De thi dai hoc nam 2016 lan 1 mon hoc hoc cua Nhat Ban

(liter)

L

0◦ C 1.01 × 105 Pa (= 1.00 atm)

(standard state)
(ideal gas)

(molar volume)

22.4 L/mol

R = 8.31 × 103 Pa·L/(K·mol)

(gas constant)
(Avogadro constant)

NA = 6.02 × 1023 /mol

(Faraday constant)

F = 9.65 × 104 C/mol

(atomic weight)

H 1.0
(group)

C 12

(period)

H

1

O 16

S 32
(periodic table)


1

(electron)

(total number)

1
NH3
Ne

HCl

CH4

H2O

2

(polarity)

2

HCl

(linear)

H2S
CO2
NH3
CCl4

(bent)
(trigonal pyramidal)
(tetrahedral)

2


3

M

MO 1.0g

MSO4

2.0g

3
48

4

64

M

80

(density)d

96

(metal crystal)

112

2cm

(cube)
NA

4
8dNA
M

5

dNA
8M

8dM NA

(mass percent concentration)38%

d
8M NA

8dM
NA

dil.H2SO4

mol/L
(density)

1.29g/cm3

5 mol/L
0.49

2.9

3.8

3

5.0

6.8


6

(chemical reaction)(a) (d)
Lowry theory)

(Bronsted-

(acid)

6
CH3COO– + H3O+

( a ) CH3COOH + H2O
(b) 2 Na + 2 H2O
( c ) NH3 + H2O

2 Na+ + 2 OH– + H2
NH4+ + OH–

(d) CO32– + H2O–
a b

7

HCO3– + OH–
a c

27◦ C 1.0 × 105 Pa

a d

b c

b d

127◦ C

2.0L

c d

2.0 × 105 Pa

L

7 L
0.21

0.38

0.75

1.3

4

2.7

4.7


8

C6H12O6

14.4g

100g

(freezing point)

◦

C

(molar depression of
freezing point)

1.85K·kg/mol

8
−1.48

−1.29

9

H2 1.00mol

−0.148

−0.0169

Cl2 1.00mol

◦

C

−0.0148

HCl
H2 Cl2 HCl

kJ
(bond energy)

436kJ/mol 243kJ/mol 432kJ/m

9 kJ
56

94

136

185

5

226

380


10

(graphite electrode) C
O2

(anode)

(cathode)

(electrolysis)
H2

10

dil.HCl
dil.H2SO4
KI aq
NaCl aq

6

11

5.0mL

0.10mol/L

(II)

Pb(CH3COO)2aq

dil.H2SO4

0.050mol/L
V

(white precipitate)

mL

n mol

11

7


12

A B C

(a) (c)

A B C

12
(a)

A

(b)

B

(c)

C

(platinum wire)

(reddish purpie)

AgNO3 aq

Ca(OH)2 aq

(complete combustion)

A

B

C

K

Cl

C

K

I

C

K

Cl

H

Na

I

H

Na

Cl

H

Na

I

C

(white precipitate)

8


13

(a) (f)

(acidic oxide)

13
( a ) Al2O3

(b) CaO

a b

( c ) CO2

a c

14

(d) K2O

( e ) MgO

c f

d e

b d

Ca

a

( f ) P4O10
e f

d

(chemical formula)

14
a

(room temperature)
(earth’s crust)

c

CO2

a

)

(limestone)

(alkali metal)

d

b

c

d

H2

CaCO3

Ca(OH)2

O2

CaO

Ca(OH)2

O2

CaCO3

Ca(HCO3)2

O2

CaO

Ca(HCO3)2

H2

CaCO3

Ca(HCO3)2

H2

CaO

Ca(OH)2
(alkaline earth metal)

9

b
c


15

2

(metal ion)

H2S

(acidic)

(sulfide)

(precipitate)

15
Ag+ Pb2+
2+

Fe

16

Na

Al3+ Ba2+

+

+

K

(a) (e)

Zn

Ca2+ Cu2+

2+

O

(double bond)

16
(a)

(acetic acid)

(b)

(acetone)

(c)

(dimethyl ether)

(d)

(ethene(ethylene))

(e)

(vinyl chloride)
a b

a d

b c

b d

10

c e

d e


17

(molecular formula) C6H14

(structural isomer)

17

1

18

1.0g

2

3

C17H31COOH (

4

5

(molecular weight)280)

C17H35COOH

H2

6

(hydrogenation)
mL

18 mL
50

80

100

11

160

200


19

(benzene sulfonic acid)

(phenyl acetate)

(reagent) A B

19
O
SO3 H

ONa

A

B

CO2

(CH3)2CO

CO2

(CH3CO)2O

HCl

(CH3)2CO

HCl

CH3OH

NaOH

(CH3CO)2O

O C CH3

OH
A, H2 O

NaOH
(fusion)

12

B

20

20
(polyethylene)
polymerizatlon)

(

)(ethene(ethylene))

(polymer)
(poly(ethylene terephthalate))

66 (6,6-

(condensation

)(nylon6,6)

(starch)

(ether bond)

(fructose)

(protein)

(amide bond)

(amino acid)
(raw rubber(natural rubber))

(cross-linked structure)

13

(dehydration condensation)
(addition polymerization)
(sulfur)