Nguyên tắc tập trung dân chủ trong tổ chức và hoạt động của Đảng cộng sản Việt Nam

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OANG LANH OAO CONG CUOC OOl MOI

NGUYiN TAC

T A P

TRUNG

D A N

CHU TRONG TO

C H D C

VA HOAT

D O N G C U A

DANG

C O N G

SAN VIET NAM

PGS, TSKH PHAN XUAN SON*

D

ang ta, ngay tir nam 1930 da dugc td
chirc va boat ddng theo nguyen tac
tap tmng dan ehii. Trong Dieu le, thdng qua 
tai Dai hdi II (1951) neu rd: Chii nghTa Mac 
-Lenin la nen tang tu tirdng ciia Dang; tap
tmng dan chii la nguyen tac td chirc va sinh
hoat can ban ciia Dang; phe binh, tu phe binh
la quy luat phat trien ciia Dang; phuc vu nhan
dan la muc tieu boat ddng ciia Dang. Nhung
ndi dung co ban nay dugc kliang dinh tai Dai
hdi III ciia Dang nam 1960.

Dai hdi IV (1976) da phan tich toan dien
nguyen tac tap trung dan chu chi rd, tiiuc hien
tnet de nguyen tac tap the lanh dao, ca nhan
phu trach trong cap iiy. Tao mgi dieu kien can
thiet de mdi cap iiy vien cd the tham gia day
dii vao viec ban bac, quyet dinh cac chii
truong; dinh rd nhiem vu, quyen ban va frach
nhiem cu the cua timg ngudi.

Dai hdi nhan manh: y thire td chirc, ky luat la
dieu kien ddi hdi dau tien ddi vdi mdt chien sT

cdng san. Ludn ludn giir virng su doan ket,
thdng nhat, khdng dung thir bat ky bieu hien nao
cua chu nghia be phai. Dang coi sir chia re be
phai trong Dang la mdt tdi ac nang nhat ddi vdi
* Hgc vien CT-HC qudc gia Hd Chi Minh

each mang. Su thdng nhat ciia Dang bieu hien
ra "Ddng Id moty chi vd chi mot md thdi"\

Ve tu tudng, su doan ket, thdng nhat trong
Dang dua tren co sd chii nghTa Mac - Lenin.
Sir thdng nhat ve tu tudng dugc bao dam bang
sir thdng nhat ve td cbire, nhd dd ma thdng
nhat trong hanh ddng. Che do tap tmng dan
ehii (thay vi ndi nguyen tac) dam bao virng
chac cho sir thdng nhat ciia Dang.

Dang ta nhan manh: "Doan ket, thdng nhat
khdng cd nghTa la khdng cd thao luan, tranh
luan. Trai lai, chinh thao luan, tranh luan mdt
each dan chii la tien de va phuang phap khdng
the thieu dugc de thuc hien doan ket va thdng
nhat. Che do tap trung dan chii khdng ban che
tij: do tu tudng; nd ddi hdi va bao dam cho tat
ca dang vien cd quyen ban bac va tham gia
quyet dinh cdng viec ciia Dang, cd quyen
trinh bay frong td chirc Dang y kien ciia minh
fren mgi van de thudc ve lgi ich each mang.
Viec phat huy den mu-c cao nhat quyen dan
chii, tri tue va sir sang tao ciia mgi dang vien

la mdt trong nhirng bao dam quan trgng cho
sire sdng ciia Dang"".

Mdi quan he giira hai mat tap trung va dan
chu dugc bao cao chi rd: "dan chii phai dudi
sir chi dao tap trung; dan chii day dii nhat phai

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D A N G L A N H D A O CONG CUOC DOI MOI

ket hgp vdi tap trung cao nhat; hai mat ay lam
tien de cho nhau tao thanh ban chat cua che do
tap trung dan chii... "^.

Khi Dang trd thanh dang cam quyen, dae
biet la sau ngay giai phdng mien Nam thdng
nhat dat nudc, thue hien nguyen tac tap tmng
dan chii trong Dang cd quan he vdi viec thuc
hien nd trong td chirc van hanh Nha nudc,
frong lanh dao va quan ly kinh te - xa hdi. Vi
vay, Dai hdi V da thdng qua mdt van kien
rieng ve cdng tac xay dung Dang (Bao cao ve
xay dung Dang) trong dd cac quan diem ve
thuc hien nguyen tac tap tmng dan chii dugc
phan tich rd rang, day du va md rdng ra trong
toan bd cac ITnh vuc boat ddng lanh dao ciia
Dang. Bao cao cho rang vi pham nguyen tac
tap tmng dan chii la lam suy yeu td chirc
Dang, la mdt trong nhiing nguyen nhan roi
vao te quan lieu, vi pham quyen lam chii ciia
nhan dan.

Nguyen tac tap frung dan chii trong dieu
kien dang cam quyen la phai dam bao cho
dudng ldi, cac nghi quyet ciia Dang, cac chinh
sach ciia Nha nudc phan anh dugc tinh hinh
thuc tien va nhu cau chinh tri ciia nhan dan.
Ddng thdi, cac quyet sach cua Dang, ke hoach
ciia Nha nude phai dugc triet de chap hanh;
phai dua tren co sd xac dinh rd che do trach
nhiem quan ly giija ca nhan va tap the, giiia
Tmng uong va dia phuong, giira cap tren va
cap dudi. Nguyen tac tap trung dan chii ddi
hdi phai bao dam vira cd ky luat chat che, vira
cd dan chii rdng rai va dan chu ciing phai
nham tao nen sire manh eiia td chiic, tinh ky
luat ciia td chirc.

De thuc hien tdt nguyen tac tap tmng dan
chu phai chdng bao thii, quan lieu, chii quan.
img hd sang kien ciia cap dudi, ciia co so.
tdng ket tir thuc tien de ddi mdi co che quan
ly, sira ddi cac chinh sach, che do.

Bao cao phe phan tinh frang tu do vd ky
luat bieu hien d mdt bd phan td chirc Dang va
dang vien, dugc the hien ra khdng chi trong
sinh boat dang ma cdn frong viec chap hanh
phap luat ciia Nha nudc. Trong dieu kien
Dang cam quyen, vi pham phap luat Nlia
nudc cung cd nghTa la vi pham nguyen tac tap

tmng dan chii: "Giu gin ky luat ciia Dang,
chap hanh phap luat Nha nudc la bat budc ddi
vdi mgi dang vien, la van de thudc tinh dang,
khdng cd ngoai le""*.

Mdi quan he giira tap trung va dan chii la
van de phire tap ve nhan thirc ly luan va thuc
tien: "Chiing ta nhan rd rang mudn cd ky luat
chat che thi phai md rdng dan chii that sir.
mudn cd tap tmng tdt thi phai phan cap dimg,
chi cd CO che quan ly diing thi mdi cd ky luat
that chat che""\ Dang vien phai "chap hanh
nghi quyet mdt each diing dan va sang tao".
Ky luat ciia Dang bao gid cung phai tren co so
phat huy dan chii ndi bd. Nhu vay tap tmng
dugc xac dinh tren co sd dan chii, cd dan chii
thuc su thi tap tmng mdi cao, mdi tao dugc
muc tieu cho dan chii. Dan chii hinh thirc thi
su thdng nhat ve muc tieu, td chirc, ky luat ciia
Dang chi la hinh thirc, la dat tdt cho chii nghTa
CO hdi, thdi ninh hdt, bg dd, gid chieu nao che
chieu ay, keo be keo canh, bang mat khdng
bang ldng, mat doan ket... Hien tirgng tu do
vd ky luat cd khi bat ngudn tir chd ra quyet

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DANG LANH DAO CONG cuoc 001 MOI

dinh khdng chinh xac, khdng tien hanh tren co
sd dan chii.

Tliue hien nguyen tac tap trung dan chu
lien quan den trach nhiem cua ngudi ra quyet
dinh (tap the hoac ca nhan). Neu ngudi ra
quyet dinh khdng chiu trach nhiem gi ve
quyet djnh dd thi se dan tdi tap tmng quan
lieu, chuyen quyen, ddc doan, se dan tdi tiiy
tien, thanh kien, trii dap ca nhan, hoac la thdi
vd frach nhiem tap the "Cha chung khdng ai
khdc"... Dai hdi V yeu cau can de cao trach
nhiem cua ca nhan va frach nhiem ciia tap the;
khdng the keo dai tinb frang vd trach nhiem.
Khi lam rd frach nhiem can thi hanh ky luat
neu sai pham va khen thudng neu cd thanh
tich, ky luat va khen thudng phai binh dang.

Dgi hdi VI cua Ddng Id Dgi hdi vgch ra 
dudng ldi ddi mai. Tai Dai hgi VI, Dang ta da 
danh gia nghiem khac vai ti'd lanh dao ciia
Dang, quyet tam nang cao nang lire lanh dao
va sire chien dau cua Dang len mdt tam vdc
mdi, dap ung yeu cau ciia cdng cudc ddi mdi.
Dang ta nhan dinh: "Song tit ca nhung gi da
lam dugc va chua lam dugc cung chimg td
rang su lanh dao cua Dang chua ngang tim
nhung nhiem vu cua giai doan mdi. Dang
chua dap img dugc yeu cau trong viec giai
quyet nhieu van de kinh tl - xa hdi, trong
phong each lanh dao va ca trong viec ren
luyen pham chat can bd, dang vien"''.

Ngudn gdc sau xa ciia sir chua ngang tim
ay, nhu Dai hdi VI da kliang djnh la do nhiiu
nam cdn coi nhe va cd khuyet diim trong
cdng tac xay dung dang. Dk tac ddng quyit 
dinh den su phat trien ciia each mang nudc ta.

Dang phai ddi mdi nhieu mat: Ddi mdi tu
duy, trudc bet la tu duy kinh te: ddi mdi td
chuc; ddi mdi ddi ngii can bg; ddi mdi phong
each lanh dao va cdng tac. Dai hdi xac dinh
rd: "Tap trung ddn chu la nguyen tac quan 
frgng nhat chi dao mgi td chiic, sinh boat ndi
bd va phong each lam viec ciia chiing ta"^.

Dai hdi VI da cu the hda nhirng ndi dung
ciia nguyen tac tap trung dan chii trong dieu
kien ddi mdi dat nudc, ddi mdi tu duy va
phong each lanh dao cua Dang. Nhirng ndi
dung dd la:

- Lap lai ky cuong, ciing cd ky luat. Nhan
manh ndi va lam theo nghj quyet, sang tao,
nang ddng phai tren co sd dudng ldi, chinh
sach. Co quan lanh dao "phai nam vung
quyen chi dao tap trung, dieu hanh thdng
nhit".

- Tang cudng su lanh dao tap the, md rdng
sinh boat dan chii, nham dap img dugc yeu
cau giai quyet nhieu van de mdi me va phire

tap ciia cdng cudc ddi mdi, tdng ket nhung
kinh nghiem phong phii ciia co sd va dia
phuong, y kien khac nhau ciia quan chiing,
chuyen gia va can bd khoa hgc.

- Nang cao chat lugng sinh boat cua cac
cap iiy.

- Day manh tu phe binh va phe binh la quy
luat phat trien ciia Dang.

- Sira ddi phong each lam viec, sau sat
thuc te.

- Thiet lap che do thdng tin nhanh chdng,
chinh xac, cac co quan lanh dao phai cd dugc
thdng tin day dii ve van de minh phu trach
trudc khi quyet djnh.

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D A N G L A N H OAO CONG CUOC 0 6 l MOI

- Tang cudng cdng tac kiem tra dang.
Nguyen tac tap tnmg dan chii dugc khing
dinh qua cac ky dai hdi cua Dang la nguyen
tac td chire va boat ddng co ban ciia Dang,
Nha nudc ta, ciia toan bd he thdng chinh tri
dat nudc. Ban chat ciia nguyen tac dd la:

Tap trung la muc tieu va tinh thdng nhat 
frong td chirc va boat ddng ciia Dang.

Ddn chu la sir tham gia ciia dang vien vao 
quyet dinh cdng viec ciia Dang.

Rd rang day la hai van de quan he bien
chimg, neu khdng cd muc tieu xac dinh rd
rang, khdng cd sir thdng nhat trong mdt he
thdng td chirc phuc tap, chat che va ky luat
lam CO sd cho thdng nhat hanh ddng, thi su
tham gia ciia dang vien dii nhiet tinh, rdng rai
den dau cung mat phuang hudng, vd nghTa.
Nhung neu khdng cd su tham gia rdng rai cd
tinh quyet dinh ciia dang vien (ndi rdng ra la
dang vien gan vdi phong trao each mang ciia
quan chiing nhan dan) thi khdng thuc hien
dugc bat ky mdt muc tieu nao ciia Dang, dii
muc tieu dd cd tdt dep den dau va dugc xac
dinh dimg dan den dau. Hon nira su tham gia
rdng rai va day dii (dan chii) ciia dang vien se
giup Dang xac dinh muc tieu dung dan, chinh
xac (la nhiing van de nhu cuong ITnh, dudng
-ldi, chien lugc, sach lugc) va cung chi tren co
sd xac dinh dimg dan muc tieu mdi cd sir
thdng nhat thuc su ve td chirc, y chi va hanh
ddng ciia toan Diing.

Che do tap tmng va che do dan chii ket hgp
lai trong mdt nguyen tac "tap trung dan chu",
tuy quan he vdi nhau nhung khdng phai la
mdt. Che do tap trung thudng la nhirng van di

lien quan din khudn khd cho td chiee vd hogt 
ddng cua Ddng. Nhu vdn di cicang ITnh, 
dudng ldi chiin luac, sdch luac, cdc quyit 
dinh (nghi quyet) vd tinh thdng nhdt trong hi 
thdng td chirc cua Ddng. Vi vay nd dugc 
quyet dinh bdi cac co quan lanh dao ciia
Dang, tire la dai hdi Dang cae cap va dai hdi
dai bieu toan qudc va giiia hai ky dai hdi la
Ban chap hanh Tmng uong va cac cap iiy.
Giiia hai ky dai hdi. Ban chap hanh (lanh
dao) quyet dinh cac van de ciia Dang theo
nguyen tac tap the lanh dao, ca nhan phu
frach va phai xac dinh rd quyen ban, frach
nhiem, phai chiu trach nhiem nhirng van de
ma minh quyet dinh va phu trach. Khdng xac
dinh dugc trach nhiem giira tap the lanh dao
va ca nhan phu trach se lam cho nhieu ca
nhan khdng tuan thii nguyen tac tap tmng
dan chii, sa vao tap trung quan lieu, vi pham
dan chu, tiiy tien, vd nguyen tac, ca nhan chii
nghTa trong sinh boat dang.

Kill vi pham nguyen tac tap tmng dan ehii
frong smh boat dang thudng bieu hien ra la te
quan lieu, tham nhiing, chii quan, bao thii,
chuyen quyen ddc doan, vd trach nhiem, tu do
vd ky luat; dinh cao la chii nghTa co hdi.

Tat ca nhung te nan tren deu cd ngudn gdc

la xa rdi thuc tien dat nudc, xa rdi vdi phong
frao each mang ciia quan chiing, khdng chu y
lang nghe y kien, khdng iing hd sang kien ciia
quan chiing, ciia cap dudi.

Tu tudng bao thii thudng cd ngudn gdc tir
nhieu mat: do khdng thau sudt dudng ldi ciia
Dang, thieu nhay cam vdi cai mdi, khdng sat
thuc tl, xa rdi quan chiing, khdng lang nghe y

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D A N G L A N H DAO CONG CUOC DOI MOI

kien ciia can bd. dang vien, ciia quan chiing,
hoac cd khi do chii quan, tii man dan den chd
khdng nhay ben, thieu sang tao, khdng chap
nhan sir sang tao tir ben dudi, va frong nhieu
trudng hgp la khdng tu giac, thudng la do
thieu kien thirc ma lai it hgc tap.

Trong ITnh vuc kinh te, bao thii va quan
lieu the hien rd net frong viec duy tri co che
hanh chinh quan lieu, bao cap; nhung chinh
sach, che do khdng phii hgp vdi ddi hdi mdi
ciia san xuat va cudc sdng. Co che ay den lugt
nd tao ra va lam fram trgng them te quan lieu
vdn da cd frong bd may, tao ra mdt ldp can bd
bao thii,, y lai, vd trach nhiem, thieu tinh nang
ddng, lam ban che kha nang cua can bd, tham
chi bdp nghet sang kien va tinh nang ddng
each mang ciia quan chung, bdi cae quy che

gd bd va cac chinh sach, che do khdng hgp ly,
khdng the hien dimg dudng ldi va quan diem
giai cap cdng nhan ciia Dang.

Bao thii thudng gan vdi quan lieu va quan
lieu thudng la ngudn gdc cd tinh phd bien ciia
tu tudng bao thii. Tac hai ciia te quan lieu gay
ra fren nhieu ITnh vuc nhung chu yeu la frong
viec de ra chinh sach, che do, trong td chirc bd
may cdng kenh, tang nac, trong phong each
"quan each mang" cua can bd.

Ngudn gdc cua te quan lieu la chii nghTa ca
nhan, coi thudng hoac cd thai do co hdi tiiy
tien ddi vdi nguyen tac tap trung dan ehii.
Nhan danh che do tap trung, lgi dung tinh tap
tmng, coi nhe hoac tii bd ndi dung dan chii se
bien thanh tap tmng quan lieu, ddi lap vdi
nguyen tac tap trung dan chii. Bieu hien ra la
nhung tuyen bd de cao "tap tmng" hay "dan

chii" theo lgi ich ca nhan chir khdng theo mdt
nguyen tic nao. Thudng dimg nhung sir de
dga, mua chudc, chup mii de tran ap nhirng
sang kien quan chiing va dang vien khdng phu
hgp vdi lgi ieh ea nhan, tang bdc vd nguyen
tac nhirng ke xu ninh, bg do, co hdi.

Tinh frang dd tat nhien lam cho Dang suy
yeu tir ben trong, Dang mat dan sire chien

dau, sire de khang, mat ldng tin ciia quan
chiing, cd nghTa la mat eo sd xa hdi ciia Dang.

Cae Nghi quyet Dai hdi dai bieu toan qudc
lan thir VIII, IX, X ciia Dang deu khang dinh
nan tham nhiing va te quan lieu la mdt trong
bdn nguy co va la "qudc nan", thach thirc sir
viing manh, vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang ta va
su phat trien cua dat nudc.

Lenin da timg ndi: Khi cdn nan tham
nhiing - hdi Id thi khdng the ndi den chinh tri
dugc, tat ca mgi van de deu treo lo Iimg tren
khdng tmng.

Vi vay, mdt trong nhung giai phap cd y
nghTa quyet dinh thue hien nguyen tac tap
tmng dan chii la dau tranh quyet liet vdi thdi
tap trung quan lieu, nan tham nhiing.

Nhan thirc va van dung nguyen tac tap
tmng dan chii khdng don gian. Bdi nguyen tac
nay cd ba van de, ndi each khac la ba he van
de kha phire tap ve ly luan va thuc tien ma chii
yeu la frong thuc tien.

TJ7U nhdt: Chi do tap trung; thir hai: Chi 
do ddn chu; thir ba: Kit hop hai che do dd 
frong mdt "nguyen tac tap trung dan chii".
Day la dieu khdng ddn gian trong thuc te,

khdng don gian ve nhan thirc va khdng don
gian vi khdng it ngudi lgi dung tinh "khdng

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DANG LANH DAO CONG cuoc DOI MOI

don gian" ciia nguyen tac tap tmng dan chu de
sir dung nd theo y mudn ehii quan eiia minh.

Nguyen tac tap tmng dan chii frong tieng
Nga chi la mdt tir /],eMOKpa-raMecKHii
iieHTpajiH3M, frong dd tap trung la danh tir, dan
chii la ti'nh tir. Dich nguyen nghTa la nguyen tac
tap frung mang tinh dan chii. Nhu vay khdng
the bd di danh tir "tap tmng" hoac tinh tir "dan
chu", hoac khdng chi dimg rieng le danh tir "tap
tmng" hoac tinh tir "dan chii" trong nguyen tac
nay. Trong tieng Nga nguyen tac nay cdn cd the
hieu la "dan chii dugc tap tmng lai", "tap trung
ciia dan chii" (ueH-rpajiH3M jieMOKpaxuH). Dii
sao su cat nghTa tren day cung chi mang tinh
"chiet tu", quan trong ban la ndi ham eiia
nguyen tac nay.

Lenin cung da ban nhieu ve van de nay,
tham chi da dua ra "gidi ban" eiia cbe do tap
trung, nhung ngay ca Dang Cdng san Lien
Xd, Dang do Lenin sang lap va ren luyen
cung cd nhieu bieu hien vi pham nguyen tac
tap trung dan chii. Khi tuyet ddi hda che do
tap trung, eac quyet dinh ciia Dang (cac cap)

deu do mdt ngudi (lanh tu) hoac mdt nhdm
dang vien (lanh dao hoac mdt bd phan trong
ban lanh dao) dua ra ma khdng cd sir tham gia
ban bac, thao luan, bieu quyet ciia dang vien.

Trong thuc tien, khi van dung nguyen tac
tap tmng dan chii cung can phe phan tinh vd
ky luat, coi thudng ky luat, tinh vd td chirc, xa
rdi cac muc tieu cuong ITnh ciia Dang. Nhung
can nhan manh rang mdt khuynh hudng ldn,
h-ong td chirc va sinh boat ciia eac dang cdng
san cam quyen trudc day ciing nhu d nudc ta,
thudng qua nhan manh "tap tmng" tham chi

da nhiem phai te "tap tmng quan lieu" cdn
thieu "dan chii", dan chii cdn thuc hanh chua
dii mirc can thiet, cdn vi pham dan chii. Vi
vay, frong toan bd su nghiep "cai td", "cai
each", "ddi mdi" d cac nudc XHCN deu dat ra
muc tieu "dan chii bda" ma thuc chat la khac
phuc benh "tap tmng quan lieu", thuc hien
diing hon tinh than va ban chat nguyen tac tap
tmng dan chu.

Ddi vdi mdt dang cam quyen thi dan chii
hda sinh boat dang va dan chii hda ddi sdng xa
hdi cd quan he chat che va thdng nhat. Dan chii
trong Dang la dieu kien cho dan chii trong xa
hdi, dan chu frong xa hdi lam co sd cho dan
ehii trong Dang. Khdng the cd dan chii frong

ddi sdng xa hdi neu frong dang cam quyen.
trong ddi tien phong khdng cd dan chii, khdng
mau muc ve sinh boat dan chii va ngugc lai.
Mdt xa hdi khdng dan chii va van hda dan chii,
van hda phap luat, van hda chinh frj thap, thi
frong Dang ciing khdng the cd dan chii day dii
dugc, cho dii dd la dang tien phong.

Chinh vi the ma Dang ta song song vdi
viec ddi mdi trong sinh boat dang ddng thdi
vdi dan chii hda xa hdi. Tren co sd nhiing
thanh tuu dan chii ma Dai hdi VI mang lai,
boat ddng ciia Dang trong sudt gan 25 nam
ddi mdi da danh sir chii y thich dang den dan
chii trong chinh tri, da dat ra mdt each dirt
khoat muc tieu xay dung Nha nudc phap
quyIn XHCN Viet Nam, cai each nen hanh
chinh Viet Nam vdn nang ne, tri fre bdi nhimg
tan tich cua nin hanh chinh quan lieu bao cap.

Nam 1998, bing Chi tbi 30/CT-TW va
Nghi quyit 29/CP, Dang va Chinh phii da tich

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DANG LANH DAO CONG c u o c 001 MOI

cue tdng ket kinh nghiem thuc tien, tim tdi
nhirng khau mau chdt trong sir nghiep dan ehii
hda dat nudc va da ban hanh Quy che thuc
hien dan chu d co sd (ggi tat la Quy che dan
chii CO sd). Qua thuc tien gan 10 nam tbuc

hien Quy che dan ehii co sd, nam 2007 Uy
ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi da ban hanh Phap
lenh dan chii d xa, phudng, thi tran, nham
ciing cd them co sd phap ly ciia nhirng thanh
tuu tbuc hien Quy che dan chii co sd.

Dai hdi DC ciia Dang dugc coi la Dai hdi
ciia tri tiie, dan chii, doan ket, ddi mdi, khang
dinh lai muc tieu xay dung mdt che do dan
chii thdng qua Nha nudc phap quyen XHCN,
cai each cac the che va phuong thirc boat
ddng ciia Nha nudc, md rdng va da dang hda
cac hinh thirc tap hgp nhan dan, coi doan ket,
dan chii la ddng luc cua phat trien xa hdi. Tir
nghi quyit Dai hdi IX (2001), "dan ehu" chinh
thirc dugc neu thanh mdt trong nam muc tieu
quan trgng ciia Dang phai lanh dao dat nudc
hudng tdi: dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng
bang, dan chii, van minh. Ket qua nay vira the
hien qua frinh nhan thiic, lanh dao thuc hanh
dan ehii cua Dang ta, -vira the hien nhung ddi
hdi khach quan de chimg ta phai ddi mdi va
hoan thien nguyen tac tap tmng dan ehii frong
xay dung Dang.

1, 2, 3. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam: Vdn kiin

Dang Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2004, T.37, fr 637,

638,638

4, 5.Sdd,T.43, tY2S7,2S7 
6, 7. Sdd, T.47, fr 458,470.

PHAT HUY NHAN TO QUOC TE... 
(Tiep theo trang 39)

Phat huy nhan td qudc te, ket hgp nhuan
nhuyen ndi lire vdi ngoai lire fren eo sd nhiing
muc tieu ehinh nghTa, thdi dai va nhan van
-Dd la the, thdi va lire cua dat nudc. Trong cdng
cudc xay dung va bao ve Td qudc ngay nay,
kinh nghiem ay van cdn nguyen gia fri.

1. Dan so Viet Nam luc do chi xap xi bang 1/6 nuoc
My, gia tri tong san pham quoc dan cua mien Bac bang

1/1000, lire lu-png so sanh ve quan sir giua hai ben, nhat
la ve trinh do khoa hoc ky thuat, chenh lech rat Ion,
nghieng ve phia My

2. Do hoan canh Ijch sir, xa hoi, dan tri... mot thoi gian
dai, phong trao va cuoc dau tranh chong thirc dan, chong
My d hai nuoc deu cham phat trien nhieu so voi Viet
Nam. My rao riet can thiep manli vao 1 ^ , Campuchia,
giat day lat do cac chi'nh phii iing ho Viet Nam

3. Bien bdn Hoi nghi Ban Chdp hdnh Trung irang

ldn thic 7 (khod H), Don vi bao quan 29, Cue luu

trQ-Trung uong Dang

4. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Ddng

Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T.28, fr.l 10

5.5'dW,T.3l,fr.239