Tài liệu Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking docx

Encyclopedia of
Multimedia
Technology and
Networking
Margherita Pagani
I-LAB Centre for Research on the Digital Economy,
Bocconi University, Italy
Hershey  London  Melbourne  Singapore
IDEA GROUP REFERENCE
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of multimedia technology and networking / Margherita Pagani, ed.
p. cm.
Summary: "This encyclopedia offers a comprehensive knowledge of multimedia information technology from an economic and
technological perspective"--Provided by publisher.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-59140-561-0 (hard cover) -- ISBN 1-59140-796-6 (ebook)
1. Multimedia communications--Encyclopedias. I. Pagani, Margherita, 1971-
TK5105.15.E46 2005
2005005141
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set
are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
Editorial Advisory Board
Raymond A. Hackney, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
Leslie Leong, Central Connecticut State University, USA
Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Lorenzo Peccati, Bocconi University, Italy
Steven John Simon, Stetson School of Business and Economics - Mercer University, USA
Andrew Targowski, Western Michigan University, USA
Nobuyoshi Terashima, Waseda University, Japan

Enrico Valdani, Bocconi University, Italy
List of Contributors
Ahmed, Ansary / Open University of Malaysia, Malaysia
Ajiferuke, Isola / University of Western Ontario, Canada
Akhtar, Shakil / United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Ally, Mohamed / Athabasca University, Canada
Angehrn, Albert A. / Center for Advanced Learning Technologies, INSEAD, France
Angelides, Marios C. / Brunel University, UK
Arbore, Alessandro / Bocconi University, Italy
Auld, Jonathan M. / NovAtel Inc., Canada
Baralou, Evangelia / University of Sterling, Scotland
Barolli, Leonard / Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Japan
Benrud, Erik / American University, USA
Bhattacharya, Sunand / ITT Educational Services, Inc., USA
Bignall, Robert J. / Monash University, Australia
Bradley, Randy V. / Troy University, USA
Buche, Mari W. / Michigan Technological University, USA
Butcher-Powell, Loreen Marie / Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, USA
Cannell, Jeremy C. / Gannon University, USA
Cardoso, Rui C. / Universidade de Beira Interior, Portugal
Cavallaro, Andrea / Queen Mary, University of London, UK
Chakrobartty, Shuvro / Minnesota State University, USA
Chan, Tom S. / Southern New Hampshire University, USA
Chbeir, Richard / University of Bourgogne, France
Chen, Jeanne / HungKuang University, Taiwan
Chen, Kuanchin / Western Michigan University, USA
Chen, Tung-Shou / National Taichung Institute of Technology, Taiwan
Cheng, Meng-Wen / National Taichung Institute of Technology, Taiwan
Chochcliouros, Ioannis P. / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece
Cirrincione, Armando / SDA Bocconi School of Management, Italy

Connaughton, Stacey L. / Purdue University, USA
Cragg, Paul B. / University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Cruz, Christophe / University of Bourgogne, France
da Silva, Elaine Quintino / University of São Paulo, Brazil
da Silva, Henrique J. A. / Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Danenberg, James O. / Western Michigan University, USA
de Abreu Moreira, Dilvan / University of São Paulo, Brazil
de Amescua, Antonio / Carlos III Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Dellas, Fabien / University of Geneva, Switzerland
Dhar, Subhankar / San Jose State University, USA
Di Giacomo, Thomas / University of Geneva, Switzerland
Diaz, Ing. Carlos / University of Alcala, Spain
Dunning, Jeremy / Indiana University, USA
Duthler, Kirk W. / The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA
El-Gayar, Omar / Dakota State University, USA
Esmahi, Larbi / Athabasca University, Canada
Esteban, Luis A. / Carlos III Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Falk, Louis K. / Youngstown State University, USA
Farag, Waleed E. / Zagazig University, Egypt
Fleming, Stewart T. / University of Otago, New Zealand
Fraunholz, Bardo / Deakin University, Australia
Freeman, Ina / University of Birmingham, UK
Freire, Mário M. / Universidade de Beira Interior, Portugal
Galanxhi-Janaqi, Holtjona / University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
Gao, Yuan / Ramapo College of New Jersey, USA
García, Luis / Carlos III Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Ghanem, Hassan / Verizon, USA
Gibbert, Michael / Bocconi University, Italy
Gilbert, A. Lee / Nanyang Business School, Singapore
Goh, Tiong-Thye / Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

Grahn, Kaj J. / Arcada Polytechnic, Finland
Grover, Akshay / Brigham Young University, USA
Guan, Sheng-Uei / National University of Singapore, Singapore
Gupta, P. / Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
Gur
ã
u, C
ã
lin / Centre d’Études et de Recherche sur les Organisations et la Management (CEROM),
France
Gutiérrez, Jairo A. / The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Hackbarth, Klaus D. / University of Cantabria, Spain
Hagenhoff, Svenja / Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany
Handzic, Meliha / Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, BiH, Croatia
Hentea, Mariana / Southwestern Oklahoma State University, USA
Heywood, Malcolm I. / Dalhousie University, Canada
Hin, Leo Tan Wee / Singapore National Academy of Science and Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore
Hosszú, Gábor / Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Turkey
Hu, Wen-Chen / University of North Dakota, USA
Hughes, Jerald / Baruch College of the City University of New York, USA
Hulicki, Zbigniew / AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Hurson, Ali R. / The Pennsylvania State University, USA
Iossifides, Athanassios C. / COSMOTE S.A., Greece
Ishaya, Tanko / The University of Hull, UK
Janczewski, Lech J. / The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Joslin, Chris / University of Geneva, Switzerland
Jovanovic-Dolecek, Gordana / INAOE, Mexico
Jung, Jürgen / Uni Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Kacimi, Mouna / University of Bourgogne, France

Kanellis, Panagiotis / National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Karaboulas, Dimitrios / University of Patras, Greece
Karlsson, Jonny / Arcada Polytechnic, Finland
Karoui, Kamel / Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Tunis, Tunisia
Kaspar, Christian / Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany
Kaur, Abtar / Open University of Malaysia, Malaysia
Kaushik, A.K. / Electronic Niketan, India
Kayacik, H. Gunes / Dalhousie University, Canada
Kelic, Andjelka / Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Kemper Littman, Marlyn / Nova Southeastern University, USA
Kinshuk / Massey University, New Zealand
Knight, Linda V. / DePaul University, USA
Kontolemakis, George / National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Kotsopoulos, Stavros A. / University of Patras, Greece
Kou, Weidong / Xidian University, PR China
Koumaras, Harilaos / University of Athens, Greece
Kourtis, Anastasios / Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications NCSR Demokritos, Greece
Koyama, Akio / Yamagata University, Japan
Kwok, Percy Lai-yin / Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
Labruyere, Jean-Philippe P. / DePaul University, USA
Lalopoulos, George K. / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece
Lang, Karl Reiner / Baruch College of the City University of New York, USA
Lang, Michael / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Larkin, Jeff / Brigham Young University, USA
Lawson-Body, Assion / University of North Dakota, USA
Lee, Chung-wei / Auburn University, USA
Lee, Maria Ruey-Yuan / Shih-Chien University, Taiwan
Li, Chang-Tsun / University of Warwick, UK
Li, Qing / City University of Hong Kong, China
Liehr, Marcus / University of Hohenheim, Germany

Lin, Joanne Chia Yi / The University of New South Wales, Australia
Lorenz, Pascal / University of Haute Alsace, France
Louvros, Spiros / COSMOTE S.A., Greece
Lowry, Paul Benjamin / Brigham Young University, USA
Lumsden, Joanna / National Research Council of Canada IIT e-Business, Canada
Luo, Xin / Mississippi State University, USA
Ma, Keh-Jian / National Taichung Institute of Technology, Taiwan
Madsen, Chris / Brigham Young University, USA
Maggioni, Mario A. / Università Cattolica di Milano, Italy
Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia / University of Geneva, Switzerland
Magni, Massimo / Bocconi University, Italy
Maris, Jo-Mae B. / Northern Arizona University, USA
Markus, Alexander / University of Western Ontario, Canada
Martakos, Drakoulis / National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Mbarika, Victor / Southern University and A&M College, USA
McManus, Patricia / Edith Cowan University, Australia
Melliar-Smith, P. M. / University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Mills, Annette M. / University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Mitchell, Mark / Brigham Young University, USA
Mohamedally, Dean / City University London, UK
Monteiro, Paulo P. / SIEMENS S.A. and Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal
Morabito, Vincenzo / Bocconi University, Italy
Moser, L. E. / University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Moyes, Aaron / Brigham Young University, USA
Mundy, Darren P. / University of Hull, UK
Murphy, Peter / Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Nah, Fiona Fui-Hoon / University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
Nandavadekar, Vilas D. / University of Pune, India
Neveu, Marc / University of Burgundy, France
Ngoh, Lek Heng / Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore

Nicolle, Christophe / University of Bourgogne, France
Nur, Mohammad M. / Minnesota State University, USA
Nur Zincir-Heywood, A. / Dalhousie University, Canada
O’Dea, Michael / University of Hull, UK
O’Hagan, Minako / Dublin City University, Ireland
Olla, Phillip / Brunel University, UK
Otenko, Oleksandr / University of Kent, UK
Pace, Stefano / Bocconi University, Italy
Pagani, Margherita / Bocconi University, Italy
Pai, Feng Yu / Shih-Chien University, Taiwan
Panjala, Shashidhar / Gannon University, USA
Pantic, Maja / Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Pereira, Rui G. / Universidade de Beira Interior, Portugal
Petrie, Helen / City University London, UK
Poole, Marshall Scott / Texas A&M University, USA
Portilla, J. Antonio / University of Alcala, Spain
Portougal, Victor / The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Prata, Alcina / Higher School of Management Sciences, Portugal
Proserpio, Luigi / Bocconi University, Italy
Provera, Bernardino / Bocconi University, Italy
Pulkkis, Göran / Arcada Polytechnic, Finland
Rahman, Hakikur / SDNP, Bangladesh
Raisinghani, Mahesh S. / Texas Woman’s University, USA
Rajasingham, Lalita / Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Raju, P.K. / Auburn University, USA
Ratnasingam, Pauline / Central Missouri State University, USA
Ripamonti, Laura Anna / Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
Robins, Wiliam / Brigham Young University, USA
Rodrigues, Joel J. P. C. / Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal
Rotvold, Glenda / University of North Dakota, USA

Rotvold, Justin / Techwise Solutions, LLC, USA
Rowe, Neil C. / U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, USA
Roy, Abhijit / Loyola College in Maryland, USA
Ruela, Jose / Faculdade de Engennaria da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Portugal
Sánchez-Segura, Maria-Isabel / Carlos III Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Sankar, Chetan S. / Auburn University, USA
Schizas, Christos / University of Cyprus, Cyprus
Shankar P., Jaya / Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore
Shepherd, Jill / Simon Fraser University, Canada
Shuaib, Khaled A. / United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Singh, Richa / Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
Singh, Shawren / University of South Africa, South Africa
Sockel, Hy / Youngstown State University, USA
Sofokleous, Anastasis / Brunel University, UK
Sonwalkar, Nishikant / Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou, Anastasia S. / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE),
Greece
St.Amant, Kirk / Texas Tech University, USA
Standing, Craig / Edith Cowan University, Australia
Stephens, Jackson / Brigham Young University, USA
Stern, Tziporah / Baruch College, CUNY, USA
Still, Brian / Texas Tech University, USA
Subramaniam, R. / Singapore National Academy of Science and Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore
Sun, Jun / Texas A&M University, USA
Suraweera, Theekshana / University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Swierzowicz, Janusz / Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
Syed, Mahbubur R. / Minnesota State University, USA
Szabados, Anna / Mission College, USA
Tan, Christopher Yew-Gee / University of South Australia, Australia

Tandekar, Kanchana / Dakota State University, USA
Tassabehji, Rana / University of Bradford, UK
Terashima, Nobuyoshi / Waseda University, Japan
Tiffin, John / Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Ting, Wayne / The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Todorova, Nelly / University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Tong, Carrison KS / Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital and Tseung Kwan O Hospital,
Hong Kong
Torrisi-Steele, Geraldine / Griffith University, Australia
Uberti, Teodora Erika / Università Cattolica di Milano, Italy
Unnithan, Chandana / Deakin University, Australia
Vatsa, Mayank / Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
Vician, Chelley / Michigan Technological University, USA
Vitolo, Theresa M. / Gannon University, USA
Voeth, Markus / University of Hohenheim, Germany
Volino, Pascal / University of Geneva, Switzerland
Wang, Pin-Hsin / National Taichung Institute of Technology, Taiwan
Warkentin, Merrill / Mississippi State University, USA
Wei, Chia-Hung / University of Warwick, UK
Wilson, Sean / Brigham Young University, USA
Wong, Eric TT / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Wong-MingJi, Diana J. / Eastern Michigan University, USA
Wright, Carol / Pennsylvania State University, USA
Yang, Bo / The Pennsylvania State University, USA
Yang, Jun / Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Yetongnon, Kokou / University of Bourgogne, France
Yusof, Shafiz A. Mohd / Syracuse University, USA
Zakaria, Norhayati / Syracuse University, USA
Zaphiris, Panayiotis / City University London, UK
Zhuang, Yueting / Zhejiang University, China

Zwitserloot, Reinier / Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Contents
by Volume
VOLUME I
Adoption of Communication Products and the Individual Critical Mass / Markus Voeth and Marcus Liehr ....... 1
Affective Computing / Maja Pantic ......................................................................................................................... 8
Agent Frameworks / Reinier Zwitserloot and Maja Pantic .................................................................................... 15
Application of Genetic Algorithms for QoS Routing in Broadband Networks / Leonard Barolli
and Akio Koyama ................................................................................................................................................ 22
Application Service Providers / Vincenzo Morabito and Bernardino Provera ..................................................... 31
Assessing Digital Video Data Similarity / Waleed E. Farag .................................................................................... 36
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line / Leo Tan Wee Hin and R. Subramaniam ....................................................... 42
ATM Technology and E-Learning Initiatives / Marlyn Kemper Littman ............................................................... 49
Biometric Technologies / Mayank Vatsa, Richa Singh, P. Gupta and A.K. Kaushik ............................................ 56
Biometrics Security / Stewart T. Fleming ................................................................................................................. 63
Biometrics, A Critical Consideration in Information Security Management / Paul Benjamin Lowry,
Jackson Stephens, Aaron Moyes, Sean Wilson and Mark Mitchell .................................................................. 69
Broadband Solutions for Residential Customers / Mariana Hentea ....................................................................... 76
Challenges and Perspectives for Web-Based Applications in Organizations / George K. Lalopoulos,
Ioannis P. Chochliouros and Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou ......................................................... 82
Collaborative Web-Based Learning Community / Percy Kwok Lai-yin and Christopher Tan Yew-Gee ............... 89
Constructing a Globalized E-Commerce Site / Tom S. Chan .................................................................................... 96
Consumer Attitude in Electronic Commerce / Yuan Gao ......................................................................................... 102
Content Repurposing for Small Devices / Neil C. Rowe .......................................................................................... 110
Content-Based Multimedia Retrieval / Chia-Hung Wei and Chang-Tsun Li .......................................................... 116
Context-Awareness in Mobile Commerce / Jun Sun and Marshall Scott Poole .................................................... 123
Core Principles of Educational Multimedia / Geraldine Torrisi-Steele ................................................................... 130
Corporate Conferencing / Vilas D. Nandavadekar ................................................................................................ 137
Cost Models for Telecommunication Networks and Their Application to GSM Systems / Klaus D. Hackbarth,
J. Antonio Portilla and Ing. Carlos Diaz ........................................................................................................... 143

Critical Issues in Global Navigation Satellite Systems / Ina Freeman and Jonathan M. Auld ............................... 151
Dark Optical Fibre as a Modern Solution for Broadband Networked Cities / Ioannis P. Chochliouros,
Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou and George K. Lalopoulos ............................................................. 158
Decision Making Process of Integrating Wireless Technology into Organizations, The /
Assion Lawson-Body, Glenda Rotvold and Justin Rotvold ............................................................................... 165
Designing Web-Based Hypermedia Systems / Michael Lang ................................................................................ 173
Digital Filters / Gordana Jovanovic-Dolecek .......................................................................................................... 180
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Applications / Ioannis P. Chochliouros, Anastasia S.
Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou and George K. Lalopoulos .................................................................................. 197
Digital Watermarking Based on Neural Network Technology for Grayscale Images / Jeanne Chen,
Tung-Shou Chen, Keh-Jian Ma and Pin-Hsin Wang ......................................................................................... 204
Digital Watermarking for Multimedia Security Management / Chang-Tsun Li ....................................................... 213
Distance Education Delivery / Carol Wright ........................................................................................................... 219
Distanced Leadership and Multimedia / Stacey L. Connaughton ........................................................................... 226
Dynamics of Virtual Teams, The / Norhayati Zakaria and Shafiz A. Mohd Yusof ................................................. 233
E-Commerce and Usability / Shawren Singh ........................................................................................................... 242
Educational Technology Standards / Michael O’Dea ............................................................................................. 247
Efficient Method for Image Indexing in Medical Application / Richard Chbeir ..................................................... 257
Elaboration Likelihood Model and Web-Based Persuasion, The / Kirk W. Duthler ............................................... 265
E-Learning and Multimedia Databases / Theresa M. Vitolo, Shashidhar Panjala and Jeremy C. Cannell ........... 271
Electronic Commerce Technologies Management / Shawren Singh ....................................................................... 278
Ethernet Passive Optical Networks / Mário M. Freire, Paulo P. Monteiro, Henrique J. A. da Silva and
Jose Ruela ............................................................................................................................................................ 283
Evolution of GSM Network Technology / Phillip Olla ........................................................................................... 290
Evolution of Mobile Commerce Applications / George K. Lalopoulos, Ioannis P. Chochcliouros and
Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou .......................................................................................................... 295
Exploiting Captions for Multimedia Data Mining / Neil C. Rowe ............................................................................ 302
Face for Interface / Maja Pantic .............................................................................................................................. 308
FDD Techniques Towards the Multimedia Era / Athanassios C. Iossifides, Spiros Louvros and
Stavros A. Kotsopoulos ....................................................................................................................................... 315

Fiber to the Premises / Mahesh S. Raisinghani and Hassan Ghanem .................................................................... 324
Fiber-to-the-Home Technologies and Standards / Andjelka Kelic ......................................................................... 329
From Communities to Mobile Communities of Values / Patricia McManus and Craig Standing .......................... 336
Future of M-Interaction, The / Joanna Lumsden ..................................................................................................... 342
Global Navigation Satellite Systems / Phillip Olla .................................................................................................. 348
Going Virtual / Evangelia Baralou and Jill Stepherd ............................................................................................. 353
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Using a Wireless ATM Platform / Spiros Louvros, Dimitrios Karaboulas,
Athanassios C. Iossifides and Stavros A. Kotsopoulos ..................................................................................... 359
HyperReality / Nobuyoshi Terashima ...................................................................................................................... 368
Improving Student Interaction with Internet and Peer Review / Dilvan de Abreu Moreira and
Elaine Quintino da Silva .................................................................................................................................... 375
Information Hiding, Digital Watermarking and Steganography / Kuanchin Chen ................................................. 382
Information Security Management / Mariana Hentea ............................................................................................. 390
Information Security Management in Picture-Archiving and Communication Systems for the Healthcare
Industry / Carrison KS Tong and Eric TT Wong ................................................................................................ 396
Information Security Threats / Rana Tassabehji ..................................................................................................... 404
Information Systems Strategic Alignment in Small Firms / Paul B. Cragg and Nelly Todorova ............................ 411
Information Technology and Virtual Communities / Chelley Vician and Mari W. Buche ...................................... 417
Integrated Platform for Networked and User-Oriented Virtual Clothing / Pascal Volino, Thomas Di Giacomo,
Fabien Dellas and Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann ................................................................................................ 424
Interactive Digital Television / Margherita Pagani ................................................................................................ 428
Interactive Memex / Sheng-Uei Guan ...................................................................................................................... 437
Interactive Multimedia Technologies for Distance Education in Developing Countries / Hakikur Rahman ......... 447
Interactive Multimedia Technologies for Distance Education Systems / Hakikur Rahman ................................... 454
International Virtual Offices / Kirk St.Amant ........................................................................................................... 461
Internet Adoption by Small Firms / Paul B. Cragg and Annette M. Mills .............................................................. 467
Internet Privacy from the Individual and Business Perspectives / Tziporah Stern ................................................. 475
Internet Privacy Issues / Hy Sockel and Kuanchin Chen ....................................................................................... 480
Interoperable Learning Objects Management / Tanko Ishaya ................................................................................ 486
Intrusion Detection Systems / H. Gunes Kayacik, A. Nur Zincir-Heywood and Malcolm I. Heywood ................. 494

Investment Strategy for Integrating Wireless Technology into Organizations / Assion Lawson-Body ................. 500
IT Management Practices in Small Firms / Paul B. Cragg and Theekshana Suraweera ........................................ 507
iTV Guidelines / Alcina Prata .................................................................................................................................. 512
Leadership Competencies for Managing Global Virtual Teams / Diana J. Wong-MingJi ....................................... 519
Learning Networks / Albert A. Angehrn and Michael Gibbert ............................................................................... 526
Learning through Business Games / Luigi Proserpio and Massimo Magni ........................................................... 532
Local Loop Unbundling / Alessandro Arbore ......................................................................................................... 538
Local Loop Unbundling Measures and Policies in the European Union / Ioannis P. Chochliouros,
Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou and George K. Lalopoulos ............................................................. 547
VOLUME II
Making Money with Open-Source Business Initiatives / Paul Benjamin Lowry, Akshay Grover,
Chris Madsen, Jeff Larkin and William Robins .................................................................................................. 555
Malware and Antivirus Procedures / Xin Luo and Merrill Warkentin ................................................................... 562
Measuring the Potential for IT Convergence at Macro Level / Margherita Pagani .............................................. 571
Message-Based Service in Taiwan / Maria Ruey-Yuan Lee and Feng Yu Pai ....................................................... 579
Methods of Research in Virtual Communities / Stefano Pace ................................................................................. 585
Migration to IP Telephony / Khaled A. Shuaib ....................................................................................................... 593
Mobile Ad Hoc Network / Subhankar Dhar ........................................................................................................... 601
Mobile Agents / Kamel Karoui ............................................................................................................................... 608
Mobile Commerce Security and Payment / Chung-wei Lee, Weidong Kou and Wen-Chen Hu .............................. 615
Mobile Computing for M-Commerce / Anastasis Sofokleous, Marios C. Angelides and Christos Schizas ........... 622
Mobile Location Based Services / Bardo Fraunholz, Jürgen Jung and Chandana Unnithan.............................. 629
Mobile Multimedia for Commerce / P. M. Melliar-Smith and L. E. Moser .............................................................. 638
Mobile Radio Technologies / Christian Kaspar and Svenja Hagenhoff ................................................................ 645
Mobility over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks / Lek Heng Ngoh and Jaya Shankar P. .................................. 652
Modeling Interactive Distributed Multimedia Applications / Sheng-Uei Guan ...................................................... 660
Modelling eCRM Systems with the Unified Modelling Language / C
ã
lin Gur
ã

u .................................................. 667
Multimedia Communication Services on Digital TV Platforms / Zbigniew Hulicki ................................................. 678
Multimedia Content Representation Technologies / Ali R. Hurson and Bo Yang .................................................. 687
Multimedia Data Mining Concept / Janusz Swierzowicz ......................................................................................... 696
Multimedia Information Design for Mobile Devices / Mohamed Ally ..................................................................... 704
Multimedia Information Retrieval at a Crossroad / Qing Li, Jun Yang, and Yueting Zhuang ................................. 710
Multimedia Instructional Materials in MIS Classrooms / Randy V. Bradley, Victor Mbarika, Chetan S.
Sankar and P.K. Raju .......................................................................................................................................... 717
Multimedia Interactivity on the Internet / Omar El-Gayar, Kuanchin Chen and Kanchana Tandekar ................ 724
Multimedia Proxy Cache Architectures / Mouna Kacimi, Richard Chbeir and Kokou Yetongnon ...................... 731
Multimedia Technologies in Education / Armando Cirrincione ............................................................................. 737
N-Dimensional Geometry and Kinaesthetic Space of the Internet, The / Peter Murphy ......................................... 742
Network Intrusion Tracking for DoS Attacks / Mahbubur R. Syed, Mohammad M. Nur and
Robert J. Bignall ................................................................................................................................................. 748
Network-Based Information System Model for Research / Jo-Mae B. Maris ......................................................... 756
New Block Data Hiding Method for the Binary Image, A / Jeanne Chen, Tung-Shou Chen and
Meng-Wen Cheng ................................................................................................................................................ 762
Objective Measurement of Perceived QoS for Homogeneous MPEG-4 Video Content / Harilaos Koumaras,
Drakoulis Martakos and Anastasios Kourtis .................................................................................................... 770
Online Discussion and Student Success in Web-Based Education, The / Erik Benrud ......................................... 778
Open Source Intellectual Property Rights / Stewart T. Fleming .............................................................................. 785
Open Source Software and International Outsourcing / Kirk St.Amant and Brian Still ........................................ 791
Optical Burst Switching / Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, Mário M. Freire, Paulo P. Monteiro and Pascal Lorenz ....... 799
Peer-to-Peer Filesharing Systems for Digital Media / Jerald Hughes and Karl Reiner Lang ................................. 807
Personalized Web-Based Learning Services / Larbi Esmahi ................................................................................... 814
Picture Archiving and Communication System in Health Care / Carrison KS Tong and Eric TT Wong ................ 821
Plastic Optical Fiber Applications / Spiros Louvros, Athanassios C. Iossifides, Dimitrios Karaboulas and
Stavros A. Kotsopoulos ....................................................................................................................................... 829
Potentials of Information Technology in Building Virtual Communities / Isola Ajiferuke and
Alexander Markus ............................................................................................................................................... 836

Principles for Managing Information Security / Rana Tassabehji ........................................................................... 842
Privilege Management Infrastructure / Darren P. Mundy and Oleksandr Otenko ................................................. 849
Production, Delivery and Playback of 3D Graphics / Thomas Di Giacomo, Chris Joslin, and Nadia
Magnenat-Thalmann ........................................................................................................................................... 855
Public Opinion and the Internet / Peter Murphy ...................................................................................................... 863
Quality of Service Issues Associated with Internet Protocols / Jairo A. Gutiérrez and Wayne Ting .................... 869
Reliability Issues of the Multicast-Based Mediacommunication / Gábor Hosszú ................................................... 875
Re-Purposeable Learning Objects Based on Teaching and Learning Styles / Abtar Kaur, Jeremy Dunning,
Sunand Bhattacharya and Ansary Ahmed ......................................................................................................... 882
Risk-Control Framework for E-Marketplace Participation, A / Pauline Ratnasingam ............................................. 887
Road Map to Information Security Management / Lech J. Janczewski and Victor Portougal .............................. 895
Security Laboratory Design and Implementation / Linda V. Knight and Jean-Philippe P. Labruyere .................. 903
Security Vulnerabilities and Exposures in Internet Systems and Services / Rui C. Cardoso and
Mário M. Freire ................................................................................................................................................... 910
Semantic Web / Rui G. Pereira and Mário M. Freire ............................................................................................. 917
Software Ad Hoc for E-Learning / Maria-Isabel Sánchez-Segura, Antonio de Amescua, Luis García and
Luis A. Esteban .................................................................................................................................................... 925
Supporting Online Communities with Technological Infrastructures / Laura Anna Ripamonti ............................. 937
Teletranslation / Minako O’Hagan .......................................................................................................................... 945
Telework Information Security / Loreen Marie Butcher-Powell ............................................................................. 951
Text-to-Speech Synthesis / Mahbubur R. Syed, Shuvro Chakrobartty and Robert J. Bignall ............................. 957
2G-4G Networks / Shakil Akhtar .............................................................................................................................. 964
Type Justified / Anna Szabados and Nishikant Sonwalkar ................................................................................... 974
Ubiquitous Commerce / Holtjona Galanxhi-Janaqi and Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah ..................................................... 980
Understanding the Out-of-the-Box Experience / A. Lee Gilbert .............................................................................. 985
Unified Information Security Management Plan, A / Mari W. Buche and Chelley Vician ..................................... 993
Universal Multimedia Access / Andrea Cavallaro ................................................................................................. 1001
Usability / Shawren Singh ....................................................................................................................................... 1008
Usability Assessment in Mobile Computing and Commerce / Kuanchin Chen, Hy Sockel and
Louis K. Falk ....................................................................................................................................................... 1014

User-Centered Mobile Computing / Dean Mohamedally, Panayiotis Zaphiris and Helen Petrie ......................... 1021
Using Semantics to Manage 3D Scenes in Web Platforms / Christophe Cruz, Christophe Nicolle and
Marc Neveu ......................................................................................................................................................... 1027
Virtual Communities / George Kontolemakis, Panagiotis Kanellis and Drakoulis Martakos .............................. 1033
Virtual Communities on the Internet / Abhijit Roy ................................................................................................... 1040
Virtual Knowledge Space and Learning / Meliha Handzic and Joanne Chia Yi Lin .............................................. 1047
Virtual Learning Communities / Stewart T. Fleming ................................................................................................ 1055
Virtual Reality and HyperReality Technologies in Universities / Lalita Rajasingham and John Tiffin .................. 1064
Web Content Adaptation Frameworks and Techniques / Tiong-Thye Goh and Kinshuk ...................................... 1070
Web Site Usability / Louis K. Falk and Hy Sockel ................................................................................................. 1078
Web-Based Learning / James O. Danenberg and Kuanchin Chen ......................................................................... 1084
Webmetrics / Mario A. Maggioni and Teodora Erika Uberti ................................................................................ 1091
Wireless Emergency Services / Jun Sun .................................................................................................................. 1096
WLAN Security Management / Göran Pulkkis, Kaj J. Grahn, and Jonny Karlsson ............................................. 1104