grammar review english 9 grammar review english 9 i tenses be simple present s am is are present progressive s am is are being simple past s was were past progressive s was were

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Grammar Review-English 9

I

TENSES

BE

Simple present : S + am / is / are

Present progressive : S + am / is / are + being
 Simple past : S + was / were

Past progressive : S + was / were +being
 Present perfect : S + have / has +been

Present perfect progressive : S + have / has +been +being
 Past perfect : S + had +been

Simple future : S + will / shall +be

Near future : S + am / is / are + going to +be
 Note: Các hình thức tiếp diễn của <be> chỉ sử dụng làm động từ trợ.

Ordinary verbs

Tense

ACTIVE PASSIVE PHRASES OF TIME

Simple present S + V/Vs-es +(o)

S + don’t/doesn’t +V(O)
Do/does + S+V (O)?

S + am / is / are + PP Always,often,usually,sometimes
Seldom,never,frequently,every,
today ,Chân lý,thói quen,trạng thái
ở hiện tại..

Present

progessive

S + am / is / are + V-ing+

(O)

S+ am / is / are +

being + PP

Now,at

present,presently,currently,at the
moment,sự phàn nàn,kế hoạch ở

TL gần
Simple past S + V-ed / V2 + (O)

S + didn’t + V + (O)
Did + S + V + (O) ?

S + was /were + PP Yesterday,last,ago,this morning,in
the past,,this morning..

Past progressive S + was / were +V-ing + (O) S + was / were +

being + PP yesterday…,all(day,yesterday ,lastAt this time,at that time,at 7.00
month,last year..),from(Monday)to
(Sunday),the whole of(yesterday),

between…and…
Present perfect S + have / has + PP+ (O)

S + haven’t / hasn’t + PP…
Have / has + S + PP...?

S + have / has + been

+ PP… Just,already,recently,lately,ever/never…before,
Yet,since,for,until now,till now,up
to/till now,by far,so far…hậu quả,
số lần ,số lượng công việc,câu bắt
đầu bằng : It’s the first /second /

third time….
Present perfect

progressive

S + have / has been + V-ing
+(O)

S + have / has + been
+ being + PP..

Since ,for all the time,up to / till

now…

Past perfect S + had + PP + (O) S + had + been + PP.. Before,when,by the time,until +S+After,As soon as +Past perfect….
V(simple past), S+ V(past

perfect…
Simple future

S + will / shall + V + (O)
S + won’t / shan’t +V + (O)

S + will / shall + be +
PP..

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Will / Shall + S+ V +(O) ? doạ,sẳn lịng làm gì,nghề,,
Near future S + am / is / are + going to

+ V+ (O)

S+ am / is / are +
going to + be + PP..

Prediction(dự đoán)Prior plan(kế
hoạch đã được dự định)

Cấu trúc của thì <Near future> khơng được dùng cho những động từ di chuyển như :

go, come…(dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn thay thế)

Ex: I’m going to the movies tonight.

→

I’m coming to her house tonight

Some verbs are not used in progressive tenses:

Hear , believe , be, own, need, like, forget, see, understand, exist, posses, want, love, remember,
know, belong , prefer , hate.

II. Passive:

S + V + O

S + Be + PP + …by O

Be

:cùng thì ,cùng thể với động từ chính ở câu tác động

*Some special cases (Một số trường hợp đặc biệt ) (cần học thuộc)

I .Imperative sentences:

(Thể ra lệnh)

Form: V + Object + …..

→

Let + O + be + PP…
Eg : Pay the money here

→

Let the money be paid here

2. Causative form :

(câu truyền khiến)

Form: S + have + O1(sb) + V + O2(sth)

S + get + O1(sb) + to-V + O2(sth)

→

S + have / get + O2 + PP….+ by O1
Eg : I had him cut my hair yesterday

I got him to cut my hair yesterday

→

I had / got my hair cut yesterday.

3 . Verbs of perception :

(động từ chỉ tri giác ,sự nhận thức )

Form : S + V(see,listen,watch,smell,notice) + O + V / V-ing

S + be + PP + to-V / V-ing
Be : cùng thì với động từ tri giác

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4. Verbs of opinion

(động từ chỉ quan điểm,ý kiến)

S + say / think / believe / report + (that) + S + V + O…….
S1 + V1+ (that) + S2 + V2 + O……

→

It + V1(passive) + (that) + clause………

→

S2 + V1(passive) + to + V2(infinitive) +………..

→

S2 + V2(passive) + to have + PP
Eg:

1. People say that he is rich

→

It is said that he is rich

→

He is said to be rich
2 . People said that he was ill

→

It was said that he was ill

→

He was said to have been ill

5 . Need / want + to –V

→

S + need / want + V-ing / to- be + PP
Eg: People need to plant the trees

→

The trees need painting / to be painted.

6. S + make + O + V

S + make + O + V…..

→

S + be + made + to –V…..

Be :

cùng thì ,cùng thể với make

Eg : They made him work hard

→

He was made to work hard.

7 . Modal verbs : can, must, should…

S + Modal verb + V + O

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III.WISH

1. A wish about future

S + would + V

Eg: I won’t go to Da Lat

→

I wish I would go to Da Lat

2. A wish about the present :

S + V (past subjunctive)

Eg: She isn’t at the seaside now

→

She wishes she was /were at the seaside now.

3. A wish about the past : S + V(past perfect)

Eg: I didn’t go to the movies yesterday evening

→

I wish I had gone to the movie yesterday evening

IV. Reported speech

1. Imperatives

a. Affirmative imperatives:

V +…….

→

S + asked / told (O) + to + V +…..
 Eg: <Lend me the book>.She asked him.

→

She asked him to lend her the book.
b. Negative imperatives:

Don’t + V +………

→

S + asked / told + (O) + not to + V……

< Don’t wait for me > .He told me.

→

He told me not to wait for him.

2 .Statements:

S + said ( to) / told + (O) + that + S + V(lùi về quá khứ 1 thì)

< We will see you at the seaside >.They said.

→

They said (that) they would see me at the seaside

3. Yes-no questions:

S + asked(O) + if / whether + S + V(lùi về quá khứ 1 thì)

She asked me <:<Are you hungry? >

→

She asked me if /whether I was hungry

4. Wh-questions:

S + asked (O) + Wh-word + S + V(lùi về quá khứ 1 thì)
 Eg: < Where does she live ? >.He asked me.

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*Changes in tense

Direct speech

Reported speech

Present simple Past simple

Present progressive Past progressive

Past simple Past simple /Past perfect

Past progressive Past progressive /Past perfect progressive
Present perfect Past perfect

Present perfect progressive Past perfect progressive

Past perfect Past perfect

Simple future S+Would +V

Must Must / Had to+V

Time,Place,demonstrative

Direct speech

Reported speech

Time

Now

Today
Tonight
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Last night…..
Next + tg
Ago

The day before yesterday

Then / immediately
That day

That night

The next / the following day
The day before / the previous day
The night before / the previous night
The following + tg

Before

Two days before

Place

Here There

Demonstrative

This
These

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V

. Relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ)

1. Relative pronouns :Who ,Whom,Which,That,Whose

2 . Defining clauses (Mệnh đề xác định)

3. Non-defining clauses (Mệnh đề không xác định)

Defining and

non-defining

Defining

Subject

People

Things

Who
Which

That
That

Object

People
Things

Who / Whom
Which

That / Ø
That / Ø

Possessive

People
Things

Whose

Whose / of which

Whose

Whose /of which

 Defining clause: Cung cấp thông tin giúp xác định đúng người hay vật được nói đến. Đại từ

quan hệ làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ đi.

 Non-defining relative clause: Cung cấp thơng tin phụ ,khơng cần nó mệnh đề chính vẫn đủ

nghĩa.Cách mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.Khơng bỏ đại từ quan hệ .That không dùng trong
loại mệnh đề nầy.

V. Comparison of adjectives and adverbs

:

1. Absolute :(So sánh bằng)

Form: …. as + adj / adv + as

……not as / so + adj / adv + as

Eg : My sister is as intelligent as me
My house isn’t as big as hers.

2. Comparative :(So sánh hơn)

a. Short adj/adv

Form: Adj / Adv + er + than….
They work harder than me.
b. Long Adj / Adv

Form : More + Adj / Adv + than…..

Eg : This book is more interesting than my old one.

*

Các tính từ 2 vần tận cùng bằng -y,-ow,-er,-et ,-le thành lập so sánh hơn như tính từ một vần.

3. Superlative :(so sánh nhất)

a. Short Adj / Adv :

Form: The +Adj / Adv + est….

Eg:The Han is the longest river in DaNang.

b. Long Adj / Adv:

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Eg : Huong river is the most beautiful in Viet Nam.

*

Các tính từ 2 vần tận cùng bằng -y,-ow,-er,-et ,-le thành lập so sánh nhất như tính từ một vần.



Some special cases :(

Các trường hợp bất quy tắc)

ADJ /ADV

Comparative

Superlative

Good/well Better The best
Bad/badly Worse The worst
Many/much More The most
Little Less The least

Old Older/elder The oldest/eldest
Far Farther/further The farthest/furthest

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grammar review english 9 grammar review english 9 i tenses be simple present s am is are present progressive s am is are being simple past s was were past progressive s was were