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cơng nghӋthông tin (CNTT) và truyӅ
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m tài liӋ
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n khi

sӱdө
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WLQ QKӡ YjR QăP JLiF TXDQ &ҧP JLiF

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y hӑc là khoa hӑc vӅgiáo dө
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p các
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c hӧp lý cӫ
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y hӑc và nhӳQJ
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vӟi sӵbùng nәcӫ
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cịn phҧ
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mӟi này, HS khơng cịn phҧ
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phҧ
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sӵKѭ
ӟng dү
n cӫ

a

QJѭ
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m chiӃ
m lƭ
nh kiӃ
n thӭc và phát triӇ
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14


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- EjLK͕F
FKR
- QJ˱ͥLK͕F
QJ˱ͥLG̩\
: Khai thác

Vӵ WѭѫQJ WiF
PPDH
JLӳD
FӫD-*9
*9

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