Về "Tam giáo đồng nguyên" ở Trung Quốc (Tiếp theo kì trước)

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<b>54 </b>

<i>Nshien cuu Ton siao. Sd 10 - 2009 </i>

<b>TON GIAO Of NirOfC NGOAI </b>

<i><b>^^ </b></i>

<b>VE TAM CIAO DONG NGUYEN" Cl TRUNG QUOC </b>

<i>(Tiep theo ki trudc) </i>

<b>MAI THANH HAI'' </b>

7. Sau vai ba tram nam, tfl tfldng cua
Khdng - Manh da bi xa hgi Trung Qudc
hoan toan bd rdi. trieu dai nha Tan thdng
nhat dat nfldc, dflng "phap tri" nen sdm
bi lat dd. Sang trieu dai Tay Han, gifla
the ki II TCX. tfl tfldng Khdng - Manh
mdi lai dfldc dao bdi, xdi xad len, Ngfldi cd
cdng lam vdec nay la Ddng Trgng Thfl
(179-104 TCX'"). Ong bd cdng sflc cua mgt
ddi ngfldi ra de tan trang thanh thuyet
"Thien - Nhan d m flng". Deng dfla nhieu
cai mdi vad tU tUdng Khdng - Manh, hoan
chinh thanh hgc thuyet tu than, te gia,
tri qudc, binh thien ha. ma sau naj' ggi la
X'ho giao. Ddi Han Vfl De. dng ta nghe
theo Ddng Trgng Thu", ra lenh: 'Tiai truat
bach gia, dgc ton Xho thuat" (bd tat d
phe phai, chi dflng mgt minh phai Nho
ma thdi). Hgc thuyet X'ho gia tran ngap

khap thanh to. t h a n h nhd cfla Ti'ung
Qud'c. tfl dd trd nen he tfl tfldng chfnh
the'ng cua xa hgi Trung Qudc trong may
nghin nam. Tham chf. den ddi Td'ng. cac
khudn thfldc chuan mflc Xho giao bien
thanh tin dieu thieng lieng, sach vd X'ho
giao trd nen "bau vat cua Thanh Hien".

Cung tfl day. Khdng hgc hi bien dang
thanh tdn giao, ngfldi ta sfl dung hinh
thflc tin ngfldng de thd cung, de pheng
t h a n h chd Khdng Tfl, Xua't phat tfl quan

he giua Trdi va Da't, trong dd Trdi la
Dfldng, Da't la Am, "dao" Han Xho b i t
tay lai tfl dau, xay dflng lai thuyet Tam
cfldng de huge be tdi phai le thugc vao
vua. lam cd sd chd che dg quan chu
chuyen che va sfl thd'ng tri cua be may
quan lieu, bat eon le thugc vao cha, vd le
thugc vao chdng, bien hd cho che do bat
cdng; va nhfl the, la hinh t h a n h cd sd li
luan va tfl tfldng NTio gia lam he tfl tfldng
chfnh thdng cua che do phong kien Trung
Hoa may nghin nam.

Trong ddi Td'ng. cdn cd sfl ddng gdp to
ldn ve h hgc ciia Chu Ddn Di (1017-1073),
<i>du'a ra tac pham 'Thdi ciCc do huyeV: cua </i>
Thieu Ung (1011-1077) du'a ra thuyet

thai cue sinh Ifldng nghi; Ifldng nghi sinh
tfl tfldng; tfl tfldng smh bat quai; bat quai
tad thanh 64 que ban gdm het thay mgi
quy luat cua van vat. Lai cdn them
nhflng ddng gdp to ldn cua hai anh em
Trinh Hao (1032-1085) Trinh Di
(1033-1107), va cua Chu Hy (1130-1200), Vdi tfl
each cua mgt triet thuyet, Nho giao dfla
ra he thd'ng "ngu hanh" (kim, mdc, thuy,
hda. thd) nhflng khdng dem lai mgt each
nhin dflng d i n ve the gidi, sfl chuyen v i n
(Dich) la sfl van dgng tai chd, mdi la yeu

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<i>Mai Thanh Hai. Ve "Tam gido dong nguyen " ci Trung Qudc. 55_ </i>

to bien chflng sd khai, sieu hinh. Cin
khang dinh: Nho giao ve sau khong phai
la hgc thuyet va cac quan diem cua
Khdng Tfl. Ngay d i u ddi Han, Nho giao
ro rang da quay trd ve hnh hdn giae trfldc
Khdng Tfl khi lay Ngu Kinh lam ddi
tfldng de hgc tap va thi cfl. Cen Nho giao
ve sau la mgt hdn hdp cua cac hgc thuyet
Am Dfldng, Ngu hanh, bdi tdan. If thuyet
ve cac quan he Trdi vdi quy t h i n va
Ngfldi, vdi bad tai bien va quai di ma thdi
xfla, Khong Tfl da Id di khdng nhac den,
khong td 16 mot each nhin, each nghi nao
het, Lich sfl cung len an rang, Nho giao
ddi Tong trd di, da thanh phuc cd, bao thu

va khat khe hdn trfldc; cac nha tfl tfldng
ldn Trung Qud'c cung cho rang, ben canh
viec dong gdp trong cac mat td chflc xa
hgi, bdi dfldng dao dflc, phat trien van
hda giao due, Nho giao phai chiu trach
nhiem nang ne trong viec lam cho xa hgi
Trung Qud'c bi tri tre, khcng nhip budc
cung trao lUu van minh the gidi,

8. Vay thi, sau may tram nam bi lang
quen, sau hdn mgt nghin nam hi phdi pha,
hon dgn, hdm nay chung ta xem ki lai dich
thi tu tudng cua Khdng Khau la nhflng gi?
Ngi dung cd b i n nhat cua hgc thuyet
<i>Khcng Khau la xay dflng mgt xa hgi yhxv </i>
han, thai binh, kheng gay xad trgn td ldn.
Ong quy tat cl sU nghiep giae due vac viec
tu than. Con dUdng tu than dd Khdng
Khau dUa ra khdng mang mgt tien de t h i n
bi nad het, dng de cao -viec hgc, hgc each
nhin nhan, hgc each suy nghi, hgc gan lien
vdi hanh, Suy nghi de tim quan he, tfl gdc
nay ma suy den cac gdc khac. Trong hgc de
tu than, khdng cc cai gi la than linb ca,
khong c6 chflt dinh liu den van vat hflu
hnh. Hgc de hanh, de lam cho dung la
ngfldi. Da tfl ngfldi, thi cd cha me, tat ca

phai biet lam dung chfl Hieu; phli cd anh
chi em, nen phli biet lam dflng chfl Ll; c6

ban be, c6 mgi ngfldi xung quanh, nen phli
biet chfl Tin va lam dung chfl Tin; phai cc
ke tren ngfldi dfldi nen phli bieu va lam
dung chfl Trung.

The rdi trong cac mdi quan he dd, khdng
phli chi mgt chieu, ma qua lai, len xud'ng
bat cheo nhau. Do dd, trong xa hgi, phli co
chfl Le de theo dung cac quy tac da dfldc
xac lap. Cc chfl Nghia de day each lam cho
dung dan. Cd chfl Tri de xfl sfl cho thong
minh, khdn ngoan, phfl hdp vdi hoan d n h
eo le bat ngd, Lai cc chfl Liem de dung dan
treng sach, t h i n h thdi, ldng khdng chflt
vfldng btii, Va kbi con ngudi biet va lam
dung dfldc cac chfl dd, ay la luc anh cc the
dat den cai chuan mflc cac nhat cfla If
tfldng ddi nay la chfl Nhan,

Sd'ng vat v l trong gia dinh quy tgc
that the vao nfla cuoi thdi Xuan Thu,
Khdng Khau di day hgc de kiem scng;
gap thdi Idan h, dng chiu khd xin di gap
cac vua chfla chU h i u , mcng thuyet phuc
dUdc hg di thee nhflng thuyet giao cua
minh ve viec tu than, Quan diem cua
Khdng Khau ve tu than la nham dao
luyen nen nhflng con ngudi tdt dep che xa
hgi no am dfldi dat day, khdng phai chd
cugc scng md hd ao vgng tren thien gidi

chin tang may, Va con ngudi tu than ay
la mgt each lam tfch ciic nhat dflng tam
gfldng va banh dgng cua minh de thay ddi
xa hgi xung quanh. Bat cfl xa hgi nan, cen
ngudi cung phai tu than va tu nhan de
doi mdi xa hgi, cho con ngfldi am no, hanh
phflc, yen ban.

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<b>56 </b>

<i>Nghien cUu Ion giao. So W - Zvvy </i>

Dao giao va Nho giao da la nhflng cai Id
dao tiio nen dgi ngu ddng d i o "cac nha tfl
tfldng thdi Chien Qud'c", thdi ki kec dai
hdn 200 nam. tfl nam 475-221 TCN d
Trung Qud'c. Dd la thdi md d i u giai doan
cac nha vua Ddng Chu hoan toan mat vai
trd thien tfl, cac nfldc chfl h i u tha sflc
danh nhau quyet liet, xa hgi cflc ki rdi
ren; thdi ay ndi len cac nha tfl tu'dng cd
quan diem rat khac nhau. khcng ngflng
ccng kich nhau tao ra tinh trang "bach
gia tranh mmh". Sau dd. con chau hg Ly
dd xfldng mau ra xay dap nha Dfldng. lai
md rgng cfla ddn tU tUdng Phat giao vao
de tim loi chinh dd'n lai xa hgi. hdng tao
diing lai trat tii mdi. The nhUng trat tU
mdi khdng the lap ghep toan bang vat
lieu xa la. cho nen hg Id di cai ngudn gd'c
Phat giao tfl An Do be ve. cd thi cfl ghep
bfla la "Tam giac ddng nguyen" de cd the

tan dflng tan dfl Lac va Nho vao lam chat
ket dinh cho xa hgi hai hda cua Tam giao
cflng mgt ngudn gd'c.

9. XTian dinh khai quat ve Dao giao. ve
X'ho giao, va cac hgc thuyet khac khi Trung
Qudc rgng rai tiep nhan tfl tfldng hgc thuat
Phat giae. mgt sd' giad sU triet hgc va ten
giao hgc d TrUdng Dai hgc 0-xphdt (Oxferd)
- Anh. da viet: 'That ra. Kheng Tfl khdng
lap nen met tdn giao mdi. nhflng XTio giao
CO nhflng net dac biet mang tinh ton giao.
Dieu dang ndi la khi dfldc giae quyen lam te
tfldng met nfldc thi Khcng Tfl khdng thanh
cong nhfl y mudn. Den the ki XI, XII, nhfl la
phin flng ti'fldc sfl xam nhap cua Phat giao
Dai thfla, phai XTio giao mdi da no lflc
chflng minh rang vfl tru gdm hai nguyen K;
mgt tinh t h i n va mgt vat chat: ngoai ra, cdn
hai lflc Am va Dfldng ehi Dat va Trdi. Hai
lflc nay tfldng tac ma tao nen thien nhien.
<i>dieu hanh v\x tm. Nd cung ddng nhat vdi </i>

quy luat luan h' dieu hanh thien nhien va
each hanh xfl cfla con ngudi. Cdn ddi vdi
quin chflng nhan dan cfla nfldc to ldn va
nang ne nay, thi Nho giao, Dao giao va Phat
giao deu nen trgn lan vdi nhau. Ddi vdi nhu
d u dflc tin, ngudi Trung Qudc n g i ve Phat
giao; vdi nhu d u ve ki thuat, hg den vdi Dao

giao; va vdi nhu d u giao due xa hgi, hg den
vdi N'ho giao (sach The Growth of Ideas)
Nha xua't ban Aides Book Limited - London,

1965). Dd ehinh la If do xuat hien va "thanh
cdng" cua nggn cd "Tam giad ddng nguyen"
cua Trung Qud'c. heac ndi each khac, dd la
bdi d n h de gifla ddng ho ldn di s i n
Lao-Khdng da cd du hdn mgt nghin nam phoi
pha va bien dang.

Trong khi dd, eac hgc gia nhfl Hd
Thich lai hoai nghi ve bg mat cua cac "hgc
thuyet" cd dai Trung Hoa. Ong viet; "Cd
nhan dgc sach hay viet sach rat bfla bai,
thfldng dem hgc thuyet cua nhflng ngudi
khdng lien can gi den nhau ghep nhap
vao hge thuyet eua mgt ngudi khac nao
dd; Hoac la'j' sach gia lam sach that; Hoac
lay nhflng thien, nhflng chfldng cua
nhflng ngfldi sau them vae ma chd la cua
ce'nhan vd'n cc tfl d i u ; Hdac giai thich sai
sach cc; Hcac mdi ngfldi dflng y rieng cua
minh ma gili cd thfl; Lao Tfl cd the gap
Dfldng Chu; Trang Chu cd the thay Ld Ai
Cdng; Quan Tfl cd the da ndi vdi Mao
Tudng, Tay Thi; Mac Tfl ed the thay cli
chet cua Ngd Khdi. Nhflng mau chuyen
sai l i m budn cfldi nhfl vay, ke khdng the
bet. Sach Sfl ki ke Lao Tfl so'ng hdn 160

tudi, hoac sd'ng hdn 200 tudi, lai ndi ring,
sau khi Khdng Tfl chet 129 nam ma Lao
Tfl v i n cdn sd'ng. Nhflng cau chuyen nhfl
vay that khdng dang ban"'''.

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<i>Mai Thanh Hai. Ve "Tam gido dong nguyen " dTrung Qudc. 5^^ </i>

10. Tfl tfldng truyen thd'ng Trung Qudc
dfldc Cdi nhu cc ba phai chinh la Nhe gia
(hdac cdn ggi la Nho giad, Nho hgc), Dao
gia (doi khi dUdc ggi l i m la Lac giad) va
Phat gia (ddi khi ggi rgng la Phat giao).
Ngay trdng the ki XIX, phong trao quin
chflng Trung Qud'c mac d i u v i n cdn dung
den ton giao nhflng da hai l i n bac bd d
ba ton giao Thich - Nhd - Lao cung nhfl
cai chieu bai "Tam giao ddng nguyen" che
phu len ba ton giao dd. Gifla the ki XIX,
Hdng Tfl Toan (1814-1864) cflng cac liic
lUdng noi day Thai Binh Thien Quo'c, da
lap ra Hgi ThUdng De vdi d i y du giao li
va cd cau tc chflc het sflc chat che, lam
then chet gifl dfldc chfnh quyen treng
vong 14 nam. Cudi the ki, nong dan lai
vflng day manh me trong phong trao
Nghia Hoa Doan, khdng che c l Thien
Tan va Bac Kinh, dap tan dgi lien quan 8
nfldc de quo'c; hg da'u tranh manh me
chong de qud'c, nhflng hg la lai me tin phu
du, tin vao t h i n thanh cd the giflp hg hdi

bi dan ban chet. Hg cam ghet de quo'c, hg
inu quang pha hoai dfldng sit, buy hoai
cot dien, nha ga, danh giet giao si va giao
dan, nhflng thieu cfldng linh each mang,
khong cd dfldng ldi chien thuat va hg bi
that bai hean tdan. Cflng vdi sfl that bai
dau xdt dd cua phong trao ndng dan the
ki XIX, cac ton giao trdng dd du d Thfch
- Nho - Dao, da bi chfnh ngUdi Trung
Quo'c phe phan, che trach, tham chf-trong
"phong trao" each mang van hda, bi coi la
"can ba cfla che do phong kien hu bai", la
"vat can di len duy tan, van minh va hien
dai hda". Hang hai nhat trong cdng cugc
phe phan va bai bac la Khang Hflu Vi,
Lfldng Khii Sieu dan d i u tang ldp tinh
anh nhat thdi dai lflc ay. Den „hdi Ngfl
Tfl 1919, cac bgc gil tien tien Lo Tan,

Ngd Trf Huy, T r i n Dgc Tu.v.v... cung deu
phe phan cac mat lac hau bao thu cua
van hda truyen thdng. nhat la mat tri tre
phan dgng cua Nho giao. Manh me nhat
la cudi thdi Ciich mang van boa

1966-1976, "be lu bo'n ten" va ldp ngUdi ke tiep
da phat dgng phong trad toan dan phe
phan Khdng Tfl, cho rang Khdng Tfl da
xui giiic Lam Bflu nci Idan chd'ng lai Mao
Trach Ddng, he thd'ng cac Nhe giao gia da

"ma quy hda" tfl tfldng-van hda nhieu the
he xfla nay cua Trung Quc'c.

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<b>58 </b>

<i>Nghien cuu Ton giao. Sd W - ZUU9 </i>

xua't hien nhieu nguy cd khdng ben vflng
va bat dn dinh tiem tang, cung vdi nhflng
van de cd hflu nhfl tham nhflng tran lan.
moi trudng suy thoai, dich 'vu y te va giao
due chfla tfldng xflng vdi td'c do phat trien
kinh te.... khdng chi la nhflng thach thflc
kinh te. ma quan trgng hdn. la nhflng
thach thflc ve mat xa hgi va chfnh tri...".
<i>Va day la mgt doan trong "Tz/ lieu bdo </i>
<i>cdo vien" dang tren Tap chf Bdo cdo vien </i>
thang 8/2008; "Chenh lech giau ngheo
chiem chfla tdi 2%.... d ndng thdn. 210
trieu ngfldi khdng cd nUdc sach. 180 trieu
ngUdi khdng biet chfl.... 100-150 trieu lac
dgng di cfl ra dd thi. trdi ndi khdng hg
khau. khdng cfl trfl cd dinh,... 0 nhiem
dflng d i u the gidi...thien tai dien ra
thfldng xuyen tren quy me Idn .... tinh
trang bat dn xa hgi lan rgng (so 'vu bieu
tinh, bao loan nam 1993 la 8,7 nghin \TI,
nam 2003 tang len 58 nghin vu, nam
2005 len 87 nghin via)...".

Mgt so' bao ehi gin day rat quan tam
'viec Bac Kinh dang truyen di thdng diep ve

"mgt xa hgi hai hda", va cd khdng ft td bao
du bao mgt hinh anh cd ve nhU ngUdi ta
mudn "dan dat ngu'di dan nfldc nay quay
trd lai vdi Khdng Tfl, cen ngfldi noi tieng
mgt thdi xa xu'a". Dan chflng gin daj^ nha't
la le trinh dien md dau Dai hgi Olympic
Bac Kinh 2008, ta't ca g i n nhfl xoay quanh
mgt chfl Hda cua cac the he XTio si dd de
<i>cua Khdng Tfl. Bao Tudi tre (Thanh phd'Hd </i>
Chf Minh) sd ra ngay 9/8/2008 da khdng
tiec ldi sieu trfldng sieu trgng nhat de
tu'dng thuat le khai mac na>' la "an tfldng
va hdanh trang nhat trdng lich sfl
Olympic", "la met bfla tiec hinh anh hoanh
trang ma 'viec khen d day coi nhfl la qua
thfla. ma tdi cung khdng cd dfl trinh do de
khen"; Bao cflng dan lai ldi dng Le Quy

Dudng "xem ma nhfl md". "dieu tci dac biet
an tfldng chinh la man hidu dien ndi ve
Khd'ng Tfl". Tap chi Newsweek (My) khdng
quen nhac lai rang: bo'n chuc nam trfldc.
Khdng Tfl bi dfla ra da'u cflng vdi Lam
Bflu. va "tu" tfldng Khdng la mgt thfl rac
rfldi thdi tha da kich le Lam Bflu ndi Idan
chd'ng lai tfl tfldng va sfl nghiep cua Mao
Trach Dong''.

12. Da qua mfldi nam ke tfl khi bfldc
sang the ki XXI. g i n nhfl khap cac tinh

thanh Trung Qud'c ao at mgt phong trao
phuc cd. hang chuc ngUdi vflt bd ao dai
can Tdn Trung Sdn, xep xd quan ad. au
phuc vdi Cravat xanh dd. r i m rg mac
trang phuc Han cc cai khuy vii. Tai cac
trfldng tieu hgc. t r u n g hge. hang trieu hgc
sinh mac Han phuc. ldn tieng dgc kinh
"Kinh" (tflc la cac sach kinh dien cd dai
nhfl Tam Tfl kinh. Luan ngfl.v.v... Tdi toi,
hang cbiic trieu gia dinh nao nflc tu tap
trfldc may thu hinh va thu thanh de theo
doi hgc hdi chfldng trinh "Dien dan Qudc
hgc" dien giang Nho hgc cac thdi. Cac
trUdng dai hgc dua n h a u md cac ldp Qud'c
hgc dai ban. ngan ban, bd tflc, tai
chflc.v.v... va den trfldng Dang Trung
fldng cad d p cflng md ldp Qud'c hgc cua
thfl trfldng, chi chap nhan can bg cap Vu
trd len tdi hgc. hgc ba nam mgt khda. hgc
phi mdi nam tdi 22.000 te, tfldng dfldng
3.000 ddia My, nhieu ngfldi ghi ten cham
kheng dfldc vad hgc danh ngam ngfli chd
khda sau.

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<i>Mai Thanh Hai. Ve "Tam gido dong nguyen " dTrung Qudc. 59 </i>

nhieu bien dgng chinh tri va t i n h d n h be
tac ve k i n h te b i e n nay: mgt nen k i n h te
"qua ndng" d a n g gay do' ki va b a t m a n
trong n h i e u t i n g ldp,

Trong ki hgp t h a n g 3 n a m 2005 cua
Quo'c bgi T r u n g Qud'c, n h i e u dai bieu lien
tiep de nghi p h u c hdi t r o n g toan dan dao
dflc N h a n , N g h i a , Le, Tri, Tin cfla Khdng
- M a n h , dUa Tfl k i n h va N g u thfl vao s a t
bach cdng chflc cac d p va cho hgc sinh
cac cap tfl t r u n g hgc trd len. Cac n h a x u a t
ban dUdc l e n h in va p h a t h a n h h a n g t r a m
trieu ban in cac sach "kinh dien" cua
Khdng - M a n h . cua cac h a u bdi nhU
T r a n g Tfl, T u a n Tfl,v.v.. N h i e u "hgc gia"
ki tai n h u nfl giao sfl Vu D a n , 41 tuoi,
lien tiep len dai t r u y e n h i n h t r u n g fldng
ggi la "dien d a n t r a m n h a " de t h u y e t
giang ve " T h u hoach va L u a n ngfl", da nd
ra mgt cac t r a c cc h a n g chuc t r i e u ngfldi
lang nghe va ghi chep ldi day cfla nfl giao
sU ki tai nay. S a u dd, cac bai giang cua
nfl giao sU Vu D a n dUdc in t h a n h h a n g
trieu ban, cc tac gia ki ten. b a n h e t vee
trong vai ba ngay. Q u i t h a t la da tfl vai
chuc n a m cudi t h e ki XX cho den nay,
Trung Qud'c da n g a m n g l m l a m cai viec
ggi la "phuc hflng gia tri to ldn va lich sfl"
cua Nho giao, cac le hgi ki niem Khdng
Tfl deu dfldc td chflc b e t sflc r i m rg, Phd
Chu tich Hgi Nhd hgc T r u n g Quc'c t u y e n
bo: "Thdi ki p h u c bifng Dad Khdng da
xuat hien!". Da lau lam, ngfldi ta bd q u e n

cac ldi day hflng h d n trdng sach dd ngay
nad ve "dau t r a n h giai d p " , ve " m a u
t h u a n luan", "xa hgi tien len k h o n g
ngflng b a n g each p h a t hien r a m a u t h u a n
va thuc day x u n g det m a u t h u a n m a tien
len, tien len m a i mai...". Bay gid, t a t c l
chi cdn mdi chfl "Hda" la t r d n tria: "Hda
tren, hda dfldi", "Hda trfldc, hda sau", Hda

trong, hda ngoai...". Hgc gia KhUdng Gia
Q u a n g cho r a n g , gia tri dao dUc cfla
K h d n g g i n nhU c a u t r a ldi chd cau hdi ve
mgt nen v a n hda hien dai cua T r u n g
Qud'c; dng cho riing: "Xa hgi T r u n g Quo'c
ngay n a y tdi te chUa tflng t h a y . Khong
cdn c h u a n miic v a n hda de dieu chinh
each thflc con ngu'di, cac dci tac k m h
d c a n h , b a n be va gia dinh. Mong tdi day,
"giao due t u tUdng K h d n g se dUdc dUa
n h a n h v a c nhU mgt mdn hgc b a t huge ddi
vdi hgc s i n h " (bien 18 trUdng Dai hgc ldn
va 5 t r i e u hgc s i n h d a n g t h e e 30 khda hgc
ve "van hda Dao Khdng", nhUng chUa
p h a i la b a t huge vdi t a t d hgc sinh).
"Vien n g h i e n cflu D a e Khong" thugc
TrUdng dai hgc N h a n dan T r u n g Hea da
td chflc sinh vien b a n g ngay dgc t h a t tc
"Tuyen t a p D a e Khdng".

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60

<i>Nghien ctm Ton giao. SdlO - 2009 </i>

ndi: "Khoing each ngay cang xa gifla mdt
so' can bg giau cd ,ya ngfldi nghed, viec sa
t h i i ccng nhan khien dan chflng cdng
khai hoc 16 nhflng noi bat binh cua hg,
dan den tinh hinh an ninh da't nfldc xau
di, n l y sinh nhieu mau t h u a n khd giai
quyet". G i n day, Trfldng Fuxue, lap
nam 1358 d Bac Kinh, da dflng mgt bflc
tfldng Khdng Tfl cac 5 met d gifla san
trUdng de hgc sinh chiem ngudng trfldc
khi vao bu6i hgc, va Hieu trfldng Vfldng
Sieu Chung cho biet tfl nam 2003,
TrUdng da dUa Dad Khdng vad day d t a t
c l cac ldp. Ong ta nci: van de t r a n h
luan khdng p h l i la nen hay kheng nen
phiic hdi tu tudng Khdng, ma la d n tdn
thd tu tfldng Khdng nhfl mgt p h a n ciia
he the'ng giad due, hay la met p h i n cfla
tfl tfldng chfnh tri, hay nfla la met tfn
ngfldng lich sif dan tgc. Giam dd'c Trung
tam UCLA cho biet; "Hien nay, bg ngoai
giao Trung Quo'c da chi 10 ti ddla de tfl
nay den 2010, lap xong tren khap the
gidi mgt t r a m t r u n g tam van hda Trung
Quo'c vdl ngi dung boat dgng chu yeu la
day tieng Hoa va phd cap tfl tfldng
Khdng, Bac Kinh hi vgng ve be ngeai
n h a n tfl cua Khdng se giflp hg gianh
them ban be the gidi", Khdng ft hgc g i l

Trung Qud'c da dfla ra y tfldng "xay
dflng lai Nhd giad" hoac la "hien dai hda
Nhd giao". Tham chi nhieu ngfldi de
nghi: trfldc tien, d n de tfl tfldng Nhe
giao tien vao t r u n g tam quyen liic chinh
tri, sau dd t h a n h lap cac doan the Nho
giao, tien tdi xay dflng mgt khu Bao
tang Nho giao; md ke hdaeh tean dan ve
Nhd giao, lay gia dinh va gia tgc lam cd
sd, lay nong nghiep lam gd'c, quay trd lai
lich phap dung am lich; tinh ki nguyen
tfl ngay sinh Khdng Tfl (bd khdng dflng

Cdng lich tinh gd'c tfl n a m sinh Chfla
Giesu),v.v... Bao chf nfldc ngoai lien tiep
dfla tin k h a t vgng chay bdng trong gidi
tri thflc T r u n g Qud'c la m a u chdng phuc
hflng nen "van hda truyen thd'ng" cfla
T r u n g Hoa, cu the la nen Nho bgc ma
t r u n g t a m la he tfl tfldng "hda" cua
Khdng Tif nam xfla.

Hang tin Tan Hoa Xa thang 08 nam
2008 cho biet: I l n d i u tien trong lich sfl
dien anh Trung Qud'c, chan dung nha tfl
tfldng, nha triet hgc Khdng Tfl bat d i u
dfldc dflng t h a n h phim. Nfl dad dien He
Mai tuyen be': "Khdng Tfl tdn tai trong
trai tim cua rat nhieu ngfldi nhfl mgt vi
thanh, nhflng mgi ngfldi ft biet den hinh

anh va eon ngfldi Khdng Tfl trong ddi
thfldng"; Hd Mai hi vgng bg phim vdi cai
nhin t h a u hieu ve euge ddi va tam hdn
Khdng Tfl, se dem den chd khan gia
nhflng hinh anh thu vi ve nha tfl tfldng
nay. Dfl kien kinh phi bd phim ve Khdng
Tfl se len tdi 21,9 trieu ddla My.

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