De thi dai hoc nam 2015 lan 2 mon hoa hoc cua Nhat Ban

(liter)

L

0◦ C 1.01 × 105 Pa (= 1.00 atm)

(standard state)
(ideal gas)

(molar volume)

22.4 L/mol

R = 8.31 × 103 Pa·L/(K·mol)

(gas constant)
(Avogadro constant)

NA = 6.02 × 1023 /mol

(Faraday constant)

F = 9.65 × 104 C/mol

(atomic weight)

(group)

H 1.0

C 12

N 14

Al 27

Fe 56

O 16

(period)

Na 23

(periodic table)

H

1

(a) (e)

(electron)

(total number)

1
( a ) CO2

a b

(b) HF

a c

( c ) N2

b d

(d) NH3

b e

1

( e ) O2

c d

d e


2

(a) (f)

(atom)

2
(a)

(halogen)

(atomic number)

(b)

(electronegativity)

first ionization energy
(cation)

(c)

noble gas

(d)

(proton)

(e)

2

(f) K

(K shell)

2

8

(valence electron)

(neutron)

L

(L shell)

(isotope)

(electron)

10

a b

a c

b d

b e

c d

c e

d f

e f

2


3

(boron)

14

11.0

B

(relative atomic mass) 10.0
10

10.8

B

11

B

%

3 %
10

20

4

30

(a) (f)

40

80

90

(pure substance)

4
(a)

(brass)

(b)

(hydrochloric acid)

(c)

(gasoline)

(d)

(sodium chloride)

(e)
(f)

a b

a c

b d

b e

c d

c e

d f

e f

3


5

Fe
Fe2O3

(refining)

CO

(coke)

(III)

(reduction)
Fe2O3 + 3 CO
Fe2O3

8.4t

2 Fe + 3 CO2

t

5 t
10

12

14

4

16

18

6

I III
(triple point 6.08 × 102 Pa 0.01◦ C)

6

I

II

III

5


7

(a) (d)

(colloid)

7
(a)

(colloidal particle)

(b)

(hydrophobic colloid)

(c)

(colloidal solution)

(semipermeable membrane)
(electrolyte)

(fluidity)

(coagulation)

(solidification)

(gel)
(III) Fe(OH)3

(d)
a

8

b

a

Na2SO4

c

a

d

b

(insulating container)

c

KCl
b

d

c

d

NaOH 20g

980g
◦

5.2 C

(heat of dissolution)

kJ/mol
(specific heat capacity (specific heat))

4.2J/(g·K)

8 kJ/mol
11

22

44

6

66

88


9

(a) (f)

0.01mol/L

pH

9
(a)

Ca(OH)2aq
(COOH)2aq

(b)
(c)

KOHaq

(d)

HClaq

(e)

H2SO4aq

(f)

NH3aq

a b

10

a e

b d

c e

KOHaq

(platinum electrode)
current)

965

c f

(electrolysis)

(cathode)

d f

1.00A

(electric

(anode)

mL

10

mL

mL

56.0

56.0

112

56.0

112

112

112

224

224

112

224

224

7


11

Cu

dil.HNO3
(i) (ii)

11

i
i
ii
i
ii
ii
)

(reddish brown)

8


12

A

B

(ion)

(precipitate)

C

12
A

B

Ag+

HClaq

Cu2+

NaOHaq

(white)
(bluish white)

Fe3+

(greenish white)

Pb2+

K2CrO4aq

(yellow)

(basic)
H2S

Zn2+

13

C

S

(chemical reactlon)

(reduction)

13
Na2SO3 + H2SO4
FeS + H2SO4
SO3 + H2O

FeSO4 + H2S
H2SO4

I2 + SO2 + 2 H2O
2 H2S + SO2

Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2

2 HI + H2SO4
2 H2O + 3 S

9

14

14
NaFaq
NaClaq

Cl2

F2

Br2

NaIaq

I2

Mg
Cu

15

H2

dil.H2SO4

Al

(electrolysis)
Al3+ + 3 e–

Al

15

(oxidation)
(anode)
(oxidation number)
3.0mol

3
1.0mol

10

(electron)


16

(structural formula) CH3

X

X

A

(organic

A

compound)

16
X

A

OH

(oxidation)

CHO

(acetaldehyde)

(iodoform reaction)

COOH

(silver mirror test)

OCH3

(dehydration reaction)

(alkene)

(phenol)

17

(nitrobenzene)

(reagent)
82%

(reduction)

(aniline)

18.6g

g

17 g
20

25

30

35

11

40

45

18

(a) (e)

(ethanol)

(phenol)

18
(a)

Na

(b)

(acetic anhydride)

(c)

(oxidation)

(ester)
(aldehyde)

(d)

(acidity)

(e)

19

H2

(III)

FeCl3aq

(purple)

a b

a d

a e

b c

b d

c d

c e

d e

(polymer compound)

(bond)

19

(polyethylene)

(nylon)

(polystyrene)

(raw rubber (natural rubber))

(cellulose)

C

C

C

N

C

O

C

C

C

O

12


20

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

20
DNA

RNA
(cytosine)

(base)
(thymine)

(adenine)

4
2

DNA
DNA

2

(double strand)
(nucleoside)

(guanine)

RNA

1

(polymerization)

13

(hydrogen bond)
(singlestrand)