Sử dụng sơ đồ tư duy trong dạy học lịch sử việt nam từ nguồn gốc đến giữa thế kỷ XIX SGK lớp 10 chương trình chuẩn ở các trường phổ thông trên địa bàn thành phố đà nẵng

1

ĈҤ,+Ӑ&Ĉ¬1Ҹ1*
ĈҤ,+Ӑ&6Ѭ3+Ҥ0
.+2$/ӎ&+6Ӱ

VϯЁ

ϼ0ϩ


6ӱGөQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\
WURQJGҥ\KӑF
OӏFKVӱ9LӋW
Wӯ
QJXӗQJӕFÿӃQ
JLӳDWKӃNӹ;,;6*.
±FKѭѫQJ
trình FKXҭQ
ӣFiFWUѭӡQJSKә
WKjQKSKӕĈj1ҹQJ

6LQKYLrQWKӵFKLӋQ
Tôn ThҩW7QJ

1JѭӡLKѭӟQJGүQ
7UѭѫQJ7UXQJ3K

Ĉj1̽QJWKiQJ

2

MӢĈҪ8
1. Lí do chӑQÿӅWjL

/ӏFK Vӱ Oj PӝW P{Q KӑF Fy Yӏ WUt TXDQ

GLӋQQKkQFiFKFKRKӑFVLQK7+37
+ӑF
lӏFKVӱVӁJL~SKӑFVLQ

SKiWWULӇQFӫD[mKӝLORjLQJѭӡLFNJQJQK
VӵQJKLӋSJLҧ

GkQWӝF
+ӑF/
ӏFKVӱJySSKҫQJLiRGөFOzQJ\rX

JLi WUӏ WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ EҧQ VҳF YăQ KyD G

QKѭQJWKӵFWӃYүQFzQQKӳQJQKұQWKӭFNK
ӫ
a môn lӏFKVӱ

7URQJQKұQWKӭFFӫDSKөKX\QKKӑFVLQK
và QJD\FҧJLiRYLrQ
, lӏFKVӱYүQEӏ

P{QSKө
+ӑFVLQKNK{QJWKtFKKӑF

OӏFK
Vӱ
GүQÿӃQ
NӃWTXҧKӑFWұS
FӫD
môn lӏFKVӱ
UҩWWKҩS

7ӯOkXGҥ\KӑFWKHRNLӇX³WKҫ\ÿӑFWU
KѭѫQJSKiS

KӑF ÿӇ WUX\ӅQ WҧL NLӃQ WKӭF FKR KӑF VLQ

WURQJ Fҧ QѭӟF 1JjQK *LiR GөF Yj ĈjR Wҥ

WKҧR WKDP NKҧR QKLӅX SKѭѫQJ SKiS Gҥ\ K

FNJQJÿmWӵPuQKÿѭDUDQKLӅXSKѭѫQJSKi
QKѭQJKLӋ

WҥL PӝW Eӝ
JLiR
SKұQ
YLrQ
OӟQ
YүQ Vӱ GөQJ
±FiFK
FKpS´
Gҥ\
Yj

³QKuQ
- FKpS´9ӟLFiFKGҥ\Qj\QJѭӡLWKҫ\ÿ

FyWѭWѭӣQ
JSKyPһFNK{QJKӭQJWK~WURQJFұS

YLӋF WuP NLӃP FiF SKѭѫQJ iQ WKLӃW NӃ Ej

WURQJOӟSPuQKSKөWUiFKÿӇNӃWTXҧJLҧ

Qj\VӁWUӣQrQWKөÿӝ
QJFKӍELӃWWKXQKұQNLӃQWKӭ

QJKƭNK{QJELӃWWӵPuQKFKLӃPOƭQKWUL
NLӃQWKӭFYjRFXӝFVӕQJ

&Kӫ
WӏFK+ӗ&Kt0LQKÿmQyL³
GkQWDSK̫LEL͇WV͵WDF
à

9L͏W1DP
´4XD
ÿyWDWKҩ\YDLWUzFӫDEӝP{Q
lӏFKVӱQKѭWKӃQjRÿ
ÿӕL YӟL QKӳQJ DL Ӣ
Oj
PӝW
F{QJ

Vӕ GkQ
QѭӟF
9LӋW
SKiW
1DP
WUL

7UXQJ 4XӕF«QKӳQJ
ӟLÿӭD
EҳWWUҿ
ÿҫXNKL
ÿLLӇX
KӑF
P
KӑF
Wӯ QKӳQ
WKu

KӑF ÿҫX
YjWLrQ
TXDQ
L
WUӑQJ
YӟLQKӳQJ
ÿӕ
ÿӭD
lӏFK
WUҿ
VìVӱ
FKӍ

Qj\
Fy
Oj
TX

P{QKӑF/
ӏFKVӱQKӳQJÿӭDWUҿPӟLELӃWTXê


3

FKDQyÿm WҥRGӵQJ ELӃWÿѭӧFFKLӅXGjL
WULӇQFӫDÿҩWQѭӟF
PjPuQKÿDQJVӕQJ

/ӏFK
Vӱ
9LӋW1DPWӯQJXӗQJӕFÿӃQJLӳDWKӃ
QҵPWURQJSKҫQO
Vӱ9LӋW

1DP FӫD ViFK
ӏFK
JLiR
Vӱ
FKѭѫQJ
NKRD
 WUuQK
/
, vұ\

PjFKXҭQ
FiF HP KӑF

WKѭӡQJ NK{QJ FҧP WKҩ\ WKtFK WK~ NKL WLӃ

WKӭFUҩWNKyKLӇXYjSKӭFWҥS9uYұ\ÿ

FӫDFiFHPWURQJYLӋFKӑFOӏFKVӱJLDLÿ
QJXӗQJӕFÿӃQJLӳDWK
thì giáo

YLrQ NK{QJ WKӇ Vӱ±
GөQJ
FKpS´
SKѭѫQJSKiS
Yj
±FKpS´
³QKuQ
7ӯ
³ÿӑF
ÿy

th~FWURQJW{LWuPNLӃPYjWuPKLӇXUDPӝ
SPӟLSKKӧSYӟL

LӏFKVӱYjFNJQJTXDYLӋFWuPKLӇXFiFS

QKѭ6LQJDSR1KұW%ҧQ«YӅJLiRGөFWKu

VѫÿӗWѭ

duy WURQJGҥ\KӑF/
ӏFKVӱӣWUѭӡQJ7+37OjSK

WKӭFFӫDKӑFVLQKYjFKӍWKӏFӫDEӝJLi
³NK{QJÿ͕F
±chép ; khơng
nhìn ±FKpS´
.

9ӟLêQJKƭDWKӵFWLӉQYjNKRDKӑFÿy
³6͵GͭQJV˯ÿ͛

WURQJ G̩\
O͓FK
K͕F
V͵
Wͳ
9L͏W
QJX͛Q
1DP
JLͷD
J͙FWK͇
ÿ͇Q Nͽ ;,;
±
6

FK˱˯QJWUuQK
FKX̱Q
ͧFiFWU˱ͥQJSK͝WK{QJWUrQ
2. /ӏFK

VӱQJKLrQFӭXYҩQÿӅ

9Ӆ
SKѭѫQJ SKiS
ӏFK
Gҥ\
Vӱ
KӑF
Fy WKӇ
/
NӇ ÿӃQ
7̵S
bài QKӳQJ

JL̫QJ SK˱˯QJ SKiS
(2007) G̩\
FӫD
HoàngK͕F
Thanh Tú
O͓FK
1JRjL
V͵
QKӳQ

GXQJFKӫ\ӃXOjFiFEj
LJLҧQJYӅSKѭѫQJSKiSGҥ\KӑF
ӏFKVӱWiFJLҧ

QKLӅX YӅQJ
PӝW

ÿәL
VӕPӟL
Kѭӟ SKѭѫQJ
ӏFK
WURQJ
SKiS
Vӱ
Gҥ\
ÿy Fy
KӑFS

SKiSVӱGөQJVѫÿ
ӗWѭGX\WURQJGҥ\KӑF
LӏFKVӱ
Tuy nhiên, GѭӟLJyF
ÿӝQJKLrQF

FKXQJYӅSKѭѫQJSKiSGҥ\KӑFFKRQrQWi

VkXYjRSKѭѫQJSKiSVӱG
өQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\WURQJGҥ\K
ӏFKVӱWӯ
QJXӗQJӕFÿ
JLӳDWKӃNӹ;,;
.

3KDQ1JӑF
/LrQYӟLWiFSKҭP
Ĉ͝LPͣ
LQ͡LGXQJSK˱˯QJSKiS

͓FKV͵ͧ

WU˱ͥQJSK͝WK{QJ
(2008). ĈmWUuQKEj
\UҩWQKLӅXQӝLGXQJNLӃ
ӏFKVӱFҫQ

ÿәL PӟL ÿӗQJ WKӡL YӟL ÿy
KӑF
lӏFK
Oj Vӵ
VӱWKD\
ӣ WUѭӡ
ÿ

thông. 7URQJ QӝL
YӅ
GXQJ
ÿәL
YLӃW
PӟLGҥ\
SKѭѫQJ
lӏFK
KӑFSKiS
Vӱ ӣ WUѭӡ

WK{QJWKuFyÿӅFұSÿӃQSKѭѫQJSKiSPӟL
өQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\WUR
ӏFK
VӱQKѭQJFNJQJFKӍGѭӟLGҥQJVѫOѭӧF

.

7URQJ PӝW6͵
Vӕ
GͭQJ
EjL
V˯
YLӃW
ÿ͛
QJ
³
W˱
G̩\
GX\
͓FK
K͕F
WUR
V͵
/ ͧ WU

THPT´
(2012) FӫD WiF
1JX\ӉQ
JLҧ&Kt
ÿm7KXұQ
WUuQK Ej\
ұQ OӧL
1KӳQJ
Yj
W

4

NKăQWURQJYLӋFGҥ
\KӑF/
ӏFKVӱӣ
THPT KLӋQQD\YjWҫPTXDQWU
ng

VѫÿӗWѭGX\WURQJGҥ\KӑF/ӏ
FKVӱӣ
WUѭӡQJ
THPT. Tuy nhiên, WiFSKҭPFKӍG
QJOҥL

ӣPӭFNKiLTXiWFKX
QJFKXQJFKѭDÿLVkXYjRWӯQJJ
9LӋW

1DPQKѭWӯQJXӗQJӕFÿӃQJLӳDWKӃNӹ;,;
FNJQJQKѭ
FiFJLDLÿRҥQOӏF
9LӋW1DP
YjOӏFKVӱWKӃJLӟLNKiF

Ngoài ra, trong WiFSKҭP³
Các FRQÿ˱ͥQJEL͏QSKiSQkQJ

O͓FKV͵

ͧWU˱ͥQJ
THPT´

FӫD1JX\ӉQ7Kӏ&{LFyÿӅ

YjELӋQ
SKiSQkQJFDRKLӋXTXҧGҥ\KӑF/
ӏFKVӱӣWUѭӡQJ
THPT WURQJÿyFyJL

Yj WUuQK Ej\ YӅ SKѭѫQJ SKiS Vӱ GөQJ Vѫ

THPT, Tuy nhiên tác SKҭPFNJQJNK{QJÿLVkXYjWUuQ
Ej\ÿҫ\ÿӫFiFNK
YҩQÿӅ
.

Nhìn chung, VӕF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFӭXYӅYҩQ
өQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\

KӑF
lӏFKVӱOjNK{QJtW
7X\QKLrQÿDVӕFiFF{QJWU

WKӇPDQJWtQK
FKҩW
khái quát, PӝWVӕWiFSKҭP
mang WtQKFKҩWFKӫTXD
.

TӯWUѭӟFWӟLQD\
QJKLrQ
FKѭDFyF{QJWUuQK
EjLYLӃW
FӭXQjR
QjR
VkXYjR
ÿL
YLӋ

GөQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\WURQJPӝWEjLKӑFPӝW

trình nghirQFӭXQj\VӁJ
iúp cho chúng tôi FyPӝWFiFKQKuQFKL
WLӃWFөWKӇY

Gҥ\KӑF/
ӏFKVӱӣ
7UѭӡQJ
7+37YjYLӋFVӱG
өQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\WURQ
ӏFKVӱ
Wӯ
QJXӗQJӕFÿӃQJLӳDWKӃNӍ
XIX.
ĈӕLWѭӧQJSKҥPYLQJKLrQFӭX
Ĉ͙LW˱ͫQJQJKLrQFͱX

*LӟL
WKLӋXYjVRҥQJL

ҧQJP{Q/
ӏFKVӱSKҫQOӏFKVӱ
9LӋW1DP
Wӯ
QJXӗQJӕFÿ

JLӳDWKӃNӹ;,;
WKHRSKѭѫQJSKiSVӱGөQJVѫÿӗWѭ
3K̩PYLQJ
hLrQFͱX

ĈӅWjLFӫD
chúng W{LFKӍWұSWUXQJQJKLrQFӭXYL
KӑFOӏF
KVӱ
9LӋW1DP
WӯQJXӗQJӕFÿӃQ
JLӳDWKӃNӹ;,;
(FKѭѫQJWUuQK
FKXҭQ
- OӟS
10)
4. 0өFÿtFKQJKLrQFӭX

1JKLrQFӭXÿӅWjLQj\QKҵPWuP
WKXұQOӧLWURQ
KLӇXQ

Gҥ\ KӑF
ӏFK/

Vӱ SKә
ӋQ
QD\
WK{QJ
ÿӗQJ
KL WKӡL QҳP ÿѭӧF Nƭ

dөQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\WURQJGҥ\K
ӑF
lӏFK
VӱWӯQJXӗQJӕFÿӃQ
JLӳDWKӃNӹ;,;
. 9LӋFVӱ

GөQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\
WURQJJLDLÿRҥQQj\
FyWiFGXQJYjOӧL
ích QKѭWKӃQjRÿӕL

Gҥ\
KӑF
lӏFKVӱFӫDJLiRYLrQYjKӑFVLQKKLӋ
1JXӗQWѭOLӋX
và pKѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭX
1JXӗQWjLOLӋX


5

ĈӇ

WKӵFKLӋQÿӅWjLQj\FK~QJW{LVӱGөQ

F{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFӭXFiFWѭOLӋXOLrQ
:HE%iRÿLӋQW
ӱWҥSFK

QJKLrQFӭXNKRDKӑF
, FNJQJQKѭ
PӝWVӕ
WjLOLӋXWKDPNKҧRNKiF
5.23KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭX

9ӟLÿӅWjL³
6ӱ
GөQJVѫÿ
ӗWѭGX\WURQJGҥ\KӑF/
ӏFKVӱWӯ
QJXӗQJӕFÿӃQ
NӍ
XIX´ÿm
VӱGөQJSKѭѫQJSKiS
VӱKӑFPiF[tW
,.

%rQ FҥQK
Chúng W{L
ÿy Vӱ GөQJ
SKѭѫQJSKiS
PӝW Vӕ
QJKLrQ Fӭ

QKѭSKѭѫQJSKiSNKDLWKiFWjLOLӋXWKjQ
SKѭѫQJ
pháp Lơgic, SKѭѫQJSKiS

VӱÿӇWuPKLӇXFiFVӵYұWKLӋQWѭӧQJ
OӏFKVӱFiFSKѭѫQJSKiS

FKLӃX«FiFWjLOLӋXOӏFKVӱ
ÿӇU~WUDQKӳQJQKұQ[pWNKRD
6ĈyQJJySFӫDÿӅWjL

7uPKLӇXYӅYLӋFVӱGөQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\
OӏFKVӱӣ
THPT ӣQѭӟFWD

WURQJJLDLÿRҥQWӯQJXӗQJӕFÿӃQ
JLӳDWKӃNӍ;,;
QJRjLêQJKƭDFXQJ

pháp dҥ\KӑFFөWKӇFKRYLӋFGҥ\KӑF
lӏFKVӱKLӋQQD\JL~SFK

UDÿѭѫFPӝWSKѭѫQJ
pháp KӑFWұSPӟL
ÿyOjSKѭѫQJSKiSVӱGөQ
ÿӗWѭGX\FK

FҧFiF
P{QKӑFQyLFKXQJYjP{Q/

ӏFKVӱQyLULrQJYuTXDQ
KLrQFӭXYӅVѫ

chúng WDFyWKӇWKҩ\VѫÿӗWѭGX\FyWKӇiS
FyKLӋX

TXҧ
cao và ít WӕQ
NpPWKӡLJLDQÿӕLYӟL
KӑFVLQK&zQÿӕLYӟLJ
YLrQYLӋFV

VѫÿӗWѭGX\WURQJJLҧQJGҥ\JL~SKӑFy
X\ӅQWҧL

NLӃQWKӭFÿӃQKӑFVLQKWҥRFKRKӑFVLQ
~FiFP{QK
nói chung và mơn lӏFKVӱQyLULrQJ

%rQFҥQKÿy
, ÿӅWjLVӁWұSKӧSWѭ
OLӋXSKөFYөFKRYLӋFKӑF

ÿӗQJ WKӡL UqQ OX\ӋQ Nƭ QăQJ YLӃW FNJQJ Q
QJXӗQWjLOLӋX
7%ӕFөFÿӅWjL

1JRjLSKҫQPӣÿҫXNӃWOXұQSKөOөF
NKҧRQӝLGXQJFӫ
3 FKѭѫQJ

:

&KѭѫQJ
&ѫVӣOêOXұQYjWKӵFWLӉQFӫDYL

SKҫQ
OӏFKVӱ9LӋW1DP
WӯQJXӗQJӕFÿӃQJLӳDWKӃNӹ;
- &7FKXҭQ


FiFWUѭӡQJSKәWK{QJWUrQÿӏDEjQWKjQK

&KѭѫQJ+ӋWKӕQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\WURQJ
\KӑFSKҫQOӏFKVӱ9

JӕFÿӃQJLӳDWKӃNӹ;,;6*.OӟS
- &7FKXҭQ
ӣFiFWUѭӡQJ7


6

&KѭѫQJ0ӝWVӕKuQKWKӭFYjELӋQSKi

OӏFK Vӱ 9LӋW 1DP Wӯ QJXӗQ
 6*.
JӕF
- OӟS
&7

ÿӃQ
FKXҭQ


ӣ
JLӳD
WUѭӡQJ7+37WUrQÿӏDEjQ73Ĉj1ҹQJ
.
1Ӝ,'81*

&+ѬѪ1*
: &Ѫ6Ӣ/é/8Ұ19¬7+Ӵ&7,ӈ1&Ӫ$9

ĈӖ7Ѭ'8<7521*'Ҥ<+Ӑ&3+Ҫ1/6917Ӯ1*

7+ӂ .Ӹ ;,; 6*.
- &7/Ӟ3
&+8Ҭ1

  &ẩ& 751* 3+
+&7+é1*75ầ1$%ơ17+ơ1+3+ơ1
1*
&
VOtOXQ
.KiLQLP6WGX\

6
WGX\
(Mindmap) l KuQKWKFJKLFKpSVGQJ

WuP WzL jR VkX Pͧ U͡QJ P͡W ê W˱ͧQJ W

WK͙QJKyDP͡WFKͯÿ͉
[3; tr43]. Ĉk\OjFiFKÿӇ
JKLQKӟFKLWLӃWÿӇ

SKkQWtFKPӝWYҩQÿӅUDWKjQKPӝWGҥQJ
máy tính,

QJRjLNKҧQăQJJKLQKӟNLӇXWX\ӃQWtQK
WӵQKҩWÿӏQKF

QKѭWUuQKWӵELӃQFӕ[XҩWKLӋQFӫDFk

OLrQKӋFiFGӳNLӋQYӟLQKDX3KѭѫQJSK
não.

3KѭѫQJSKiSQj\FyOӁÿmÿѭӧFQKLӅXQJ
ѭQJQyFKѭDE

ÿѭӧFKӋWKӕQJKyDYjÿѭӧFQJKLrQFӭXNƭ

FKӍÿѭӧFGQJWҧQPҥQWURQJJLӟLVLQKYL

Ĉk\OjPӝWNƭWKXұWÿӇQkQJFDRFiFKJ

FӫDYҩQÿӅÿѭӧFFKӍUDGѭӟLGҥQJPӝWKuQ

EҵQJFiFÿѭӡQJQӕL9ӟLFiFKWKӭFÿyFi
YjQKDQKFKyQJKѫQ

7KD\YuGQJFKӳYLӃWÿӇPLrXWҧPӝWF
~FFKLWLӃW

PӝWÿӕLWѭӧQJEҵQJKuQKҧQKKDLFKLӅX1

KӛWѭѫQJJLӳDFiFNKiLQLӋPKD\ê
FyO
ErQWURQJFӫDPӝWYҩQÿӅOӟQ
1.1.1.1. Cách W̩RV˯ÿ͛W˱GX\

6ӱGөQJQ
KӳQJWӯFKtQKKRһFQKӳQJKuQKҧQK
%ҳWÿҫXWӯWUX

WULӇQNKDLUD
(QrQGQJKuQKҧQK
7ҥLVDROҥLSK

WKӇGLӉQÿҥWÿѭӧFFҧQJjQWӯYjJL~SEҥ

ҧQKӣWUXQJWkPV
ӁJL~SFK~QJWDWұSWUXQJÿѭӧFYj


7

SKҩQKѫ
n. %rQFҥQKÿy&K~QJWDSKҧLOX{QVӱ

WiFGөQJNtFKWKtFKQmRQKѭKuQKҧQK
9uYұ\
cҫQWҥR
FKRWUXQJWkPPӝW

UjQJYj³PҥQK´PLrXWҧ
ÿѭ
ӧFQӝLGXQJWәQJTXi
WFӫDWRjQEӝPLQGP

6DXÿy
WҥR
các trung tkPQKiQKYjFiFFKLWLӃWQKiQ
6DXÿyQӕLFiFQ

FҩS PӝW
 ÿӃQ KuQK ҧQK WUXQJ WkP QӕL F

PӝW QӕL FiF QKiQK FҩS
ҵQJ
ED
FiF
ÿӃQ
ÿѭӡQJ
QKiQK
Nҿ
FҩS

FjQJӣJҫQKuQKҧQKWUXQJWkPWKuFjQJ

FiFÿѭӡQJYӟLQKDXEҥQVӁKLӇXYjQKӟ

WDOjPYLӋFEҵQJVӵOLrQWѭӣQJ0ӛLWӯ
KuQKҧQKPӛLêQrQ
ÿӭQJÿӝFOұSYj

WUrQPӝWÿѭӡQJNҿ
ĈһWQKӳQJWӯWUӑQJWkPYjRQKӳQ

các ghi chú. 1rQGQJFiFÿѭӡQJNҿFRQJWKD\Yu

ÿѭӧFWәFKӭFU}UjQJVӁWKXK~WÿѭӧFVӵ
Ngoài ra, NKLYӁ

QKӳQJ
WUѭӡQJKӧSVDXSKҧLSKkQELӋWU}KѫQ

FyWURQJWUuQKEj\WKuNK{QJQrQÿѭDYjR
&K~QJWDSKҧLFyF
ѭGX\KDL

FKLӅXSKҧQELӋQ
6ӱGөQJPNJLWrQELӇX
ӍUDVӵO

NӃW1ӃXFҥQNLӋWVX\QJKƭWKuFKX\ӇQVD

OêQJD\NKLQJKƭUDQy
&ҫQVӱGөQJFkXWӯQJҳQJӑQÿӇ

JӑQGӉQKuQWҥRFKRQJѭӡLGQJFyWKӇS
duy và

JKL QKӟEjL
4XDQ WUӑQJ
KӑF
Oj
ҥR
FK~QJ
UD
ӝWP
NLӇX
WDEҧQ
QrQÿӗ
W
UL
(kLӇXÿѭӡQJNҿPjXVҳFKuQKҧQK
,...).

,QUDJLҩ\KѫQOjYLӃWWD\YuOjPFKR
%rQFҥQKÿy

GөQJPjXVҳFÿӇOjPQәLEұWYҩQÿ
Ӆ
WҥRQKӳQJҩ
QWѭӧQJQJD\WӯEDQ

WLӃS[~FYӟLVѫÿӗĈӕLYӟLQKӳQJEҥQP
WѭGX\
QrQYӁ

VѫÿӗWѭGX\EҵQJWD\WUѭӟF
ÿӇWҥRFKRPuQK
PӝWWKy
i quen WѭGX\PӟL
NKLÿmWKj

WKҥRYӟLFiFKWҥRVѫÿӗWѭGX\WKuFyWK
ӳQJSKҫQPӅPÿӇWҥR

ĈLӅXTXDQWUӑQJQKҩWOjFKRGEҥQVӱGө

QKӳQJSKҫQ PӅPFKӍ YӁUDQKӳQJFiL PjF

ÿҫXFKӭNK{QJOjPWҩWFҧPӑLYLӋFFKRFK
PӅPVѫÿӗWѭGX

QKӳQJKuQKҧQKKuQKWKӭFErQQJzDLYӅ
ĈһFELӋWFK~êN
KLKӃWJLҩ

WUuQKEj\WKuÿӯQJQrQWKD\PӝWWӡJLҩ\

vào. Chính YuYұ\
TXDQWUӑQJFK~QJWDELӃWWѭGX\
ҥRUDVѫÿӗWѭG

WUѭӟF
ÿy
FzQYLӋFVӱGөQJFiFSKҫQPӅPWҥRVѫ

WKӇWuPKLӇX
không sao.
7L͇QWUuQK
P͡WWL͇WG̩\WKHRV˯ÿ͛W˱GX\


8

7UѭӟFNKL iS GөQJ
өQJ
SKѭѫQJSKiS
Vѫ ÿӗ Wѭ GX\
ӏFK
6ӱWURQJ
G
Vӱ ӣ

7UѭӡQ
g THPT (OӟS
- &KѭѫQJWUuQK
) JLiR
FKXҭQ
YLrQ JLӟLWKLӋX

PӝWVӕÿRҥQSKLPQJҳQFyJӱLNqPWKHR
KRһF86%

FKRKӑFVLQK

TXҧFӫDYLӋFVӱGөQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\NKLJ

VѫÿӗWѭGX\JӗP
QӝLGXQJFҧEjLKӑFWUrQPӝWWUD

KӑFVLQKVӁUҩWWKtFKWK~YӟLPӛLWiFSK

/ұSVѫÿӗWѭGX\KRһFVѫÿӗêWѭӣQJ


YLӃWUDQKӳQJêNKiFOLrQTXDQWӓDUDW
ӯWUXQJWkP%ҵQJFiFKW

WѭӣQJFKӫFKӕWÿѭӧFYLӃWEҵQJWӯQJӳFӫ

TXDQ Yj NӃW QӕL JLӳD QKӳQJ ê WѭӣQJ OҥL

7ѭѫQJ Wӵ QӃX KӑF VLQK
 Qy
OұS
VӁ
PӝW
JL~S
Vѫ
KӑF
ÿӗ VL
N

QKӳQJWK{QJWLQPӟLYjQҳPNLӃQWKӭFVkX

+ѭӟQJGүQKӑFVLQKVӱGөQJQKӳQJÿѭӡQJ

QKӳQJFiFKNKiFÿӇWKӇKLӋQNӃWQӕLJLӳ

GX\FӫDKӑFVLQK
1KӳQJPӕLTXDQKӋQj\VӁTXDQ

QKӳQJWK{QJWLQPӟLKRһF[k\GӵQJFҩXW

VѫÿӗYӟLQKӳQJNêKLӋXYjWKLӃWNӃULrQ

QKӳQJ PӕL TXDQKӋWUӵF
TXDQYjFyêQJKƭDJLӳDQKӳQJ

KӑFVLQKUҩWQKLӅXWURQJYLӋFJӧLQKӟYj

éWѭӣQJFӫDEҧQÿӗWѭGX\OjVX\QJKƭ

WX\ӃQ WtQK&y UҩW QKLӅX WKӡLJLDQ
QJ ӣ EѭӟF
ÿӇ F
ÿ

WLrQYLӋFÿѭDPӑLNKҧQăQJYjREҧQÿӗO

QăQJWѭӣQJQKѭOjNK{QJWKӇҩ\OҥLWUӣ
WKӭFÿy

9jLKӑFVLQKSKiWKLӋQUҵQJVӱGөQJQK
K~WFiFHPF

êYjRQKӳQJÿLӇPFKtQK&KӳYLӃWKRDFNJ
KӑFVLQKFyWKӇYLӃWYjLJKLFK~JLҧL

WKӃÿӇNKLFҫQ[HPOҥLEҧQÿӗWѭGX\Pӝ
NKiFOҥLGQ
JKLOҥLQKӳQJÿiQKJLiSKrEuQK

+ҫXKӃWKӑFVLQKÿӅXWKҩ\WLӋQGөQJNK

FӫD FiF HP WKHR FKLӅX QJDQJ ĈһW ê WѭӣQ

JLҩ\WDVӁFyFyNK{QJJLDQWӕLÿDFKR
JêNKiFWӓDUDWӯWUX

9jLVѫÿӗWѭGX\KӳXGөQJQKҩWWKѭӡQJ

PӝWNKRҧQJWKӡLJLDQGjLWLӃSWөFVDXQ


9

YӁEDQÿҫXKӑFVLQKFyWKӇPXӕQOjPQә
JWLQKRһFWK

FkXKӓL9uYұ\ÿӇWUӕQJQKLӅXFKӛWUrQ
WKrPYjRQKӳQJêWѭӣQJPӟL
™ +˱ͣQJG̳QK͕FVLQKOjPV˯ÿ͛W˱GX\

*LiRYLrQFyWKӇKѭӟQJGүQKӑFVLQKKӋ
ÿӗWѭ

GX\WҥLOӟSKӑFQKѭVDX

- %ҳWÿҫXӣWUXQJWkPYӟLPӝWEӭFҧQKF

- 6ӱGөQJKuQKҧQKNêKLӋXPұWPmPNJ

- &KӑQQKӳQJWӯNKRiYjYLӃWFK~QJUDE

- 0ӛLWӯKuQKҧQKSKҧLÿӭQJPӝWPu
QKYjWUrQPӝWGzQJULr

- 1KӳQJÿѭӡQJWKҷQJFҫQSKҧLÿѭӧFNӃWQ
EҳWÿҫXWӯEӭFҧQK

- 1KӳQJÿѭӡQJQӕLWӯWUXQJWkPGj\KѫQ
QKӓ
GҫQNKLW
ra xa.

- 1KӳQJÿѭӡQJWKҷQJGjLEҵQJWӯKuQKҧQ
- 6ӱGөQJPjXVҳF
±PұWPmULrQJ
FӫDEҥQ
±WURQJNKҳSVѫÿӗ

- 3KiWKX\SKRQJFiFKFiQKkQULrQJFӫD

- 6ӱGөQJQKӳQJÿLӇPQKҩQYjFKӍUDQKӳ
PӛLKӑFVLQK

- /jPFKRVѫÿӗU}UjQJEҵQJFiFKSKkQ
GjQêÿӇEDRT
XiWFiFQKiQKFӫDVѫÿӗWѭGX\

- 6ѫÿӗWѭGX\FӫDKӑFVLQKOjWjLVҧQ

FiFKWҥRUDQKӳQJJKLFK~WURQJVѫÿӗWѭ

ULrQJPuQKÿӇOjPFKRQyWӕWKѫQ1KӳQJ
WKӇJL~SKӑFV
KLӋXTXҧFӫDYLӋFÿy

6ӱGөQJQKӳQJWӯQJӳÿѫQJLҧQWKӇKLӋQ

EuQK WKѭӡQJ ÿӅX Oj QKӗL QKpW EӣLYu FK

ÿ~QJQJӳFҧQKYjWURQJPӝWGҥQJWKӭFGӉ
RQJVѫÿӗWѭGX\FӫD

WӯNKyDFyêQJKƭDFyWKӇFKX\ӇQWҧLFQ
WӯGѭWKӯDFKӍOjPVѫÿӗOӝQ[ӝQ

&KӳLQ&iFKYLӃWGtQKQKDXKRһFNK{QJ

6ӱGөQJPjXVҳFÿӇWiFKFiFêNKiFQKD
XĈLӅXQj\VӁJL~SKӑ

NKLFҫQWKLӃW1yFNJQJJL~S
KӑFVLQKOjPVѫÿӗWUӵFTXDQ
FNJQJJL~SFKRYLӋFVҳS[ӃSFiFFKӫÿӅ

10

6ӱGөQJQKӳQJNêKLӋXYjKuQKҧQK.KL

ÿyYӟLKӑF
VLQKKm\VӱGөQJFK~QJ+uQKҧQKF
TXҧKѫQOjWӯQJӳ

6ӱGөQJOLrQNӃWÿDQFKpR7K{QJWLQW

ÿӃQSKҫQNKiF.KLÿyKӑFVLQKFyWKӇ

ÿDQFKpR9LӋFQj\VӁJL~SFKRKӑFVLQK
ÿӃQFiFSKҫQNKiF

&K~ê/ұSVѫÿӗWѭGX\OjPӝWFiFKWK

WѭGX\NK{QJFKӍFKRWKҩ\FiFWK{QJWLQ
DPӝWFKӫ
ÿӅYjPӭFÿӝTXDQWUӑQJFӫDQKӳQJSKҫQ

VLQKOLrQNӃWFiFêWѭӣQJYjWҥRFiFNӃW

6DXNKLJLiRYLrQÿmJLӟLWKLӋXTXDVѫ

JLiRYLӋQFyWKӇ
WKӵFKLӋQWLӃQWUuQKGҥ\KӑFEҵQJ

.L͋PWUDEjLFNJ
Giáo viên gӑLKӑFVLQKOrQEҧQJWKX\ӃW

KӑFFNJWUѭӟFOӟS*LiRYLrQYjFiFEҥQN
FVLQKWUҧ

%ҳWEXӝFKӑ
FVLQKSKҧL
FyVѫÿӗWѭGX\EjLKӑFFNJY

VLQKOѭXWURQJEuDJLҩ\KRһFPӝWW~LKӗ
LJLiRYLrQ

WUDWKD\FKRYӣ
JKLEjL+ӑFVLQKFNJQJFyWKӇFy

OӟSWURQJJLӡKӑF9ӅQKj
KӑFVLQKVӁWӵFKӍQKVӱDVѫÿ

KRһFEҵQJSKҫQPӅPYӁVѫÿӗWѭGX\YjOѭ

'̩\EjLPͣL
: *LiRYLrQJLӟLWKLӋXEjLPӟLYjY

EҵQJPӝWKuQKYӁEҩWNuWUr
QEҧQJFӫDOӟSPjNK{QJJKLE

FKR KӑF VLQK QJӗL WKHR QKyP WKҧR OXұQ V

WUѭӟFӣQKjÿӇÿӕLFKLӃXYӟLVѫÿӗWѭGX

*LiRYLrQÿһWFkXKӓLFKӫÿӅQӝLGXQJ
FyPҩ\QKiQKOӟQ

Yj JӑL KӑF VLQK KӑF VLQK OrQ EҧQJ YӁ Qӕ

EҧQJFyJKLFK~WKtFKWrQWӯQJQKiQKOӟQ

6DX NKL KӑF VLQK YӁ [RQJ FiF QKiQK Oӟ

QKiQKWKӭQKҩWFyPҩ\QKiQK
QKӓFҩSVӕWѭѫQJWӵKӑF

VѫÿӗWѭGX\FӫDEjLKӑFPӟLQJD\WҥLO

QKӳQJSKҫQFzQWKLӃXYjRVѫÿӗWѭGX\Fӫ

&ͯQJF͙
: *LiRYLrQJӑLKӑFVLQKOrQEҧQJWU
JVѫÿӗWѭGX\

HPÿmWKӵFKLӋQ*ӑLPӝWYjLHPÿmYӁV
ÿӇ
WҥRVѫÿӗ

duy GQJ86%JҳQYjRPi\WtQKWUuQKFKLӃX