Phát triển văn hóa đọc ở nông thôn, mục tiêu hàng đầu trong chương trình xây dựng nông thôn mới.

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<i><b>PHAT TRIEN VAN HOA DOC O NONG THON, </b></i>

<b>MUC TIEU HANG DAU </b>

<b>TRONG CHyONG TRINH XAY D U N G NONG THON M O I </b>

<b>ThS. V5 Cong Nam </b>

Khoa Thu vien - Thong tin, Dai hpc Vin hoa Tp. HCM

<i>Nong thdn Viit Nam td bao ddi nay cd vf tri quan trgng hing dSu dot vdi sif trudng (on v i phit then </i>
<i>cua din tde. ViecfMt triin vin hda dgc, hinh thinh thdi quen dqe, xiy dpng dinh hudng dgc lanh manh </i>
<i>vi trang bi ky ning dgc cho ngupi din mi ehu trgng tip trung vio nhdm ngudi dgc li nhiJtig ngudi din </i>
<i>viing ndng thdn Viit Nam dang dupe d xS hdi quan tSm. Trong khudn khd bii viit cua minh, th^e si Vd </i>
<i>Cdng Nam di niu Hn nhOhg suy nghi, tiintidvispdn thiit phai phit tiien vin hda dgc; vai trd eua </i>
<i>tiiW viin trong vigc phat biin vin hda dgc, ddng thdi de xuit nhOhg giii phip phit triin vin hda dge hign </i>
<i>nay d ndng thdn mien Nam Viet Nam, die biit ii viing Ddng bing sdng Cu\i Long trong diudng tiinh muc </i>
<i>tiiu xay dytig ndng thdn mdi </i>

<i>Rural area has been always the key to the development and sun/ival of Vietnam. The establishment, </i>
<i>on'entation and dev^rjpm&it of riding culture for people living in rural areas attracts ^lecial attention of </i>
<i>die sodety. In this paper, the author discussed the potentials for developing reading culture and roles of </i>
<i>libraries, and suggested some sc^ubons for the development of reading culture in rural areas in the </i>
<i>Southern region, especially in the Mekong Delta, within the Program for the building of new rural </i>
<i>commu-nity. </i>

<b>D i t van de </b>

<i>Nong thdn Viet Nam t y bao dPi nay eo vi tri </i>
quan trong hing diu ddi vdi sy trydng tdn v i
phat trien ciia din tpc. Thdi ky Bic thupc, nong
thon Viet Nam la thanh tri chdng lai am muli
ddng hda eiia phong kien phydng Bie, biin qui

trinh 1000 nim "Han hda" trd thinh qui trinh
"Viet hda". Thdi ky phong kiin, ndng thon trd
thinh cai ndi nudi dudng v i truyen ba nhffng t y
tudng tiin bp cua nhan dan, eiia ddng vin hpc
tien bp, cua chii' Ndm, la ngudn bp sung thu' t^ch
dan tpc sau moi cupc ehien tranh, l i ndi dao tao
dpi ngu nhan tai dfch thye ciia qudc gia. Trong hai
cupc khing chiin chdng thye din Phip v i My,
<i>nong thdn trd thinh can cd dia cich mang, nuoi </i>
dudng v i dao tao nhutig chiin sT each mang kien
cydng, bat khuat, ndi khdi xydng nhiing chiin
djch dinh giie ngoai x i m . Ndng Uion ngiy nay la
nguon ludng thye nuoi song toin xa hdi, la ngudn

lye ed ban de eong nghiip hoa, hien dai hoa dat
nude.

Nong thon Viet Nam, t y bao ddi nay, cung l i
ndi hiihg ehju mpi tai ydng ciia thien tai, djeh hoa
va cydng quyen den noi edm khdng dii no, i o
khong dii am, khdng du'dc hpc hinh. Cupc song
trien mien trong t i m tdi, doi ngheo, ed eye, l i
<i>khu vdc d tang thap nhat trong bac thang phit </i>
trien xa hpi.

Tryde nghjch ly do, nhffng nim gin day,
dydng loi chfnh sieh ciia Dang dang tap trung
<i>hudng ve ndng thon. Chydng trinh xiy ddng </i>
ndng thdn mdi dang dude tfch eye phat dpng
trong c i nydc nhy l i mpt nghTa vy thiing Hing

den dn, dip nghTa ciia toan Dang, toin quin v i
toan din vdi ning thon Viet Nam.

Mdt trong nhiJTig npi dung quan tiring hang
dau trong bp tieu chf xiy dyhg nong thdn mdi la

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lim cho vin hda thim nh|p v i tham siu vio mpi
ITnh vye eiia ddi sdng nong t h i n , nang eao mye
hydng thy vin hda ciia ngydi din nong thdn,
hinh thinh cie cpng dong ndng thin vin hda.
Mpt cpng ddng vin hda tryde tiin v i tren h i t
phii l i mdt edng ddng dpc. Xiy dyng dydc m$t
cOng dong dpe la ed sd d i hinh thinh m^t eing
dong linh m^nh, tiin bd, m i t edng ddng dyi?e
dam bio ve tudng lai.

Trong ph?m vi bii viet, t i c gia chi xin d i cip
hai npi dung: Sy can thiet phai phit trien vin hda
dpe, vai trd ciia thu viin v i nhuhg giii phip phit
triin vin h6a dpc hien nay d nflng thon Dong
bing sing CiiU Long.

<i>1 . s y c i n t h i i t p h i i p h i t tri&n v i n hda </i>
dpc v i vai t r d ciia thu" v i i n

De hoin thien bin than, xa h$i v i t h i gidi,
con ngudi tiin hinh nhieu ho^t dpng vin hda.
Hp^t dpng nh|n thye luon l i hoat dpng vin hda
hing d i u . Trong eie phydng thye nhan thye, dpe
l i phudng thye eho phip tiep can vdi ngudn tri

thye phong phii nhat, chat lydng nhat va de dang
tiep can nhat. Vi vay, dpc dy^c xem l i ho^t dpng
vin hoa l i m cao ciia con ngudi.

Vin hda dpc chp phep moi ea nhan eo the lam
giiu von kiin thye eiia minh, boi bd tri thong
minh va ning lyc t y tJuy, phit trien tri tudng
tydng va 6c sang tao; giup ren luyin kha ning
dien dat bing Idi noi v i ehff \flet, giup tu dudng,
ren luyin bin than. Vi vay, mot con ngudi e6 t h i
thanh dat ma khong nhat thiit phai qua trudng
Idp, nhuhg mpt cpn ngydi khdng the thinh d^t
neu khdng dpc.

Dpi vdi cpng dong, vin hda dpe ed kha ning
tao dyhg mpt mdi tnrdng xa hpi lanh manh, trong
dd CO ehfnh sieh xa hpi tien bp, dy luin xa h$i ca
ngcfi nhuhg dieu tot dep v i lin an nhuhg gi la xau
xa. Mpt moi tn/dng xa hpi cd dieu kiin d i cii tot,
<i>cii eao thydng phit trien, cd lap v i io^i Pd </i>
nhuhg cii xau xa. Vin hda dpc cd khi ning t^o
dyhg mdt cpng dong ed diy dii dieu kiin d i p iihg
nhu rau hoe tap suot ddi ciia mpi ngydi; giiip mpi
ngydi dydc tiep can mpt each khdng han che v i
tiling thye den mpi ngudn thong tin eiia xa hpi.
Vin hda dpc cho phep viec bao ton bin sic vin

hda v i glao luy glD^ cie nin vin hda. Vin hda
dpc cd khi ning khu5y dpng cie phong O'ip ho?t
d$ng vl sy t i i n b$ aia c<lng ddng v i nhin lo^i.

M0t edng ddng tdt dep, tn/dc h i t v i t r i n h i t phii
l i mdt e$ng ddng dpc.

Din t i e Vl§t Nam ta vdn l i d i n tpc da cd vin
hda dpc tir 4000 nim tn/dc, da xiy dyhg dy^c
mOt truyin thdng quy sich v i thfch dpe sieh...
T h i nhuhg, nhOhg nim g i n diy, dp nhieu
nguyin nhin chii quan v i khich quan, tiijySn
<i>tiling tdt dep Sy d i c6 nhiiu phai nh^t, nhit l i 6 </i>
ndng thdn: tfnh tich cyt dpe khdng cao, tiidi quen
dpc ehua bin vQhg, myc dich dpe chua tdt,
<i>phydng phip dpe chda hdp ly d i n d i n ky ning </i>
dpc k^m hieu q u i . Thii d$ ddi vdi sieh, vdi tri
thdc v i nhijhg ngy^ lim sieh chu^ thda ding.

Chin chinh nhOhg l§ch lee v i phit tirlin vin
<i>hda dpe d ndng tiidn hlin nay i i cSp bich v i cSn </i>
thiit. Viic phit triin v i n hda dpe d i m bio eho
mpi ngydi dan d ndng thdn cd dudc mpt trinh dp
hpc vin day dii, dude tiip c i n mdt cich tmng
thye va khdng h^n che den mpi ngudn thdng tin
eua x3 hpi de lim thay ddi di$n mao eiia eie e$ng
ddng din ey d ndng thdn vin minh v i tiin bp
hdn.

Thy vien, theo quan diem ciia UNESCO, vdi ty
cich l i m$t thiet e h i quan trpng hing diu trong
<i><b>viec "dim bio cho mgi d nhin ed dupe ntdt binh </b></i>

<i>dg hgc vin day du, ddpc dip e$n day du thdng </i>

<i>tin, di tp minh cd thira dupe nhOhg quyS dinh </i>
<i>dijng din cho minh vi cho cdng ddng. Thifi: hign </i>
<i>nhOhg quySn thiing iOng aia con ngd&i, ti/ do </i>
<i>f^dn vinh vi phit W ^ ' p h i i l i d$i quin chii Iyt </i>

trong viec hinh thinh cie cpng ddng dpc d nong
thdn hl§n nay.

<i><b>2. G\iA p h i p p h ^ t r i & i vftn h6a dgc d </b></i>
<b>n6ng th6n f)6ng b&ng sdng CuTu Long </b>

Ddng bing sdng OJTU Long l i ngudn ludng
thyt thyt phSm quan trpng nhit aia c i nude,
nhuhg l^i l i khu v y t cd nhiiu Idid khin nhat
trong ddi sdng v i tiin con dudng phit trien. Viec
phit trien v i n hda dpc d khu vut niy se c6 nhieu
khd khin v i cd tfnh d$c thii so vdi cie khu vyt
khic. NhOhg giii phip theo tdi l i can t h i ^ v i phii
hdp vdi dieu kien hlin nay ciia khu vyt Ddng
bing sdng Ci>lj Long cd t h i l i :

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<i><b>2.1. Phii CO cti che chinh sich hpp ly </b></i>
Ty trude den nay, td ehyc phit triin vin hda
dpe d ndng thon trong dd c6 khu vyt Ddng bing
sdng Ciili Long hiu nhy dydc khoin tring cho h i
thong thy viin edng cdng. Tuy nhiin, d i u t y ciia
nhi nude cho thy vien cdng cpng chi mdi den
dude vdi thy vien cap huyen. Sd phan v i ho^it
ddng eiia eae thy vien, phdng dpe saeh, tii sach
cap dydi huyin tiiy thudc v i o Idng "hao tam" cya

cie to chut doin t h i xa h^i, cac manh thudng
quin hoic sy ning ddng ciia thy vien cdng cdng
cap tinh v i huyin. Thiet nghi, nhffng ngudi din d
ed sd mdi that sy la ngudi cin va xiihg ding nhat
de dude hudng eie hoat dpng cdng fch nhy hoat
dpng thy vien. NhClhg nim gin diy, chydng trinh
t i i trd sich cho viing siu, vung xa dydc nhi nydc
thyt hien. Tuy nhiin chudng trinh niy van cdn
mang ti'nh thdi vy nin qui md, chat ludng v i hiiu
<i>qui chiia cao. Thep t i c g i i , phit tii^n vin hda </i>
dpe phii l i mdt ndi dung quan trpng trong bp tieu
chf xiy dung ndng tiidn mdi v i phii du'dc dim
bao bdi phip luat ve to chut v i the che. To chyc
va the ehi ve v i n hoa dpc d ndng thdn bao gom
mpt h i thdng thy vien v i khdng gian dpc sach
edng edng cd ngudn lyc thdng tin phong phu, ed
mdi tn/dng dpc hap din v i cd djch vy da dang
tudng thfch vdi dieu kien hoin canh eiia ngydi
dan. Can phai thiit lip mdt h i thdng phan phdi
<i>saeh CO chat lydng ve tui tudng, hpc thuat, phii </i>
hdp vdi ndng thdn, phii hdp vdi khi ning t i i
chfnh eiia ngydi dan. Nhi nyde phai dam bio
dude nhiihg dieu kiin can thiet de td ehyc v i
phat tiien van hda dpc: Phii cd ed quan cdng
quyen dac ti-ach viee khuyin khfch, ^nh hydng,
dieu chinh va dieu hinh v i n hoa dpe; Cd nguon
kinh phi chae chin va dyde cap phat kjp thdi; Cd
du'dng ldi, chinh saeh uli tiin cho viee phit trien
van hda dpc.

<i><b>2.2. Van dgng st/f ddng tinh cua toin xa </b></i>
<i><b>hdi </b></i>

Phai ed nhyng hoat dpng quang ba rdng rai
trong xa hdi v i vin hda dpc, lam ehP mpi ngddi
hieu ve van hda dpc, col van hoa doe nhy mdt net
"Thuin phong, my tyc" trong 161 sdng, trong sinh
hoat. Hoat ddng dpc sich dyde xem l i mot tieu
thuan ve pham chat dao diit ciia m5i c i nhan va

tiihg eOng dong. Phil dy^e xem l i thoi quen tdt
v i bd fch - phai l i mpt thii thydng ngoan tao
nha.

<i><b>2.3. Phit huy truySn thSng gia dinh Vi$t </b></i>
<i><b>Nam </b></i>

Anh hydng eiia gla dinh ddi vdi nhan each
sdng ciia m6l ei nhin d Viet Nam, nhit l i d viing
ndng thdn la r i t dam n^t. Giao dye dau tien ddi
vdi eon ngudi bao gid eung t y gia dinh, va ludn
tqio ra dudc nhiing diu an khd phai md vi viec
giio dye dydc thye hien tren ed sd tinh cim yeu
thudng. Viee giao dye thoi quen doc can phai
du'dc thut hiin t y gia dinh, Hien nay, d viing
ndng thdn Vi^t Nam ndi chung, va khu vyc Dong
bing sdng Ciih Long ndi riing, cac gia dinh phai
t i t bat kiem sdng hang ngay, rat khd de xiy dyng
mdt truyin thing dpe trong gia dinh, Vi vay, can
phai cd sy ho trd t y phia nhi nude v i toan xa hdi

de nang eao myc song eho ngydi dan ndng thdn,
<i><b>2.4. Thay doi ph&ting phip day va hgc ti </b></i>
<i><b>nha truing </b></i>

PhUdng phip day va hpc hien nay trong cac
nha trydng chu^ bat bude va khuyin khich hpc
sinh dpe sieh. Sau gia dinh, nhi trudng phai la
<i>ndi xay dyng van hda dpc tot nhat. O nha bn/dng, </i>
hpc sinh se dyde hydng dan ve viec chpn sich,
ve phUdng phip v i ky nang dpe, v i thai dp dpc,
ve muc dfch dpe... Mot khi hpc sinh da hinh thinh
dUdc van hda doc, thi khi Idn len, cac em se la
ngydi eo thdi quen dpe ben vijTig, v i ty do hoat
ddng doc bd thanh mdt hoat ddng quen thupc
eiia cdng ddng.

<i><b>2.5. Phat trien he thong thtf vien phuc vu </b></i>
<i><b>ndng thdn </b></i>

<i>Cac thy vien d ndng thdn phai trd thanh mpt </i>

trung tam vin hoa, mdt trung tam hpc tap cdng
dong, mpt dau cau de tiep ein tdi mpi nguon
thdng tin xa hdi, mdt mdi trudng nghi ngcfi, giai
tri linh manh cua cpng ddng. Can phai cd sydau
t y manh me bi' phfa nhi nude va xa hdi de cac
thy vien viing ndng thdn trd thanh dia chi hap
dan va ding tin eay nhat eiia nhin dan moi khi
hp can tn thye, ein thdng tin, ke ca moi khi ho
mudn nghi ngdi, ttiy gian, mudn hydng thu

nhyng gii trj tinh than, Muon nhy vay, thy vien

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ran du^c dau t y mpt ngudn lyc thdng tin hip
<i>d§n, phii hcfp vdi trinh dd nhin thye, nhu ciu </i>
cupc sdng, thj hieu ciia ngudi d i n ; Mdt mdi
tn/dng dpe hip dSn vdi khudn viin r$ng rai,
thoing mit, try sd khang trang v i ti§n nghi, sy
da d^ng v i djch vy tydng thich vdi thdi quen,
dieu kien v i hoin cinh song ciia ddng bio ndng
thdn viing Dong bing sdng Ciili Long.

<i><b>2.6. Cin phai cd mdt ddl ngu cin bd thU </b></i>
<i><b>vi$n ndng titdn ehuyin nghi$p </b></i>

Hien nay, ngudi lam edng t i e thy viin d viing
ndng thdn ndi ehung v i Ddng bing sdng CirU
Long ndi riing, mdt sd it theo c h i dd b i n ehuyin
trieh, phin ddng la nhyng "tinh nguy§n viin", hp
d i n vdi thy vien vi y i u thfch, vi sy tiin bd cua
cpng ddng khdng bien chi, khdng Iu'dng, khdng
dude huan luyin ve mit chuyen mdn. Diy l i mpt
dieu hit siJC nghich ly. Bdi l i , hoat ddng thy viin
viing nong thdn, do tfnh chit phyc t^p cua nd,
ddl hdi phii ed nhffng ein bp khdng ehi c6 trinh
dp chuyen mdn rao, nhieu kinh nghiem, ma edn
<i>phii h i t sdc tam huyet va rat ning dpng. Hp phii </i>
dydc d i o tap day dii va ehuyen biet de boat ddng
dyde d viing ndng thdn Dong bing sdng CirtJ
Long, trong do doi hdi nhieu td chat: Hda hdp
dyde vdi mdi trudng ti/ nhien, am hieu phong tyc,

tap quan, tihh cich cita ngudi dan Nam bp, ed
khi ning v i n dpng, chiu dytig dUde gian khd, ed
kha ning phin iihg nhanh vdi mdi trydng ludn
biin ddng. Nha nudc ndi chung va nganh thu'vien

ndi riing c i n phii ed nhDhg chfnh sich, c h i dO
del thu hiit dyijc nhOhg ngydi uu tii tham gla v i o
d$l ngO c i n bp thy vi§n phyc vy ndng thdn. Cie
cd sd d i p tgp v6 thy vi§n - thdng tin cin ed
<i>nhyng ehudng trinh huin luy^n riing d i p dng </i>

<i><3d(fc nhDhg diiu kien v i ddi hdi ciia hogt d0ng </i>

thy vi§n khu vye die biet n i y
<b>* K i t lu^n </b>

Phit triin v i n hda dpe viing ndng tiidn l i m$t
dgo ly m i toin x i hdi phii thye hl#n. Chudng
trinh x i y dyhg ndng thdn mdi dang d u ^ nhi
nude phit dpng trong tisin xa hdi. Chudng binh
niy s i khdng cd y nghTa n i u ngudi ndng d i n vSn
khdng thiit tha d i n sieh vd, d i n vi$c dpc sich,
bdi d i y i i con dydng nhanh nhit d i tiiay ddi t h ^
de ldi sdng v i miit sdng ciia ngudi ndng din,
thay ddi bp m$t ndng thdn Viit Nam.

<b>TAI U | U THAM KHAO </b>

1. Tham luin t^i Len hiip Thy vien Ddng bSng
song CiiU Long.

<i>2. Tuyin ngdn nim 1994 aia UNESCO ve Onf </i>

<i>viin cdng cdng U V i cdng t i c thy vien. Bd Vin hda </i>

- Thdng tin. - H.: 2002. - Tr 267 - 272.

<i><b>3. Vo Cong Nam. Phit triin vin hda dgc trong </b></i>

<i>thanh thiiu nOn trin dia bin Thinh phd Hd Qu </i>
<i>Minh: Oe t i l cip bd. - Tp. HCM; Dai hpc Vin hoa TP. </i>

HCM, 2012. - 221 ti:

<b>CHINH SACH DAU T U . . . </b>

<i>77^p theo trang 25 </i>
3. Phip lenh Thy vien, H.: Nxb Chfnh trj Quoe
gia, 2001.

<i>t. Quyit djnh so: 3425/2001/QO-BQP ngiy </i>

20/12/2001 ciia Bp tn/dng Bp Quoc phdng ve vlie
"Ban hanh quy djnh ve tieu chuan ddi sdng v i n
hoa, tinh than trong quan dpi".

5. Thdng h/ lien Bp s6 97/TTLB/VHTTTTDL-TC
ngay 15/06/1990 Bp Vin hda - Thdng On v i Bp
Tai chinh Hudng dan c h i dd quin ly t i i chfnh v i
chfnh sich dau t y eiia Nha nude doi vdi thu' viin

cdng cdng.

6. Thdng t i / liin tjeh sd
04/2002/TTLT/BVHTT-BTC ngiy 04/03/2002 giOa Bp Vin hda - Thdng tin
<i>v i Bp T i i ehfnh Sda ddi, bd sung mdt sd quy djnh </i>
t^i Thdng t u sd 97/TTLB/VHTTTTDL-TC ngay
15/06/1990.

7. Thdng tU llin Bd sd 30/TT-LB ngiy
26-7-1990 Bd Giio dye v i Dao tao v i Bd Tai chfnh
Hudng dan quin ly vdn sy nghiip <liu tU cho giio
dye phd thdng.

8. Thdng t y s6 67/2006/TT-BVHTT ngiy
10/8/2006 aia Bp Vin hda - Thdng tin hudng dan
phin h^ng va thyt hi$n chi do phy cip chut vu lint)
dao trong cie td chiit sy nghiip, djch vu cdng lip
ho^t ddng vin hda thdng tin (phan thy viin).

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