Sử dụng bê tông xi măng trong xây dựng cầu đường

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<b>XUAN NHAMTHIN -2012 </b>

<b>s d DVNG B l TONG Xi</b>

<b> M A N G</b>

<b> TRONG XAY DI^NG CAU</b>

<b> O O O N G </b>

<i><b>(Trich B^o cio cija Vu KHCN tai HQI thao </b></i>

<i>Lfng dung BTXM trong xay di/ng </i>
<i>cong trinh giao thong) </i>

1. T i n h h i n h p h a t t r i e n xay d u n g m a t
d u d n g BTXM t r e n the g i d i va Vipt N a m tQ
t r u d c tdi nay

<i><b>1.1.Tinh hinh Ung dung cdng nghg xiy </b></i>
<i><b>dgng mat dudng BTXM tren the gidi. </b></i>

Tu nhung nam 40 eua the ky trude ngUdi
ta da xay dung hang tneu m dudng BTXM
eae loai phue vu eho chien tranh, den thdi
diem nay hau het cac nudc phat tnen tren
the gidl da tap trung xay dung loai mat
dudng nay. Ty le eae dUdng true eua cac
nude nhu My, Phap, Nhat, Due... deu chiem
tu 20-30% bang BTXM. 6 Ao ke't ca'u dudng
BTXM ehie'm 2/3 tren tdng sd 14.000km
dudng d td eao tde. Trung Qude, Thai Lan
lao mat dudng nay cung chie'm tu 40-57,6%
cae dudng eao tde, dudng true ehinh.

Ve edng nghe: The gidi da gan nhu hoan
chi'nh ve phuong phap thie't ke, ve edng
nghe thi edng. Da nghien cuu san xua't cac

may thi cdng lien hdp hoan ehinh, eae cdng
nghe edt khe, va bao dudng cung da du'dc
nghien cdu dat yeu cau ky thuat rat cac.

Qua nghien edu thuc te tren the gidi da
chdng td dUde tinh hieu qua cua Icai mat
dudng BTXM va viec sd dung BTXM de xay
dQng cac cdng trinh giao thdng dang la mdt
xu hudng eho eae nude dang phat trien ap
dung.

<i><b>1.2.Tinh hinh xiy dUng mat dudng </b></i>
<i><b>BTXM d Vigt Nam. </b></i>

Giai doan trudc nam 1995: xay d u n g
cdc c d n g trinh d u d n g H u n g VUdng (Ha Npi
nam 1975, d u d n g Q u a n B a n h - CQa Ld
(Nghe An) nam 1979, q u d c Id 2 d o a n Thai

Nguyen - Bdc Can nam 1980, doan phi'c
Bdc c a u ChUdng DUdng (Ha N d i ) , san ba^
Ndi B a i . D a c d i e m c h u n g ve edng nghe la
thi e d n g cd g i d i ket h d p v d i thu cdng, ky
thuat tao khe bien dang gida cac ta'm don
gian.

- Giai doan sau nam 1995: xay dung eai
tao san bay Tan Son Nhat, san bay Ndi Bai.
Qudc Id I A tai mdt so doan ngap lut tu Vmh
den Ddng Ha fgan 100km), qude Id 12A,

tram thu phi cau Bai Chay, dUOng Hd Chi
Mmh nhanh phia Tay va nhanh Ddng (tong
sd 439km). Nhin ehung d giai doan nay cdng
nghe duqc phat tnen theo hudng eo g'di hda
ddng bd vdi cac thiet bi hi&n dai nhap ngoai.

Ngoai ra day cung da xay dung cac he
thdng dudng giao thdng ndng thdn b^ng

BTXM gia thanh ha. Quy ddi toan bd chung
ta ed dupe khoang hon 1113km chiem
khoang hon 2.5°o (sd lieu nam 2006).

Hien nay dang trien khai dU an dudng
Tuan tra bien gidi vdi chieu dai khoang

11000km sd dung ket cau mat dudng BTXM.

<i><b>1.3.Danh gia thuc trang ip dung </b></i>
<i><b>cdng nghg xiy dung mat dudng BTXMd </b></i>

<i><b>Vigt Nam. </b></i>

<i>a) Ve chat luong xay dung va khai thae </i>
<i><b>duy tu bao dudng </b></i>

Nhin chung chat Iupng m a t dudng tot,
dap dng yeu cau chiu tai trpng n a n g va trung
phuc (nhu cdc vj tri tram thu phi). Mpt so
doan da dUPe ddnh gid dap Lfng yeu cau

theo tieu chuan mat d u d n g B T X M cap cao
n h u dudng Hung VUdng (Ha Ngi) hay doan
tai trgm thu phf eau Bai C h d y .

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<b>XUAN NHAM THIN-2012 </b>

Mat dudng khd rdo, ma sdt tdt khai thdc
an todn ddc biet tgi ede dogn dudng eong ed
sieu eao Idn hay deo ddc.

Chi phf eho duy tu, bdo dudng, sQa
chQa thap.

NhQde die'm kem em thudn, dp dn Idn,
dp hao mdn Idp xe eao. Ngodi ra edn ed mpt
sd dpgn xud't hien ha hdng nha xud't hien nQt
ngang vd dpc, vd mep mpt sd tam mat
dadng, hdng khe eo gidn do ldo hda matis...
Mpt sd Iddng dudng giao thdng ndng thdn sQ
dung BTXM mde thap ddn den tde dp mdi
mdn nhanh, tudi thp thap.

<i>b) Ve he thd'ng tieu ehuin quy phgm thie't </i>
<i>ke vi thi cdng dUdng BTXM </i>

Bp GTVT da ban hdnh tieu chuan thie't ke
dp dung eho dadng BTXM : 22TCN 223-95;

Ben egnh dd ed the dp dyng ede tidu
chuan khde eua Bp Xdy dyng vd ede tieu

chuan thie't ke' eua nude ngodi (theo Thdng ta
sd 09/2005/TT-BXD ngdy 07/4/2005; thdng tU
sd 40/2009/TT-BXD ngdy 09/12/2009 eua Bd
Xdy dQng - nay Id thdng ta sd
18/2010/TT-BXD ngdy 15/10/2010 eua Bd Xdy dQng) eung
da dQdc trien khai kjp thdi tuy theo dieu kien ey
the eua tQng DQ dn.

ChQa ed tieu chuan thi cdng vd nghidm
thu hodn ehinh eho logi dadng ndy. Tuy
nhien vdi ede dQ dn xdy dQng mat dadng
BTXM ey the' (vdn vay nade ngodi, trong
nade) ed Quy djnh ky thudt thi edng rieng,
phij hdp trinh dp edng nghe, trang thie't bj
may mde thi edng eho tQng edng trinh py the.

Tieu ehuan thi edng ede Idp mdng mat
dadng : Bp GTVT da ban hdnh tieu ehud'n thi
cdng vd nghiem thu mdng edt gia cd xi
mang; mdng ed dd eudi soi gia cd xi mdng
(20TCN 245-1998 vd 22TCN 246-1998).

- Ngoai ra edn cd tieu ehuan 22TCN
210-92 trong dd cd npi dung dp dyng eho thi
cdng dQdng ndng thdn bang BTXM.

<i>c) Ve thiet bi vi cdng nghe thi cdng </i>

<i>- Cdng nghe vd thie't bj thi cdng be tdng </i>

dQdc hodn thien tQng bade den nay mpt sd
nhd thau xdy dQng d Viet Nam da ed loai
thie't bj hidn dgi nha SP 500, Gomaco
COMMANDER III... cd gidi hda ddng bd qud
trinh xdy dQng mat dadng BTXM ehd't Iupng
eao ddng thdi ede logi mdy mde k h i c phuc
vy edng nghe thi edng ed gidi ke't hpp thii
edng thfeh Qng vdi vide xdy dQng mat dQdng
BTXM d nhQng ndi dja hinh chat hep.

Ve kinh nghiem: dd ed qua trinh theo
ddi, phdn tfch, due ke't kinh nghiem xay
dQng logi mat dadng ndy d ede khdu thie't
ke, thi edng, tgo khe, bao dudng, hodn
thien be mat...

<b>2. Tiem nang va hi^u qua kinh te' - ky </b>
<b>thugt cua BTXM trong gial doan s i p tdi </b>

<i><b>2.1. Cic thugn lgi vi kho khan khi dng </b></i>
<i><b>dgng cong nghg xiy dgng mgt dudng </b></i>
<i><b>BTXM d nudc ta: </b></i>

<i>a) Thuin lgi: </i>

<i>- Ve vdt lieu, nhdn IQc: Theo Bp Xay </i>

dQng, hien tgi ehung ta sdn xud't dUde
khodng 35 trieu tan xi mang (binh quan
khodng 400kg/ ngQdi, gan bang Trung Qude

trdn 500kg/ ngUdi). Ndm 2009 dQ kien cd
nQde ed 18 dQ dn xi mang hodn thdnh xdy
l i p vd daa vdo san xud't ndng tdng edng sud't
cae nhd mdy dgt khodng 60 tridu tan vdo
nam 2010. Bd Xdy dQng dQ bdo tQ nam 2010
sdn IQdng xi mang da thQa khoang 5-7 trieu
tan cd the' xdy dQng dQde tren 300km dadng
BTXM rdng 7m. Cdc vdt lieu edt, da dam cd
san d nhieu ndi, ngudn lao ddng ddi ddo, dpi
ngu ky sa, cdn bd ky thuat, edng nhdn d mdt
sd ddn vj da dddc ddo tgo, ed kinh nghiem
thi edng mat dadng BTXM.

Ve thie't bj thi edng: ed ban da ed mdt
sd Iddng ddng ke' thie't bj hien dgi ddp Qng
yeu cau xay dQng mat dadng BTXM ehd't
IQdng eao theo tieu ehuan tien tien.

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<b>XUAN NHAM THIN 2012 </b>

Ve he thdng tieu chuan thie't kd, thi
cdng, nghidm thu, qudn ly chat lUdng: ed bdn
ddp Qng dQde yeu cau.

<i>b) Khd khdn: </i>

Xdy dQng mdt dQdng BTXM ddi hdi
ngudn vdn dau tu ban dau Idn hdn sc vdi
dudng nhQa.

Mat dadng BTXM hien dgi ddi hdi vdt
lieu xi mdng, cdt, dd, thdp... ehd't Iddng cap.

Yeu eau nen vd mdng dadng phdi dddc
gia cd tdt dd' trdnh nQt gay tam mdt dadng.

He thdng djnh mQc, ddn gid chp tQng
logi mat dadng BTXM chUa hodn ehlnh.

Mdt sd thie't bj thi edng hidn ed chaa
hodn todn ddng bd, edn thieu cdc bp phdn
hodn thidn be mat, dgt thanh truyen iQc, tgo
khe, tgo nhdm be mat...

<i><b>2.2. Phgm vi dng dgng xay dgng dUdng </b></i>
<i><b>BTXM phu hgp, CO higu qua d Vigt Nam </b></i>

Qua nghien cQu thQc te' trdn the gidi vd
kinh nghidm d Viet Nam eho thay mat
dadng BTXM phu hdp trong cdc trudng
hdp sau ddy:

Cdc dogn tuye'n tdi trpng ndng, luu
lUdng xe Idn, dudng tgi cdc trgm thu phL

Cdc dogn dudng deo ddc, dogn eong
ed bdn kfnh nhd, ndi ed thdi tie't khie nghidt,
dp d'm Idn, vung nui ed khc khan cho cdng
tde duy tu, bdo dadng.

Dogn dadng qua vung ngap lyt
nhung ydu cau phai gidi quye't dade nen
mdng cn djnh.

Dpgn dadng d vung ed syt trddt taluy vi
mat dadng BTXM cd dp cQng Idn, khdng bi
ha hdng khi tid'n hdnh gidi phdng dd't syt tren
mat dudng.

Mat dadng sdn bay, dQdng d td eao tde,
qude Id, dQdng tinh, dQdng giao thdng ndng
thdn d khu vQc phfa B l e vd mien Trung, ndi
cd san ngudn vat lieu cat, dd, nhdn cdng •

<b>Hoang NghTa Ti/ </b>

<i>^Mu mm nhd em. </i>

<i>Xa em, xa nhi, xa qud hUdng yeu diu. </i>
<i>Anh tdl Pak Ou lim dddng thuy dien </i>
<i>Mang theo minh bao ndi nhd thuong em </i>
<i>Mdt budi chidu Pak Ou do can mUa </i>

<i>Ndi nhd thuang em cing bung Idn dd ddi. </i>
<i>Ngdi ngim mUa rai mi Idng anh tg hdi </i>
<i>MUa rdt, mua roi, mUa tgo thinh ddng </i>
<i>Sdng Md Kdng rdng minh dm tit ci </i>
<i>Cdn trong anh </i>

<i>Ndi nhd thUOng em </i>

<i>Min ring mi ngudi ddgc. </i>

<i>Ghi chu: "Pak Ou"- la huy^n Pak Ou, tinh Luang </i>
<i>Prabang, nudc Cgng hoa DCND Lao(nai xay </i>

<i>dgng nha may thuy di^n Luang Prabang) </i>

<b>Le Hodi Minh </b>

<i>Maff thuyin ngdi tm </i>

<i>Ngdng ai ngdi tga mgn thuyen </i>
<i>Dgi ai sdng v6 ngi nghidng hdi ngudi </i>

<i>Ciu ca ddt rugt mdt thdi </i>

<i>Gidng hai din hdi ngudi Oi... cd ve </i>
<i>Lo tho ning dgc trien de </i>
<i>Lay phay mUa ddt Idi the cd may </i>

<i>Ao td thin ding true may </i>
<i>Quai thao ndn la co ciy que nhi </i>

<i>Cinh cd chdp trang trdi xa </i>

<i><b>Mgn thuyin ngdi tUa duyen ta, phan minh. </b></i>

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