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<b>I.</b> <b>FORM: </b> S + V + O
S + be + V3/ed + (by O)
Present S + is/am/are + V3/ed
<b>A: Tom eats a cake.</b>
<b>P: A cake is eaten by Tom. </b>
Past S + was/were + V3/ed
<b>A: The manager sacked us.</b>
<b>P: We were sacked by the manager.</b>
Future S + will/shall + be + V3/ed
<b>A: The mailman will deliver the letter.</b>
<b>P: The letter will be delivered by the </b>
mailman.
Present perfect
& past perfect
S + have/has + been + V3/ed
had
<b>A: The police have questioned me.</b>
<b>P: I have been questioned by the police.</b>
Present continuous
& past continuous
S+ is/am/are + being + V3/ed
was/were
<b>A: He was reading a book.</b>
<b>P: A book was being read (by him).</b>
Future perfect S+ will/shall + have +been + V3/ed
<b>A: We shall have received our degrees </b>
by next month.
<b>P: Our degrees will have been received </b>
by next month.
<b> Notes: </b>
– Chỉ có các ngoại động từ (động từ có tân ngữ theo sau) mới có thể chuyển sang thụ động.
<b>– Khi chủ từ trong các câu chủ động là I,He,She, It, We,You, They hoặc Someone,</b>
<b>Somebody, Nobody, People… khi đổi sang câu thụ động có thể bỏ by O.</b>
<b>1. Infinitive passive:</b>
<b>A: modal + V0 </b>
<b>P: modal + be +V3/ed </b> <i><b>A: I must buy a new pen.</b></i><b>P: A new pen must be bought.</b>
<b>A: V + to-inf </b>
<b>P: V + to be + V3/ed</b> <i><b>A: I need someone to finish this work.</b><b>P: I need this work to be finish.</b></i>
<i><b> This work needs to be finished.</b></i>
<i><b> = This work needs finishing.</b></i>
<i><b>A: I want all people to leave me </b></i>
alone
<i><b>P: I want to be left alone.</b></i>
<b>2. Perfect infinitive:</b>
<b>Modal + have + V3/ed </b> <b>Modal + have + been + V3/ed</b>
Should have been + V3/ed Đáng lẽ nên <b>A: Somebody should have cleaned the room.</b>
<b>P: The room should have been cleaned.</b>
<b>A: People seem to have solved the problems.</b>
<b>P: The problems seem to have been solved.</b>
Might have been + V3/ed Có lẽ
Would have been + V3/ed ắt hẳn
Must have been + V3/ed Chắc là
Could have been + V3/ed Rất có thể
Seem to have been + V3/ed Dường như
<b>3. Passive with two objects: direct object (things) & indirect object (people)</b>
o Ex1<b>: A: Someone gave Mrs. Lee an award. Someone gave an award to Mrs. Lee.</b>
<b> I.O D.O D.O I.O</b>
<b> P: Mrs. was given an award. An award was given to Mrs. Lee.</b>
o Ex2<b>: A: He told me a lie.</b> <b>P: A lie was told me. I was told a lie.</b>
<b> Note: some verbs with 2 objects: ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell, buy, give…</b>
<b>4. Passive with object complement:</b>
o Ex1<b>: A: This news made me sad. </b> <b>P: I was made sad by this news.</b>
<b> o.c</b> <b> o.c</b>
o Ex2<b>: A: I found you unhappy.</b> <b>P: You were found unhappy.</b>
<b> o.c</b> <b> o.c</b>
<b>5. Passive with perception verbs & verbs + V0: (feel, see, watch, hear, make, know, taste,</b>
smell, sound, notice…)
<b>A: S + V + O + V0</b>
<b>P: S + be + V3/ed </b>+ to-inf
o Ex1<b>: A: My parents made me do this work. P: I was made to do this work by my parents.</b>
o Ex2<b>: A: I’ve never heard him sing a song. P: He has never been heard to sing a song.</b>
<b> P: I’ve never heard a song be sung by him.</b>
<b>6. Passive with perception verbs & verbs + V-ing:</b>
<b>A: S + V + O + V-ing</b>
<b>P: S + be + V3/ed + </b>V-ing
o Ex1<b>: A: I saw him walking on the street. </b> <b>P: He was seen walking on the street.</b>
o Ex2<b>: A: I see her playing the guitar.</b> <b>P: She is seen playing the guitar.</b>
<b>P: I see the guitar being played by her.</b>
<b>7. Passive with gerund: </b>
<b>A:</b> V + V-ing
<b>P:</b> V + being + V3/ed
<b>o Ex: A: I don’t like people telling me what to do. P: I don’t like being told what to do.</b>
<b>8. Passive with “GET”: dùng khi biến đổi trạng thái; khi sự việc hay thay đổi hoặc bất ngờ.</b>
Ex1<b>: There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt.</b>
Ex2<b>: Our dog got run over by a car.</b>
<b> Note: GET + ADJ: angry, anxious, bald, better, big, busy, chilly, cold, dark, dizzy, empty,</b>
fat, full, good, heavy, hot, hungry, late, light, mad, nervous, old, rich, sick, sleepy, tall,
thirsty, warm well, wet, worse.
o Ex: I stopped working because I got sleepy.
<b> Expressions which are not passive in meaning:</b>
Get married get divorced get dressed get changed
<b>9. Stative passive: diễn tả 1 tình huống hoặc trạng thái đang tồn tại.(khơng có hành động)</b>
Ex: The door is green.
<i>MAI THỊ HỒNG VÂN (095.8838566)</i>
S + be + V3/ed <b>+ O.C + by O</b>
GET + V3/ed
Be + Adj
<i>Ex: The door was locked by me 5 minutes ago. </i>
The door is now locked.
<b> Notes: – Dùng giới từ (prepositions) – không dùng by</b>
<b>o Ex: I’m interested in Chinese art.</b>
<b>o Ex: He is satified with his job.</b>
<b>o Ex: Ann is marries to Alex.</b>
– Một số câu khơng có ở dạng chủ động:
o Ex: I don’t know where I am. I’m lost.
o Ex: I can’t find my purse. It’s gone.
o Ex: I’m finished/ done with my work.
<b>10.Passive with “that clause”:</b>
<b>A: </b> S + V + (that) + S’ + V’ + O’
<b>P: </b> It + be + V3/ed+ that + S’ + V’ + O’
S’ + be + V3/ed + toV’ (cùng thì)
to have + V’3/ed + O’ (≠ thì)
<b> Note: những động từ thường dùng với mệnh đề “that”: </b>
know, think, say, believe, consider, declare, report, allege…
<b>o Ex: </b> People say money brings happiness.
<b> It is said that money brings happiness.</b>
<b>Money is said to bring happiness.</b>
o Ex: They allege that he kicked a policeman.
<b>It is alleged that he kicked a policeman.</b>
<b>He is alleged to have kicked a policeman.</b>
<b>11.Causative passive:</b>
<b>A:</b> Have S.O + V0 + S.th
<b>P:</b> Have + S.th + V3/ed
Ex: <b>I had a boy clean my shoes.</b>
<b> I had my shoes cleaned.</b>
<b>A: </b> Get S.O + to-inf + S.th
<b>P:</b> Get S.th + V3/ed
Ex: <b>I got the boy to clean my shoes.</b>
<b> I got my shoes cleaned.</b>
<b>12.Be supposed to:</b>
<b>a. Be supposed to = be said to</b>
o Ex: Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good.
<b>b. Be supposed to = It’s planned; arranged; expected</b>
o Ex: I’m supposed to be meeting Ann at 8:15’ p.m.
o Ex: The train was supposed to arrive at 11:30’ but it was an hour late.
o Ex: You were supposed to clean the window. Why didn’t you do it?
<b>c. Be not supposed to = it’s not allowed or advisable for you to do it.</b>
o Ex: You are not supposed to park tour car here. It’s private parking only.
o Ex: The patient isn’t supposed to do any heavy work.
<b>13.Imperative passive:</b>
<b>A:</b> V + O <b>A:</b> Never/don’t + V + O
<b>P: Let O + be + V3/ed</b> <b>P: Let O + never/not + be + V3/ed</b>
Don’t let + O + be + V3/ed
o Ex: Write your name on the paper, please.
<i><b> Let your name be written on the paper.</b></i>
o Ex: Don’t open the gate if you see strange people.
<i><b> Let the gate not be opened if you see strange people.</b></i>
<i><b> Don’t let the gate be opened if you see strange people.</b></i>
<b>A:</b> (Don’t) let + Pro + V0
<b>P:</b> (Don’t) let + reflexive Pro + be +V3/ed
o Ex: <i><b>Let us go, please. Let ourselves be gone.</b></i>
o Ex: <i><b>Don’t let him follow her. Don’t let herself be followed by him.</b></i>
<b>14.Passive with verbs: advise, be, order, urge, recommend, agree, decide, demand, be</b>
determined, be anxious…
<b>A:</b> S + V + O + to-inf + O’
<b>P:</b> S + V + O + that S’ + should be + V3/ed
o Ex: She advised me to sell my motocycle.
<b> She advised me that my motocycle should be sold.</b>
<b>15.Questions in passive:</b>
o Ex: Who bought this hat?
(By) whom was this hat bought?
o Ex: Who did you meet yesterday?
Who was met by you yesterday?
o Ex: Are they going to build a new school here?
Is a new school going to be built here?
o Ex: Did you buy that book?
Was that book bought by you?
o Ex: Have your parents met him before?
Has he been met before by your parent?