Vị trí của linh mục Phạm Bá Trực trong phong trào chống Pháp giành độc lập của Việt Nam giai đoạn 1945-1954

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14

<i>Nghien cd'u Ton giao. So I - 2010 </i>

TON GIAO VA DAN TOC

<b>VI TRI CUA LINH MUC PHAM BA TRUC TRONG </b>

<b>• • • • </b>

<b>PHONG TRAO CHONG PHAP GIANH OOC LAP CUA </b>

<b>• • </b>

<b>VIET N A M GIAI DOAN 1945-1954 </b>

T

rong bai tham luan nay, chung tdi
se khdng de cap chi tiet ve thanh
the va sfl nghiep tham gia khang chien
chd'ng Phap gianh ddc lap ciia Linh muc
Pham Ba Trflc, ma chi xin phat bieu mdt
so' suy nghi ve y nghia ciia hanh ddng ciia
Linh muc trong lich sii Giao hdi Cdng
giao Viet Nam, giai doan 1945-1954

N i e m v u i n g a y D g c l a p

Nhfl chung ta deu bie't, Linh muc Pham
Ba Trflc da tflng dfldc dao tao tai trfldng
Truyen giao d Roma, Khi ve nflde. Linh muc
dfldc giao nhiem vu day triet hpc tai Dai
chiing vien Ke Sd, tflng la tru sd ciia Giao
phan Tay Dang Ngoai trfldc khi dfldc

chuyen ve Ha Npi, Va Ke Sd, trong nhflng
ngay qua, da dfldc chpn lam ndi cii hanh Le
khai mac Nam Thanh ki niem 50 nam
thanh lap hang giao pham Viet Nam, Nhfl
vay, Linh muc da cd mat va hoat ddng ngay
tai mpt cai noi ciia Giao hpi,

Ngoai ra. linh muc cdn la chi'nh xfl ciia
giao xfl Khoan Vy (Ha Nam). Linh muc
cflng cdn dich mot so' sach dao dflc nflde
ngoai sang tie'ng Viet de phuc vu ba con
<i>giao dan ngfldi Viet nhfl cudn Linh hon </i>

<i>cua moi cong tdc tong do (L'ame de tout </i>

Apostolat). Nhfl vay, khi tham gia phong
trao khang chien chd'ng Phap tai xam
Ifldc Viet Nam 1945-1954, Lmh muc
Pham Ba Trflc la ngfldi dang tham gia
tfch cflc trong sinh hoat ciia Giac hdi
Cdng giao Viet Nam va ciia Giao phan
Tay Dang Ngoai ndi rieng.

PHAN KH.4C T i f
Chung ta cung cdn dfldc biet la khi
tham gia Quoc hpi khda I ciia mdt nflde
Viet Nam mdi gianh dfldc doc lap, Linh
muc Pham Ba Trflc da xin phep be tren
dfldc tham gia khang chien va cam ket,
sau khi nflde nha dfldc hoan toan ddc lap,

se bd lai mpi chflc tfldc de trd ve lam bdn
phan muc vu nhfl cac linh muc khac.
Giam muc Chaize - Thinh da chap thuan
thinh cdu ciia Linh muc. Trfldng hdp nay
khien chung ta nhd lai mot trfldng hdp
khac xay ra trfldc dd. cung tai Giao phan
Tay Dang Ngoai: trfldng hdp cu Sau Tran
Luc, Thang 4/1886. cu Sau Tran Luc, tac
gia ciia quan the kien true nha thd Phat
Diem ndi tieng, "linh muc nho be ciia
Phat Diem tdi Ke Sd, mang theo mdt sac
chi vang cd trien ldn dd chdi, Dd la van
bang ciia kham sai cho ba tinh Thanh
Hda, Nghe An, Ha Tinh", Cu Sau tdi Ke
Sd gap be tren ciia minh la Giam muc
Puginier - Phfldc de thinh y Giam muc ve
viec trieu dinh giao cho Cu sfl mang

Kham sai. Dflc Giam muc cho phep Cu
Sau nhan sfl mang ma nha vua tin cay
giao cho, nhflng chi trong thdi gian cang
ngan cang td't, Sau 35 ngay, Cu Sau dfldc
khuyen nen tfl chflc va trd ve Phat Diem.
Vi "Kham sai da vang ldi""'.

*, Linh muc, Uy ban Doan kei Cong giao Viet Nam.
<i>1. Olichon. 98-99, trfch theo Truong Ba Can, Lich sif </i>
<i>phdt irien Cdng gido d \ iet Nam. Nxb, Ton giao. </i>

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<i>Phan Khac Tir. Vi tii ci'ia Linh muc Pham Bd Tntc. </i>

<b>15 </b>

Trfldng hpp ciia Linh muc Pham Ba
Trflc, hay ciia Cu Sau trfldc dd, di nhien
la nam trong nhflng trfldng hdp dac biet
: va treng mdt giai doan lich sii dac biet,
Khdng phai mpi linh muc deu dfldc keu
gpi de thflc hien nhflng nhiem vu nhfl hai
linh muc dfldc ndi de'n tren day, Nhflng
chung ta cd the hieu dfldc rang tfnh each
dac biet d day chi lien quan den each thflc
the hien mpt tinh than, mpt sfl mang,
mdt dn keu gpi ciia Giao hdi la the hien
long yeu thfldng ciia Thien Chua dd'i vdi
con ngfldi, mpi con ngfldi, Va day la bdn
phan chung cho mpi ngfldi Cdng giao,
linh muc hay giao dan, tu si, Va ldng yeu
thfldng ay ludn bao gdm nhflng hanh
dpng cu the, trong nhflng hoan canh cu
the. v a ddng dao cac thanh phan ctia
Giao hpi Cong giao tai Viet Nam da hieu
ra rang, trong hoan canh cu the ciia nam
1945, nhiem vu cu the cua ngfldi Cdng
giao la cflng vdi ddng bao ciia minh ra sflc
bao ve nen ddc lap ctia Td qudc, vi ddc lap
la mdt trong nhflng dieu kien tien quyet
de con ngfldi cd the phat trien mdt each
day dii, theo dflng pham gia ciia con
ngfldi va Thien Chua,

Tha'y dfldc gia tri to ldn ciia nen ddc lap

ma dan tdc trong dd cd ngfldi Cdng giao deo
dudi, dd xfldng mau de cd dfldc, cac giam
muc Le Hflu Tfl. Hd Ngpc Can da nhan
lam cd' va'n cho Chi'nh phii, Nhieu nhan si,
trf thflc Cdng giao da dam nhiem nhieu
chflc vu cao cap nhfl cac dng Nguyen Manh
' Ha, Vu Dinh Tung, Ngd Tii Ha. Giam muc
Hd Ngpc Can da iing hd ca day chuyen
vang cho chfnh phii khang chie'n trong
"Tuan le vang", Trfldc am mflu ctia Thflc
dan Phap lam le cfldp di nen ddc lap non
tre ciia dan tdc, Giam muc Nguyen Ba
j Tdng da thay mat cac giam muc ngfldi Viet

giii mdt dien van cho Tda Thanh va cho
I gidi Cdng giao the gidi de nghi iing hp
I chi'nh pbii mdi ciia Viet Nam,

"Chung tdi la bd'n giam muc Viet Nam

<i>b Bui Chu, Vinh Long va Phat Diem, ha </i>

j tuan thang trfldc day da giii mdt dien van
yeu cau Dflc Giao hoang, trieu dinh La

Ma, cac Hdng y, Tdng giam muc, giam
muc va het giao si cflng giao dan hoan
cau, ling hd nen ddc lap ciia Td qud'c Viet
Nam chung tdi. Nay mdt lan nfla chung
tdi len tieng thiet tha keu gpi ldng quang

dai ciia khap Giao hdi dd'i vdi da't nflde
chung tdi, mdt nflde da dfldc Dflc Giao
hoang Truyen giao (tflc la Dflc Giao
hoang Pid XI) hoi phong cho giam muc
Viet Nam tien khdi nam 1933 da td mdi
hi vpng cd ngay se xflng dang cai danh
hieu la "Con trfldng Giao hdi d Cflc
Ddng". Nha't la chung tdi hd hao hai
cfldng qud'c Anh, My xin can thiep mdt
each hieu qua de chflng tdi khdi lam vao
nan binh dao ghe sd, gifla luc ca hoan cau
da dfldc hfldng thai binh bay lau nhfl
mong ddi,,.. Phai, chinh lflc nay, d nflde
Viet Nam chung tdi dang dien ra mdt
cupc xung dot dang lo ngai. Ldng ai qud'c
anh dung va khdng lay chuyen ciia ngfldi
Viet Nam dang xd hp ra chdn sa trfldng,
xdng pha dan liia. Chi vi mud'n gifl vflng
nen ddc lap, chi vi mud'n benh vflc cdng If
va tfl do ma mdt sd' ldn con dan dang bi
giet hai, nhflng con dan ma nflde Viet
Nam ra't can de kie'n thie't va mflu la'y
hanh phflc cho minh..."''^'.

Qua thge, qua cac giam muc ciia minh,
ngfldi Cdng giao Viet Nam da bay td vdi
the gidi Cdng giao va the gidi ndi chung la
ngfldi Cdng giao Viet Nam gan bd va tha
thie't vdi nen ddc lap ciia dan tdc, cung la
muc tieu, li tfldng ciia tuyet dai da sd

ngfldi Viet Nam luc ba'y gid. La ngfldi
Viet Nam, ngfldi Cdng giao cung da phai
chiu chung so' phan ciia tuyet dai da sd
ngfldi Viet Nam dfldi sfl thd'ng tri ciia
ngoai bang, ciia chii nghia thflc dan, do
dd, cung nhfl bao ngfldi Viet Nam khac,
cflng khao khat ddc lap, tfl do va xem dd
nhfl mdt gia tri cdn phai bao ve. Ngfldi
Cdng giao Viet Nam da mong mdi sd'ng
niem tin tdn giao ciia minh t r o n g hda

<i>2. Trfch theo: Nguydn Dinh Dau. (J budi ddu. ldi cd </i>

<i>Cdng gido deu img ho che'do Viet Nam Ddn ciui </i>
<i>Cdng Iwa. trong Bao Cdng gido vd Ddn tdc. tuan Id </i>

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16

<i>Nghien ciiu Ton giao. Sd 1 - 2010 </i>

binh, trong mdt da't nflde ma mpi con
ngfldi deu dfldc yeu thfldng va tdn trpng.

<b>Nhufng thii t h a c h mdi </b>

Nhflng niem vui ciia ngay le Doc lap
da khdng keo dai dfldc lau, Cupc chien
tranh tai xam Ifldc Viet Nam ctia Phap va
cupc khang chie'n de bao ve nen ddc lap
ciia nhan dan Viet Nam da sdm hi td dam
mau sac y thflc he; hflu than va vd than.
Va hau qua la khdng ft ngfldi Cdng giao,

tflng hd hdi trfldc vien tfldng ciia mdt
nflde Viet Nam ddc lap, gid day da bat
dau lo au cho niem tin tdn giao ciia minh.
Ngfldi Cdng giao Viet Nam lflc nay da hi
dat trfldc mpt sfl lfla chpn bi dat: Hoac
tie'p tuc tham gia khang chien trong
phong trao Viet Minh "cpng san vd than"
va nhfl vay la tfl bd niem tin tdn giao hp
da nhan dfldc tfl cha ong nhfl mdt con
dfldng dem lai cho hp sfl giai thoat, sfl
cflu dp, nen tang ciia hanh phflc trfldng
tdn. Hoac duy tri va bao ve niem tin tdn
giao ciia minh, nhflng nhfl the, va trong
hoan canh cu the khi a'y, phai tfl bd cupc
da'u tranh bao ve nen ddc lap trong phong
trao khang chien do nhflng ngfldi "cdng
san vo than" lanh dao. Sfl ddi nghich khi
a'y chang nhflng da khdng cd dfldc mdt
giai phap "hda giai" ma trai lai, da dfldc
day tdi dinh diem, ve phia Giao hdi Cdng
giao, vdi Thfl chung ciia cac giam muc
Ddng Dfldng 1951 de dpa loai trfl khdi
Giao hdi nhflng ngfldi Cdng glad gia nhap
hay ling hd Viet Minh nam chi'nh quyen.

Sfl lfla chpn trd nen dflt khoat. De
Lattre de Tassigny, Cao iiy Phap, ngfldi
Cdng giao, vd'n xem cupc chie'n tranh tai
xam Ifldc Viet Nam nhfl mpt cudc "Thap tfl
chinh" va nhflng ngfldi linh Phap la nhflng

chien si chien da'u de bao ve nen van minh
Kitd giao''^', dfldc xem la ngfldi da cd mdt
vai trd quan trpng trong viec day sfl ddi
nghich na}' tdi dinh diem cua nd.

Nhflng lich sii ciia dan tdc Viet Nam
da khdng dflng lai d dd. Va sau dd vd ca
ve mat vat cha't liin tmh than. If tfldng ca
dan tdc theo dudi da tflng bfldc dfldc the
hien: chien tranh da hoan toan cha'm dflt

tren da't nflde than yeu ciia chung ta, sfl
thd'ng nha't da dfldc tai lap, nen doc lap
cung da trd lai vdi dan tdc. Chung ta
khdng ngay ngo de'n ndi khdng tha'y dfldc
nhflng khd khan, tham chf nhflng mau
thuan. cu va mdi dang ddi phai dfldc giai
quyet. Nhflng chung tdi lai cung xac tfn
rang, viec giai quye't nhflng khd khan va
mau thuan nay hoan toan cd the dfldc
tien hanh khdng phai bang da'u tranh de
loai trfl ma bang ddi thoai de dat dfldc sfl
ddng thuan can thie't che viec xay dflng
mdt xa hpi moi ngay mdi mang tfnh nhan
van hdn, trong sfl tdn trpng nhflng khac
biet tao nen sfl phong phu ciia kho tang
van hda ciia dan tpc.

<b>Ket l u a n </b>

Hdm nay, chung ta td chflc budi tfldng
niem Lmh muc Pham Ba Trflc vdi tfl each la
mdt linh muc da cd' gang thflc thi bdn phan
chung ciia mgi cdng dan yeu chudng ddc lap,
tfl do. I^inh muc Pham Ba Trflc cd the dfldc
xem nhfl mdt hinh anh ciia mpt quan he hai
hda gifla dao va ddi. Linh muc da chpn di
theo khang chien cho'ng Phap tai xam
Ifldc de bao ve ddc lap ciia Td qud'c vdi tfl
each Linh muc va han la Linh muc da cd
the trd ve tiep tuc lam cdng tac muc vu
tai mpt giao xfl nao dd theo fldc nguyen
da bay td vdi be tren ciia Linh muc, khi
dat nflde t h a n h binh,... Nhflng Linh muc
da qua ddi trfldc khi dfldc toai nguyen
(5/10/1954), chl 5 ngay trfldc khi quan
khang chien tie'n vao Thii dd Ha Npi.

Y nguyen ctia Linh muc han se dfldc
tiep tuc the hien trong hanh ddng ciia
chflng ta trong giai doan lich sii hien nay
ciia dan tdc. Chflng ta se tim each the
hien traeh nhiem ciia ngfldi Cdng giao
gifla dan tdc va cung vdi dan tdc, vdi mpi
ngfldi Viet Nam, qua con dfldng ddi thoai,
Lheo chung tdi, la con dfldng cu the thfeh
hdp vdi hien tai, trong hoan canh cu the
ciia da't nflde hien nay,/.

<i>3, Xin xem: Tran Thi Lien, De Lattre an X'ietnain. </i>

<i>1951 L'aniie de la Croisade. luan van Cao hpc Sir </i>

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