Vận dụng phương pháp bàn tay nặn bột trong dạy học môn tự nhiên và xã hội lớp 3 theo chương trình VNEN

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1JLWKFKLQ
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7KXFQKyPQJjQK
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1J˱ͥLK˱ͣQJG̳Q
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MӨC LӨC

MӢ ĈҪU............................................................................................................................. 1
/tGRFK
ӑQÿ
ӅWjL
............................................................................................................ 1
2. Lӏ
ch sӱQJKLrQF
ӭu ........................................................................................................ 2
2.1. ͦQ˱
ͣFQJRjL
................................................................................................................ 2
2.2. ͦVi͏
t Nam ................................................................................................................... 2
3. MөFWLrXQJ
KLrQF
ӭu ...................................................................................................... 3
4. GiҧthuyӃ
t khoa hӑc....................................................................................................... 4

Ĉ
ӕi Wѭ
ӧQJNKiFKWK
ӇYjSK
ҥPYLQJKLrQF
ӭu ............................................................. 4
Ĉ
͙LW˱
ͫQJQJKLrQF
ͱu ................................................................................................... 4
.KiFKWK
͋QJKLrQF
ͱu ................................................................................................... 4
5.3. Ph̩PYLQJKLrQF
ͱu ...................................................................................................... 4
6. NhiӋ
m vөQJKLrQF
ӭu..................................................................................................... 4
3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQF
ӭu .............................................................................................. 4
7.1. 3K˱˯QJSKiSQJKLrQF
ͱXOtWKX\
͇
t ............................................................................... 4
3K˱˯QJSKiSÿL
͉
u tra ph͗ng v̭n ................................................................................. 5
3K˱˯QJSKiSTXDQViWV˱SK
̩
m ................................................................................... 5

3K˱˯QJSKiSWK
͙QJNrWtQKWRiQ
................................................................................. 5
3K˱˯QJSKiSÿL
͉
u tra Anket ......................................................................................... 5
3K˱˯QJSKiSWK
͹c nghi͏
m ........................................................................................... 5
8. CҩXWU~Fÿ
ӅWjL
............................................................................................................... 6
NӜI DUNG ......................................................................................................................... 7
&+ѬѪ1*
&Ѫ6
Ӣ /Ë/
UҰ19¬
THӴC TIӈN CӪ$Ĉ
ӄ7¬,
............................... 7
&ѫV
ӣOtOX
ұn cӫDÿ
ӅWjL
............................................................................................. 7
0{KuQKWU˱
ͥng h͕c mͣi VNEN............................................................................ 7
1.1.1.1. Giͣi thi͏
u v͉P{KuQKWU˱
ͥng h͕c mͣi VNEN ...................................................... 7

1.1.1.2. Ĉ̿FÿL
͋
m cͯDP{KuQKWU˱
ͥng h͕c mͣi VNEN .................................................... 8
1.1.1.3. &iFKW
͝chͱc lͣp h͕c cͯDP{KuQKWU˱
ͥng h͕c mͣi VNEN ................................ 10
1.1.1.4. C̭XWU~FEjLK
͕c ................................................................................................. 11
3K˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
̿n b͡W´
......................................................................... 12
1.1.2.1. .KiLQL
͏
PSK˱˯QJSKiSG
̩y h͕c ....................................................................... 12
1.1.2.2. .KiLQL
͏
PSK˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
̿n b͡W´
...................................................... 13
1.1.2.3. Ĉ̿FÿL
͋
m cͯDSK˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
̿n b͡W´
................................................ 14
1.1.2.4. 1JX\rQW
̷FF˯E
̫n cͯDSK˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
̿n b͡W´

.................................. 15
1.1.2.5. 9DLWUzF
ͯDSK˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\
n̿n b͡W´WURQJG
̩y h͕FP{QK
͕c T͹QKLrQYj[
h͡
i ͧti͋
u h͕c ................................................................................................................... 17
1.1.3. Kh̫QăQJY
̵n dͭQJSK˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
̿n b͡W´WURQJG
̩y h͕
c P{Q7
͹QKLrQ
Yj[mK
͡LWKHRFK˱˯QJWUuQK91(1
.............................................................................. 19
Ĉ
̿FÿL
͋
PWkPVLQKOtF
ͯa h͕c sinh ti͋
u h͕
c ........................................................ 21
1.1.4.1. V͉nh̵n thͱc....................................................................................................... 21
1.1.4.2. V͉QKkQFiFK
...................................................................................................... 24
1.2. CѫV
ӣthӵc tiӉ

n ........................................................................................................ 25
1.2.1. T͝QJTXDQP{Q7
͹QKLrQYj[mK
͡i lͣSWKHRFK˱˯QJWUuQK91
............... 25
1.2.1.1. MͭFWLrXP{QK
͕c ............................................................................................... 25
1.2.1.2. N͡LGXQJFK˱˯QJWUuQK
....................................................................................... 26
1.2.2. Th͹c tr̩ng v̵n dͭQJSK˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
̿n b͡W´WURQJG
̩y h͕FP{Q7
͹QKLrQ
Yj[mK
͡i lͣSWKHRFK˱˯QJWUuQK91(1
..................................................................... 27
1.2.2.1. MͭFÿtFKÿL
͉
u tra ............................................................................................... 27
1.2.2.2. Ĉ͙LW˱
ͫQJÿL
͉
u tra .............................................................................................. 27
1.2.2.3. N͡LGXQJÿL
͉
u tra ............................................................................................... 27
1.2.2.4. 3K˱˯QJSKiSÿL
͉
u tra ........................................................................................ 28
1.2.2.5. K͇

t qu̫ÿL
͉
u tra th͹c tr̩ng ................................................................................ 28


1.2.2.6. ĈiQKJLiFKXQJN
͇
t qu̫ÿL
͉
u tra th͹c tr̩ng ...................................................... 35
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2.1. HthQJFiFEjLK
FP{Q7
QKLrQYj[mK
i lSWKHRFKQJWUuQ
thvn dQJSKQJSKiS%jQWD\Q

n bӝW´
.......................................................... 37
&˯V
ͧl͹a ch͕

n...................................................................................................... 37
2.1.1.1. D͹DYjRP
ͭFWLrXF
ͯDEjLK
͕c............................................................................ 37
2.1.1.2. D͹DYjRQ
͡LGXQJEjLK
͕
c .................................................................................. 37
2.1.1.3. D͹DYjRÿL
͉
u ki͏
QF˯V
ͧv̵t ch̭WYjNK
̫QăQJFKX
̱n b͓cͯDJLiRYLrQ
............. 38
2.1.2. Th͙QJNrFiFEjLK
͕FP{Q7
͹QKLrQYj[mK
͡i lͣSWKHRFK˱˯QJWUuQ
th͋v̵n dͭQJSK˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
̿n b͡W´WURQJ
ho̩Wÿ
͡QJF˯E
̫
n ..................... 38
4X\WUuQKY
ұn dөQJSKѭѫQJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
һn bӝW´WURQJWURQJKR

ҥWÿ
ӝQJFѫE
ҧn
ӣP{Q7
ӵQKLrQYj[mK
ӝi lӟSWKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQK91(1
....................................... 39
6˯ÿ
͛TX\WUuQKW
͝
QJTXiW
..................................................................................... 39
4X\WUuQKF
ͭth͋
.................................................................................................... 41
2.2.2.1. *LDLÿR
̩n chu̱n b͓
............................................................................................. 41
2.2.2.2. *LDLÿR
̩n t͝chͱc HS h͕
c t̵p theo PPBTNB .................................................... 42
2.2.2.3. *LDLÿR
̩n nh̵Q[pWÿiQKJLi
............................................................................. 45
2.2.2.4. *LDLÿR
̩QU~WNLQKQJKL
͏
m ................................................................................. 46
2.2.3. M͡t s͙O˱XêNKLY
̵n dͭQJSK˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\Q

̿n b͡W´WURQJG
̩y h͕FP{Q7
͹
QKLrQYj[mK
͡i lͣSWKHRFK˱˯QJWUuQK91(1
........................................................... 46
2.2.3.1. /˱XêY
ͣLJLiRYLrQ
............................................................................................. 46
2.2.3.2. /˱XêY
ͣi h͕c sinh .............................................................................................. 49
2.2.3.3. /˱XêY
͉ÿL
͉
u ki͏
QF˯V
ͧv̵t ch̭t, trang thi͇
t b͓d̩y h͕c ................................... 49
2.3. ThiӃ
t kӃĈL
Ӆ
u chӍ
QK+ѭ
ӟng dүn hӑc vұn dөQJSKѭѫQJSKiS³%jQWD
һn bӝW´
trong dҥy hӑFP{Q7
ӵQKLrQYj[mK
ӝ
i lӟSWKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQK91(
.................. 50

̯u khi thi͇
t k͇ĈL
͉
u ch͑
QK+˱
ͣng d̳n h͕c ............................................... 50
2.3.1.1. Ĉ̫m b̫RWXkQWK
ͯmͭFWLrXQ
͡LGXQJEjLK
͕c cͯD7jLOL
͏
X+˱
ͣng d̳n h͕c T͹QKLrQ
Yj[mK
͡
i lͣp 3 ................................................................................................................. 50
2.3.1.2. Ĉ̫m b̫RWtQKWK
͹c ti͍
n ....................................................................................... 50
2.3.1.3. Ĉ̫m b̫RWtQKKL
͏
u qu̫....................................................................................... 51
&iFE˱
ͣc thi͇
t k͇ĈL
͉
u ch͑
QK+˱
ͣng d̳n h͕c v̵n dͭQJSK˱˯QJSKiS³%j

̿
n
b͡
W´WURQJG
̩y h͕FP{Q7
͹QKLrQYj[mK
͡i lͣSWKHRFK˱˯QJWUuQK9
............. 51
2.3.2.1. %˱
ͣc chu̱n b͓.................................................................................................... 51
2.3.2.2. %˱
ͣc thi͇
t k͇
....................................................................................................... 52
2.3.2.3. %˱
ͣc ki͋
PWUDYjKRjQWKL
͏
n .............................................................................. 54
&iFĈL
͉
u ch͑
QK+˱
ͣng d̳
n h͕c cͭth͋
............................................................... 55
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THӴC NGHIӊ06Ѭ3+
ҤM................................................................ 61
3.1. MөFÿtFKWK

ӵc nghiӋ
m ........................................................................................... 61
3.2. Nӝi dung thӵc nghiӋ
m ............................................................................................ 61
3.3. Tәchӭc thӵc nghiӋ
m.............................................................................................. 61
;iFÿ
͓
nh thͥi gian th͹c nghi͏
m .......................................................................... 61
3.3.2. Ch͕QF˯V
ͧYjÿ
͙LW˱
ͫng th͹c nghi͏
m ................................................................ 61
3.3.3. Ch͕QEjLWK
͹c nghi͏
PYjWKL
͇
t k͇ĈL
͉
u ch͑
QK+˱
ͣng d̳n h͕FYj%jL
ki͋
m tra.61
3.3.4. H͗LêNL
͇
QFKX\rQJLD
........................................................................................... 62

3.3.5. Ti͇
QKjQKWK
͹c nghi͏
m........................................................................................ 62
7LrXFKtNL
͋
PWUDÿiQKJLiN
͇
t qu̫th͹c nghi͏
m ............................................... 62
3.3.6.1. K͇
t qu̫nh̵n thͱc cͯa h͕c sinh ......................................................................... 62
3.3.6.2. MͱFÿ
͡ho̩Wÿ
͡ng cͯa h͕c sinh trong giͥh͕c................................................... 63
3.3.6.3. HͱQJWK~F
ͯa h͕c sinh trong giͥh͕c ................................................................. 63
3.3.6.4. M͡t s͙QăQJO
͹c h͕FP{Q7
͹QKLrQYj[mK
͡i cͯa HS ....................................... 63


3.4. KӃ
t quҧthӵc nghiӋ
m .............................................................................................. 65
3.4.1. K͇
t qu̫nh̵
n thͱc cͯa h͕c sinh .......................................................................... 65
3.4.2. MͱFÿ

͡ho̩Wÿ
͡ng cͯa h͕c sinh trong giͥh͕c ................................................... 67
3.4.3. HͱQJWK~F
ͯa h͕c sinh trong giͥh͕c ................................................................. 68
3.4.4. M͡t s͙QăQJO
͹c h͕FP{Q7
͹QKLrQYj[mK
͡i cͯa HS....................................... 70
3.4.4.1. 1ăQJO
͹FTXDQViW
.............................................................................................. 71
3.4.4.2. 1ăQJO
͹c di͍
Qÿ
̩t ............................................................................................... 72
3.4.4.3. 1ăQJO
͹FÿiQKJLi
.............................................................................................. 73
3.4.5. Nh̵Qÿ
͓
nh cͯDJLiRYLrQY
͉WtQKNK
̫thi cͯDĈL
͉
u ch͑
QK+˱
ͣng d̳n h͕c T͹QKLrQ
Yj[mK
͡i lͣp 3 v̵n dͭQJSK˱˯QJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
̿n b͡W´

......................................... 73
ĈiQKJLiFKXQJN
͇
t qu̫th͹c nghi͏
m ................................................................. 78
KӂT LUҰ19¬.,
ӂN NGHӎ
......................................................................................... 80
1. KӃ
t luұn ........................................................................................................................ 80
&iFÿ
Ӆxuҩt ................................................................................................................... 81
Ĉ
͙i vͣi GV ................................................................................................................. 81
Ĉ
͙i vͣi F{QJWiFTX
̫QOtFK
͑ÿ̩RFKX\rQP{Q
.......................................................... 81
Ĉ
͙i vͣLFiFWU˱
ͥQJV˱SK
̩
m ...................................................................................... 81
3. KiӃ
n nghӏ
...................................................................................................................... 81


DANH MӨC CHӲ VIӂT TҲT

Hӑ
c sinh

HS

*LiRYLrQ

GV

3KѭѫQJSKiS³%jQWD\Q
һ
n bӝW´
PPBTNB
Hӑ
c sinh tiӇ
u hӑ
c

HSTH

*LiRG
ө
FYjÿjRW
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TӵQKLrQYj[mK
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TN&XH

Thӵc nghiӋ
m

TN

Ĉӕ
i chӭng

Ĉ&

3KѭѫQJSKiSG
ҥ
y hӑc

PPDH


DANH MӨC BҦNG
7rQE
ҧng

STT
1

Sӕtrang

Bҧ
QJ&iF
PPDH *9WKѭ
ӡng sӱdөng khi dҥ
y hӑFP{Q71;+O
ӟp 3
WKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQK91(1

29

3

Bҧ
ng 1.2: MӭFÿ
ӝsӱdөQJFiFKuQKWK
ӭc dҥ
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TN&XH lӟp 3
WKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQK91(1
Bҧ
QJ&iFKWK
ӭc GV tәchӭc hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝng hӑc tұ
p cho HS

4

Bҧ
ng 1.4: KӃ

t quҧsӵhiӇ
u biӃ
t cӫa GV vӅPPBTNB

33

5

Bҧ
ng 1.5: SӵhiӇ
u biӃ
t vӅviӋ
c thiӃ
t kӃĈL
Ӆ
u chӍ
QK+ѭ
ӟng dү
n hӑc TN&XH

35

2

31
32

7

Bҧ

ng 2.1: Bҧ
ng thӕQJNrFiFEjLK
ӑFP{Q
TN&XH lӟSWKHRFKѭѫQJ
40
WUuQK91(1FyWK
Ӈvұ
n dөng PPBTNB trong hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝQJFѫE
ҧ
n
Bҧ
ng 3.1: KӃ
t quҧÿL
Ӈ
m sӕcӫa HS ӣlӟS71YjO
ӟSĈ&
66

8

Bҧ
ng 3.2: KӃ
t quҧnhұ
n thӭc cӫa HS ӣlӟS71YjO
ӟSĈ&

67

9

Bҧ
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ӝhӭQJWK~F
ӫD+6ÿ
ӕi vӟi giӡhӑc

69

10

Bҧ
ng 3.4: KӃ
t quҧvӅQJX\rQQKkQW
ҥ
o hӭQJWK~K
ӑc tұ
p vӟi HS

70

6

11
12
13
14
15
16

17

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ng 3.5: KӃ
t quҧvӅQJX\rQQKkQNK{QJW
ҥ
Rÿѭ
ӧc hӭQJWK~
ӑc tұ
p vӟ
K
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HS
Bҧ
ng 3.6: NL ÿѭ
ӧFSKiWWUL
Ӈ
n qua tiӃ
t hӑc vұ
n dөng PPBTNB
Bҧ
QJ6RViQKYL
Ӌ
c tәchӭc cho HS hӑc tұ
p theo PPBTNB so vӟi hӑc
tұ
p theo PP truyӅ
n thӕng
Bҧ
ng 3.8: KhҧQăQJJKLQK

ӟkiӃ
n thӭFYjV
ӵSKiWWUL
Ӈ
n vӅNL cӫa HS cӫa
PPBTNB so vӟi PP dҥ
y hӑc truyӅ
n thӕng
Bҧ
ng 3.9: NL Pj+6SKiWWUL
Ӈ
Qÿѭ
ӧc khi hӑc theo PPBTNB

70
71
75
75
76

Bҧ
ng 3.10: KhҧQăQJWăQJV
ӵhӭQJWK~WURQJK
ӑc tұ
SP{Q71;+O
ӟp 3
cӫa HS nӃ
u hӑc theo PPBTNB
Bҧ
QJ7tQKNK

ҧthi cӫa vұ
n dөng PPBTNB trong hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝQJFѫE
ҧ
nӣ
P{Q71;+O
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76
77


DANH MӨC BIӆ8Ĉ
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Xÿ
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1
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n do HS tӵtәchӭFYjWK
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n
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3
30
TN&XH lӟSWKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQK91(1
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dҥ
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WURQJ P{Q
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31
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Xÿ
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Wÿ
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p cho HS
32
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t quҧsӵhiӇ
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33
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Xÿ
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u biӃ
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c thiӃ
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7
35
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67
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t quҧnhұ
n thӭc cӫa HS ӣlӟSĈ&
67


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c
SKK
ӧp vӟLWUuQKÿ
ӝ
, nhұ
n thӭc cӫa HSÿL
Ӆ
u kiӋ
n giҧ
ng dҥ
y cӫD*9YjÿL
Ӆ
u kiӋ
QFѫ
sӣvұ
t chҩ

t cӫ
DQKjWUѭ
ӡng.


3K˱˯QJSKiSTXDQViWV˱SK
̩
P
Ĉk\OjSKѭѫQJSKiSTXDQWU
ӑQJJL~SWiFJL
ҧTXDQViWEL
Ӈ
u hiӋ
n cӫa HS lӟp TN

ӣFiFJL
ӡhӑ
FFiFKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
ng hӑc tұ
p trong giӡhӑ
F71;+WKHRFKѭѫQJ

Fy
iSG
өng PPBTNB Yj
biӇ
u hiӋ

n cӫa HS lӟp Ĉ&
ӣgiӡhӑFWKHRFKѭѫQJWU
ÿӇWuPKL
Ӈ
u vӅmӭFÿ
ӝhӭQJWK~
WtFKF
ӵc cӫ
DFiFHP
TӯÿyWiF
giҧKRjQWKL
Ӌ
n ĈL
Ӆ
u
chӍ
QK+ѭ
ӟng dү
n hӑFSKK
ӧp vӟLWUuQKÿ
ӝ
, nhұ
n thӭc cӫa HS.


3K˱˯QJSKiSWK
͙
QJNrWtQKWRiQ
- TK{QJTXDYL
Ӌ

c thӕ
QJNrWtQKWRiQ[
ӱOt
sӕliӋ
u thu ÿѭ
ӧc tӯphiӃ
XWUѭQJF
ҫ
Xê
kiӃ
n, WiFJL
ҧnhұ
Q[pWWK
ӵc trҥ
ng viӋ
c vұ
n dөng PPBTNB YjRG
ҥ
y hӑ
c P{Q
TN&XH

lӟp 3 WKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQK91(1
ӣmӝt sӕWUѭ
ӡng tiӇ
u hӑc WUrQÿ
ӏ
DEjQ7KjQKS
ӕĈj
Nҹ

ng.
- Sau khi tә
ng hӧp, xӱOt
sӕliӋ
u FiF
phiӃ
XÿL
Ӆ
u tra YjFiFEjL
kiӇ
m tra HS, tiF
giҧtiӃ
QKjQK
VRViQK
kӃ
t quҧvӅnhұ
n thӭc, vӅmӭFÿ
ӝWtFKF
ӵc, sӵhӭQJWK~F
ӫa HS ӣ
lӟp TN so vӟi lӟS Ĉ&
ÿ
ӇÿѭD ұ
UD
Q [pW
vӅ
QK
mӭF
ӝÿ
hiӋ

u quҧcӫa viӋ
c vұ
n dө
ng

PPBTNB YjRG
ҥ
y hӑc P{Q
TN&XH lӟp 3 WKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQK91(1


3K˱˯QJSKiSÿL
͉
XWUD$QNHW
ThiӃ
t kӃFiFSKL
Ӄ
XÿL
Ӆ
u tra bҵ
QJ$QNHWÿ
Ӈthu thұ
p dӳliӋ
u tӯGV Yj
HS vӅÿ
Ӆ
WjLQJKL
r
n cӭu.


3K˱˯QJSKiS
WK
͹F

QJKL
͏
P
ĈӅxuҩ
WSKѭѫQJiQ
TN VѭSK
ҥ
m vӅviӋ
c vұ
n dөng PPBTNB YjRG
ҥ
y hӑc P{Q
TN&XH lӟp 3 WKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQK91(1
ӣWUѭ
ӡng TiӇ
u hӑ
c Sӕ+zD1KѫQ
5


&
ҩ
XWU~Fÿ
Ӆ


WjL
MӢĈҪU
1. /t
do chӑ
Qÿ
ӅWjL
2. Lӏ
ch sӱQJKLrQF
ӭu
3. MөFWLrX
QJKLrQF
ӭu
4. GiҧthuyӃ
t khoa hӑ
c
Ĉ
ӕLWѭ
ӧQJNKiFKWK
ӇYjSK
ҥ
PYLQJKLrQF
ӭu
6. NhiӋ
m vөQJKLrQF
ӭu
3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQF
ӭu
8. Cҩ
XWU~Fÿ
ӅWjL

NӜI DUNG
&Kѭѫ
ng 1: &ѫV
ӣOt
luұ
QYjFѫV
ӣthӵc tiӉ
n cӫ
Dÿ
ӅWjL
&KѭѫQJ
Vұ
n dөQJSKѭѫQJSKiS
³
%jQWD\
nһ
n bӝt´trong hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝQJFѫE
ҧ
n ӣP{Q
TӵQKLrQYj[mK
ӝi lӟSWKHRFKѭѫQJWUuQK91(1
&KѭѫQJ
Thӵc nghiӋ
PVѭSK
ҥ
m
KӂT LUҰ19¬.,
ӂN NGHӎ

1. KӃ
t luұ
n
Ĉ
Ӆxuҩ
t
3. KiӃ
n nghӏ

6


1Ӝ,'81*
&+ѬѪ1*
CѪ6
Ӣ/Ë
LUҰ19¬7+
ӴC TIӈN CӪ$Ĉ
ӄ7¬,

1.1. &ѫV
ӣOt
luұn cӫDÿ
ӅWjL
1.1.1. M{KuQKWU˱
ͥng h͕c mͣi VNEN
1.1.1.1. Giͣi thi͏
u v͉P{KuQKWU˱
ͥng h͕c mͣi VNEN
DӵiQ0{KuQKWUѭ

ӡng hӑc mӟi tҥ
i ViӋ
t Nam (DӵiQ
VNEN, Viet Nam Escuela

1XHYD
Oj
ӝt dӵiQY
ӅP
VѭSK
ҥ
m nhҵ
m thiӃ
t kӃYjQKkQU
ӝng mӝt kiӇ
X P{KuQK Q
WUѭ
ӡQJWLrQWL
Ӄ
n, hiӋ
Q
ҥ
LSKK
ÿ
ӧp vӟi mөF WLrXSKiWWUL
Ӈ
QYjÿ
һ
FӇ
m

ÿL
cӫ
a gLiRG
ө
c
ViӋ
t Nam.
0{KuQKWUѭ
ӡng hӑc mӟi khӣi nguӗn tӯ&{O{PELDW
ӯnhӳQJQăP
-ÿ
Ӈ
dҥ
y hӑ
c trong nhӳng lӟSJKpS
ӣYQJPL
Ӆ
QQ~LNKyNKăQ
WKHRQJX\rQW
ҳ
c lҩ
y HS OjP
WUXQJ WkPӯ
0{
a kӃthӯ
KuQK
a nhӳng mһ
Qj\
W WtFK
ӵY

c cӫ
DF
P{ KuQK
ӡng hӑ
c WUѭ

truyӅ
n thӕ
ng, vӯDFyV
ӵÿә
i mӟLFăQE
ҧ
n vӅmөFWLrXÿjRW
ҥ
o, nӝ
LGXQJFKѭѫQJ

WjLOL
Ӌ
u hӑ
c tұ
SSKѭѫQJSKiSG
ҥ
y ±hӑFFiFKÿiQKJLiFiFKW
әchӭc quҧ
n Ot
lӟp hӑ
c,

FѫV

ӣvұ
t chҩ
t phө
c vөcho dҥ
y ±hӑF«0{KuQKWUѭ
ӡng hӑc mӟi tұ
SWUXQJYjR
PPDH
lҩ
y HS OjPWUXQJWkPFK~WU
ӑng SKiWWUL
Ӈ
n NL tӵhӑc. NL OjPYL
Ӌ
FQKyP
cӫa HS. GV
tӯvӏWUtQJѭ
ӡi truyӅ
n thөkiӃ
n thӭc trӣWKjQKQJѭ
ӡi Kѭ
ӟng dү
n, tәchӭc YjK
ӛtrӧFiF
em WURQJTXiWUuQK
hӑ
c tұ
pWuPWzLWULWK
ӭc. VӅbҧ
n chҩ

t, sӵÿәi mӟLVѭSK
ҥ
m trong m{
KuQKWUѭ
ӡng hӑ
c mӟLÿѭ
ӧc thӇhiӋ
n ӣFiFW
ӯ³7
ӵJLiF´³7
ӵchӫ´³7
ӵhӑF´³7
ӵÿiQK
JLi´YjWK
ӵc hiӋ
Qÿѭ
ӧFEѭ
ӟc hӑc tұ
p.
ĈL
Ӈ
m nәi bұ
t cӫD P{ KuQK
sӵÿ
әi Qj\
mӟi vӅFiF
Oj
ҥ
W
KR

ӝQJ
ÿ
Vѭ
ҥ
m. Mӝ
SK
t
trong sӕÿy
Oj
sӵÿ
әi mӟi vӅFiFKWK
ӭc tәchӭc lӟp hӑ
F7KHRP{KuQKF
ӫ
DWUѭ
ӡng hӑc
mӟi, quҧ
n Ot
lӟp hӑFOj³+
ӝ
Lÿ
ӗng tӵquҧ
n HS´FiF³EDQ´WURQJO
ӟp, do HS tӵnguyӋ
n
xung phong hay ÿѭӧFFiFE
ҥ
nÿ
Ӆcӱ. SӵWKjQKO
ұ

SFNJQJQKѭKL
Ӌ
u quҧhoҥ
Wÿ
ӝng cӫ
a
³+
ӝ
Lÿ
ӗng tӵquҧ
n HS´FiF³EDQ´U
ҩ
t cҫ
n sӵWѭY
ҩ
QNKtFKO
Ӌ
JLiPViWF
ӫa GV, phө
huynh Yj
sӵWtFK
ӵc, WtQK
FWUiFK
Ӌ
m cӫ
QKL
a HSӝ
³+
L
ӗng

ÿtӵquҧ
n HS´ Oj
ӝt biӋ
nP
SKiSJL~S
HS ÿѭ
ӧFSKiWKX\
quyӅ
QOjPFK
ӫTXiWUuQKK
ӑ
c tұ
SJLiRG
ө
c. HS FyÿL
Ӆ
u

kiӋ
n hiӇ
X quyӅ
U}
Q Yj WUiFK
Ӌ
P WURQJ
QKL
ӡQJ
P{L
JLiR
ө

F
WUѭ
ӧF
ÿѭ
GUqQ FiF Nƭ
OmQKÿ
ҥ
RNƭQăQJWKDPJLDK
ӧSWiFWURQJFiFKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝng.

7


1.1.1.2. Ĉ̿FÿL
͋
m cͯ
DP{KuQKWU˱
ͥng h͕c mͣi VNEN
™ Ho̩
Wÿ
͡
QJJLiRG
ͭc
-

Mө
FWLrXW

ә
ng thӇcӫ
D0{KuQK91(1OjSKiWWUL
Ӈ
QFRQQJѭ
ӡi: Dҥ
y chӳ- Dҥ
y

QJѭ
ӡi.
-

0{ KuQK ӟ
91(1
ng tӟi chuyӇ
Kѭ
Q FiF
ҥ
W
ӝ
QJ
ÿ
KR JLiR
өF WURQJ
G
ӡng QKj

WKjQKFiFKR
ҥ

Wÿ
ӝ
ng tӵJLiRG
өc cho HS.
-

Mӑ
i hoҥ
W
ӝQJ
ÿ
JLiR
ө
F WURQJ
G
ӡQJ
QKj
Ӆ
uÿ
vu
ͫL
WUѭ
O tFK
ͯa HS, do
F HS th͹c

hi͏
n. Ĉһ
FWUѭQJF
ӫD0{KuQKWUѭ

ӡng hӑc mӟLOj
³
TӴ´
:
xHӑ
c sinh: TӵJLiFW
ӵquҧ
n; tӵhӑ
c, tӵÿiQKJLi
tӵtin, tӵtrӑ
ng.
x*LiRYLrQ7
ӵchӫ
; tӵbӗLGѭ
ӥng.
x1KjWUѭ
ӡng: TӵnguyӋ
n.
-

0{KuQK91(1FyFiFWjLOL
Ӌ
X+ѭ
ӟng dү
QFiFKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝQJJLiRG
ө
c: Tәchӭc dҥ

y

hӑ
c; tәchӭFFiFKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
QJJLiRG
өFĈ
ҥ
Rÿ
ӭc, ThӇchҩ
t, NghӋthuұ
WYj.ƭQăQJ
ӕ
ng
cho HS.
™ Ho̩
Wÿ
͡
ng d̩
y h͕
c
Ĉә
i mӟLFăQE
ҧ
n cӫD0{KuQKWUѭ
ӡng hӑ
c mӟLOj
:

-

ChuyӇ
n hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
QJJLiRG
ө
c cӫ
DQKjWUѭ
ӡQJWKjQKKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
ng tӵJLiRG
өc cӫ
a HS.

1yLFiFKNKiF
, hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
QJJLiRG
өc cӫDQKjWUѭ
ӡng sӁÿѭ
ӧc thӵc hiӋ
QWK{QJTXD
ҥ
t
ÿӝ

ng tәchӭFKѭ
ӟng dү
n HS tӵJLiRG
ө
c.
-

ChuyӇ
n hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
ng dҥ
y cӫD*9WKjQKKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝng tӵhӑc cӫa HS.

-

ChuyӇ
n hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
ng quҧ
n Ot
lӟp cӫ
D*9WKjQKKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝng tӵquҧ

QWURQJQKyP
ӑ
c

tұ
p cӫ
a HS. Hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
ng tӵquҧ
n cӫD+6ÿѭ
ӧFFK~WU
ӑQJSKiWWUL
Ӈ
Q+6ÿѭ
ӧc tӵchӫ
Fy

WUiFKQKL
Ӌ
m vӟi hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝng hӑ
c tұ
p cӫDPuQKÿѭ
ӧFSKiWKX\
NL giao tiӃ
SYjOmQKÿ
ҥ
o;

SKiWWUL
Ӈ
QFiFJLiWU
ӏFiQKkQ
-

HS tӯOjPYL
Ӌ
c vӟi GV WKjQKOjPYL
Ӌ
c vӟi 7jLOL
Ӌ
X+ѭ
ӟng dү
n hӑFYj
WѭѫQ
JWiF

vӟi bҥ
n.
™ 9DLWUzF
ͯa GV
&{QJYL
Ӌ
c cӫa GV OjW
әchӭc lӟp hӑFWKjQKFiFQKyPYj
WKHRG}LKѭ
ӟng dү
n
hoҥ

Wÿ
ӝ
ng cӫa mӛ
i HS ӣQKyPK
ӑ
c tұ
p.

7URQJP{KuQK91(1QKyPOjÿѫQY
ӏhӑc tұ
SFѫE
ҧ
n. 1KyPWUѭ
ӣQJOjQJѭ
ӡi
8


thay mһ
t GV ÿL
Ӆ
X KjQK FiF WKjQK
ӵJLiF
YLrQ
ӵc hoҥ
WtFK
WURQJ
W
ӝ
ng,

ÿ tӵ
F QKyP
quҧ
n, tӵhӑ
c, tӵWuP WzL NKiP
Ӌ
n kiӃ
n thӭ
SKi
F WKHR
SKiW
ӟng dү
nKѭ
cӫ
KL
a 7jL
Ӌ
u OL
+ѭ
ӟng dү
n hӑ
c. MӑLWKjQKYLrQWURQJQKyPSK
ҧ
i tӵQJKLrQF
ӭXWjLOL
Ӌ
u, tӵhӑc, chia sҿ

vӟi bҥ
QEiRFiR

vӟLQKyPN
Ӄ
t quҧhӑc tұ
S&iFWKjQKYLrQWURQJ
әi, thӕ
ng
nhҩ
WYjEiRFiRN
Ӄ
t quҧhӑ
c tұ
p vӟi GV.

Tuy GV NK{QJ
ҧ
i soҥ
SK
Q EjL QKѭQJ
ҧ
L QJKLrQ
ӭX
SK
Nƭ
ӑ
F
c,EjL
hiӇ
X U}
K
TXi

WUuQKKuQKWKjQKNL
Ӄ
n thӭFÿ
Ӈtәchӭc lӟp hӑc, chuҭ
n bӏÿ
ӗGQJG
ҥ
y hӑFÿ
iӅ
u chӍ
nh

nӝ
LGXQJ\rXF
ҫ
XEjLK
ӑFFKRSKK
ӧp vӟLÿ
ӕLWѭ
ӧQJYjG
ӵkiӃ
QFiFWuQKKX
ӕQJNKy

NKăQPj
HS dӉmҳ
c phҧ
LWURQJTXiWUuQKKuQKWKjQK
Ӄ
n thӭFÿ

ӇFyQK
ӳng giҧ
LSKiS
hӧp Ot
, kӏ
p thӡi.
™ Ho̩
Wÿ
͡
ng cͯa GV
-

GV chӑn vӏWUtWKtFKK
ӧSÿ
ӇTXDQViWÿѭ
ӧc hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
ng cӫa tҩ
t cҧFiFQKyPF

HS trong lӟp. GV chӍÿӃ
n hӛtrӧkhi HS FyQKXF
ҫ
XJL~Sÿ
ӥhoһ
c khi GV cҫ
n kiӇ
m tra
viӋ

c hӑc cӫ
a mӝt HS, hoһ
c mӝWQKyP
-

7K{QJ TXDӇ
m
TXDQ
tra, GV ÿiQK
ViW
ӵJLi
FKX\rQ
NL ҫ
V
QF
cӵ
WtFK
c cӫa mӛ
i

HSÿiQKJLiKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
ng cӫ
a tӯQJQKyPYjYDLWUzÿL
Ӆ
XKjQKF
ӫa mӛ
LQKyPWUѭ

ӣng.
-

*9OjQJѭ
ӡi hӛtrӧ, khuyӃ
QNKtFKP
ӑ
i cӕgҳ
ng, nӛlӵFViQJNL
Ӄ
QYjQK
ӳng tiӃ
n

bӝGQK
ӓnhҩ
t cӫa HS. *9FyQKL
Ӌ
m vөpKiWKL
Ӌ
n nhӳng HS FKѭDWtFKF
ӵc, HS gһ
p

NKyNK
ăQWURQJTXiWUuQKK
ӑ
c; kiӇ
m tra, hӛtrӧkӏ
p thӡi nhӳng HS yӃ

Xÿ
ӇJL~SFiFH
KRjQWKjQKQKL
Ӌ
m vөhӑ
c tұ
p.
-

Chӕ
t lҥ
i nhӳng vҩ
Qÿ
ӅFѫE
ҧ
n cӫDEjLK
ӑ
c.

-

ĈiQKJLiKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
ng hӑc cӫ
DFiFFiQKkQFiFQKyPYj
ҧlӟp.

-

Tҥ
RFѫK
ӝ
Lÿ
Ӈmӛ
i HS, mӛLQKyPW
ӵÿiQKJLiWL
Ӄ
n WUuQKK
ӑc tұ
p cӫDPuQK
™ Ho̩
Wÿ
͡
ng cͯa HS

-

+6ÿѭ
ӧc hӑc theo khҧQăQJW
ӕFÿ
ӝULrQJF
ӫ
DPuQKW
ӵquҧ
n, tӵJLiFYjK
ӧSWiF

ÿӇchiӃ

POƭQKNL
Ӄ
n thӭFGѭ
ӟi sӵtәchӭFKѭ
ӟng dү
n cӫa GV.
-

KiӃ
n thӭc hӑFWURQJWUѭ
ӡng hӑFOX{Qÿѭ
ӧc gҳ
n kӃ
WOLrQK
Ӌchһ
t chӁvӟLÿ
ӡi sӕ
ng

KjQJQJj\F
ӫ
a HS.
™ ĈiQKJLi
HS
- GV ÿiQKJLi
HS WK{QJTXDYL
͏
FTXDQViW
*9TXDQViWWL
nh thҫ

QWKiLÿ
ӝhӑ
c
tұ
SWtQKW
ӵJLiFWtFKF
ӵc tham gia hoҥ
Wÿ
ӝQJQKyP
ttQKK
ӧSWiFWK
ӵc hiӋ
QÿL
Ӆ
XKjQK

cӫ
DQKyPWUѭ
ӣng; kӃ
t quҧthӵc hiӋ
QFiFKR
ҥ
Wÿ
ӝ
QJWURQJEjLÿ
ӕi chiӃ
u vӟi mө
FWLrXEj
9

hӑ
c; gKLFKpSF
ӫ
a HS.
- HS t͹ÿiQK
bҧ
JLi
Q WKkQ
ӵÿ
iQK
+6 W
JLi
Ӌ
F KRjQ
YL ӯngWKjQK
hoҥ
W
ӝ
ng
ÿ W

WURQJEjLK
ӑ
c; kӃ
t quҧÿ
ҥ
Wÿѭ
ӧc sau mӛi hoҥ
Wÿ

ӝQJVDXEjLK
ӑc; viӋ
FKRjQWKjQK
өc
WLrXEj
i hӑc cӫDPuQK
.

- ĈiQKJLiF
ͯ
DQKyP
nKyPV
ӁÿiQKJLiFiFWKjQKYLrQ
һ
t: tinh thҫ
n,
WKiLÿ
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11