Nghiên cứu quá trình đồng trùng hợp ghép axit acrylic lên axit humic và thăm dò khả năng hấp phụ cd2 pb2 của sản phẩm

ĈҤI HӐ&Ĉ¬1
ҸNG

CӜ1*+Đ$;­+
ӜI CHӪ1*+Ƭ$9,
ӊT NAM

75Ѭ
Ӡ1*Ĉ
ҤI HӐ&6Ѭ3+
ҤM

Ĉӝc lұ
p ±Tӵdo ±Hҥ
QKSK~F

.+2$+Ï$

NHIӊM VӨ/¬0.+Ï$/8
ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP
HӑYjWrQVLQKYLrQ75ѬѪ1*7+
ӎ7+Ô<'ѬѪ1*
Lӟp: 14 CHP

1. 7rQ
ӅWjL
ÿ
³
ӭX
1JKLrQ
TXi

ruQK
ӗQJ
Wÿ
F WUQJ
ӧp JKp
p D[LW
K
DFU\OLF
KXPLFYjWKăPGzNK
ҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phөCd2+, Pb2+ cӫ
a sҧ
n phҭ
P´
2. 1JX\rQOL
Ӌ
XKyDFK
ҩ
t, dө
ng cө
- 1JX\rQOL
Ӌ
u: 7KDQEQÿѭ
ӧc lҩ
y ӣhӗBҫ
u Sҩ
X/LrQ&KL
Ӈ
XĈj1

ҹ
ng.
- +yDFK
ҩ
t: Axit acrylic (PA- Trung Quӕ
c), dung dӏ
ch NaOH, HCl, I2 tinh thӇ
, KI
tinh thӇ
, HgCl2, ӕng chuҭ
n Na2S2O3 0.1 N, etanol 99.6 %, (NH4)2S2O8, buQK
NKt1
2,

hydroquinol 1%, hӗtinh bӝt 1%, ӕ
ng chuҭ
n MgSO4 0.1N, trilon B, eULRFURPÿH
,
NH4OH, NH4Cl, dung dӏ
ch H2SO4 Yj +12
3 10%, Pb(NO3)2, Cd(NO3)2.4H2O,
MgSO4.7H2O
- Dө
ng cө: &kQ SKkQ
, mi\
WtFK
ÿR
, rk\
S+
ӡQJ

ÿѭ NtQK
, dөng
PP
cөthӫy
tinh,buQKÿ
ӵQJNKt1
Ӆ
XiS
, tӫsҩ
\OzQXQJ
, bXUHWSLSHW«
2 FyYDQÿL
3. NӝLGXQJQJKLrQF
ӭu
- Tinh chӃaxit humic tӯWKDQEQ
- TiӃ
QKjQKÿ
ӗ
QJWUQJK
ӧSJKpS
- TiӃ
QKjQKK
ҩ
p phөion kim loҥ
i nһ
ng.
*LiRYLrQKѭ
ӟng dү
n: TS. Trҫ
n Mҥ

nh Lө
c
1Jj\JLDRÿ
ӅWjL
1Jj\KRjQWKjQKÿ
ӅWjL
3/4/2018
ChӫnhiӋ
m khoa

3*676/r7
ӵHҧ
i

*LiRYLrQKѭ
ӟng dү
n

TS.Trҫ
n Mҥ
nh Lөc


LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1

Trong su͙t thͥi gian h͕
c t̵SYjQJKLrQF
ͱu, th̯\F{JLDÿuQK
YjE
̩QEqÿmOX{QOX{Qÿ

͡QJYLrQJL~Sÿ
ͩYjW
̩o m͕LÿL
͉
u ki͏
n nh̭t
ÿ
͋HPKRjQWKjQKOX
̵QYăQW
͙
t nghi͏
SQj\
VͣLOzQJEL
͇
W˯QVkXV
̷c, em xin c̫P˯QWK
̯y Tr̯n M̩
nh Lͭc K˱
ͣng
d̳n t̵QWuQKFK
͑b̫R Yjÿ
͡QJYLrQHPWURQJVX
͙t thͥi gian h͕c t̵p
QJKLrQF
ͱXYjKRjQWKjQKOX
̵
QYăQ
(P[LQFKkQWKjQKF
̫P˯QFiFWK
̯\F{JLiRJL

̫ng d̩y ͧFiFE
͡P{Q
FiFWK
̯
\F{F{QJWiFW
̩LSKzQJWKtQJKL
͏
P.KRD+yDWU˱
ͥQJĈ
̩i h͕c
6˱3K
̩
PĈ
̩
i h͕
FĈj1
̽ng.
Xin c̫P ˯Q
͙ḿ

E JLD
̩Q
ÿuQK
Eq ÿm
E ͡
OX{Q
QJ YLrQ
͡
OX{Q
ng

ÿÿ
YLrQ
̯Q JNJL
J
HP
͙t thͥ
WURQJ
i gian h͕c t̵
S
VXYj QJKLrQ
ͱX KRjQ
F
WKjQKNKyDOX
̵
QQj\

%˱
ͣFÿ
̯XOjPTXHQY
ͣLQJKLrQF
ͱu khoa h͕c, lu̵
QYăQNK{QJWUi
kh͗i nhͷng thi͇
XVyWHP
r̭t mong nhͷnJJySêE
͝sung cͯa th̯
\F{
YjFiFE
̩
Qÿ

͋lu̵QYăQKRjQWKL
͏
QK˯Q
Cu͙
LFQJHP[LQNtQKFK~FTXêWK
̯
\F{YjFiFE
̩n sͱc kh͗e, h̩nh
SK~FYjWKjQKF{QJWURQJFX
͡c s͙ng.
Ĉj1
̽QJQJj\
23 WKiQJ
4 năP
6LQKYLrQ
7U˱˯QJ7K
͓7K\'˱˯QJ


DANH MӨ&&È&&+
Ӳ VIӂT TҲT

AA

: Axit acrylic

AH

: Axit humic

APS

: Amonipesunfat

BET

: Braunauer ±Emmet ±Tellar

DTA/TG

: Differential Thermal Analyzer/Thermalgravimetric

kAH

: HӋsӕNK{NL
Ӌ
t cӫa axit humic

kTB*

: HӋsӕNK{NL
Ӌ
t cӫDWKDQEQKR
ҥ
WKyD

TC%

Ĉ
ӝchuyӇ

QKyD

TGA

: Thermal gravimetric analysis

EDTA

: Etilendiamintetraaxetic axit

ET-OO

(ULRFURP7ÿHQ

IR

: Hӗ
ng ngoҥ
i (Infrared)

SEM

.tQKKL
Ӈ
QYLÿL
Ӌ
n tӱTXpW6FDQQLQJ(OHFWU


MӨC LӨC

MӢ ĈҪU .....................................................................................................................1
&+ѬѪ1*7
ӘNG QUAN Vӄ&Ѫ6
Ӣ/Ë7+8<
ӂT .........................................4
1.1. Giӟi thiӋ
u vӅaxit humic .......................................................................................4
1.1.1 Nguӗn gӕ
c .......................................................................................................4
Ĉ
һ
FÿL
Ӈ
m cӫ
a axit humic ...............................................................................4
1.1.3. Ӭng dө
ng cӫ
a axit humic trong Q{QJ
nghiӋ
p Yj
m{L
trѭӡng. ........................6
1.1.4. Bҧ
n chҩ
WWѭѫQJWiFF
ӫ
a axit humic vӟi ion kim loҥ
i trong dung dӏ
FKQѭ
ӟc. .8

1.1.6. Ҧnh hѭӣng sinh KyD
cӫa kim loҥ
i nһ
ng ÿ
ӕi vӟi con ngѭӡi YjVLQK
vұ
t ........13
$[LWDFU\OLFYjWiFQKkQNKѫLPjR
.....................................................................13
1.2.1. Axit acrylic ..................................................................................................13
1.2.17tQKFK
ҩ
t vұ
WOê
.........................................................................................13
7tQKFK
ҩ
WKyDK
ӑ
c......................................................................................14
ĈL
Ӆ
u chӃaxit acrylic .................................................................................15
1.2.1.4. Ӭng dөng cӫ
a axit acrylic .........................................................................15
7iFQKkQNKѫLPjR+
ӋAmonipesunfat (APS) ...........................................15
1.3. Phҧ
n ӭng ÿӗ
QJWUQJK

ӧSJKpS
.........................................................................17
&iF\
Ӄ
u tӕҧ
QKKѭ
ӣQJÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKÿ
ӗQJWUQJK
ӧSJKpS
..........................18
1.3.1.1. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nhiӋ
Wÿ
ӝ............................................................................18
1.3.1.2. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa thӡi gian ..........................................................................18
1.3.1.3. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa cҩ
XWU~FYjKjPOѭ
ӧng monome ......................................19
1.3.1.4. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nӗ
QJÿ
ӝchҩ
WNKѫLPjR
....................................................19
1.3.1.5. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa pH ....................................................................................19

1.3.1.6. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa oxi ...................................................................................20


&ѫFK
Ӄphҧ
n ӭQJÿ
ӗ
QJWUQJK
ӧSJKpS$$OrQD[LWKXPL
ӱdөng hӋNKѫL
PjR$36
................................................................................................................20
7tQKFK
ҩ
WYjÿ
ӝ
FWtQKP
ӝt sӕkim loҥ
i nһ
QJÿL
Ӈ
QKuQK
.......................................22
.KiLTXiWFKXQJY
Ӆkim loҥ
i nһ
ng ...............................................................22

7tQKFK

ҩ
WYjÿ
ӝ
FWtQKF
ӫ
DP{WV
ӕkim loҥ
i nһ
QJÿL
Ӈ
QKuQK
&Ku&DGLPL
.....23
&Ku3E

......................................................................................................23
1.4.2.2. Cadimi .......................................................................................................25
1.5. Hҩ
p thөion kim loҥ
i nһ
QJWURQJQѭ
ӟc ...............................................................26
&ѫFK
Ӄhҩ
p phө............................................................................................26
&iF\
Ӄ
u tӕҧ
QKKѭ
ӣQJÿ

Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKK
ҩ
p phө..............................................27
1.5.2.1. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nhiӋ
Wÿ
ӝYjWK
ӡi gian........................................................27
1.5.2.2. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫDWtQKWѭѫQJÿ
ӗng ...............................................................28
1.5.2.3. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa pH ....................................................................................28
1.5.2.4 ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nӗ
QJÿ
ӝion kim loҥ
i nһ
ng ...............................................29
1.5.2.5 ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa diӋ
QWtFKE
Ӆmһ
t chҩ
t rҳ
n ..................................................29
3KѭѫQJWUuQKK
ҩ
p phөÿ

ҷ
ng nhiӋ
t Langmuir ................................................29
&+ѬѪ1*7+
ӴC NGHIӊM .............................................................................34
1JX\rQOL
Ӌ
u, dө
ng cөYjKyDFK
ҩ
t ......................................................................34
1JX\rQOL
Ӌ
u ..................................................................................................34
+yDFK
ҩ
t .......................................................................................................34
2.1.3. Dө
ng cө........................................................................................................35
7iFKD[LWKXPLFW
ӯWKDQEQYj[iFÿ
ӏ
nh mӝt sӕÿ
һ
FWtQKOtKyD
........................35
7iFKD[LWKXPLFW
ӯWKDQEQ
.........................................................................35

2.2.2. XiFÿ
ӏ
nh mӝt sӕÿ
һ
FWtQKOtKyDF
ӫDWKDQEQKR
ҥ
WKyDYjD[LWKX
........35
2.2.2.1. XiFÿ
ӏ
QKKjPOѭ
ӧng tro ............................................................................35


;iFÿ
ӏ
QKOѭ
ӧQJQѭ
ӟFK~W
ҭ
PNK{QJNKt
...................................................36
2.3. TiӃ
QKjQKÿ
ӗ
QJWUQJK
ӧSJKpS
.........................................................................37

&iF\
Ӄ
u tӕkhҧ
RViWF
ӫ
DTXiWUuQKÿ
ӗQJWUQJK
ӧSJKpSY
ӟi chҩ
WNKѫLPjR
APS ........................................................................................................................38
[iFÿ
ӏ
QKÿ
ӝchuyӇ
QKyD
......................................................................................38
&iFK[iFÿ
ӏ
QKÿ
ӝchuyӇ
QKyD
......................................................................39
2+
2.5. Khҧ
RViWNK
ҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phөcӫa Cd2+ Yj3E
trong dung dӏ

ch cӫa sҧ
n phҭ
m
JKpS
...........................................................................................................................40

&iFKWL
Ӄ
QKjQK
.............................................................................................40
&iF\
Ӄ
u tӕҧ
QKKѭ
ӣQJÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKK
ҩ
p phөcҫ
n khҧ
RViW
.........................41
CHѬѪ1*.
ӂT QUҦ9¬7+
ҦO LUҰN ........................................................42
3.1. Tinh chӃaxit humic tӯWKDQEQYj[iFÿ
ӏ
nh mӝ
t sӕÿ
һ

FWtQKKyDOê
................42
Ĉ
ӏ
DÿL
Ӈ
m lҩ
y mү
XYjÿ
һ
FWtQKQJX\rQOL
Ӌ
u ..................................................42
6ѫÿ
ӗtinh chӃaxit humic tӯWKDQEQ
.........................................................42

3.2. KӃ
t quҧWKtQJKL
Ӌ
P[iFÿ
ӏ
nh mӝ
t sӕÿһ
FWtQK
OêKyDF
ӫ
DWKDQEQÿmK
ҥ
WKyDYj

axit humic tinh chӃ....................................................................................................43
3.2.1. KӃ
t quҧWKtQJKL
Ӌ
P[iFÿ
ӏ
QKKjPOѭ
ӧng tro ................................................43
3.2.2. KӃ
t quҧWKt
nghiӋ
P[iFÿ
ӏ
QKKjPOѭ
ӧQJK~W
ҭ
PNK{QJNKt
........................44
3.3. Phәhӗng ngoҥ
i, ҧ
QK6(0YjJL
ҧ
Qÿ
ӗSKkQWtFKQKL
Ӌ
t cӫa mү
u AH ..................45
3.3.1. Phәhӗng ngoҥ
i cӫ
a axit humic tinh chӃ......................................................45

3.3.2. Giҧ
Qÿ
ӗSKkQWtFKQKL
Ӌ
t DTA/TG ................................................................46
.tQKKL
Ӈ
QYLÿL
Ӌ
n tӱTXpWF
ӫa mү
u axit humic .............................................47

Ĉ
ӗ
QJWUQJK
ӧSJKpS$$OrQ$+V
ӱdөQJWiFQKkQNKѫLPjR
.................48
3.4.1. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nhiӋ
Wÿ
ӝÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKJKpS
................................................48

3.4.3. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nӗQJÿ
ӝchҩ

WNKѫLPjRDPRQLSHVXQIDW
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQK
...............................................................................................................................51


3.4.4. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫDKjPOѭ
ӧQJPRQRPHÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQK
JKpS
............................52
3.4.5. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫDS+ÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKJKpS
........................................................53
Ĉ
һ
FWtQKKyDOêF
ӫa sҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS
....................................................................54
3.5.1. Phәhӗng ngoҥ
i cӫ
a sҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS

.............................................................54
.tQKKL
Ӈ
QYLÿL
Ӌ
n tӱTXpWF
ӫa sҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS
..............................................55
3.5.3. Giҧ
Qÿ
ӗSKkQWtFKQKL
Ӌ
t trӑQJWUѭ
ӡng cӫa sҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS
...........................55
3.6. Khҧ
RViWNK
ҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phөion kim loҥ
i nһ
ng cӫa sҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS
...................56
3.6.1. ҦQKKѭ

ӣng cӫa thӡLJLDQÿ
Ӄ
n khҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phө.........................................56
3.6.2. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫDS+ÿ
Ӄ
n khҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phө...................................................58
3.6.3. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nӗQJÿ
ӝÿ
ҫ
Xÿ
Ӄ
n khҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phө;iFÿ
ӏ
nh tҧ
i trӑ
ng hҩ
p
phөcӵFÿ
ҥ
i cӫ
a mӛi ion kim loҥ
i ...........................................................................59

3.6.3.1. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nӗ
QJÿ
ӝÿҫ
u Cd2+ Yj
Pb2+ ÿӃ
n khҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phө............59
;iFÿ
ӏ
nh tҧ
i trӑ
ng hҩ
p phөcӵFÿ
ҥ
LYjK
Ӌsӕhҩ
p phөmӛi ion kim loҥ
i ...60
KӂT LUҰ19¬.,
ӂN NGHӎ................................................................................63
KӂT LUҰN ...............................................................................................................63
KIӂN NGHӎ..............................................................................................................64
7¬,/,
ӊU THAM KHҦO ......................................................................................65
PHӨLӨC .................................................................................................................67


DANH MӨ&+Ỵ1+

ҦNH

+uQK
1.1. &{QJ
thӭc phkQ
tӱcӫa axit humic ...............................................................6
+uQK
24XiWUuQKWU
DRÿ
әi cation cӫa axit humic [Internet] ..................................12

+uQK+uQK
ҧ
nh hӗBҫ
u Sҩ
u, quұ
Q/LrQ&KL
Ӈ
X73Ĉj1
ҹ
QJWKiQJ
.......34
+uQK
6ѫÿ
ӗtinh chӃaxit humic tӯWKDQEQQJX\rQOL
Ӌ
u...................................42
+uQK7KDQEQÿmKR
ҥ
WKyD

...............................................................................43
+uQK$[LWKXPLF
............................................................................................ 43
+uQK
Phәhӗng ngoҥ
i cӫ
a axit humic .................................................................45
+uQK*L
ҧ
Qÿ
ӗSKkQWtFKQKL
Ӌ
t trӑ
QJOѭ
ӧng cӫa axit humic .................................47
+uQK
3.6. Ҧnh SEM cӫ
a axit humic ӣFiFÿ
ӝSKkQJL
ҧ
LNKiFQKDX
.........................48
+uQK
ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nhiӋ
Wÿ
ӝÿӃ
QTXiWUuQKJKpS
.............................................49
+uQK

ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa thӡLJLDQÿ
Ӄ
n TXiWUuQKJKpS
............................................50
+uQK
ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫa nӗQJÿ
ӝchҩ
WNKѫLPjRÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKJKpS
.....................51
+uQK
ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
a tӍlӋkhӕLOѭ
ӧng monome ...............................................52
+uQK
ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
DS+ÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKJKpS
...................................................53
+uQK3K
әhӗng ngoҥ
i cӫ
a sҧ
n phҭ

PJKpS
........................................................54
+uQK
Ҧnh SEM cӫa sҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS
ӣFiFÿ
ӝSKkQJL
ҧ
LNKiFQKDX
.................55
+uQK*L
ҧ
Qÿ
ӗSKkQWtFKQKL
Ӌ
t trӑQJWUѭ
ӡng cӫa sҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS
......................55
+uQK
ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
a thӡLJLDQÿ
Ӄ
n khҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phө.....................................57
+uQK

ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
DS+ÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKK
ҩ
p phө..............................................58
+uQK'
ҥ
ng tuyӃ
QWtQKF
ӫ
DSKѭѫQJWUuQK/DQJPXLUÿ
ӕ
i vӟi Cd2+ .....................60
+uQK'
ҥ
ng tuyӃ
QWtQKF
ӫ
DSKѭѫQJWUuQK/DQJPXLUÿ
ӕ
i vӟi Pb2+ .....................61


DANH MӨC BҦNG

Bҧ
ng 7KjQK
phҫ

n ciF
nguyrQ
tӕcӫ
a axit humic ..................................................5

Bҧ
QJ7LrXFKX
ҭ
n cӫ
a BӝY tӃvӅgiӟi hҥ
QKjPOѭ
ӧng kim loҥ
i nһ
QJWURQJQѭ
ӟc
ăQX
ӕ
ng .....................................................................................................................23

Bҧ
ng 3.1. KӃ
t quҧ[iFÿ
ӏ
QKKjPOѭ
ӧng tro cӫ
DWKDQEQÿmKR
ҥ
WKyDYjD[LW
tinh chӃ......................................................................................................................43
Bҧ

ng 3.2. KӃ
t quҧ[iFÿ
ӏ
QKKjPOѭ
ӧQJQѭ
ӟFK~W
ҭ
m................................................44
Bҧ
ng 3.3. HӋsӕQѭ
ӟc cӫD7%
Yj$+
......................................................................44
Bҧ
ng 3.4. Nhӳng dҧ
i hҩ
p phөhӗ
ng ngoҥ
i cӫa mү
u axit humic ................................45
Bҧ
ng 3.5. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
a nhiӋ
Wÿ
ӝÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKJKpS
.............................................49
Bҧ

ng 3.6. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
a thӡLJLDQÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUu
QKJKpS
...........................................50
Bҧ
ng 3.7. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
a nӗ
QJÿ
ӝchҩ
WNKѫLPjRÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKJKpS
.....................51
Bҧ
ng 3.8. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
a tӍlӋkhӕLOѭ
ӧng monome/AH ..........................................52
Bҧ
ng 3.9. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
DS+ÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKJKpS
.....................................................53
Bҧ

ng 3.10. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
a thӡLJLDQÿ
Ӄ
n khҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phө....................................57
Bҧ
ng 3.11. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
DS+ÿ
Ӄ
n khҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phө.............................................58
Bҧ
ng 3.12. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
a nӗ
QJÿ
ӝÿҫ
u Cd2+ ..........................................................59
Bҧ
ng 3.13. ҦQKKѭ
ӣng cӫ
a nӗ
QJÿ
ӝÿҫ
u Pb2+ ...........................................................60

MӢ ĈҪU
/êGRFK
ӑQÿ
ӅWjL
Nѭӟc Oj
mӝt tjL
nguyr
n WKLrQ
nhirQ
TXê
JLi
ljmӝt trong bӕn thjQK
phҫ
n cҩ
u
tҥ
o cӫa m{L
trѭӡng. Nѭӟc ÿyQJ
vai trzquan trӑng Yj
ҧ
nh hѭӣng trӵc tiӃ
Sÿ
Ӄ
n hҫ
u hӃ
t
mӑ
i hoҥ
W

ӝ
ng
ÿcӫa con ngѭӡi. HiӋ
n nay, nѭӟc ӣViӋ
t Nam (cҧnѭӟc mһ
t vjnѭӟc
ngҫ
m) ÿDQJ
bӏ{QKL
Ӊ
m nghir
m trӑ
ng. Ĉһ
c biӋ
t, {nhiӉ
m ci
c kim loҥ
i nһ
ng gk
y ra
bӣi FiF
hoҥ
t ÿӝ
ng QKѭ
sӱdөng SKkQ
EyQ
khai WKiF
mӓ, luyӋ
n kim, WiL
chӃkim loҥ

i
tҥ
i ciF
OjQJ
nghӅ
« ÿD
ng Oj
vҩ
Q
Ӆÿ
rҩ
t bӭc [~F
Nguӗn Qѭ
ӟc bӏ{nhiӉ
m kim loҥ
i
nһ
ng sӁҧ
nh hѭӣng nghir
m trӑng ÿӃ
n sӭc khӓe cNJng QKѭ
hoҥ
t ÿӝng sҧ
n xuҩ
t cӫ
a con
ngѭӡi. VuthӃ
, xӱlênѭӟc {nhiӉ
m kim loҥ
i nһ

ng OjP
ӝt nhiӋ
m vөY{
FQJ
cҩ
p thiӃt.
Cho ÿ
Ӄ
n nay ÿm
FyӅ
uQKL
phѭѫQJ
phi
p xӱOê
kim loҥ
i nһ
ng trong nѭӟc QKѭ
phѭѫQJSKiS
kӃ
t tӫ
a, phѭѫQJ
pKiS
ÿL
Ӌ
n hya, phѭѫQJ
pKiS
hҩ
p phөYj
trao ÿ
әi ion,

phѭѫQJ
SKiS
ҩ
p thuKsinh hӑ
c, phѭѫng SKiS
chuyӇ
n KyD
sinh hӑc. ViӋ
c lӵa chӑ
n
phѭѫQJ
SKiS
xӱlêWKtFK
hӧp phөthuӝc vj
o FiF
WLrX
chtQKѭ
WtQK
kinh tӃ
, Wt
nh khҧthi,
Wt
nh hiӋ
u quҧcӫa tӯng phѭѫQJ
SKiS
HiӋ
n nay, hѭӟng xӱOê
nѭӟc {nhiӉ
m kim loҥ
i

nһ
ng bҵ
ng FiF
vұ
t liӋ
u FyQJX
ӗn gӕc tӵQKLrQ
vӟi JLi
WKjQK
rҿYj
an tRjQ
vӟi m{L
trѭӡng ÿD
ng thu K~W
sӵquan tk
m cӫa FiF
QKj
khoa hӑ
c.
&iF
kӃ
t quҧkhҧ
o si
tÿ
ӏ
a chҩ
t ÿm
cho thҩ
y ӣViӋ
t Nam FyP

ӝt lѭӧng than EQ
dӗi GjR
ÿѭӧc phk
n bӕhҫ
u QKѭ
khҳ
p FiF
tӍ
nh trong cҧnѭӟc. Than EQ
ÿѭӧc biӃ
tÿ
Ӄ
n
nKѭ
mӝt loҥ
i ÿҩ
t trong ÿy
Fy
mӝt tӹlӋtѭѫQJ
ÿӕ
i cao cӫa FiF
chҩ
t hӳu cѫ
Axit humic
OjP
ӝt chҩ
t hӳu Fѫ
Fy
mһ
t trong than EQ

vӟi ÿ
һ
c ÿL
Ӈ
m chӭa nhiӅ
u nhym chӭc -OH
Yj
±COOH FyNK
ҧQăQJ
tҥ
o phӭc chҩ
t bӅ
n vӟi ci
c ion kim loҥ
i nһ
ng (tӯÿy
Oj
m giҧ
m
nӗ
ng ÿ
ӝkim loҥ
i nһ
ng trong nѭӟc) QrQ
axit humic ngj
y Fj
ng ÿѭӧc FK~
êtrong viӋ
c
xӱOêQJX

ӗ
n nѭӟc bӏ{QKL
Ӊ
m kim loҥ
i nһ
ng. Cho ÿ
Ӄ
n nayÿm
Fy
nhӳng F{QJ
WUu
nh
nghir
n cӭu vӅkhҧnă
ng hҩ
p phөkim loҥ
i nһ
ng cӫa axit humic nhҵ
m xӱOê
{nhiӉ
m
P{L
trѭӡng nhѭQJKLrQ
cӭu lj
PJLjX
Yj
WiFK
FiF
kim loҥ
i hiӃ

m YjS
hyQJ
xҥ
, nJKLrQ
cӭu khҧQăQJ
Wi
ch FiF
ion Co2+, Mn2+ tӯdung dӏ
ch nѭӟc« HѫQ
thӃnӳa, axit humic
NK{QJ
gk
y ÿӝ
c hҥ
Lÿ
ӕi vӟi con ngѭӡi, vұ
WQX{L
Yj
m{i trѭӡng. HiӋ
n nay, axit humic
ÿD
ng ÿѭӧc sӱdө
ng phәbiӃ
n trong FiF
chӃphҭ
m SKkQ
EyQ
gӕc YjEyQ
Oi
chҩ

t NtFK

1


tht
ch sinh trѭӣng ck
y trӗ
ng, thuӕc trӯbӋ
nh ck
\Yj
cҧthӭc ăQ
cho gia s~F
gia cҫ
m.
Mһ
t khiF
phӭc chҩ
t tҥ
o bӣi axit humic vӟi ciF
ion kim loҥ
i nһ
ng Fy
thӇsӱdөng lj
m
SKkQ
byn trong Q{QJ
nghiӋ
p.
Vӟi FiF

phk
n WtFK
nrX
tUrQ
FK~QJ
t{L
chӑn ÿӅtjL
³1JLrQF
ӭXFiF\
Ӄ
u tӕҧ
nh

Kѭ
ӣQJ
Ӄ
Q
ÿ TXi WUuQK
LW DFU\OLF
JKpS D[ OrQ D[LW
ҧQăQJ
KXPLF
hҩ
p phөion Cd2+, Pb2+ cӫa sҧn phҭm´OjPOX
ұ
QYăQW
ӕ
t nghiӋ
p.
2. MөFÿtFKQJKLrQF

ӭu
- Tinh chӃaxit humic tӯWKDQEQ

- 7uPUDÿL
Ӆ
u kiӋ
n tӕL ѭXFKRTXiWUuQK
ӗQJWUQJK
ӧSJKpSD[LWDF
ÿ

axit humic nhҵ
m tҥ
o ra sҧ
n phҭ
P JKpS
ҧQăQJ
Fy
ӭngNK
dөQJ YjR
ӵc tiӉ
Q
WK JyS

phҫ
Q OjP
ҥ
ch nguӗ
VQ {
Ӊ

mQKL
kim loҥ
i nһ
QJ WURQJ
ӟc thҧ
LQѭ
QKj Pi\ FNJQ
Qѭ
ӟc thҧ
i sinh hoҥ
t.

- 7KăPGzNK
ҧQăQJK
ҩ
p thөion kim loҥ
i nһ
QJWURQJQѭ
ӟc cӫDFRSRO\PHJ
Ĉ
ӕLWѭ
ӧQJQJKLrQ
cӭu
Axit humic, axit acrylic
3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQF
ӭu
1JKLrQF
ͱXOtWKX\
͇
t

T͝
ng quan v͉WjLOL
͏
u
- Cҩ
u tҥ
RYjWtQKFK
ҩ
t cӫa axit humic, axit acrylic.

- &iF\
Ӄ
u tӕҧ
QKKѭ
ӣQJÿ
Ӄ
QTXiWUuQKÿ
ӗQJWUQJK
ӧSJKpSD[LWDF
axit humic bҵ
QJWiFQKk
QNKѫLPjRDPRQLSHVXQIDW
- KhҧQăQJK
ҩ
p phөion kim loҥ
i nһ
ng cӫ
a sҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS

1JKLrQF
ͱu th͹c nghi͏
m
- Tinh chӃaxit humic tӯWKDQEQ
- TiӃ
Q KjQK
ӗQJ ÿ
WUQJ
ӧS JKpS
K
4Xi
ӗQJ WUQJ
WUuQK
ӧS JKpS
ӧ
K
F
ÿһ
cÿ
ÿѭ
WUѭQJE
ӣLWK{QJV
ӕsau:
7ӕFÿӝFKX\ӇQ
KyD7&

. 100



7URQJÿyP
1 YjP
2 OҫQOѭӧWOjNKӕLOѭӧQJPRQRP
EDQÿҫX

2


- TiӃ
QKjQKSK
ҧ
n ӭng hҩ
p phөion kim loҥ
i Cd2+, Pb2+ cӫa sҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS
- Chӭng minh sӵtӗ
n tҥ
i cӫ
DD[LWKXPLFYjV
ҧ
n phҭ
PJKpS3K
әhӗng ngoҥ
i,
ҧ
nh SEM, giҧ
Qÿ
ӗSKkQWtFKQKL
Ӌ

t.
éQJKƭDNKRDK
ӑ
c cӫDÿ
ӅWjL
- &iFN
Ӄ
t quҧWKXÿѭ
ӧFOjWjLOL
Ӌ
u tham khҧ
RFKRFiFQJKLrQF
ӭu tiӃ
p theo vӅ
D[LWKXPLFFQJFiFY
ҩ
Qÿ
ӅFyOLrQTXDQ
- &iFFRSRO\PHJKpSQK
ұ
Qÿѭ
ӧFFyFiFWtQKFK
ҩ
t mӟi phөthuӝFYjRÿL
Ӆ
u kiӋ
n
tiӃ
QKjQKFiFKWK
ӭFNKѫLPjR«1K

ӳng sҧ
n phҭ
PQj\FyNK
ҧQăQJ
ӭng dөng cho
viӋ
c hҩ
p phөWUDRÿ
ә
i ion.
6. Bӕcөc luұ
QYăQ
MӢĈҪU
&KѭѫQJ7
әng quan (Tӯtrang 4 ÿӃ
n trang 33)
&KѭѫQJ7K
ӵc nghiӋ
m (Tӯtrang 34 ÿӃ
n trang 41)
&KѭѫQJ.
Ӄ
t quҧYjWK
ҧ
o luұ
n (Tӯtrang 42 ÿ
Ӄ
n trang 62)
KӂT LUҰ19¬.,
ӂN NGHӎ

7¬,/,
ӊU THAM KHҦO
PHӨLӨC

3


&+ѬѪ
NG 1. TӘNG QUAN Vӄ&Ѫ6
Ӣ/Ë7+8<
ӂT

1.1. GIӞI THIӊU VӄAXIT HUMIC
1.1.1 Ngu͛n g͙
c
&iFFK
ҩ
WKXPLFÿѭ
ӧF KuQKWKjQKE
ӣi sӵSKkQK
ӫy sinh hӑFFiFFK
ҩ
t thӵc vұ
t

chӃ
t trong nguӗQQѭ
ӟc hoһ
Fÿ
ҩ

W&iFKXPLFWURQJÿ
ҩ
WYjWU
ҫ
PWUtFKFyWK
ӇFKLDWKjQ

ba phҫ
QFKtQKD[LWKXPLFD[LWIXOYLFKX
$[LWKXPLFOjP
ӝWWKjQKFKtQKF
ӫDFiFFK
ҩ
WKXPLQÿyOjQK
ӳng chҩ
t hӳXFѫ

quan trӑng cӫ
D
ҩ
W
ÿҩ
W
ÿPQ
 WKDQ[LW
EQ
KXPLF
WKDQ
ӧc tҥ
o bӣL

ÿѭ
ÿi«
TXi

WUuQK
ӫ\
SKkQ
FiF
ҩ
t hӳX
KFKFѫӑ
VLQK
c chӃ
Wұ
K
9u
y, axit humic
Y
thuӝc dҥ
QJ FiF

axit tӵQKLrQ Fy
ҫ
Q
WKjQK
NK{QJ
әQ
ӏ
QK
ÿ SK 7tQK

ҩ
W ÿD
ҥ
ng FK
cӫD
G TXi WUuQK
WKjQKÿL
Ӆ
u kiӋ
n thәQKѭ
ӥQJYjNKtK
ұ
u cӫa tӯQJYQJFNJQJQKѭV
ӵWѭѫQ
JWiFJL
ӳa

axit humic vӟL FiF
ҧ
n phҭ
P
V KzD WDQ
ҩ
u tҥ
OjP
R Yj
FKR
WKjQK
ҫ
n cӫ

F
D FiF
SK D[L
humic ӣQѫLNKiFQKDXU
ҩ
WNKiFQKDX

VӅFѫE
ҧ
QFyWK
Ӈ[HPD[LWKXPLFOjP
ӝt hӛ
n hӧp phӭc tҥ
p cӫa nhiӅ
XD[LWNK
QKDXFyFK
ӭDQKyP
FDUER[\OYjSKHQRODW
[16], [17].
1.1.2. Ĉ̿
FÿL
͋
m cͯa axit humic
a. 7tQKFK
ҩ
t vұ
WOt

$[LWKXPLFÿѭ
ӧc tinh chӃtӕWFyPjXQkXÿHQPLWK

ӳXFѫ

yӃ
u, khҧQăQJSKkQO\NpPNK{QJWDQWURQJQ
ӟFYjGXQJG
ӏ
FKD[LWY{Fѫ
KzDWDQW
ӕ
t trong dung dӏ
FKORmQJF
ӫa kiӅ
m hidroxit, kiӅ
m cacbonat, oxalat natri,..
YjP
ӝt sӕGXQJP{LK
ӳXFѫ
dimetyl focmamic, dimetyl sunfosic).
Trong dung dӏ
FK KzD WDQ
ӯQkX
FK~QJ
Ӄ
Q
ÿÿHQ
Fy
Ӄ
u tinhPjX
chӃ
1 tӕ

t W

D[LWKXPLFOjFK
ҩ
t kӃ
WWLQKPjXÿHQViQJyQJiQK
һ
c biӋ
WtWE
ӏSKkQ
hӫy.

$[LW KXPLF KRj WDQ WӕW WURQJ
G
2COFiF
3,

Na4P2O7.10H227XǤWKHRQӗQJÿӝYjORҥLÿҩW

DQKÿjRÿӃQPjXÿHQ$[LWKXPLFNK{QJK

0XӕLFӫD$[LWKXPLFWDQKRjQWRjQW
URQJQѭӟFGXQJGӏFK
ÿӃQQkXÿHQ

4


b. Cҩ
u tҥ

RYjWtQKFK
ҩ
t KyDK
ӑc cӫa axit humic
Axit humic Oj
mӝW
trong ba WKjQK
phҫQ
cht
nh cӫD
KӧS
chҩ
t mQ
ÿy
ljmӝW
trong nhӳng KӧS
chҩW
hӳu Fѫ
quan WUӑQJ
FӫD
ÿҩWÿ
ҩ
t PQ

than EQ
than ÿi
nhiӅX
suӕL
miӅ
QQ~L

Kӗ
Eӏ
lRҥQ
dѭӥng vjnѭӟF
ELӇQ
NyÿѭӧF
tҥR
ra bӣL
Vӵ
pKkQ
hӫy ciF
chҩW
hӳu Fѫ
VLQKKӑF
QKѭ
[iF
ÿӝQJ
- thӵc YұW
Yj
Oj
VҧQ
phҭ
m pKө
FӫD
FiF
qXi
WUuQK
trao ÿәL
FKҩW
.

Axit humic KzD
tan tӕW WURQJ
FiF
dung GӏFK
kiӅ
m lRmQJ
(NaOH, Na2CO3,
Na4P2O7.10H2O), nhѭng NK{QJ
tan trong nѭӟF
Yj
axit Y{
cѫ
Ty theo QӗQJ
ÿӝ
Yj
ORҥLÿҩW
mjFiF
dung Gӏ
ch axit humic cKLӃW
ÿѭӧF
cy
mjX
QkX
ÿHQ
ÿӃQ
mj
u ÿHQ
7KjQK
SKҫQ
nguyrQ

tӕFӫD
axit humic FKӫ
yӃ
u bao gӗm bӕQ
nguyr
n tӕOj
C, H,
O, N. Hj
m lѭӧng FiF
nguyr
n tӕnj
y thay ÿәi, phөWKXӝF
YjR
loҥL
ÿҩ
t, thjQK
phҫQ
hRi
hӑFFӫD
WjQ
tt
ch sinh Yұ
t, ÿiӅX
kiӋQ
mn KRi
Yj
phѭѫQJ
SKiS
Wi
ch axit humic. Theo

L. N.Alexandrova, WKjQK
phҫQ
trung bu
nh cӫD
ci
c nguyrQ
tӕC, H, O, N trong axit
humic cӫ
a mӝ
WVӕ
ORҥL
ÿҩW
cKtQK
ӣ/LrQ
;{
FNJ

ÿѭӧF
WUuQK
bj
y trong bҧQJ
1.1
%ҧQJ
1.1. 7KjQK
ph̯n ciF
nguyrQ
t͙FͯD
axit humic
STT

NguyrQ
Wӕ

7KjQK
SKҫQ
(%)

1

C

56,2 ±61,9

2

H

3,4 ±4,8

3

O

29,5 ±34,8

4

N

3,5 ±4,7

1JRjL
EӕQ
nguyrQ
Wӕ
cKtQK
NӇ
WUr
n, axit humic FzQ
chӭa mӝW
lѭӧQJ
QKӓ
FiF
nguyr
n Wӕ
tro (P, S, Al, Fe, Si), hj
m lѭӧQJ
tәQJ
Vӕ
cӫD
FK~QJ
Fy
thӇÿҥW
Wӯ
ÿӃQ

10%. NKӳ
ng nguyrQ
Wӕ
nj

y kh{ng nhҩW
thiӃW
phҧL
Fy
WҩW
Fҧ
trong WKjQK
phҫQ
phkQ
tӱ
FӫD
axit humic [11], [15].
Axit humic kh{ng cyc{Q
g thӭc vjpKk
n tӱlѭӧng cӕÿ
ӏ
nh mjthay ÿ
әL
phөthuӝ
c
vj
o nguӗQ
gӕ
c Yj
phѭѫng thӭc hu
nh WKj
nh. NhiӅ
u c{Q
g WUu
nh nghirQ

cӭu cho biӃW
pKk
n
tӱlѭӧQJFӫ
a axit humic dao ÿ
ӝQJ
tӯ50.000 ÿӃ
n 90.000 ÿ
ѫn vӏcacbon. &y
nhiӅX
ê
kiӃQ
khi
c nhau lirQ
quan ÿ
Ӄ
n c{QJ
thӭc phk
n tӱFӫ
a axit humic; tuy nhir
n , c{ng thӭc
ÿ
ѭӧc Stevenson ÿѭa ra năP1982 ljc{Q
g thӭc ÿѭӧc nhiӅX
ngѭӡi ӫQ
g hӝnhҩ
t. C{
ng
thӭc nj
y ÿѭӧc tUu

nh bj
y ӣhu
nh 1.1.

5


+uQK
1.1. &{QJ
tKͱF
phkQ
W͵
cͯD
axit humic
1KuQ
YjR
c{QJ
thӭc trr
n ta Fy
thӇthҩ
y, vӟi nhiӅ
u nhym chӭc ±COOH Yj
±
OH,
axit humic Oj
pKkQ
WӱFy
khҧQăQJ
tҥR
phӭc cao. NyFy

WKӇ
WҥRSK
ӭc ӣnhiӅX
Yӏ
WUt
khiF
nhau trong SKkQ
tӱ, cho phӭc FjQJ
cua bӅ
n ӣdҥ
ng YzQJ
5, 6 cҥQK
&iF
nhyP
WҥR
phӭc ±COOH Yj
±OH chӭa oxi QrQ
TXi
tUuQK
tҥR
hӭcSOj
NK{
ng chӑQ
OӑF
vu
thӃ
axit humic FyNKҧ
QăQJ
tҥ
o phӭc YӟL

KҫX
hӃW
FiF
ion kim loҥ
i.
PKkQ
tӱD[LW
humic bao gӗm QKLӅX
mҥQJ
lѭӟL
FҩX
WU~F
MӛL
mҥ
ng lѭӟL
FҩX
WU~F
bao gӗm QKLӅX
ÿѫQ
vӏFҩX
WU~F
ĈѫQ
vӏFҩX
tr~F
Oj
hҫQ
S
FzQ
lҥ
i FӫD

pKkQ
Wӱ
axit
humic khi FK~QJ
Eӏ
pKkQ
hӫy Yj
cycҩX
WҥR
tѭѫng ÿӕL
ÿѫ
n JLҧQ
9ӅKuQK
thi
i, axit humic NK{QJ
Fy
cҩX
WҥR
tinh thӇ
song nhӳng nghLr
n Fӭ
u
ÿ
iӋQ
GLYj
quang pKә
Rѫnghen cho thҩ
y ch~QJ
ÿѭӧF
cҩX

WҥR
EҵQJ
nhӳng mҥ
ng lѭӟL
[ӃS
lӟp. 4Xi WUuQK
mQ
KRi
FjQJ
mҥ
nh WKu
nhӳng PҥQJ
nj
y [ӃS
FjQJ
kKtW
Theo
nhӳng QJKLrQ
Fӭ
u gҫ
Qÿ
k
y nhҩW
pKkQ
WӱD[LW
humic NK{
ng ÿӕL
xӭng, FK~QJ
Fy
dҥ

ng
GjL
tӹlӋFiF
WUөF
Wӯ
: 6 ÿӃQ
1 : 12.
1.1.3. Ͱng dͭQJ
cͯD
axit humic trong Q{QJ
nghi͏S
Yj
m{L
tr˱ͥQJ
.
7KjQK
SKҫQ
FKtQK
cӫD
axit humic Oj
FiF
vzng cacbon thѫm Fy
gҳ
n ci
c nhym
chӭc KRҥW
ÿӝQJ
QKѭ
FiF
nhym cacboxyl, quinon, hidroxi. +RҥW

WtQK
sinh hӑF
FӫD
axit
humLFSKө
WKXӝF
YjR
Vӕ
lѭӧng FӫD
FiF
nhym chӭc nj
y vjNKҧ
nă
ng trao ÿәL
ion FӫD
FK~
ng.
Axit humic Yj
FiF
muӕi humat FӫD
FK~QJ
kh{ng SKҧL
Oj
nJXӗQ
dinh dѭӥQJ
cho
ck
\WUӗQJ
mjchӍÿyQJ
vai tUz

QKѭ
mӝW
chҩ
t Fy
hoҥ
t WtQK
sinh KӑF
mang chӭc QăQJ
ÿLӅX
KzD
NtFK
WKtFK
tăQJ
trѭӣQ
g. &iF
mXӕL
humat hzD
tan khi tham gia YjRTXi
WUuQK

6


oxy hyD
NKӱ
trong FiF
WӃEjR
VӁ
gyS
SKҫQ

KRҥW
hyD
nhӳng hӋtәng hӧp protein. ĈL
Ӆ
u
nj
y JyS
SKҫQ
th~Fÿ
ҭ
y quiWUu
nh SKkQ
EjR
ÿӗQJ
thӡi JyS
pKҫQ
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Vӵ
KuQK
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FiF
cKҩW
men, OjQK
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hza FKӫ
yӃ
u ciF
TXi

tru
nh trao ÿәL
chҩW
&iF
chҩW
humat hzD
tan Fy
hai ti
c GөQJFѫ
EҧQ
MӝW
Oj
lj
m cho Vӵ
WăQJ
trѭӣQJ
xҧ
y ra nhanh
Kѫ
n, hai Oj KRҥW
KyD
FiF
TXi
tUuQK
quang KӧS
Yj
gi~p chuyӇ
n KyD
WULӋW
ÿӇ

FiF
chҩ
t
NKRiQJ
dinh dѭӥQ
g, nKӡ
vұ
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QăQJ
sXҩW
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y tUӗ
ng.
%rQ
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FiF
chҩ
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Fy
kKҧ
QăQJ
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QkQJ
cao Wt
nh ÿӅ
NKiQJ
FKӕQJ
chӏ

u FӫD
Fѫ
tKӇ
trong nhӳng ÿ
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m{i trѭӡQJ
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thuұ
n lӧi. Khi [ӱ
Oê
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dung dӏFK
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lick
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khi
EyQ
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Fy
chӭa FiF
mXӕL
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tan, ck

y trӗng VӁ
Fy
khҧQăQJ
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KҥQ
FKӏX
Up
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cho qXҧ
Yj
KҥW
giӕQJ
cht
n ngay khi FҧWKӡL
tiӃW
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Oӧ
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m lѭӧng protein

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WăQJ
lr
n, FKҩW
lѭӧQJ
TXҧ
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ng UmL
trong sҧQ
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phk
n EyQ
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nhѭ: SKkQ
EyQ
Oi
HUMIC
TOTAL (chӭa 60% axit humic) gi~S
FҧL
WҥR

ÿҩ
t, WăQJ
sinh trѭӣQJ
cho ck
y tUӗ
ng;
SKkQ
hӳu cѫÿҫX
trkX
BIORGANIC No1 GQJ
EyQ
JӕF
(hj
m lѭӧQJ
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2%
 SKkQ
ÿ
ҫX
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MK-Ĉӓ(chӭa 18% kali humat); WKXӕF
bҧ
o YӋ
ӵc WK
YұW
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nJKҽW
UӉ
cho O~D

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nKLӅX
ck
\ WUӗQJ
NKiF
WKXӕF
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QKLӅX
ORҥL
EӋQK
QKѭӣ

Fә
UӉ
ÿӕ
m Oi
sѭѫng mai cho ck
y WUӗQJ
cҥQ
Yj
FiF
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~
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KzD
tan FӫD
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Gө
ng ktFK
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Yj
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KzD
Wă
ng trѭӣQJ
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FKӕQJ
FiF
bӋ
nh ÿѭӡQJ

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m{L
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Yu
kKҧ
QăQJ
WҥR
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YӟL
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ion kim lRҥL
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m VҥFK
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Fy
nhӳng F{QJ
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QJKLrQ
cӭu YӅ
NKҧ
Qă
ng KҩS
SKө
kim loҥL

QһQJ
FӫD
axit humic nhҵ
m [ӱ
Oê
{nhiӉ
m P{L
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ngKLrQ
cӭu ÿӅX
cho NӃWTXҧ
UҩW
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m{L
trѭӡQJ
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ci
c axit humic JL~S
cҧ
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khi byQ
cho
ÿҩW
spW
axit humic Fy
WKӇ
gi~S

SKi
Yӥ
OӟS
ÿҩW
NӃW
FKһW
cho php
p sӵWKkP
nKұS
cӫa

7


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ng Fѭ
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thr
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FҫQ
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do ÿy
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triӇQ
WăQJ
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Qă
ng FӫD
ÿҩW
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ÿӇ
JLӳ
lҥ
i YjNK{QJ
rӱa WU{L
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FKҩW
dinh dѭӥQJ
quan trӑng.

*ҫQ ÿk\ KjQJ ORҥW FiF F{QJ
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n ch̭WW˱˯QJWiFF
ͯa axit humic vͣi ion kim lo̩i trong dung d͓
FKQ˱
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ҩ
p phө
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ә
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KXPLF
ҩ
t hҷ
nP
khҧQăQJ
WKu Jә
WUDR
i cation.
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ng muӕi humat natri, kӃ
t tӫa
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ng dung dӏ
ch axit vү
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kim loҥ
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Ӈÿ
ҭ
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c 2 proton ra khӓ
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KXPLFQKѭQJFNJQJFyWK
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ҵ
ng sӕSURWRQWiFKUDNK{QJQK
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t thiӃ
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ӏcӫ
a caction kim loҥ
LYuU
ҵ
ng sӵWѭѫQJWiFF
ӫa axit humic vӟLFiFFDW
kim loҥ
LFzQKuQKWKjQKQrQFiFK
ӧp chҩ
t kiӇ
XOLrQN
Ӄ
WNKiF

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Ӈ
SKkQUDOjPOR
ҥ
LWѭѫQJWiFJL
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ӱY{Fѫ
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ng R2O3

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t ion hay dӏcӵFOLrQN
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t phӕLWUtKD\EiQG
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WSKkQW
ӱ.

8


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9