Tài liệu Longman Phrasal verbs Dictionary_ Chương 2.5 docx

ICE
I
ICE
iced, iced, icing
~ down
I I
ice down
I~
AmE
to cover an injury with ice in order to
stop it from swelling: Make sure you ice that
ankle down as soon as you get inside.
ice over
I
ice over
I
if the surface of something ices over, it
becomes covered with ice: The lake had iced
over by the next morning.
be iced over (=be covered with ice)
In
some places the road was iced over and
cars had skidded.
*
SIMILAR TO:
freeze over
-
I
ice up
I
if something such as a window or a machine

ices up, it becomes covered or blocked with
ice so that it cannot be used or cannot work
properly: My windshield was icing up and I
could hardly see the car infront.
I
The aircraft
plunged to earth after its engines iced up at
35,000 feet.
*
SIMILAR TO:
freeze up
IDENTIFY
identified, identified, identifying
identify with
1
I
identify with
I
sb/sth
I
to feel able to understand someone's charac-
ter and feelings, especially because they
seem similar to yours in some way: Young
readers can easily identify with Helen, the
main character in the story - she
s
a very ordi-
nary teenager.
I
Most of us willfind it difficult

to identify with the sufferings of a heroin
addict.
:z
I
be identified with ~
to be considered by many people to have a
close connection with someone or some-
thing: Fats Wailers name came to be identi-
fied with a unique style of jazz.
I
Religion has
often been closely identified with politics.
3
I
identify (yourself) with
I~
to consider yourself to be part of a group that
256
has a particular set of beliefs: Not all trade
unionists were ready to identify with the
Socialist Movement.
I
politicians who wanted
to identify themselves with reform
IDLE
idled, idled, idling
I
idle away ~ ~
sth
I

away
I
to spend time in a relaxed way, doing noth-
ing: Natasha would sit idling away the long
summer days by the river.
I
youths idling their
time away on street corners
*
SIMILAR TO:
while away
IMBUE
imbued, imbued, imbuing
imbue with
I
imbue
I
sth/sb
I
with ~
USUALLY PASSIVE
formal
to fill something or someone with a
particular quality or feeling: All Yeats' poetry
is imbued with a sense of mystery.
I
They are a
people deeply imbued with national pride.
IMMERSE
immersed, immersed, immersing

immerse in
1
I
be immersed in
I
sth
I
to be completely involved in an activity or in
thinking about something, so that you do not
pay attention to what is happening around
you: We were so immersed in aur business
that we almost forgot about our families.
I
On
the drive back home Victor sat immersed in his
thoughts.
*
SIMILAR TO:
be wrapped up in
:z
I
immerse yourself in
[sth
I
to take part in something so that you become
completely involved in it: Jane was happy to
immerse herself in the African way of life.
I
After his wife
s

death Brosnan immersed him-
self in work on television movies.
IMPACT
impacted, impacted, impacting
I
impact on
I
sth/sb
I
to have an important and noticeable effect on
something or someone: How have long work-
ing hours impacted on the health and morale
of junior doctors?
I
This is one of the ways in
which advancing technology has impacted on
aircraft design.
*
SIMILAR TO:
affect, impact
AmE,
have an
effect on sb/sth
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IMPINGE
impinged, impinged, impinging
• Impinge upon is more formal than impinge
on and is mostly used in writing.
I
impinge on/upon ~

formal
to have an effect on someone or some-
thing, especially in a way that limits some-
one's freedom or forces them to change their
behaviour: There is concern about new police
powers that may impinge on the rights of pro-
testers.
I
The change of government scarcely
impinged on ordinary people
s
lives.
*
SlMILAR TO:
affect
IMPOSE
imposed, imposed, imposing
impose on/upon
• Impose upon is more formal than impose
on and is mostly used in writing.
1 impose a tax/fine/sentencel
ban etc on
sth/sb
to officially order that something must be
taxed, that someone should be punished ete:
There were rumours that the government was
considering imposing a tax on books.
I
The
Soviet Parliament imposed a ban on all strikes

that would affect the economy.
I
A £32,000
fine was imposed on Nigel Mansell, following
his failure to stop at the Portuguese Grand
Prix.
:z
~th
I
on/upon ~
to make someone have the same ideas or
beliefs as you, by influencing them strongly:
Spanish missionaries imposed the Catholic
faith on a people who had their own religious
tradition.
I
parents who impose their own
moral values on their children
*
SIMILAR TO:
force on/upon
3
I
impose on
Iill
to unreasonably expect or ask someone to do
something for you when this is inconvenient
for them: We could ask them to let us stay the
night, but I don't want to impose on them.
IMPRESS

impressed, impressed, impressing
impress on/upon
• Impress upon is more formal than impress
on and is mostly used in writing.
I
impress
[501
on/upon ~
to make someone understand clearly that
257
INDULGE
something is very important, especially that
it is important to do something: Eisenhower
was careful to impress upon his officers the
need for absolute secrecy.
+ that It had always been impressed on
Alice that she must tell the truth.
IMPROVE
improved, improved, improving
improve on/upon
• Improve upon is more formal than improve
on and is mostly used in writing.
I
improve on/upon ~
to do something better than before or to
make it better than before: Bertorelli has
scored
165
points, and I don't think anyone
will improve on that.

I
New advances in radio-
therapy will enable us to improve on existing
treatments for cancer.
IMPUTE
imputed, imputed, imputing
impute to .
1
I
impute
I
sth
I
t~
sb/sth
I
formal
to say or believe, often wrongly, that
someone or something has a particular qual-
ity, feeling, or meaning: Some literary schol-
ars have imputed a different meaning to
Blake
50
famous poem.
:z
limputel~sb/sthl
formal
to say, often unfairly, that someone is
responsible for something bad that has hap-
pened or to say that something has caused it:

The police were not guilty of the violence
imputed to them.
I
In their official report on
the accident they presented evidence without
imputing blame to anyone.
*
SIMIlAR TO:
attribute to
INDULGE
indulged, indulged, indulging
-
I
indulge in
I
sth]
to let yourself do or have something that you
enjoy, often something you feel you should
not do: 300,000 people nationwide indulge in
a heavy drinking session every week, accord-
ing to figures released yesterday.
I
I heard
about a new diet that claims you can indulge
in chocolate and all your other favourite foods
and still lose weight easily.
I
They stopped off
in Fort William to indulge in some leisurely
shopping.

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INFLICT
INFLICT
inpiaed, inpiaed, inpicting
inflict on/upon
• Inflict upon
is more formal than
inflict on
and is mostly used in writing.
1 ~
on/upon
§]
to talk about your beliefs or opinions to other
people in a way that seems boring or annoy-
ing, especially because you expect them to
accept that what you say is right: He shou/dn
't
try to inflict his beliefs on everyone else.
*
SIMILAR TO:
force on/upon
:2 ~
on/upon
§]
to make you have to spend time with some-
one who seems very boring - often used
humorously: I wish she wouldn't insist on
inflicting all her family on us at Christmas!
3
I

inflict yourself on
1i!iJ
to visit or spend time with someone when
they do not want you to be with them:
"Sorry to inflict myself on you again." "Don't
be silly, Stephen. Come in and have a drink."
INFORM
informed, informed, informing
inform on
ALSO
inform against
BrE -
/£ - _
I
inform on/against
§]
to tell people in authority about something
dishonest or illegal that someone you know
has done - use this especially about a criminal
or prisoner telling the police about the activi-
ties of other criminals or prisoners: Carlson
and Gamy were arrested in September I996
when a member of their gang informed on
them.
I
Robbins must cooperate with police by
informing on his former business partners.
*
SIMILAR TO:
grass on

BrE in(ormal
INFRINGE
infringed, infringed, infringing
infringe on/upon
• Infringe upon
is more formal than
infringe
on and is mostly used in writing.
I
infringe on/upon ~
to limit someone's freedom or take their rights
away from them: Some students believe the
new law infringes upon their freedom of expres-
sion.
I
Stevens said his plan would keep guns
out of criminals' hands, without infringing on
the rights of law-abiding citizens.
*
SIMILAR TO:
restrict, limit, encroach on
(ormal
258
INFUSE
infused, infused, infusing
infuse with
~ sth
I
with
I

sth
I
(ormol
to fill something with a particular feel-
ing or quality, especially a good one:
Rousseau infuses his writings with a spirit of
revolutionary romanticism.
be infused with sth (=contain a lot of a
particular feeling or quality) Pollock's work
is infused with raw energy and talent.
INHERE
inhered, inhered, inhering
-
I
inhere in
I
sth
I
formol
to be a natural part of something that
cannot be separated from it: Foucault main-
tained that the culture of a society inheres in
its language.
I
Death inheres in the world, and
is a trait of all living things.
INJECT
injeaed, injeaed,
injecting
inject into

I
inject ~th
I
into ~
to add a good quality such as excitement or
enthusiasm to something in a way that
improves it: Better communication between
management and staff has injected new enthu-
siasm into the workforce.
I
It is hoped that a big
leisure centre will inject new life into the town.
*
SIMILAR TO:
add to
INK
inked, inked, inking
linkin~ ~
to complete something done in pencil by
drawing over it in ink: I've just got to ink in
the bottom part of the picture, and then it'll all
be finished.
INQUIRE
inquired, inquired, inquiring
I
inquire after I~
(ormal, especially BrE
to ask how someone is or
what they have been doing: Mr. Collins
leaned over and inquired after Joe, who he

hadn't seen in months.
*
SIMILAR TO:
ask after
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inquire into
ALSO
enquire into
BrE
1
I
inquire into ~
formal
if a committee or a person inquires into
something, they look for more information
in order to decide if, why, or how it hap-
pened: The FAA is inquiring into last week's
plane crash off the coast of Long Island.
I
The
Football League appointed a commission to
inquire into alleged illegal payments by the
club.
*
SIMILAR TO:
investigate
2
I
inquire into ~
formal

if you inquire into something, you ask
if it is possible and get more information
about it: I am writing to inquire into the pos-
sibility of working in your Houston office this
summer.
I
inquire of ~
8rE
to ask someone a question about some-
thing: "Have you any family?" she inquired of
Mr Oaks.
I
"Are you sure it's all right to
smile?" he inquired of Rose anxiously.
*
SIMILAR TO:
ask
INSINUATE
insinuated, insinuated, insinuating
I
insinuate yourself into
I~
especially literary
to gradually gain someone's
trust, by pretending to be friendly and sin-
cere: Dara delights in insinuating herself into
other people
's
lives, then turning those lives
upside down.

.*
SIMILAR TO:
worm your way into sth
INSIST
insisted, insisted, insisting
insist on/upon
• Insist upon
is more formal than
insist on
and is mostly used in writing.
I
insist on/upon ~
to demand something or demand to do
something because you think it is important,
and refuse to accept or do anything else
insist on doing sth Guy insisted on paying
for the meal, so I offered to cook him dinner
some time.
insist on sth The big Hollywood stars often
insist on having their own personal body-
guards with them.
*
SIMILAR TO:
demand
259
INTERFERE
2
I
insist on/upon ~
to behave in a particular way and refuse to

behave in a different way, especially when
other people think that your behaviour is
surprising, annoying, or may cause some-
thing bad to happen
insist on doing sth He insisted on bringing
his dog everywhere with him.
I
If you insist
on carrying cash, beware of pickpockets.
I
I
wish she wouldn't insist on calling me
Chrissy-poos.
INSURE
insured, insured, insuring
I
insure against
I
sth
l
to do something to reduce the risk of some-
thing bad happening to you: One way of
insuring against big losses is to invest your
money in several different companies.
I
Police
powers should be increased, to insure against
further violence in the streets.
*
SIMILAR TO:

guard against
INTEREST
interested, interested
interest in
1
I
interest ~
to try to persuade someone to do something,
often to buy something: The salesman was
trying to interest him in one of the more
expensive models.
I
The child's mother tried to
interest him in playing with a toy car, but he
just carried on crying.
2
I
Can/Could I interest you in ~
a used when trying to persuade someone to
buy something: Can I interest you in one of
our new discount phone cards?
b used when politely offering something to
someone, or when asking them if they want
to do something with you: Can I interest you
in some dinner? We could go to Gino
's
for a
pizza.
INTERFERE
interfered, interfered, interfering

." I
interfere with
I
sth
I
to prevent someone from doing something,
for example their work or their studies, or to
prevent something from making progress:
Students should not work so many hours that
the job interferes with school work.
I
He
refused to let his illness interfere with his
duties as President.
I
Even quite low levels of
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INTERSPERSE
lead can interfere with a child's mental devel-
opment.
I
worries that the bombing campaign
could interfere with the peace process
2
I
interfere with ~
BrE formal
to have sex with children or touch
them in a sexual way: He was put in prison
for interfering with his daughter.

*
SIMILAR TO:
molest
3
I
interfere with
I~
BrE
to threaten to harm someone who is
going to give evidence or decide if someone
is guilty in a court of law, in order to influ-
ence them: The trial ended suddenly, and
many people thought the witnesses had been
interfered with.
*
SIMILAR TO:
get at
4
I
interfere with
I~
to deliberately damage something so that it
does not work properly: Accident investiga-
tors believe that the car's brakes may have
been interfered with.
I
Police say the thieves
managed to interfere with the bank's alarm
system.
*

SIMILAR TO:
tamper with
INTERSPERSE
interspersed, interspersed, interspersing
be
interspersed with -
I
be interspersed with
I~
to include something in various places or at
various times: The magazine's editorial fea-
tures are interspersed with pages and pages of
advertisements.
I
Tomorrow there will be
sunny periods in the south, interspersed with
occasional showers.
INURE
inured, inured, inuring
I
be inuredlenured to ~
to have become so used to something
unpleasant that you are no longer upset by it:
Have
we
become so inured to suffering that we
don't think to help people in need?
I
Being a
lawyer inured him to the injustices of the

criminal code.
*
SIMILAR TO:
be hardened to sth
INVALID
-
I
be invalided out
I
to be officially allowed to leave a job, espe-
cially in the army, navy etc, because of injury
260
or illness: Her father joined the Irish Guards,
but was wounded and invalided out in 1917.
+
of
After four years in the Royal Artillery,
Dignam was invalided out of the army and
went straight to the Arts Theatre.
INVEIGH
inveighed, inveighed, inveighing
-
I
inveigh against
I
sblsth
I
formal
to criticize someone or something
strongly: Lady Somers inveighed against the

"disgusting language and intolerable man-
ners " of some of the younger members.
INVEST
invested, invested, investing
-
11' I
invest inI~
to buy something that you think will become
more valuable over time so you can sell it for
a profit: If you invest in stocks and shares, you
need to realize that their value can go down as
well as up.
I
Jones had made a small fortune
by investing in Internet companies in the early
1990s.
I
Many companies are starting to invest
in China, where there are potentially huge
new markets.
:2
1
invest in
1
sth
I
to buy something because it is very useful
and it will be worth the money you spend:
It's wise to invest in a good pair of running
shoes before beginning long distance training.

3
I
invest
§8
sthlsb
I I
invest in ~
to spend a lot of time, effort, money etc try-
ing to make something or someone success-
ful:
Robin
's
father had invested so much in her
athletic career that she didn't want to disap-
point him.
I
Hie need to help parents invest in
their children.
4
I
invest ~
USUAllY PASSNE
formal
to give someone official power or
authority to do something: the constitutional
power invested in Congress to declare war
*
SIMILAR TO:
be vested in
1

I
invest [
sb
I
with ~
USUALLY PASSIVE
formal
to give someone official power or
authority to do something: The Court is
invested with the authority to decide constitu-
tional cases.
:2 ~
with
I
sth]
USUAllY PASSNE
formal
to make someone or something seem
to have a particular quality or character: The
painting is invested with an air of mystery.
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