bài tập nhóm matlab và ứng dụng

 

BểI Q@ềK IƠKE KEBề Oƪ\ IBỴKB Q@ỄK TBƠKE
IƦ Yớ TV. B IBẻ N@KB

NMTCMO Qặ KE DKE
Oặ@ TV KBN

E`ke v`ỗk bke dk7 TbY. T_K ]\MKE TB\K
Cp7 D=0I]DT6=-K
DMKB YIB TBặKB Q@ầK KBN 7
=. KeuyỌk Qĉk Ėật
?. QŠ T`Ẻk Ėật
9. Tbí` H`n Ėộke

(K=0DIDT660)
(K=0DIDT6=6)
(K=0DIDT6==)


 

TV.BIN, tbíke =6, kĉn ?6?6


 

@ TảV ĖƪữI VBÏK IƠKE7
@. N-A@
N-A@CL
CL

` =27 Q`Ẻt nỐt bỉn (aukit`jk) tỵkb ĝ`ỉn truke ỗkb bỎi hỹ (bễ 4), sờ tỵk ibỀ
tỵib cŠy vỉ xẺp cjậ` bỎi tẮp ibj s`kb v`ỗk VT@T tblj quy kb b`k bổkb. E` s
YQ ib bỎi tỨ 4 ĝẺk 2 nơk vỉ ĝ`ỉn kbẮp vỉj ibj tỨke nơk cỉ ĝ`ỉn bễ =6.
@@. E\@DL
` ?47 Q`Ẻt ibƶƭke trãkb tậj e`mj d`ễk keƶỞ` dðke (E\@) ĝỎi e`í trỈ væ sm` sờ
iụm ĝ`ễk trỚ 9 vÿke næu. Ibƶƭke trãkb ibj pbàp kbẮp nỉu iíi vÿke iụm ĝ`ễk
trỚ (ĝlk, kïu, ĝỊ,...), xuẬt e`í trỈ vỉ sm` sờ iụm ĝ`ễk trỚ rm e`mj d`ễk.
@@@.

Y@N\C@KH
Iïu 907 Dðke Y`nuc`kh nô pbỊke pbƶƭke trókb m tbi oi 4 tke quớt. ]umk
sớt x trỗk ijpl Ỡke vỘ` 9 oỐ e`í trỈ hbíi kbmu iụm bễ sờ iíi pbƶƭke trãkb.

@Q.

=


 

` =27 Q`Ẻt nỐt bỉn (aukit`jk) tỵkb ĝ`ỉn truke ỗkb bỎi hỹ (bễ 4), sờ tỵk ibỀ tỵib cŠy
vỉ xẺp cj` bi tp ibj s`kb v`ỗk VT
VT@T
@T tblj quy kb b`
b`ễk
ễk bækb. E`ẩ sỮ YQ ibỀ bỎ
bỎii tỨ
4 ĝẺk 2 nơk vỉ ĝ`ỉn kbẮp vỉj ibj tỨke nơk cỉ ĝ`ỉn bễ =6.
 ` cỉn

@.

Vbƶƭke bƶỘke cỉn `7
∟ Tậj iíi
iíi aukit`jk
aukit`jk ibj pbp ke` dke kbp iới tbụke
tbụke t`k kb
kb ( tỗk s`kb
s`kb v`ỗk, nộ
s s`kb v`ỗk, cp, nụk bi, `n, pbk trn b `n,).
Tj
tbỗn
tbỗn
aukit`jk
aukit`
jk tbi
tbi b`k iới pbp
pbp tợkb
tợkb tjớk ĝ`ỉn iíi
iíi bễ vỉ
vỉ iíi aukit`j
aukit`jkk ĝỉ
xẺp cậ`
iụmiíi
tỨke
nơk.
∟ Ibj b`ỉk
b`ỉk tb
tb iới yỗu
yỗu iùu im

im oổ`
oổ` rm im
im s Ijnnm
Ijnnmkd
kd U`kd
U`kdjw
jw vỉ xuẬt
xuẬt dỪ c`ễu
c`ễu
vỉj a`cl . txt.

@@.

Iíi iƭ s cỵ tbuyt.
Cỵ tb
tbuy
uyt
t im
im bổn
bổn auk
aukit
it`j
`jk.
k.
Cỵ tbuyt
tbuyt kb
kbp,
p, xu
xutt d
d c`u

c`u trjk
trjkee nmtc
nmtcmo.
mo.
Cỵ tbuy
tbuyt
t im nke
nke vỉ iíi pbƶƭ
pbƶƭke
ke tbỠi
tbỠi bjật
bjật ĝỐke
ĝỐke trjke
trjke xỮ cỵ nẩke
nẩke ike
ike kb
ibu` trjke nmtcmo. Ibữ ỵ k iới bổn x cỵ ibu` vổ nm trk iự sk trjke
nmtcmo.
Cỵ tbuyt
tbuyt vọ iíi vÿke
vÿke cẮp (wb`c
(wb`cl,a
l,ajr,
jr,…),
…), bỉn
bỉn ĝ`ọu h`ễk(
h`ễk(`a
`a lcsl,
lcsl, sw`tib
sw`tib imsl,)

imsl,)
trjke nmtcmo
Cỵ tb
tbuy
uyt
t tb
tbmj
mj tớ
tớii v`
v` a`
a`cl
cl

@@@.

Bke dù
dùk ib
ib` t`t`Ẻt.
∟ Tậj iíi au
aukit`jk

m) Auk
Aukit`
it`jk
jk kbẮ
kbẮp
p dỪ
dỪ c`ễu
c`ễu
∟ Iíi

Iíi au
auki
kit`
t`jk
jk ijk
ijk iiùù ib
ibỠi
Ỡi kkĉk
ĉkee kkbẮ
bẮpp
Aukit`jk tbjkeZt`kZs`kbZv`lk7
tbjkeZt`kZs`kbZv`lk7 keƶỞ` dðke kbẮp iíi tbụke t`k im s`kb v`ỗk (Tỗk, nộ s s`kb
v`ỗk, cp) oẽke iíib sỮ dỬke cễkb `kput(‒…………‐,‐s‐)8
aukit`jk  XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cj
XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp^>tbjkeZt`kZs`kbZ
p^>tbjkeZt`kZs`kbZv`lk
v`lk
aukit`jk
  tlkZs`kbZv`lk>`kput('kbmp
tlkZs`kbZv`lk>`kput('kbmp tlk s`kb v`lk7 ',','s'
's')8
)8
  NYYQ>`kput('kbmp
NYYQ>`kput('kbmp nm sj s`kb v`lk7 ',' ,'s')8
's')8
's')8
)8
  cjp>`kput('kbmp
cjp>`kput('kbmp cjp7 '',,'s'
lkd

Aukit`jk kbmpZnjkZbji7
kbmpZnjkZbji7 keƶỞ` dðke sẾ kbẮp nôk bỎi iụm s`kb v`ỗk
aukit`jk
aukit`jkXnjkZbji^>kbmpZnjk
XnjkZbji^>kbmpZnjkZbji
Zbji
's')8
)8
njkZbji>`kput('kbmp
njkZbji>`kput('kbmp njk bji7 ',','s'
lkd
Aukit`jk kbmpZt`kZib`7 ke` dke kbp tợk ibỀ iụm nôk bỎi
aukit`jk
aukit`jk  Xt`kZib`^>kbmpZsjZt`kZib
Xt`kZib`^>kbmpZsjZt`kZib``
  t`kZib`>`kput('kbmp
t`kZib`>`kput('kbmp sj t`k ib`7 ')8
')8
  wb`cl
wb`cl t`kZib`36
 t`kZib`36  
t`kZib`>`kput('kbmp
t`kZib`>`kput(
'kbmp sj t`k ib`7 ')8
')8
  lkd
lkd

?

Aukit`jk kbmpZd`ln7 ke` dke kbp `n im s`kb v`ỗk. Kejổ` dke `kput, aukit`jk kổy iự
tbỗn = vke cp wb`cl oẪt keƶỞ` dðke kbẮp cậ` ĝ`ỉn hb` iù ĝ`ỉn sờ trỗk =6 vổ d` 4
aukit`jkXd`ln^>kbmpZd`ln
Xd`ln^>kbmpZd`ln
aukit`jk
d`ln(=,=)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,=)>`kput('d`ln ibuylk imk7 ')8
')8
d`ln(=,?)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,?)>`kput(
'd`ln om` tmp7 '')8
)8
  d`ln(=,9)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,9)>`kput('d`ln e`um h`7 ')8
')8
  d`ln(=,4)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,4)>`kput('d`ln tb`7 ')8
')8
wb`cl  d`ln(=,=);=6||d`ln(=,?);=6||d`ln(=,9);=6||d
d`ln(=,=);=6||d`ln(=,?);=6||d`ln(=,9);=6||d`ln(=,4);=6||d`ln(=,=)36||d`ln(=,?)36||
`ln(=,4);=6||d`ln(=,=)36||d`ln(=,?)36||
wb`cl
%keƶỞ` dðke s pb` kbp c` ku `n kbùp rm trỗk =6 væ dƶỘ`6
d`ln(=,9)36||d`ln(=,4)36%keƶỞ`
d`ln(=,9)36||d`ln(=,4)36
  d`ln(=,=)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,=)>`kput('d`ln ibuylk imk7 ')8

')8
  d`ln(=,?)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,?)>`kput('d`ln om` tmp7 ')8
')8
  d`ln(=,9)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,9)>`kput('d`ln e`um h`7 ')8
')8
  d`ln(=,4)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,4)>`kput('d`ln tb`7 ')8
')8
lkd
lkd
Ė`ỉn sẾ ĝƶứi kbẮp nỐt cấk kẺu kbẮp ĝ÷ke

Qỉ ĝ`ỉn sẾ ĝƶứi kbẮp cậ` kẺu iù ĝ`ỉn hbôke tbỊm ĝ`ỉn bễ =6
Qd7 smu ĝïy cổ nt trke bp kbp `n oổ` tp == kỗk ibƶƭke trãkb sẾ oẪt keƶỞ` dðke
kbẮp cậ` cấk kỪm

Aukit`jk kbmpZpbmkZtrmn7 keƶỞ` dðke kbẮp pbấk trĉn ĝ`ỉn iụm nổ` nôk bỎi. Kejổ` dke
`kput, aukit`jk kổy iự tbỗn = vke wb`cl oẪt keƶỞ` dðke kbẮp cậ` pbấk trĉn hb` tỜke pbấk
trĉn ĝ`ỉn iíi bễ hbơke oẽke=66%
aukit`jk XpbmkZtrmn^>kbmpZpbmkZtrmn
aukit`jk XpbmkZtrmn^>kbmpZpbmkZtrmn
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,=)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln ibuylk imk7 ')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,=)>`kput('kbmp
')/=668
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,?)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln om` tmp7 '')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,?)>`kput('kbmp

)/=668
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,9)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln h`ln trm7 ')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,9)>`kput('kbmp
' )/=668
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,4)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln tb`7 '')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,4)>`kput('kbmp
)/=668
 

wb`cl 
 pbmkZtrmn(=,=)+pbmkZtrmn(=,?)+pbmk
pbmkZtrmn(=,=)+pbmkZtrmn(=,?)+pbmkZtrmn(=,9)+pbmkZtrmn(=,4)~>=
Ztrmn(=,9)+pbmkZtrmn(=,4)~>=
wb`cl
pbmkZtrmn(=,=)>`kput(
pbmkZtrmn(=,=)>`kput('kbmp
ibuylk imk7 '')/=668
'kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln
)/=668

9


 

 
pbmkZtrmn(=,?)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln om` tmp7 ')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,?)>`kput('kbmp

')/=668
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,9)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln h`ln trm7 ')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,9)>`kput('kbmp
' )/=668
)/=668
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,4)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln tb`7 '')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,4)>`kput('kbmp
 
lkd
lkd
Vbấk trĉn sẾ ĝƶứi kbẮp nỐt cấk kẺu tỜke pbấk trĉn iíi bễ ĝ`ỉn oẽke =66%

Qỉ kẺu keƶỞ` kbẮp hbơke tbỊm ĝ`ọu h`k trỗk tbó ibke trókb s ot ke` dke kbp ĝẺk hb`
kỉj tbỊm.
Qd7 ĝïy cỉ pbấk trĉn iíi ĝ`ỉn ibỀ oke =4 kỗk ibke trókb ộ ot ke` dke kbp cậ` vỉ
cấk tbỠ ? keƶỞ` dðke kbẮp ĝ÷ke

∟ Auk
aukit`jkXtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln
aukit`jkXtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cj
p,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln,pbmkZtrmn^>kbmp(njkZbji,t`kZib`,
,pbmkZtrmn^>kbmp(njkZbji,t`kZib`,
d`ln,pbmkZtrmn )
  b>=8
XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp^>tbjkeZt`kZs`kbZv`lk8
wb`clb3>4
b3>4
wb`cl

njkZbji>XnjkZbji,kbmpZnjkZbji^8%s dke h tbut ebp nke tbỗn dỪ
njkZbji>XnjkZbji,kbmpZnjkZbji^8%sỮ
 
t`kZib`>Xt`kZib`,kbmpZsjZt`kZib`^8
c`ễu væj nẩke trƶỘi ĝù smu nổ` vÿke
 
d`ln>Xd`ln8kbmpZd`ln^8
wb`cl
 
pbmkZtrmn>XpbmkZtrmn8kbmpZpbmkZtrmn^8
 
b>b+=8%smu nổ` cấk kbp c`u tbó b s tke cỗk = e`ớ tr ĝỉ hẺt tb÷i vÿke wb`cl
b>b+=8%smu
  lkd
vã
YQcễkb
ibỀ `kput
bỎi tỨĝỉ4 bỊ`
ĝẺk tbỮ
2 nụk
cpdke
ùu iự
s ibj
kbp
4 ck
vke
cpyỗu
smuiu
tbósoổ`

iự cổnt
xlnvke
ke`
nuk
kbp
t`pvổhbụke

4


 

tậ` ĝïy o`Ẻk b vẨk sẾ tĉke væ nổ` cấk kbp kỗk vke cp s ht tbữi b>2 bji cổ kbẬk
‒k‐ hb` cễkb `kput ibậy
wb`cl b3>2
 b3>2
  wb`cl
's')8
)8
 
i>`kput('omk ij nujk kbmp kum hbjke XP/k^7 '',, 's'
i>`kput('omk
 
`a  strinp`(i,'P'
 strinp`(i,'P')>>=
)>>=
 
njkZbji>XnjkZbji,kbmpZnjkZbji^8
 
t`kZib`>Xt`kZib`,kbmpZsjZt`kZib`^8

 
d`ln>Xd`ln8kbmpZd`ln^8
 
apr`kta('Sk')8
apr`kta('Sk'
)8
 
pbmkZtrmn>XpbmkZtrmn8kbmpZpbmkZtrmn^8
 
apr`kta('Sk')8
apr`kta('Sk'
)8
 
b>b+=8
 strinp`(i,'k')>>=
)>>=
 
lcsl`a  strinp`(i,'k'
 
 orlmh 8
 
lkd
  lkd
lkd
ĝïy cæ aukit`jk tỜke dðke ĝỉ eỎ` cậ` iíi aukit`jk ijk iù ibỠi kĉke kbẮp vỉ iíi aukit`jk kỉy
ĝƶứi ĝẵt trjke vÿke wb`cl ĝỉ keƶỞ` dðke kbp c`ỗk ti iới d c`u nụk bi vổ iới nẩke ibỠm
dỪ d`ễu (njkZbji, t`kZib`, d`ln, pbmkZtrmn)
Ymu hb` tậj aukit`jk vỉ ibj ibậy tm ĝƶứi kbƶ smu7
iíi tbmj tíi kbẮp kb vy
s i vke cp wb`cl cp

c` c`ỗk ti. E`ữp ke`
dke kbp `n im s`kb
v`ỗk = iớib d dổke

Qổ
ùy cổ bổn kbp tbụke t`k
s`kb v`ỗk

o) Iới
Iới au
aukit
kit`j
`jk
k tợkb
tợkb ttjớ
jớk
k
Aukit`jk
Aukit`jk t`kbZd`lnZ
t`kbZd`lnZbl=6
bl=677 sỮ ddỬke
Ửke vÿke wb`cl vỉ nẩ
nẩke
ke tỵ
tỵkb
kb ĝ`
ĝ`ỉn
ỉn bễ =6
iụm iíi nơk

<


 

aukit`jk  Xd`lnZbl=6^>t`kbZd`lnZbl=
Xd`lnZbl=6^>t`kbZd`lnZbl=6(d`ln,pbmkZtrmn)
6(d`ln,pbmkZtrmn)
aukit`jk
m>=8
d`lnZbl=6>X^8
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`ln,=)
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`ln,=)
d`lnZbl=6(m)>d`ln(m,7)*pbmkZtrmn(m,7)'8
m>m+=8
lkd
lkd
∟ Aukit`jk
Aukit`jk t`kbZd`lnZ
t`kbZd`lnZbl47
bl47 ssỮỮ dỬk
dỬkee nẩke
nẩke ĝỉ ttỵkb
ỵkb ĝĝ`ỉn
`ỉn bễ 4 iụm iíi nơ
nơk.
k.
aukit`jk  Xd`lnZbl4^>t`kbZd`lnZbl4(d`lnZ
Xd`lnZbl4^>t`kbZd`lnZbl4(d`lnZbl=6)
bl=6)

aukit`jk
d`lnZbl4>d`lnZbl=6*4/=68
lkd
∟ Aukit`jk
Aukit`jk t`kbZd`lnZ
t`kbZd`lnZtoZt`
toZt`ibZcu
ibZcuy7
y7 sỮ dỬke nẩke ĝỉ tợ
tợkb
kb `
`n
n truke
truke ooókb
ókb
tợib cy im s`kb v`ỗk.
aukit`jkXd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy^>t`kbZd`lnZ
Xd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy^>t`kbZd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)
toZt`ibZcuy(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)
aukit`jk
Y>(d`lnZbl4.*t`kZib`)8
d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy>sun(Y)/sun(t`kZib`)8
lkd
iïu
Aukit`jk
Aukit
`jkĝ`ọu
tjkeZhltZI
tjkeZ
hltZIB7

B7 sỮ dỬke
wb
wb`cl
`cl
xàt Kejỉ`
bbẺt
Ẻt tẬt rm
iiẩẩiÿk
iíi sỮ
n
nơk
ơk
cễkb
h`ễk
`a lcsl`a...
lkd vÿke
ĝỉ xàtcẵp
ĝ`ỉn
tỜkeĝỉhẺt.
dỬke nẩke ĝỉ ibỠm dỪ c`ễu væ xàt dỪ c`ễu.
aukit`jk XtjkeZhltZIB^>t`kbZtjk
aukit`jk 
XtjkeZhltZIB^>t`kbZtjkeZhltZIB(d`lnZbl4)
eZhltZIB(d`lnZbl4)
m>=8
wb`cl
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
 m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
 d`lnZbl4(m)3>4 &&d`lnZbl4(m);>9.5
  `a  d`lnZbl4(m)3>4

 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"M+"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"M+"
 d`lnZbl4(m)39.5 && d`lnZbl4(m);>9.<
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)39.5
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"M"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"M"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)39.<
 d`lnZbl4(m)39.< && d`lnZbl4(m);>9.?
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"O+"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"O+"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)39.?
 d`lnZbl4(m)39.? && d`lnZbl4(m);>?.2
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"O"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"O"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3?.2
 d`lnZbl4(m)3?.2 && d`lnZbl4(m);>?.<
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"I+"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"I+"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3?.<
 d`lnZbl4(m)3?.< && d`lnZbl4(m);>?.?
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"I"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"I"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3?.?
 d`lnZbl4(m)3?.? && d`lnZbl4(m);>?

 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"D+"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"D+"
 d`lnZbl4(m)3? && d`lnZbl4(m);>=.1
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3?
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"D"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"D"
 d`lnZbl4(m)3=.1
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3=.1
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"A"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"A"
  lkd
  tjkeZhltZIB>XtjkeZhltZIB,tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)^8
 lkdm>m+=8

1


 

lkd
∟ Aukit`jk
Aukit`jk xltZhl
xltZhltZqu
tZqum7
m7 t`Ẻp tỬi
tỬi sỮ ddỬke
Ửke vvÿke

ÿke ccẵp,
ẵp, iïu cễkb ĝĝ`ọu
`ọu h`
h`ễk
ễk ĝỉ xxàt
àt
hẺt quẩ.
aukit`jk  XhltZqum,Y^>xltZhltZqum(d`lnZb
XhltZqum,Y^>xltZhltZqum(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)
l4,t`kZib`)
aukit`jk
m>=8
Y>68
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
  t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy>68
`a  d`lnZbl4(m);>=.1
 d`lnZbl4(m);>=.1
  hltZqum(=,m)>"DMT"
hltZqum(=,m)>"DMT"88
  t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy>t`kZib`(=,m)8
lcsl
  hltZqum(=,m)>"HBJKE
hltZqum(=,m)>"HBJKE DMT"8
DMT"8
lkd
  hltZqum>XhltZqum,hltZqum(=,m)^8
  m>m+=8
  Y>Y+t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy8
lkd

lkd

i) Aukit`jk
Aukit`jk b`ỉk tbỈ hẺt
hẺt q tỵkb tjík vỉ kbẮp
kbẮp
aukit`jk 
aukit`jk 
b`lkZtb`(njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,
b`lkZtb`(njkZbji,t`
kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZqum,
tjkeZhltZIB,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZ
d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy,t`kZib`Zt
t`ibZcuy,t`kZib`Zt
`ibZcuy,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)
m>=8
TBJKE T@K Y@KB Q@LKSk'
Q@LKSk')8
)8
apr`kta(''
apr`kta(
'Tlk s`kb v`lk7 %sSkNYYQ7 %sSkCjp7 %sSk'
%sSk',tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8%xut
%xut d c`u s`kb
apr`kta('Tlk
apr`kta(
v`ỗk
apr`kta('ZZZZZZZZZZZZ
apr`kta(

'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZOMKE
ZZZZZZZZZZZOMKE
D@LNZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
D@LNZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZSk'
ZZSk')8
)8
apr`kta('NJK
apr`kta(
'NJK BJI
YJ TI
TJKE HLT(=6) TJKE HLT(IB) HLT ]\MSk'
]\MSk')8
)8
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
  apr`kta('%-?6s%-=9.d%-=2.?a%-=2s%apr`kta('%-?6s%-=9.d%-=2.?a%-=2s%sSk'
sSk',njkZbji(=,m+=),t`k
Zib`(m),d`lnZbl=6(=,m),tjkeZhltZIB(=,m),hl
,m),tjkeZhltZIB(=,m),hltZqum(=,m))8
tZqum(=,m))8%xuẬt
%xuẬt dỪ c`ễk
nôk,njkZbji(=,m+=),t`kZib`(m),d`lnZbl=6(=
bỎi
  m>m+=8
lkd
apr`kta('ZZZZZZZZZZZZ
apr`kta(

'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
ZZZZZZZZZZ 
 ZZZZZZZSk')8
 ZZZZZZZSk'
)8
apr`kta('Sk'
apr`kta(
'Sk')8
)8
'D`ln truke o`kb bl =67 %.?aSk',nlmk(d`lnZbl=6))8
apr`kta('D`ln
apr`kta(
%.?aSk' ,nlmk(d`lnZbl=6))8
'D`ln truke o`kb bl 47 %.?aSk'
%.?aSk',nlmk(d`lnZbl4))8
,nlmk(d`lnZbl4))8
apr`kta('D`ln
apr`kta(
apr`kta('D`ln
apr`kta(
%.?aSk' ,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy)8
'D`ln truke o`kb t`ib7 %.?aSk',d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy)8
apr`kta('Yj
apr`kta(
%.aSk' ,t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy)8
'Yj t`k ib` t`ib cuy7 %.aSk',t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy)8

'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
ZZZZZZZZZZ 
apr`kta('ZZZZZZZZZZZZ
apr`kta(
 ZZZZZZZSk')8
 ZZZZZZZSk'
)8
lkd

5


 

sỮ dỬke apr`kta tậ` aukit`jk kỉy ĝỉ xuẬt iíi dỪ c`ễu iấk tb`Ẻt vỉ trmke trỵ tậ` iụm sỜ ijnnmkd
w`kdjws.
 Ymu ĝïy cæ hẺt quẩ b`ỉk tbỈ7

d) Aukit`jk xuẬt
xuẬt dỪ c`ễu rm a`cl tlxt7 kejæ`
kejæ` rm iÿk n
nỐt
Ốt ibỠi kĉke
kĉke cæ xuẬt
dỪ c`ễu qum qum a`cl .txt ĝỉ keƶỞ` dðke iù tbỉ tbuẮk t`ễk trjke v`ễi tãn
h`Ẻn cậ` dỪ c`ễu s`kb v`ỗk ự. Ymu ùy cổ ijdl im ibi kke ự7

aukit`jk
aukit`jk
kbmpZa`cl(a`cl`k,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZ
kbmpZa`cl(a`cl`k,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln
Zbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZc
qum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZc
uy,t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)
m>=8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'
TBJKE T@K Y@KB Q@LKSk'
Q@LKSk')8
)8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'Tlk
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'Tlk s`kb v`lk7 %sSkNYYQ7 %sSkCjp7 %sSk',tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
%sSk',tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZOMKE
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZOMKE
D@LNZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZSk' )8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'NJK
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'NJK BJI
YJ TI
TJKE HLT(=6) TJKE HLT(IB) HLT
]\MSk')8
]\MSk'
)8
wb`cl
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
 m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'%-?6s%-=9.d%-=2.?a%-=2s%apr`kta(a`cl`k,'%-?6s%-=9.d%-=2.?a%-=2s%sSk',njkZbji(=,m+=),t`kZib`(m),d`lnZbl=6(=,m),tjkeZhltZIB(=,m),hltZqum(=,m))8

sSk'
,njkZbji(=,m+=),t`kZib`(m),d`lnZbl=6(=,m),tjkeZhltZIB(=,m),hltZqum(=,m))8
  m>m+=8
lkd
 
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
apr`kta(a`cl`k,
'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZSk'
 ZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZSk')8
)8
  apr`kta('Sk'
apr`kta('Sk')8
)8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'D`ln
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'D`ln truke o`kb bl =67 %.?aSk'
%.?aSk',nlmk(d`lnZbl=6))8
,nlmk(d`lnZbl=6))8
'D`ln truke o`kb bl
47 %.?aSk',d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy)8
%.?aSk',nlmk(d`lnZbl4))8
%.?aSk'
,nlmk(d`lnZbl4))8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'D`ln
%.?aSk'
t`ib7
,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy)8

2


 

  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'Yj
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'Yj t`k ib` t`ib cuy7 %.aSk',t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy)8
%.aSk',t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy)8
  aicjsl(a`cl`k)8%ĝùke
aicjsl(a`cl`k)8%ĝùke a`cl smu hb` n
lkd
Cu ỵ7 ijdl n a`cl i i trjke nt aukit`jk tỜke bứp, sẾ ĝƶứi trãkb oæy trjke nỬi smu
Ymu ĝïy cæ hẺt quẩ xuẬt rm a`cl .txt

Qæ a`cl.txt sẾ i tj t` a`cl.n i cu. Tỗk a`cl s i cu tblj tỗk im s`kb v`ỗk.

l) Aukit`jk
Aukit`jk tke
tke bp7
bp7 smu hb` tậj
tậj iíi aukit`
aukit`jk
jk ijk iù tỵkb
tỵkb kĉke
kĉke hbíi
kbmu ĝïy cỉ nỐt aukit`jk tỜke bứp iíi aukit`jk ijk.

 
 
 

 

∟ Tậj iíi nẩke
nẩke ĝỉ iibỠm
bỠm dỪ
dỪ c`ễu
c`ễu77 dỪ c`ễu
c`ễu kb
kbẮp
Ắp væ
væjj væ xuẬt rrmm tbã pbẩ` iù vỈ trỵ
ĝỉ cƶu vỉ iíi nẩke ĝƶứi ibỎk ĝỉ cƶu dỪ c`ễu trjke oæ` kæy.
njkZbji>str`ke()8
t`kZib`>X^8
d`ln>X^8
pbmkZtrmn>X^8
hltZqum>str`ke()8

0




tjkeZhltZIB>str`ke()8
tlkZs`kbZv`lk>str`ke()8
NYYQ>str`ke()8
cjp>str`ke()8
cu ỵ7 ik tj iới nke iự tbỉ ibỠm dỪ c`ễu pbð bứp.
vd7 nẩke ibuờ` hỵ tỽ(str`ke)7 ibm nt ibuự` hợ t kb tỗk nụk bi, tỗk s`kb v`ỗk,NYYQ,
cp,

E` iới
iới auk
aukit`jk
it`jk ộ tj vổ m iíi nẩ
nẩke
ke vvỉj
ỉj iíi aukit`jk
aukit`jk iijk
jk ĝỉ dỪ c`
c`ễu
ễu
ĝƶứi ĝƶm vổj, x cợ vổ xut rm
XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln,pbmkZtrmn^>kbmp(njkZbji,t`kZib`,
XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp,njkZbji,t`kZib`,
d`ln,pbmkZtrmn^>kbmp(njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln,pb
d`ln,pb
mkZtrmn)8
Xd`lnZbl=6^>t`kbZd`lnZbl=6(d`ln,pbmkZtrmn)8
Xd`lnZbl4^>t`kbZd`lnZbl4(d`lnZbl=6)8
Xd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy^>t`kbZd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)8
XtjkeZhltZIB^>t`kbZtjkeZhltZIB(d`lnZbl4)8
XhltZqum,t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy^>xltZhltZqum(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)8
Tj tỗk ibj a`c
a`cl.t
l.txt
xt vvổổ n a`c
a`cll eb` d c`u
c`u vổj
".txt")8
)8%tj

%tj tỗk a`cl.txt
tlkZa`cl>strimt(tlkZs`kbZv`lk,
tlkZa`cl>strimt(tlkZs`kbZv`lk,".txt"
  a`cl`k>ajplk(tlkZa`cl,'w'
a`cl`k>ajplk(tlkZa`cl,'w')8
)8%nỚ
%nỚ a`cl ĝỉ eb` dỪ c`ễu
 

∟ EỎ` aukit`
aukit`jk
jk kb
kbmpZa`c
mpZa`cll væ aaukit`
ukit`jk
jk b`
b`ỉk
ỉk tb
tbỈ(
Ỉ( ĝé ĝƶứi trãkb oæy Ớ pbấk
trƶỘi)7 t` ùy ibữ ỵ m iới nke d c`u ộ eỎ` vỉj iíi aukit`jk kỉy ĝỉ
iù dỪ c`ễu ibj iíi bæn kæy xuẬt rm.

kbmpZa`cl(a`cl`k,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZc
kbmpZa`cl(a`cl`k,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZ
qum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZc
uy,t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
 
b`lkZtb`(njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZI
b`lkZtb`(njkZbji,t`kZ

ib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcu
B,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy,t`kZ 
y,t`kZ 
ib`Zt`ibZcuy,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
∟ Qæ væj kbỪke dÿke iụm au
aukit`j
kit`jkk kổy ttbó
bó ộ i
i tj tbỗn = tợkb kkke
ke kkb
b
e`ữp keƶỞ` dðke iù tbẺ kbẮp ĝƶứi dỪ c`ễu iụm kb`ọu s`kb v`ỗk trjke = ck
hb` ke ibke trókb. ùy cổ ijdl ibỠi kĉke kæy7
Dðke `kput7 bỊ` keƶỞ` duke nuờk kbẮp kỪm bmy hbôke.
i>`kput('omk
i>`kput(
'omk ij nujk kbmp s`kb v`lk hbmi hbjke kum hbjke XP/k^7 ',', 's')8
's')8
Dðke = vÿke wb`cl vô bậk7 e`÷p keƶỞ` dðke kbẮp tỘ` hb` keƶỞ`
keƶỞ` dðke keỨke kbẮp d c`u s`kb v`ỗk ht bp v` = iùu ckb
`u h`ễk `a … lcsl`a … lkd vỉ cễkb sj síkb ibuổ` hbơke pbïk o`ễt
`k bjm strinp`()7 kbẮp t`Ẻp bjẵi cỉ hỗt tbữi. Qổ iu` n` `u h`k
iự hõn ckb orlmh8 ĝỉ hẺt tb÷i vÿke wb`cl vỉ hẺt tb÷i tậ` iỮm sỜ
ijnnmkd w`kdjws.
 Kejæ` rm iÿk dðke ĝễ quy
quy ( eỎ` cậ` aukit`jk ự trjke ibợkb kự)
tbi b`k kbp s`kb v`ỗk hbíi.








x>=8%tậj = o`Ẻk tận ( ĝỉ hỵib bjật vÿke wb`cl vơ bậk)
x>=8%tậj
wb`cl x>>=
wb`cl
 x>>=
`a  strinp`(i,'P'
 strinp`(i,'P')>>=
)>>=%tbỽi
%tbỽi b`ễk sj síkb kẺu y bjẵi P tbã tbi b`k t`p s`kb v`ỗk hbới
ici8 %xựm nổke bókb dỪ c`ễu quí trãkb tbỽi b`ễk trƶỘi

=6


 

  prja`clZs`kbZv`lk8 %eỎ` cậ` aukit`jk ĝù trjke ibỵkb tbïk kù
   orlmh 8
lcsl`a  strinp`(i,'k'
 strinp`(i,'k')>>=
)>>=%tbỽi
%tbỽi b`ễk sj síkb kẺu k bjẵi K tbã hẺt tb÷i q trãkb sỮ dỬke
ibƶƭke trãkb
   orlmh 8%hẺt tb÷i vÿke cẮp wb`cl vỉ hẺt tb÷i ibƶƭke trãkb
lkd

lkd

Ijdl iụm ` kỉy
aukit`jk prja`clZs`kbZv`lk
aukit`jk prja`clZs`kbZv`lk
  njkZbji>str`ke()8
  t`kZib`>X^8
  d`ln>X^8
  pbmkZtrmn>X^8
  hltZqum>str`ke()8
  tjkeZhltZIB>str`ke()8
  tlkZs`kbZv`lk>str`ke()8
NYYQ>str`ke()8
  cjp>str`ke()8
 
XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp,njkZbji,t`kZib`,
XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cj
p,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln,pbmkZtrmn^>kbmp(njkZbji,t`kZib`,
d`ln,pbmkZtrmn^>kbmp(njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln,pb
d`ln,pb
mkZtrmn)8
  
 
 
 
 

Xd`lnZbl=6^>t`kbZd`lnZbl=6(d`ln,pbmkZtrmn)8
Xd`lnZbl4^>t`kbZd`lnZbl4(d`lnZbl=6)8
Xd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy^>t`kbZd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)8

XtjkeZhltZIB^>t`kbZtjkeZhltZIB(d`lnZbl4)8
XhltZqum,t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy^>xltZhltZqum(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)8

apr`kta('Sk------------------------------------------------------Sk' )8
apr`kta('Sk------------------------------------------------------Sk'
  tlkZa`cl>strimt(tlkZs`kbZv`lk,".txt"
tlkZa`cl>strimt(tlkZs`kbZv`lk,".txt")8
)8
)8
  a`cl`k>ajplk(tlkZa`cl,'w'
a`cl`k>ajplk(tlkZa`cl,'w')8
 
kbmpZa`cl(a`cl`k,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZ
kbmpZa`cl(a`cl`k,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln
Zbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZc
qum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZc
uy,t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
 
b`lkZtb`(njkZbji,t`kZ
b`lkZtb`(njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZI
ib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcu
B,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy,t`kZ 
y,t`kZ 
ib`Zt`ibZcuy,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
  i>`kput('omk
i>`kput('omk ij nujk kbmp s`kb v`lk hbmi hbjke kum hbjke XP/k^7 ',', 's'
's')8
)8
  apr`kta('Sk'
apr`kta('Sk')8

)8
  x>=8
wb`cl x>>=
 x>>=
wb`cl
`a  strinp`(i,'P'
 strinp`(i,'P')>>=
)>>=
  prja`clZs`kbZv`lk8
   orlmh 8
 strinp`(i,'k')>>=
)>>=
lcsl`a  strinp`(i,'k'
  apr`kta('Sk'
apr`kta('Sk')8
)8
  d`sp('----------------------EJJD
d`sp('----------------------EJJD OPL!-----------------------'
OPL!-----------------------')8
)8
   orlmh 8
lkd
lkd
lkd

==


 

 
aukit`jk  XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cj
aukit`jk
XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp^>tbjkeZt`kZs`kbZ
p^>tbjkeZt`kZs`kbZv`lk
v`lk
  d`sp('-----------------KBMV
d`sp('-----------------KBMV TLK Y@KB Q@LK!------------------')8
Q@LK!------------------')8
'kbmp tlk s`kb v`lk7 '',,'s'
's')8
)8
tlkZs`kbZv`lk>`kput('kbmp
tlkZs`kbZv`lk>`kput(
  NYYQ>`kput('kbmp
NYYQ>`kput('kbmp nm sj s`kb v`lk7 ',' ,'s')8
's')8
  cjp>`kput('kbmp
cjp>`kput('kbmp cjp7 '',,'s'
's')8
)8
lkd
 
aukit`jk  
aukit`jk
b`lkZtb`(njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZI
b`lkZtb`(njkZbji,t`kZ
ib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcu
B,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy,t`kZ 
y,t`kZ 

ib`Zt`ibZcuy,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)
m>=8
ici8
apr`kta(''
apr`kta(
TBJKE T@K Y@KB Q@LKSk'
Q@LKSk')8
)8
apr`kta('Tlk
apr`kta(
'Tlk s`kb v`lk7 %sSkNYYQ7 %sSkCjp7 %sSk'
%sSk',tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
apr`kta('ZZZZZZZZZZZZ
apr`kta(
'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZOMKE
ZOMKE
D@LNZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZSk' )8
'NJK BJI
YJ TI
TJKE HLT(=6) TJKE HLT(IB) HLT
apr`kta('NJK
apr`kta(
]\MSk')8
]\MSk'
)8
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
 m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)

wb`cl
  apr`kta('%-?6s%-=9.d%-=2.?a%-=2s%apr`kta('%-?6s%-=9.d%-=2.?a%-=2s%sSk',njkZbji(=,m+=),t`kZib`(m),d`lnZbl=6(=,m),tjkeZhltZIB(=,m),hltZqum(=,m))8
sSk'
,njkZbji(=,m+=),t`kZib`(m),d`lnZbl=6(=,m),tjkeZhltZIB(=,m),hltZqum(=,m))8
 lkd
m>m+=8
apr`kta('ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
apr`kta(
'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
 ZZZZZZZZZZSk'')8
 ZZZZZZZZZZSk
'Sk')8
)8
apr`kta('Sk'
apr`kta(
apr`kta('D`ln
apr`kta(
'D`ln truke o`kb bl =67 %.?aSk'
%.?aSk',nlmk(d`lnZbl=6))8
,nlmk(d`lnZbl=6))8
apr`kta('D`ln
apr`kta(
'D`ln truke o`kb bl 47 %.?aSk'
%.?aSk',nlmk(d`lnZbl4))8
,nlmk(d`lnZbl4))8
apr`kta('D`ln
apr`kta(
'D`ln truke o`kb t`ib7 %.?aSk'
%.?aSk',d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy)8
,d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy)8

apr`kta('Yj
apr`kta(
'Yj t`k ib` t`ib cuy7 %.aSk'
%.aSk',t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy)8
,t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy)8
apr`kta('ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
apr`kta(
'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
 ZZZZZZZZZZSk'')8
 ZZZZZZZZZZSk
 
lkd
  ukit`jk 
aaukit`jk 
kbmpZa`cl(a`cl`k,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`lnZbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZ
kbmpZa`cl(a`cl`k,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln
Zbl=6,tjkeZhltZIB,hltZqum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZc
qum,d`lnZbl4,d`lnZtoZt`ibZc
uy,t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy,tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)
  m>=8
TBJKE T@K Y@KB Q@LKSk'
Q@LKSk')8
)8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'Tlk
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'Tlk s`kb v`lk7 %sSkNYYQ7 %sSkCjp7 %sSk',tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
%sSk',tlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp)8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZOMKE
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZOMKE

D@LNZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZSk' )8
YJ TI
TJKE HLT(=6) TJKE HLT(IB) HLT
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'NJK
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'NJK BJI
]\MSk')8
]\MSk'
)8
wb`cl
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
 m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'%-?6s%-=9.d%-=2.?a%-=2s%apr`kta(a`cl`k,'%-?6s%-=9.d%-=2.?a%-=2s%sSk',njkZbji(=,m+=),t`kZib`(m),d`lnZbl=6(=,m),tjkeZhltZIB(=,m),hltZqum(=,m))8
sSk'
,njkZbji(=,m+=),t`kZib`(m),d`lnZbl=6(=,m),tjkeZhltZIB(=,m),hltZqum(=,m))8
  m>m+=8
lkd

=?


 

 
'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
apr`kta(a`cl`k,
 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZSk'
 ZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZSk')8
)8

)8
  apr`kta('Sk'
apr`kta('Sk')8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'D`ln
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'D`ln truke o`kb bl =67 %.?aSk'
%.?aSk',nlmk(d`lnZbl=6))8
,nlmk(d`lnZbl=6))8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'D`ln
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'D`ln truke o`kb bl 47 %.?aSk'
%.?aSk',nlmk(d`lnZbl4))8
,nlmk(d`lnZbl4))8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'D`ln
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'D`ln truke o`kb t`ib7 %.?aSk',d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy)8
%.?aSk',d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy)8
  apr`kta(a`cl`k,'Yj
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'Yj t`k ib` t`ib cuy7 %.aSk',t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy)8
%.aSk',t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy)8
 
'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
apr`kta(a`cl`k,'ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 
apr`kta(a`cl`k,
 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZSk'
 ZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZSk')8
)8
aicjsl(a`cl`k)8
lkd
 
aukit`jk  
aukit`jk

XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp,njkZbji,t`kZib`,
XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cj
p,njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln,pbmkZtrmn^>kbmp(njkZbji,t`kZib`,
d`ln,pbmkZtrmn^>kbmp(njkZbji,t`kZib`,d`ln,pb
d`ln,pb
mkZtrmn )
  b>=8
  d`sp('--------------------KBMV
d`sp('--------------------KBMV TBJKE T@K--------------------')8
T@K--------------------')8
XtlkZs`kbZv`lk,NYYQ,cjp^>tbjkeZt`kZs`kbZv`lk8
  wb`cl
wb`cl b3>4
 b3>4
IB@!---------------')8
)8
 
d`sp('---------------KBMV NJK BJI QM T@K IB@!---------------'
d`sp('---------------KBMV
njkZbji>XnjkZbji,kbmpZnjkZbji^8
 
t`kZib`>Xt`kZib`,kbmpZsjZt`kZib`^8
)8
 
apr`kta('Sk')8
apr`kta('Sk'
 
d`ln>Xd`ln8kbmpZd`ln^8
)8
 

apr`kta('Sk')8
apr`kta('Sk'
 
pbmkZtrmn>XpbmkZtrmn8kbmpZpbmkZtrmn^8
 
d`sp('---------------Nj` omk kbmp njk hl t`lp---------------'
d`sp('---------------Nj`
t`lp---------------')8
)8
 
b>b+=8
  lkd
  wb`cl
wb`cl b3>2
 b3>2
 
i>`kput('omk ij nujk kbmp kum hbjke XP/k^7 '',, 's'
i>`kput('omk
's')8
)8
 
`a  strinp`(i,'P'
 strinp`(i,'P')>>=
)>>=
 
njkZbji>XnjkZbji,kbmpZnjkZbji^8
 
t`kZib`>Xt`kZib`,kbmpZsjZt`kZib`^8
 
d`ln>Xd`ln8kbmpZd`ln^8

 
apr`kta('Sk')8
apr`kta('Sk'
)8
 
pbmkZtrmn>XpbmkZtrmn8kbmpZpbmkZtrmn^8
)8
 
apr`kta('Sk')8
apr`kta('Sk'
 
d`sp('---------------Nj` omk kbmp njk hl t`lp---------------'
d`sp('---------------Nj`
t`lp---------------')8
)8
 
b>b+=8
 
lcsl`a  strinp`(i,'k'
 strinp`(i,'k')>>=
)>>=
 orlmh 8
 
 
lkd
  lkd
lkd
 
aukit`jk  XnjkZbji^>kbmpZnjk
aukit`jk

XnjkZbji^>kbmpZnjkZbji
Zbji
  njkZbji>`kput('kbmp
njkZbji>`kput('kbmp njk bji7 ',','s'
's')8
)8
lkd

=9


 

 
aukit`jk  Xt`kZib`^>kbmpZsjZt`kZib
aukit`jk
Xt`kZib`^>kbmpZsjZt`kZib``
  t`kZib`>`kput('kbmp
t`kZib`>`kput('kbmp sj t`k ib`7 ')8
')8
  wb`cl
wb`cl t`kZib`36
 t`kZib`36
 
d`sp('---------------Nj` omk kbmp t`kb ib` cm`!---------------'
d`sp('---------------Nj`
cm`!---------------')8
)8
 
t`kZib`>`kput('kbmp sj t`k ib`7 ')8

t`kZib`>`kput('kbmp
')8
  lkd
lkd
 
aukit`jk Xd`ln^>kbmpZd`ln
aukit`jk
 Xd`ln^>kbmpZd`ln
  d`sp('----------------------KBMV
d`sp('----------------------KBMV D@LN!----------------------')8
D@LN!----------------------')8
d`ln(=,=)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,=)>`kput(
')8
'd`ln ibuylk imk7 ')8
d`ln(=,?)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,?)>`kput(
'd`ln om` tmp7 '')8
)8
  d`ln(=,9)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,9)>`kput('d`ln e`um h`7 ')8
')8
  d`ln(=,4)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,4)>`kput('d`ln tb`7 ')8
')8
wb`cl  d`ln(=,=);=6||d`ln(=,?);=6||d`ln(=,9);=6||d
d`ln(=,=);=6||d`ln(=,?);=6||d`ln(=,9);=6||d`ln(=,4);=6||d`ln(=,=)36||d`ln(=,?)36||
`ln(=,4);=6||d`ln(=,=)36||d`ln(=,?)36||
wb`cl
d`ln(=,9)36||d`ln(=,4)36

  d`sp('---------------Nj`
d`sp('---------------Nj` omk kbmp d`ln cm`!---------------')8
cm`!---------------')8
  d`ln(=,=)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,=)>`kput('d`ln ibuylk imk7 ')8
')8
  d`ln(=,?)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,?)>`kput('d`ln om` tmp7 ')8
')8
  d`ln(=,9)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,9)>`kput('d`ln e`um h`7 ')8
')8
  d`ln(=,4)>`kput('d`ln
d`ln(=,4)>`kput('d`ln tb`7 ')8
')8
lkd
lkd
 
aukit`jk XpbmkZtrmn^>kbmpZpbmkZtrmn
aukit`jk
 XpbmkZtrmn^>kbmpZpbmkZtrmn
 
d`sp('--------------------KBMV VBMK T_MN!-------------------')8
d`sp('--------------------KBMV
T_MN!-------------------')8
 pbmkZtrmn(=,=)>`kput('kbmp
 pbmkZtrmn(=,=)>`kput(
'kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln ibuylk imk7 '')/=668
)/=668
)/=668

 
pbmkZtrmn(=,?)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln om` tmp7 '')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,?)>`kput('kbmp
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,9)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln h`ln trm7 ')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,9)>`kput('kbmp
' )/=668
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,4)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln tb`7 '')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,4)>`kput('kbmp
)/=668
 
apr`kta('Sk')8
apr`kta('Sk'
)8
 
wb`cl
wb`cl  pbmkZtrmn(=,=)+pbmkZtrmn(=,?)+pbmk
pbmkZtrmn(=,=)+pbmkZtrmn(=,?)+pbmkZtrmn(=,9)+pbmkZtrmn(=,4)~>=
Ztrmn(=,9)+pbmkZtrmn(=,4)~>=
 
apr`kta('----------E@M T_@ VBMK T_MN HBJKE BJV CL!-------------Sk')8
apr`kta('----------E@M
CL!-------------Sk' )8
 
apr`kta('---------------Nj` omk kbmp d`ln cm`!-----------------Sk')8
apr`kta('---------------Nj`
cm`!-----------------Sk')8
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,=)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln ibuylk imk7 ')/=668

pbmkZtrmn(=,=)>`kput('kbmp
')/=668
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,?)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln om` tmp7 '')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,?)>`kput('kbmp
)/=668
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,9)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln h`ln trm7 ')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,9)>`kput('kbmp
' )/=668
 
pbmkZtrmn(=,4)>`kput('kbmp pbmk trmn d`ln tb`7 '')/=668
pbmkZtrmn(=,4)>`kput('kbmp
)/=668
 
apr`kta('Sk')8
apr`kta('Sk'
)8
 
lkd
lkd
 
aukit`jk  Xd`lnZbl=6^>t`kbZd`lnZbl=
aukit`jk
Xd`lnZbl=6^>t`kbZd`lnZbl=6(d`ln,pbmkZtrmn)
6(d`ln,pbmkZtrmn)
  m>=8
  d`lnZbl=6>X^8
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`ln,=)
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`ln,=)

d`lnZbl=6(m)>d`ln(m,7)*pbmkZtrmn(m,7)'8
  m>m+=8
lkd
lkd

=4


 

 
aukit`jk  Xd`lnZbl4^>t`kbZd`lnZbl4(d`lnZ
aukit`jk
Xd`lnZbl4^>t`kbZd`lnZbl4(d`lnZbl=6)
bl=6)
d`lnZbl4>d`lnZbl=6*4/=68
lkd
 
aukit`jk  Xd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy^>t`kbZd`lnZ
aukit`jk
Xd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy^>t`kbZd`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)
toZt`ibZcuy(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)
  Y>(d`lnZbl4.*t`kZib`)8
  d`lnZtoZt`ibZcuy>sun(Y)/sun(t`kZib`)8
lkd
 
aukit`jk  XtjkeZhltZIB^>t`kbZtjk
aukit`jk
XtjkeZhltZIB^>t`kbZtjkeZhltZIB(d`lnZbl4)
eZhltZIB(d`lnZbl4)

m>=8
wb`cl
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
 m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
  `a  d`lnZbl4(m)3>4
 d`lnZbl4(m)3>4 &&d`lnZbl4(m);>9.5
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"M+"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"M+"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)39.5
 d`lnZbl4(m)39.5 && d`lnZbl4(m);>9.<
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"M"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"M"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)39.<
 d`lnZbl4(m)39.< && d`lnZbl4(m);>9.?
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"O+"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"O+"
 d`lnZbl4(m)39.? && d`lnZbl4(m);>?.2
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)39.?
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"O"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"O"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3?.2
 d`lnZbl4(m)3?.2 && d`lnZbl4(m);>?.<
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"I+"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"I+"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3?.<

 d`lnZbl4(m)3?.< && d`lnZbl4(m);>?.?
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"I"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"I"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3?.?
 d`lnZbl4(m)3?.? && d`lnZbl4(m);>?
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"D+"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"D+"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3?
 d`lnZbl4(m)3? && d`lnZbl4(m);>=.1
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"D"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"D"
  lcsl`a  d`lnZbl4(m)3=.1
 d`lnZbl4(m)3=.1
 
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"A"88
tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)>"A"
  lkd
  tjkeZhltZIB>XtjkeZhltZIB,tjkeZhltZIB(=,m)^8
  m>m+=8
lkd
lkd
 
aukit`jk  XhltZqum,Y^>xltZhltZqum(d`lnZb
aukit`jk
XhltZqum,Y^>xltZhltZqum(d`lnZbl4,t`kZib`)
l4,t`kZib`)
m>=8

Y>68
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
wb`cl m3>s`zl(d`lnZbl4,?)
  t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy>68
`a  d`lnZbl4(m);>=.1
 d`lnZbl4(m);>=.1
  hltZqum(=,m)>"DMT"
hltZqum(=,m)>"DMT"88
  t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy>t`kZib`(=,m)8
lcsl
  hltZqum(=,m)>"HBJKE
hltZqum(=,m)>"HBJKE DMT"8
DMT"8
lkd
  hltZqum>XhltZqum,hltZqum(=,m)^8
  m>m+=8
  Y>Y+t`kZib`Zt`ibZcuy8

=<


 

lkd
lkd

Oæ` ?47 Q`Ẻt ibƶƭke trãkb tậj e`mj d`ễk keƶỞ` dðke (E\@) ĝỎi e`í trỈ vỉ sm` sờ iụm
ĝ`ễk trỚ 9 vÿke nỉu. Ibƶƭke trãkb ibj pbàp kbẮp nỉu iíi vÿke iụm ĝ`ễk trỚ (ĝlk,
kïu, ĝỊ,...), xuẬt e`í trỈ vỉ sm` sờ iụm ĝ`ễk trỚ rm e`mj d`ễk.
Oæ` cæn

@

Vbƶƭke bƶỘke cæn ` 7
 tbmy vã ibj pbàp keƶỞ` dð
dðke
ke kbẮp iíi vÿ
vÿke
ke nổu tblj yỗu iu i
imm oổ` tm s dke 9
kữt cễkb pjpupnlku ĝỉ ibj keƶỞ` dðke ibỎk iíi vÿke nỉu iù sẼk iụm ĝ`ễk trỚ 9 vÿke
næu , sỮ dỬke iíi iơke tbỠi tỵkb e`í trỈ ĝ`ễk trỚ sm` sờ Ớ iíi k÷t pjpupnlku ĝỉ hb`
keƶỞ` dðke ibỎk Ớ iíi pjpupnlku iíi vÿke nỉu iù sẼk tbã sẾ suẬt rm e`í trỈ ĝ`ễk trỚ
vỉ sm` sờ tƶƭke Ỡke iụm kù.

@@

Iƭ s cỵ tbuyt7
Tbmj
Tbmj tới
tới hb
hb` ttj
j E\
E\@@
Iới
Iới bổ
bổn
n tb
tbƶỞ
ƶỞke
ke eẵp

eẵp trj
trjke
ke E\
E\@@
∟ Iíi
Iíi bỉ
bỉn
n ĝ`
ĝ`ọu
ọu hh`ễ
`ễk(
k( `a,
`a,sw
sw`t
`tib
ib ims
imsl,
l,…)
…)

@@@

Ijdl7

∟ Qðke
Qðke hb
hbỚ`
Ớ` Tậj
Tậj ’ Hb
Hbôk

ôkee iibỀ
bỀkb
kb ssỮm7
Ữm7
aukit`jk vmrmrejut > DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrj(vmrmre`k)
aukit`jk vmrmrejut
% DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT_J NMTCMO ijdl ajr DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrj.a`e
% DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LK
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT_J,
ZT_J, oy `tslca, irlmtls m klw DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZ
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT_J
T_J jr
rm`sls tbl lx`st`ke
%
% s`kecltjk*.
% B > DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT_J
_J rlturks tbl bmkdcl tj m klw
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT_J
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LK
ZT_J jr tbl bmkdcl tj
% tbl lx`st`ke s`kecltjk*.
%
% DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LK
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT_J('IMCCOMIH',bJo
ZT_J('IMCCOMIH',bJoglit,lvlktDmtm,bmkdcls,...)
glit,lvlktDmtm,bmkdcls,...) imccs tbl
cjimc
% aukit`jk kmnld IMCCOMIH `k DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZ
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT_J.N

T_J.N w`tb tbl e`vlk `kput
mreunlkts.
%
% DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LK
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT_J('Vrjplrty','Qmcul',...)
ZT_J('Vrjplrty','Qmcul',...) irlmtls m klw
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LKZT_J
DJIZE@MZT_@ZD@LK
ZT_J jr rm`sls tbl
% lx`st`ke s`kecltjk*. Ytmrt`ke arjn tbl clat, prjplrty vmcul pm`rs mrl
% mppc`ld tj tbl E\@ olajrl DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJp
DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJplk`keAik
lk`keAik elts imccld. Mk
% ukrlijek`zld prjplrty kmnl jr `kvmc`d vmcul nmhls prjplrty mppc`imt`jk

=1


 

DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJplk`keAik
Aik v`m vmrmre`k.
% stjp. Mcc `kputs mrl pmssld tj DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJplk`ke
%
% *Yll E\@ Jpt`jks jk E\@DL's Tjjcs nlku. Ibjjsl "E\@ mccjws jkcy jkl
% `kstmkil tj ruk (s`kecltjk)".
%
% Yll mcsj7 E\@DL, E\@DMTM, E\@BMKDCLY
 
% Ld`t tbl mojvl tlxt tj njd`ay tbl rlspjksl tj blcp DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrj

 
% Cmst Njd`a`ld oy E\@DL v?.< =4-Jit-?6?6 ?67=27=6
 
% Ole`k `k`t`mc`zmt`jk ijdl - DJ KJT LD@T
eu`ZY`kecltjk > =8
eu`ZYtmtl > struit('eu`ZKmnl'
struit('eu`ZKmnl',,
na`clkmnl, ...
 
'eu`ZY`kecltjk',
'eu`ZY`kecltjk', eu`ZY`kecltjk, ...
 
'eu`ZJplk`keAik',
'eu`ZJplk`keAik', FDjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJplk`k
FDjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJplk`keAik,
eAik, ...
 
'eu`ZJutputAik',
'eu`ZJutputAik', FDjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJutputAik, ...
 
'eu`ZCmyjutAik',
'eu`ZCmyjutAik', X^ , ...
 
'eu`ZImccomih',
'eu`ZImccomih', X^)8
 kmre`k && `sibmr(vmrmre`k{=})
`a  kmre`k
  eu`ZYtmtl.eu`ZImccomih > str?auki(vmrmre`k{=})8
lkd
 

`a  kmrejut
 kmrejut
  Xvmrmrejut{=7kmrejut}^ > eu`Znm`kaik(eu`ZYtmtl, vmrmre`k{7})8
lcsl
  eu`Znm`kaik(eu`ZYtmtl, vmrmre`k{7})8
lkd
% Lkd `k`t`mc`zmt`jk ijdl - DJ KJT LD@T
∟ Qðke
Qðke tbỽ
tbỽii tb` T
TrƶỘ
rƶỘii hb` DjiZ
DjiZd`l
d`lkZt
kZtrj
rj ĝƶứi
ĝƶứi b`
b`ỉk
ỉk tb
tbỈ7
Ỉ7
% --- Lxliutls gust olajrl DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrj `s nmdl v`s`ocl.
aukit`jk DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJplk`keAik(bJoglit,
aukit`jk
 DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJplk`keAik(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls, vmrmre`k)
% Tb`s aukit`jk bms kj jutput mres, sll JutputAik.
tj -a`eurl
% bJoglit
lvlktdmtm bmkdcl
rlslrvld

tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO
NMTCMO
% bmkdcls struiturl w`tb bmkdcls mkd uslr dmtm (sll E\@DMTM)
% vmrmre`k ijnnmkd c`kl mreunlkts
mreunlkts tj DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrj (sll QM_M_E@K)
QM_M_E@K)
 
% Ibjjsl dlamuct ijnnmkd c`kl jutput ajr DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrj
bmkdcls.jutput > bJoglit8
 
% \pdmtl bmkdcls struiturl
eu`dmtm(bJoglit, bmkdcls)8
 
% \@UM@T nmhls DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrj wm`t ajr uslr rlspjksl (sll \@_LY\NL)
% u`wm`t(bmkdcls.a`eurl=)8
ecjomc vmcul=
ecjomc
 vmcul= vmcul? vmcul9 rls`stjr tjclrmkil
vmcul=>68
vmcul?>68

=5


 

vmcul9>68
rls`stjr>68
tjclrmkil>68

∟ HẺt quẩ
quẩ ĝĝấu
ấu rm ttỨỨ ibỠi
ibỠi kĉ
kĉke
ke kkæy
æy ĝĝƶứi
ƶứi ttrẩ
rẩ vọ
vọ dÿke
dÿke cễk
cễkb7
b7
% --- Jutputs arjn tb`s aukit`jk mrl rlturkld tj tbl ijnnmkd c`kl.
aukit`jk vmrmrejut
aukit`jk
 vmrmrejut > DjiZe`mZtr`Zd`lkZtrjZJutputAik(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls)
% vmrmrejut ilcc mrrmy ajr rlturk`ke jutput
jutput mres (sll QM_M_EJ\T)8
QM_M_EJ\T)8
% bJoglit bmkdcl tj a`eurl
% lvlktdmtm rlslrvld - tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO
NMTCMO
% bmkdcls struiturl w`tb bmkdcls mkd uslr dmtm (sll E\@DMTM)
 
% Elt dlamuct ijnnmkd c`kl jutput arjn bmkdcls struiturl
vmrmrejut{=} > bmkdcls.jutput8
∟ Tbỽi
Tbỽi b`ễk

b`ễk tbmy
tbmy ĝỜ`
ĝỜ` cỽm ibỎk
ibỎk trj
trjke
ke bbỐp
Ốp dmkb
dmkb síi
síib=7
b=7
% --- Lxliutls jk slclit`jk ibmkel `k c`stojx=.
aukit`jk c`stojx=ZImccomih(bJoglit,
aukit`jk
 c`stojx=ZImccomih(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls)
% bJoglit bmkdcl tj c`stojx= (sll EIOJ)
% lvlktdmtm rlslrvld - tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO
NMTCMO
%
  bmkdcls struiturl w`tb bmkdcls mkd uslr dmtm (sll E\@DMTM)
% B`kts7 ijktlkts > ilccstr(elt(bJoglit,'Ytr`ke')) rlturks c`stojx= ijktlkts ms ilcc mrrmy
%
ijktlkts{elt(bJoglit,'Qmcul')} rlturks slclitld `tln arjn c`stojx=
∟ Tbỽi tb`
tb` trjke quí trãk
trãkbb tậj ĝờ
ĝờ`` tƶứke
tƶứke,, smu hb
hb`` tb`Ẻt cẮ
cẮpp tẬt iẩ iíi tb

tbuỐi
uỐi tỵk
tỵkbb Ớ trjk
trjkee bỐp
dmkb síib=7
% --- Lxliutls dur`ke joglit irlmt`jk, matlr sltt`ke mcc prjplrt`ls.
aukit`jk c`stojx=ZIrlmtlAik(bJoglit,
aukit`jk
 c`stojx=ZIrlmtlAik(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls)
% bJoglit bmkdcl tj c`stojx= (sll EIOJ)
% lvlktdmtm rlslrvld - tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO
NMTCMO
% bmkdcls lnpty - bmkdcls
bmkdcls kjt irlmtld ukt`c matlr mcc IrlmtlAiks imccld
  B`kt7 c`stojx ijktrjcs usumccy bmvl m wb`tl omiherjukd jk U`kdjws.
%
%
Yll @YVI mkd IJNV\TL_.
`a  `spi
 `spi && `slqumc(elt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'
`slqumc(elt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'),
),
elt(6,'dlamuct\`ijktrjcOmiherjukdIjcjr'
elt(6,
'dlamuct\`ijktrjcOmiherjukdIjcjr'))
))
  slt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'
slt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr',,'wb`tl'
'wb`tl')8

)8
lkd
∟ Tbỽi
Tbỽi b`ễk
b`ễk tb
tbmy
my ĝĝỜ`
Ờ` ccỽm
ỽm ibỎk
ibỎk ttrjk
rjkee nl
nlkuZ
kuZijc
ijcjrZ
jrZ=7
=7
% --- Lxliutls jk slclit`jk ibmkel `k nlkuZijcjrZ=.
aukit`jk nlkuZijcjrZ=ZImccomih(bJoglit,
aukit`jk
 nlkuZijcjrZ=ZImccomih(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls)
% bJoglit bmkdcl tj nlkuZijcjrZ= (sll EIOJ)
% lvlktdmtm rlslrvld - tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO
NMTCMO
% bmkdcls struiturl w`tb bmkdcls mkd uslr dmtm (sll E\@DMTM)
 

=2

 

% B`kts7 ijktlkts > ilccstr(elt(bJoglit,'Ytr`ke')) rlturks nlkuZijcjrZ= ijktlkts ms ilcc mrrmy
%
ijktlkts{elt(bJoglit,'Qmcul')} rlturks slclitld `tln arjn nlkuZijcjrZ=
ecjomc vmcul=
ecjomc
 vmcul= vmcul? vmcul9 rls`stjr tjclrmkil
vmcul=> elt(bmkdcls.nlkuZijcjrZ=,'vmcul'
elt(bmkdcls.nlkuZijcjrZ=,'vmcul')-=8
)-=8
rls`stjr> (=6*vmcul=+vmcul?)*=6[vmcul9
(=6*vmcul=+vmcul?)*=6[vmcul988
tjclrmkil> rls`stjr*6.?8
'str`ke',, spr`kta('E`m
spr`kta('E`m tr` d`lk trj7 %d jnSkYm`
jnSkYm` sj7
sj7 %.?a jn'
jn',, rls`stjr,
slt(bmkdcls.tlxtJutput,'str`ke'
slt(bmkdcls.tlxtJutput,
tjclrmkil))8
∟ Tbỽi tb`
tb` trj
trjke
ke quí
quí trãkb tậj ĝờ
ĝờ`` tƶứk
tƶứke,
e, smu hb` tb

tb`Ẻt
`Ẻt cẮp ttẬt
Ật iẩ iíi tbuỐi tỵkb Ớ
trjke nlkuZijcjrZ=7
% --- Lxliutls dur`ke joglit irlmt`jk, matlr sltt`ke mcc prjplrt`ls.
aukit`jk nlkuZijcjrZ=ZIrlmtlAik(bJoglit,
aukit`jk
 nlkuZijcjrZ=ZIrlmtlAik(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls)
% bJoglit bmkdcl tj nlkuZijcjrZ= (sll EIOJ)
% lvlktdmtm rlslrvld - tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO
NMTCMO
% bmkdcls lnpty - bmkdcls
bmkdcls kjt irlmtld ukt`c matlr mcc IrlmtlAiks imccld
 
% B`kt7 pjpupnlku ijktrjcs usumccy bmvl m wb`tl omiherjukd jk U`kdjws.
%
Yll @YVI mkd IJNV\TL_.
`a  `spi
 `spi && `slqumc(elt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'
`slqumc(elt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'),
),
'dlamuct\`ijktrjcOmiherjukdIjcjr'))
))
elt(6,'dlamuct\`ijktrjcOmiherjukdIjcjr'
elt(6,
 lkdslt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'
slt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr',,'wb`tl'
'wb`tl')8
)8

∟ Tbỽi
Tbỽi tb`
tb` tbm
tbmyy ĝỜ
ĝỜ`` cỽm ibỎk
ibỎk trj
trjke
ke n
nlku
lkuZij
Zijcjr
cjrZ?
Z?77
% --- Lxliutls jk slclit`jk ibmkel `k nlkuZijcjrZ?.
aukit`jk nlkuZijcjrZ?ZImccomih(bJoglit,
aukit`jk
 nlkuZijcjrZ?ZImccomih(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls)
% bJoglit bmkdcl tj nlkuZijcjrZ? (sll EIOJ)
% lvlktdmtm rlslrvld - tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO
NMTCMO
% bmkdcls struiturl w`tb bmkdcls mkd uslr dmtm (sll E\@DMTM)
 
% B`kts7 ijktlkts > ilccstr(elt(bJoglit,'Ytr`ke')) rlturks nlkuZijcjrZ? ijktlkts ms ilcc mrrmy
%
ijktlkts{elt(bJoglit,'Qmcul')} rlturks slclitld `tln arjn nlkuZijcjrZ?
ecjomc vmcul=
ecjomc
 vmcul= vmcul? vmcul9 rls`stjr tjclrmkil
vmcul?> elt(bmkdcls.nlkuZijcjrZ?,'vmcul'

elt(bmkdcls.nlkuZijcjrZ?,'vmcul')-=8
)-=8
rls`stjr> (=6*vmcul=+vmcul?)*=6[vmcul9
(=6*vmcul=+vmcul?)*=6[vmcul988
tjclrmkil> rls`stjr*6.?8
slt(bmkdcls.tlxtJutput,'str`ke'
slt(bmkdcls.tlxtJutput,
'str`ke',, spr`kta('E`m
spr`kta('E`m tr` d`lk trj7 %d jnSkYm`
jnSkYm` sj7
sj7 %.?a jn'
jn',, rls`stjr,
tjclrmkil))8
∟ Tbỽi tb`
tb` trj
trjke
ke quí
quí trãkb tậj ĝờ
ĝờ`` tƶứk
tƶứke,
e, smu hb` tb
tb`Ẻt
`Ẻt cẮp ttẬt
Ật iẩ iíi tbuỐi tỵkb Ớ
trjke nlkuZijcjrZ?7
% --- Lxliutls dur`ke joglit irlmt`jk, matlr sltt`ke mcc prjplrt`ls.
aukit`jk nlkuZijcjrZ?ZIrlmtlAik(bJoglit,
aukit`jk
 nlkuZijcjrZ?ZIrlmtlAik(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls)
% bJoglit bmkdcl tj nlkuZijcjrZ? (sll EIOJ)

% lvlktdmtm rlslrvld - tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO
NMTCMO
% bmkdcls lnpty - bmkdcls
bmkdcls kjt irlmtld ukt`c matlr mcc IrlmtlAiks imccld
 

=0


 

% B`kt7 pjpupnlku ijktrjcs usumccy bmvl m wb`tl omiherjukd jk U`kdjws.
%
Yll @YVI mkd IJNV\TL_.
`a  `spi
 `spi && `slqumc(elt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'
`slqumc(elt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'),
),
elt(6,'dlamuct\`ijktrjcOmiherjukdIjcjr'
elt(6,
'dlamuct\`ijktrjcOmiherjukdIjcjr'))
))
  slt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'
slt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr',,'wb`tl'
'wb`tl')8
)8
lkd
∟ Tbỽi
Tbỽi tb`

tb` tbm
tbmyy ĝỜ
ĝỜ`` cỽm ibỎk
ibỎk trj
trjke
ke n
nlku
lkuZij
Zijcjr
cjrZ9
Z977
% --- Lxliutls jk slclit`jk ibmkel `k nlkuZijcjrZ9.
aukit`jk nlkuZijcjrZ9ZImccomih(bJoglit,
aukit`jk
 nlkuZijcjrZ9ZImccomih(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls)
% bJoglit bmkdcl tj nlkuZijcjrZ9 (sll EIOJ)
% lvlktdmtm rlslrvld - tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO
NMTCMO
% bmkdcls struiturl w`tb bmkdcls mkd uslr dmtm (sll E\@DMTM)
 
% B`kts7 ijktlkts > ilccstr(elt(bJoglit,'Ytr`ke')) rlturks nlkuZijcjrZ9 ijktlkts ms ilcc mrrmy
%
ijktlkts{elt(bJoglit,'Qmcul')} rlturks slclitld `tln arjn nlkuZijcjrZ9
ecjomc vmcul=
ecjomc
 vmcul= vmcul? vmcul9 rls`stjr tjclrmkil
vmcul9> elt(bmkdcls.nlkuZijcjrZ9,'vmcul'
elt(bmkdcls.nlkuZijcjrZ9,'vmcul')-=8
)-=8

rls`stjr> (=6*vmcul=+vmcul?)*=6[vmcul9
(=6*vmcul=+vmcul?)*=6[vmcul988
tjclrmkil> rls`stjr*6.?8
'str`ke',, spr`kta('E`m
spr`kta('E`m tr` d`lk trj7 %d jnSkYm`
jnSkYm` sj7
sj7 %.?a jn'
jn',, rls`stjr,
slt(bmkdcls.tlxtJutput,'str`ke'
slt(bmkdcls.tlxtJutput,
tjclrmkil))8
∟ Tbỽi tb`
tb` trj
trjke
ke quí
quí trãkb tậj ĝờ
ĝờ`` tƶứk
tƶứke,
e, smu hb` tb
tb`Ẻt
`Ẻt cẮp ttẬt
Ật iẩ iíi tbuỐi tỵkb Ớ
trjke nlkuZijcjrZ97
% --- Lxliutls dur`ke joglit irlmt`jk, matlr sltt`ke mcc prjplrt`ls.
aukit`jk nlkuZijcjrZ9ZIrlmtlAik(bJoglit,
aukit`jk
 nlkuZijcjrZ9ZIrlmtlAik(bJoglit, lvlktdmtm, bmkdcls)
% bJoglit bmkdcl tj nlkuZijcjrZ9 (sll EIOJ)
% lvlktdmtm rlslrvld - tj ol dla`kld `k m auturl vlrs`jk
vlrs`jk ja NMTCMO

NMTCMO
% bmkdcls lnpty - bmkdcls
bmkdcls kjt irlmtld ukt`c matlr mcc IrlmtlAiks imccld
 
% B`kt7 pjpupnlku ijktrjcs usumccy bmvl m wb`tl omiherjukd jk U`kdjws.
%
Yll @YVI mkd IJNV\TL_.
`a  `spi
 `spi && `slqumc(elt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'
`slqumc(elt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'),
),
elt(6,'dlamuct\`ijktrjcOmiherjukdIjcjr'
elt(6,
'dlamuct\`ijktrjcOmiherjukdIjcjr'))
))
  slt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr'
slt(bJoglit,'OmiherjukdIjcjr',,'wb`tl'
'wb`tl')8
)8
lkd

@Q

E`mj
`mj d`
d`ễk
ễk tb`
b`Ẻt
Ẻt h trỗ
rỗk

k E\@7
Iới tbổkb pbk i tb`t h trỗk E\@7
9 cễkb stmt`i tlxt ĝƶứi eb` cæ ijcjr 
9 cễkb pjpupnlku ĝ`ọk iíi vÿke nỉu iụm ĝ`ễk trỚ 
= cễkb ld`t tlxt ĝỉ b`ỉk tbỈ hẺt quẩ




?6


 

∟ E`mj d`ễk E\@ hb` bjæk ibỀkb7

?=


 

Q

HẺt q
qu
uẩ ib
ibậy iib
bƶƭke ttrrãkb7

Hb` tm kbẮp e`í trỈ iụm ĝ`ễk trỚ 9 vjke næu cæ 7 ĝlk-kïu-ĝỊ

??


 

Iïu 907 Dðke Y`nuc`kh nô pbỊke pbƶƭke trãkb ĝm tbỠi oi 4 tke quớt. ]umk sớt x
trỗk ijpl ke v` 9 oỐ e`í trỈ hbíi kbmu iụm bễ sờ iíi pbƶƭke trãkb.
oæ` cæn
Vbƶƭke trãkb ĝm tbỠi oẮi 4 iù dậke tỜke quít7 A ( x )> m R  + o R  + i R  + dR + l
4

9

?

Tm nô pbỊke pbƶƭke trãkb ĝm tbỠi qum iíi oƶỘi kbƶ smu7
-

Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Ntmb, ibỎk hbờ` Mcelor`i Ijkstrm`kt ĝỉ e`ẩ` pbƶƭke trãkb ĝm tbỠi
Tậj bễ sờ l
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Yjurils, ibỎk hbờ` Ijkstmkt
Ijkstmkt ĝỉ tậj e`í trỈ iụm l

-

Tậj dR
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Nmtb, ibỎk hbờ` Em`k ĝỉ tậj e`í trỈ iụm d, tm ĝƶứi dR

-

Tậj iR?
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Nmtb, ibỎk hbờ` Nmtb Aukit`jk, tậ` dÿke Aukit`jk ibỎk squmrl ĝỉ tậj
bæn R?
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Yjurils, ibỎk hbờ` Ijkstmkt
Ijkstmkt ĝỉ tậj e`í trỈ iụm i
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Nmtb, ibỎk hbờ` Vrjduit ĝỉ tậj iR?

-

Tậj oR9
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Nmtb, ibỎk hbờ` Nmtb Aukit`jk, tậ` dÿke Aukit`jk ibỎk Vjw ĝỉ tậj
hbờ` cæ bæn Rv 
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Yjurils, ibỎk hbờ` Ijkstmkt ĝỉ tậj e`í trỈ nŠ v cỉ 9
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Yjurils, ibỎk hbờ` Ijkstmkt ĝỉ tậj e`í trỈ o
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Nmtb, ibỎk hbờ` Vrjduit ĝỉ tậj oR9

-

Tậj mR4
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Nmtb, ibỎk hbờ` Nmtb Aukit`jk, tậ` dÿke Aukit`jk ibỎk Vjw ĝỉ tậj
hbờ` cæ bæn Rv 
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Yjurils, ibỎk hbờ` Ijkstmkt ĝỉ tậj e`í trỈ nŠ v cỉ 4
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Yjurils, ibỎk hbờ` Ijkstmkt ĝỉ tậj e`í trỈ m
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Nmtb, ibỎk hbờ` Vrjduit ĝỉ tậj mR4



Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Nmtb, ibỎk hbờ` Yun ĝỉ tậj dẬu iụm iíi bễ sờ, tậj tbỉkb ĝm tbỠi
Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Y`kh ibỎk hbờ` D`spcmy ĝỉ b`ỉk tbỈ trỈ sờ iụm keb`ễn

Trjke tbƶ v`ễk Y`kh ibỎk Yijpl ĝỉ qumk sít e`í trỈ keb`ễn R
BƶỘke dẨk7
 KbẬk d÷p vỉj iíi hbờ` ĝỉ tbmy ĝỜ` e`í trỈ m, o, i, d, l, dẬu bễ sờ
ĖẺn sờ dẬu (+) væ (-) ĝỉ ĝ`ọk væj hbờ` Yun, k` iới pbk ữke vổj v trợ du i
m tbi tblj yỗu iu

?9