Đặc điểm ngôn ngữ của đầu đề bài viết trên "Nhân dân nhật báo" Trung Quốc

5i4(246)-2016

NG6N NGC & Ddi S6NG

37

NGOAI NGC VOl BAN NGO]

D^C DIEM NGON N G C CUA DAU DE BAI VIET
TREN "NHAN DAN NH^LT BAO" TRUNG QUOC*
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE
IN CHINESE RENMINRIBAO'S HEADLINE
D 6 THJ THANH HUYAN
(TS; D$i hpc Ngo^i ngfi', DHQG Hd Nfi)
Abstract; This paper uses research methods of quantitative analysis and the method of
described corpus, analyzing the characteristics of the language fa Renminribao articles, mcludmg
lexical, grammartical and rhetorical features, in order to fmd out the common characteristics of
language used in this famous newspaper.
' Key words: headlines; Renminribao; language features.
L Mddiu
Bdi vilt n4y chi ylu t ^ hung vdotimhilu v4
' fla"tif) •14bpph|nhftucocuaidcphimb4ochf',cd diu tifn AT.*. Z»> JWl* &So, bao gim cdc * i
ikha ndng "khai qudt dupe nfi dung cia cd bdi bdo ffi^i viti vyng, ngtt phdp vd mft sofliiphdptatii
ttoim mft ciu tiic ngdn ngtt dinh danh xdc dinh, IhudngxuathipL
|ichuSimyc,ngingpnvdcdthicdsicbilucdm"[l].
Phuong phdp n^&icyu chinh dupe si dyng 14
jTrongtiingTnmgQuici&idlbdibdodupcvivdi phdntichdph lupng, ket hpp phuong phfc md t4
"ddi mit" (RH), "linh bin" mm cua bdi bdo. " f ^ J ^ * « "= ã**ô f '!?" "> * t ^
;Dingvdy,diu.dlkhangdingn^vdipdtricua * ^ t S ' , | : ^ . S " «
™ " ^ ""^

toan bf tdc phim bdo chi, nhung nd 14 nhan ti diu
Vdi ting si 372 d b dl chinh (184tintiong
tiftitiqicfn vdi dfc gid, cd vai 6d "giiji dfc gid lya
nude, 188 tin quic ti) ttfn cdc hang nhit v4 ttang
'chpn" dpc hay khdng dpc. Cd thi ndi khdng ngoa
tin ( ^ te,tiong30 Id AAdn Z)^ A?.4r Ado thdng 9
ling vifc <^ ^ de cd vj tri vd cing quan trpng, cd
ndm 2014, chung tdi dd tiln hanh i^lSntichv4 Flit la
tinh "qi^ dmh sopihgn cia bdi Mo"[l]. Bdi vdynhihig nft d|c trung trong cdch si dyng ngdn ngft
(mft bdi vilt liay cin cd mft dau dl h ^ din, cd Hid diu df bai viit tien Mm Z)(V. M.^ ^ nhu sau:
: ndng tiiu hit sy chi y cia dfc gid.
2. D$c diim si^ dyng t i ngft
II iVteZMn ATi^Mo (AKBSRenmiiribao)
11. Cdch sd: dfing danh tir
^14 td bdo ngay nfi dung ting hpp quan tipng nhat, Chung tdi chia cdc daiih t i f&ipc khdo sdt didnh
,,si hipng phdt hdnh Idn nhat tten ldnh flii Tnmg 4 lo^: danh ti chi ngudi vd sy vft (Chi ^ch ^^-M,
.'Ouic. Mm 1992, Nhdn Ddn Nh^ bdo dupe
chinh phi ftflf, tpa (Bm S ^ ^ ,flidnhphi SEtt
Unesco cdng nhfn 14 mft trong mudi td bdo quan
...X danhtirdil (^ dian (Hidi Lan # B , Bdc Khih
' 'tnjng nhittidntillgidi. Nhdn Ddn Nh^ Mo Id ca
Niquan ngdn ludn cua Ban chap hdnh Tnmg uong ibm~), danh ti chiflidigian (haitiiinMM, hdm
iiDdng Cfng sdn Tnmg Quic, dupe xuit bdn ten nay -^^, tuong lai ^^...), v4 danh t i phuong vj
tS, sau In, hudng_ ddng_ &.f^...) .p, tr. 11].
jjtoSn till gidi vdi si lupngtiir3 din 4tiieubdn. (ttudc
,
.
.^Ngodi phi&i bdn chinh IdtilngTrung Quoc, bdo Trong ting si cdc danh til/cym danh ti dupe khdo
.jndy cdn cdphien bdn cia nhieu thitiengkhdc nhir. sat, danh t i chi ngudi vd sy vft xuit hifn vdi tin
'tieng Anh,tiaigNhat, tiing Phdp,tilngTdy Ban suit cao nhit, ting cfng 675ti!6nting si 760 danh

'Nha,tiingNga vdtilngAldp.Td bdo ndy cung cip tit, chiim 89%.
Unhungflidngtintiyctiqivlcac chlnh sdch vd quan
Ll do Aipc ching tdi dua ra Id:ttongflidid^
/idiem cia Dang Cfng sdn Tnmg Quic [7].
ngdy nay, nhu ciu cua hiu hit dfc gid 14 ndm \&


NGdNNGCADfnsbNG

38

thdng tin mft cdch nhanh d x ^ vd hifu qud. Hp
quan tam tdi dip dn cia edu hdi; "Ai 1dm giT vd
"Cai ^ nhu till ndo?'. Cau tid Idi ndy dd hdm chia
nfi dung tiidng tm chmh cia bdi bdo. Cdc ylu t i
khdc nhuflidigian, t:^ dion,.. .hiy khdng xult hifn
tiong & i dl nhung khdng h i dnh hudng tdi chit
lupngflidngtin ^ipc truyin tdi tdi dfc gid. Vi dy:

(1) ^j&'f^si.m^m&m^g:

(12^/2014):

l i p Q n Binh+hpi kila+Ting fliingNga Pittin.

(2) #143>)SƠằ^:itli|!-ôca(l/9fl014):
Qudn dfi Iraq+gianh lai+mft Ihanh phi phia bdc.

(3) m&w^n^mymM^^

o^muy.

Ti dlic CUnh Hi H i ^ thuong Tnmg Quic + ti diiic
+tpadani.
(4) S I ® , S t ^ a a a ^ f l l l ^ J S (11/9/2014):
Mia, thay doi+so [di^ trd em n^)6o.
Cdc vi dy iron diu tid Idi cho edu hdi "Ai 1dm
^ ? " (vidy 1-3) hode "Cdi ^ nhu till ndote s a o r
(vi du 4). Diu dl tuy khdng cd sy xuit hifn cia cdc
danh t i dii didi gian hodc dia diim, nhung vin thi
h i ^ id id.^ d ^ d i nfi dung chinh cia bai tia
Mft dian dang chi ^ nOa Id, vdi nhttng ldnh d9o
nhd nude nil tiliig (nhit 14 ldnh d ^ Tnmg QuicX
cdch ddng tiyc ti^ t&i ngudi khdng kem theo chic
danh, chic vy Id rat phi b i ^ (vi dy 1). ( ) % , fliay
vl dung cym danh t^ vdi d ^ d i tgn vd chic vy
"Chi tich Tiung Quic Tip C ^ Binh", danh tir chi
t&i r i ^ ' T i p Cfn 6hih" dupe ding tiyc tiq) tai vj
tri d i i ngtt. Tuong ty nhu vdy trong cdc vi dy sau:

(5) ^^sn^HkM&mmm-^i^
(2S/2014): Ly Khic Cudng + hfi ddm vdi + Thu
tudng Riimani Ponla.

(6) ^Mm-^w.^mn-^mmmn^
(11/9/2014): Tmong Cao Lf + tiip + Thing die
bang Texas My.
Trong cde vi dy tifti, cac cym danh tii " I h i
tiling Trung Quic Lj Khdc Cudng^' v4 "Phd flii
tiidng Trung Quic Truong Cao Lf" dupe ding

tryc ti^ d d ^ g hp ten bong tilng Tnmg Quic.
ZZ Cdch sir d{u^ dgng tir
Dfng tit ttong ti&ig Tnmg Quic fliudng dupe
chia flidnh 6 loji chinh: 1/dfng tii chi hojit dfng
(tiep -kH, fllam dy ttilS, khdng kich S ^ , budc
J5H1, nhan manh fSia...); 2/dfng tii tam II flnh
cdm (ydu g , lo idng fi'lj, quan ngji g t t , hi
vpng 4&M...); 3/dfng til chi sy xuit hifn h ( ^

S i 4 (246)-2016'|

bi6iniit(cd#,dffi, diet ?Et:.„);*dfng tft qj|
hf (Id ft._); 5/dfng tir ndng nguyfn (cin S ^ ^
phdi iBSS, cd flll oltb,...); 6/dfng l i dii xu hu«n
(vdo ift, ra Hi, Bn ± , xuing T...) [ 3, tt 13]. Ito
fliing kf cia chung tdi, trong ting si 60S d ^
tu/eym dfng tii dupe khdo sdt, tin suit s i dinf ^
cdc dfng ti/eym ^ n g t i neu tioi lin lupt§
540/605; 2/605; 23/605; 13/605; 15/605 vd IWi
Nhu v|ty, d^ng dfng tii Aipc s i dyng nhieu liDiid
lddfngtiCchiho^dfng,ehi^tdi89%.Vid|i: ...

(7) *Jsiii^ja*E»i<'^%««ffl (i2«(2af:
(Luu Vdn Son + ti^-I-dodn d^i bieu Bdng Cfng lii
Cuba)

(8) &mmn&mpik^m^im.m

(smn

M^bmf quan sy Phdp + khdng kich + tichdcMii
nu(^ Hoi gido eye doan Iraq.
(?) ^ 3 : ^ " A m " i 5 f f l ^ « - # (69/2014>
Ukraina gia nh$p EU + budc + budc quan tr^iig
/Ukralna gia hh§p EUfliihifn budc ti^ quan I^Hi^
Van vft ttong till gkli quanh la ludn d tnng m
flie vdn dfng v4 phdt trial, vd mft trong nhihig dl&
ndng nhifm vy quan trpng hdng diu cda tin tit
IrSn bdo clil Id phdn dnh mft cdch khdch quan vi
chdn fliyc xu flll iy. Diu dl bdi bdo hon bao git
hit cin flll hifn mft cdch sing dpng v4 cMi
thyc sy vfn dfng cia cdc sy vft hifn tuvii
tixmg thi gidi quanh ta, md phuong thic lii{«
qud nhit dmih 14 s i dyng nhftng dfng tii cUl^
dfngcythl.
^
Z3.Cddi sit dyt« tinh tir
Tinh t i tiong tiaig Tnmg Quicfliudngitigc
chia 14m 3 lo^ chinh nhu sau: 1/tihh tii chi tUi
chit (dung edm S ® , rfng Idn r S , tit ft xS
ii;,...); 2/tinh t i chi trjng tiidi (tidng muitSS,
ehim chdm ttfi...); 3/tfah tir chi si hipng bit
djnh (nhiiu ^ , it ^ , tit c4 :^, * F ^ lit nhien,..)
[3, tt 15]. Theo fliing ka cia ching tdi, tin ail
s i dyng cia cdc tinh t i tifn tiong diu di iVM
Ddn Nhgt bdo lin lupt flieo ti If sau: 39/6!,
chiim 60%; 17/65, chiim 26% v4 9/65, chiii
14%. Trong s i cdc tinh tft dupe dingflfltinhtJ
chi tinh chit chiim da si. Vidy:

(10) i.-km.mnmns:rm

(ywmn

Tuong lai cua T i chic hpp tdc phdt friln Thugni
Hdi + rfng Idn/Tuong lai rfng md cda Ti dil
hpp tdc phdt t r i ^ Thupng Hdi.


Sl4(246)-2016

(11)

NGON NGC* & Ddi S6NG

um^minu^-^\t-^'EM.

(17/9^14): Kinh di6c ba con cuOc s ^ mdi n g ^
thera+tit
(12) SifRStiP*:. RHW^^
(25/9/2014)-Xdn
:^6 mdi, tdc [dnng di^+dmSn.
I Cac tinh tCr dugc diing trong cdc vi du tt€n nhu:
< i ^ Idn r ^ , tit ^ , diuan IE, dki la nhOng tinh
tir chi t ^ chat cua si^ v§t h i ^ tugng.
> Chuc nSng quan tr^ig cda bdo dif la jihin s ^
Jnhfjng thugc t&ih co b ^ nhCtng d ^ tmng cua s^
!v^ hi$n tucmg, nl^im dran lai cho d$c gid cdi n l ^
idiSn tfivic, ro n& vd song dgng vl Ihi p6\ ben
n@3ai. V

)s^ v|it, h i ^ tugi^ tinh tur dii tinh d i ^ hodn to^ c6
iidil dkn nhi€m tot vai tid n ^ . Tren bdo chi ft khi ta
diay nhung each d i ^ ^ ni5m rd, ddi dnig, ft ttinig
jlljn. Bdi v^y, nhiing t&ih tu chi trang thm, mang ^m
ichat mieu td thufmg it &sgc diing. Tuong t^r vdy,
•1^1^ vi su: d i ^ cua nhimg tinh tir b i ^ thj s6 u6c
i:lupi^ ciit^ tuong dSi h^n diS, bcri driing dl dan l^i
icho ngii6i dpc cam gjdc ma hb, chung diung,
qkhraig ididng.
I, 3 . D $ c d i a n i ^ p h d p
t 3.1. B^ diim kit edu

39

cdm gidc chdn divic, s6ng d ^ ngu6i divic v ^
ftv>c> Trong khi d6, cau >i ngO" tfrih tur ^ucoig diing
de mini td tr^i^ 1h^, tbih diit cua sy v$t hifn
tupng, cung drnih bdi d ^ t&ih d6, edu vj ngQ tfnh tiJr
thudng tiiu tupng, de dran Ifd cdm gjdc Ididng cy
XZSitdi^dducSu
N^)di dfing thdc ' ^ i * va "cdmtiidn",thi hiu hit
cdc ( m dl bao dii diu Minig sur ( ^ ^ diu diim
cuoi cau: Hon nfia, "dau hdi" ^ vd diu diim flian
(!) cung dirge (&ig hit S(3K: h ^ dil, trong p^i^m \i
dviingtdi khdo sdtdil c6 hai vf dy dudi ^ y :

(i5)3ia^h5!.

"jj^Bm^^-^n^ifi

(4/9/2014): Ngo^i giao kilu N^ 'liinh d^o tilr ^
sau" sg trd n ^ ph6 birai?
(16) Pifi^'^,
^ ! (9/9Q014): Ngudi ftay
nii^c|u£,D^!
Dmi hdi d£tng d culi cau b i ^ thj ^ n ^ van.
Trong ^a dl bdo chf, vdi cddi sur dyng n ^ tiJr
n g ^ gpn, xdc tidi, b ^ c^nh tdc dyng bioi thj s^
nghi, diu hdi cdn dupe ditoig dl nhan m ^ nhdm
fliu hut dOc gid. Tdc ^ ^ ldi&) 16o dua ra m$t \ 4 i
de cdn ^ n g hodi nghi, 6ang tranh c ^ din dit d$c
0k vdo m$t vin dl cin [didi siiy ngmn lya dipn \k
II Clu trOc d b de bdi bao ft H h^n da^ n8n tuong
^doi jhoag phCi da dang, iid c6 th^ Id mgt edu (cau tim cau tid Idi cho chfnh minh.
MOt s6 diu cSu khdc tiiudng g|p trong ( ^ dl
|don ho$c cau phdcX ni$t ngQ; mOt ti)r ho$c m$t k ^
^ CO # i h . K ^ qud phdn tich thdng kg ( ^ dl bdi bdi bdo bao g ^ : diu n g t ^ iatp, diu jdi^, diu
vi^ ti&i Nhdn Ddn Nhgt bdo cho thiy, ciu triic
Dau ngo$c k ^ 6ipc siJr dyng r ^ iSi tnmg £ ^
d^ng c§u dcm ( c ^ gpi Id cau tnk chd vO d i i ^ ti 1^
^ cao, chiim 81% (300 trgn tong s6 372 diu dl); dl bdi vilt tr&i JVfe&i IMn M ^ MD S nhin m^nh,
jciu triic danh d ^ i ^ d i i l m 17% (danh ng& 19, n h ^ Idm n ^ b$t did thi bo$c d6i tupng ch&ih
/jdpng ngQ 46), cau tr6c dudi d^ng cSu p h ^ vd cym trong ^ d l , v f d y :
(17) "ffifi&"i»#iJ:ffi)l£^^W=^ (\J9/2Ql4y.
tCr c6 V6i nhihig tin qu6ctl, cau true did ^^F*»^ win 6 Tmhtiian"Hai Ididng sp" + lam cho T ^ Tgng diJtng
W cao hon. dgt 162/188 dau dl, chian 86 % Vf vOn^boi sinh I t / T^ng.
"dy:
(18) ^-kmrn^nftm^-^mzm^^^"
li (13) ^^W{-m^M%^nM

(24/9/2014): (3/9/2014): Liai hpp quoc de xudng vifc xdy dvmg
i'Chfah i^id Ba Lan nhifm ki m6i || tuym thf nh|m
"Vdnh dai kinh tl Con didi^ to Ivia" xanh.
Echuc.

I (14) ^^mn^mmt^m^^^^n^

(

(19)

Mm.^^mm^^m^^n^"p^^

W (8/9/2014): IMn minh cdc quoc ^ A-r^ k»i ^ i
fe7/9/2014: Lien hgp qu6c II keu gpi cong dong quoc t^
ddng cac bifn [ ^ diinh tri quSn sy d i ^ 1^1 'To
dumg t ^ chong lai djdi b ^ Ebola.
If Ben canh d6, chiing toi nh§n thiy c&i vj ngit diiJrc nhd nude H6i gido".
Dau i ^ y trong Su dl tiiudng dupe dung de
ii^ng tir diipc di^g phS bien hon cau vj ngS t&ih tiJr.
ilChiing t6i dio idng, v] ngtt d^ng tit thudng gidu [jiSn tadi cdc thdnh jdian cd driic ndng tuong
hinh dnh, khi sur dvmg 1dm ^ deb^ bdo de don l^i duong trong cau. Tiiy nhien, trong diu dl bdi bao


40

N G 6 N NGff & Bin S 6 N G

diu phiy ddi liic dupe ding di dlia cdch giOa chi
tigI}vdvingi.Vidy:

(20) mmt. B^iRXwmtts (9/9/2014):
I^iola, khong chia cit niitinhflian
Cung cd ddi Wii vaitidcia diu iJiiy dupe fliay
t^ng diu cdch, vi dy:
(21) t g i a B i S a W T (1/9/2014): Khdc ghi
Ijch s i Tidn trpng hda l^nh
Dau gach ngang ddi C
) dupe coi 14 ti€u
chl dl nhdn bi^ diu dl jdly, dupe dung vdi myc
dich,fliujltminh, niM Id, bi sung cho ( ^ de chlnh,
vidy:

—-T&nm^&^&-&mX:ki&iL so m^:k
^ ^ i S f f l t t (69/2014): Ddn chd Mian dan 14 ng(?i
cd Ddng Cdng sdn Trung Quic luon gmcRig cao——
Qudn lii$t sdu sictinhtMn cia bdi phdt bilu lai Li ki
ni|ai 60 ndm thdnh Idp Quic hpi Tnmg Quic cda
ding dii 1|pC|n Binh.
4. Ddc diimtilt i
Vdi vai Ird Id td bdo Sdng tinh n^iiem tic,
chuan myc hidn dupe d i itipngtiongcdch dua tin
ti6i MAi Ddn A ^ MD. Ngdn n ^ dingtiong(&i
de bdi bdo ludn flieo sdt ngi^^ tdc n ^ e m tic v4
chlnh xdc vl mdt flidng tin, phdn dnh trung thyc
nhing tin tic sy ki$n mang tinhflidisy. Khdng cd
nhiiu flii phdp tu t i dupe s i dyng tiong cdch d^
( ^ dl eho bdi viit trentiangbdo ndy. Tuy n h i ^
chung ta vin cd thitimfli^m$t s i ^ hung tu t i
rit r i ^ d dd, vl dy nhu cdch <^tieudl theo kieu

dii xiing dupe s i dyng tuong dii tri^ dl Irong ( ^
de bai vilt lien/WKVI £1(71 A ^ 6do:
(23)WJE'H * J E i l WiEM: Vung H cuong
Dungngi^^tfic ChuinIdcphong

s i 4 (246)-2016

di ndy cd flll phdn dnh mdt cdch khdch quanvl
chdnfliycndi dung bdi bdo, vi dy:

(25) 5IiaƠiÊKô*HAS'reô:fe^Miii
jaƠ>:^JiSôôSi#iiS3Sii
i t * H # f i t t # i A ® t & S S i i e S (W/2014>
Phdt bi^ tai Li kl n i ^ 60 ndmflidnhl$p Quic htl
Tnmg Quie cua ding dri Ifp C|n Binh nUn mgnh
Ti^ tic Uln t) vd horn iM^i cA^ dtSfin'ii^
Qu^AiSf Kien tri [Mt triin XHCN mang dUc lie
IhmgQuSc
Trong diu dl bai bdo, Ihi |didp tu t i in dy ciing dSi
khi dupe ddng:
(26) mi='^S.Mn'f&^
"•^Wir (11/9/2014)
T i "-1^$!:' (t?m djdi 14 "dri&ig"),dupe ddng i
chl con cdi (img d chung vdi bi m;, Idp gia dinh vl
tdch la sing ri^ nhung d ddy ddngtit" ^ ^ Iji
dupe ding dl chl sy chia tdch d$c 1^ cia ScotlfliKl
ra khdi Vuong quic Lioi h i ^ Anh Id England OS
till fliiy, Scodand dope coi nhu m^t "dda mf
flidnh vHa ticaig gia dmh Vuong quie LlSn Uh
Anh

*
5. Kitlu^n
Thdng qua phdntich,ting hpp nhihig ddc diii
nii bdt trong cdch s i dyng ngdn ngit diu dl bii vii
tifti MidR ZXvi M ^ ddo Tnmg Quic, cdfliithiy ti
bdo ndy lit chi ^ Idi v i ^ ddt d&i di nhim nSng cao
hi$u qud chit lupng cia bdi bdo ndi ri€ng vd ti b&l

ndi chung.
*Nglaincdundydtt(VhocitdiSBAvdisirbdott
IhidngBfdhgcNgocingii; Bgihgc^tScglah
trong de Ida ma so IS.14.01, vdngudntdnhpM^tiV
tUQi^&eimA,
T A I LI^U THAM K H A O CHfNH
1. VO Quang Hao (200% Ngin ngU bio chl, M.
i
(24) M.n^mtmimmmMiiL cmmu)-. IhdnglK
2.
BiliiltmiiiHiigkiQOlUBlinvldilcdihm
Phyc hung con dudng to lya chung ti^ x ^ dyng flil
i^Miv>^>^i>i>MiSnii»i,T/cNgSnnglIvdSilii^l
Cdch # i & i d e n i ^ c d s y h d i h d a v l d m t i ^ 10.
3. mm,
«»«.a«Rig(T«)iMi.i9i^
gidu nh^c difu, ldnh dnh, de t^o diu in thu hit dQc
gid. Cacflidnhphin dii xing chia cdch nhau bdng «tH)lgtt.2001.
4. mvm. diu cdch trong vdn bdn.
SrM1tt:l?-.2010(10).
iS ^ d b ( £flieoliitiichdan cung Id flii phdp til

5. Wttie.eHiSiS[Ml.«»Ep«g.2001. '
t ifliudngxuit h i ^tientiangnhit ATuvi Z)^ iW)^
6. w a s «)gi6iftiii.»3eis. 1991(4). i
bdo. Thdng thudng, Idi Irieh din Idi ndi cia Idiih
7.AgHwebsile:\»\»w.iie«iiile.com.ai21/10Mli. '
dao Ddng vd Mid nude Trung Quic. Cdch ddt diu