Tài liệu CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide - Fourth Edition doc

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CCNA:
Cisco Certified
Network Associate
Study Guide
Fourth Edition

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CCNA :
™

Cisco Certied
Network Associate
Study Guide
Fourth Edition

Todd Lammle

San Francisco ã London
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Associate Publisher: Neil Edde
Acquisitions Editor: Maureen Adams
Developmental Editor: Jeff Kellum
Production Editor: Elizabeth Campbell
Technical Editors: Toby Skandier, Craig Vazquez
Copyeditor: Suzanne Goraj
Compositor: Happenstance Type-O-Rama
Graphic Illustrator: Happenstance Type-O-Rama
CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert
CD Technician: Kevin Ly
Proofreaders: Emily Hsuan, Laurie O’Connell, Nancy Riddiough
Indexer: Lynnzee Elze
Book Designer: Bill Gibson
Cover Designer: Archer Design
Cover Photographer: Andrew Ward/Life File
Copyright © 2004 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No
part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but
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Second edition copyright © 2000 SYBEX, Inc.
Third edition copyright © 2002 SYBEX, Inc.

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ISBN: 0-7821-4311-3
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To Our Valued Readers:
Thank you for looking to Sybex for your CCNA exam prep needs. Computer Reseller News
recently ranked the CCNA #3 in its list of the "10 Hot Certifications for 2003," and it’s no
wonder. While the CCNA is positioned as a first-tier internetworking certification, Cisco has
gone to great lengths to ensure that the exam accurately validates practical knowledge and
skills that companies are seeking today.
Sybex is proud to have helped hundreds of thousands of CCNA candidates prepare for their
exams over the years. It has always been Sybex’s mission to teach individuals how to utilize
technologies in the real world, not to simply feed them answers to test questions. Just as Cisco
is committed to establishing measurable standards for certifying internetworking professionals, Sybex is committed to providing those professionals with the means of acquiring the skills
and knowledge they need to meet those standards.
The author, editors, and technical reviewers have worked hard to ensure that this Study Guide
is comprehensive, in-depth, and pedagogically sound. We’re confident that this book, along
with the collection of cutting-edge software study tools included on the CD, will meet and
exceed the demanding standards of the certification marketplace and help you, the CCNA
certification exam candidate, succeed in your endeavors.
Good luck in pursuit of your CCNA certification!

Neil Edde
Associate Publisher—Certification
Sybex, Inc.

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Acknowledgments
For trying to keep my path straight and focused, I need to thank Neil Edde, Maureen Adams
and Jeff Kellum. This is no easy task for task for you and I applaud your patience and dedication
to our vision.
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pages you are reading. Suzanne Goraj’s trained eye weeded out any grammar and spelling problems; Thanks Suzanne! Thanks also go to Craig Vazquez who gave the book its final technical
once-over, and gave us his thumbs-up!

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Contents at a Glance
Introduction

xxi

Assessment Test

xxxv

Chapter 1

Internetworking

1

Chapter 2

Internet Protocols

Chapter 3

IP Subnetting and Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)

101

Chapter 4

Introduction to the Cisco IOS

145

Chapter 5

IP Routing

205

Chapter 6

Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

263

Chapter 7

Layer 2 Switching

309

Chapter 8

Virtual LANs (VLANs)

347

Chapter 9

Managing a Cisco Internetwork

389

Chapter 10

Managing Traffic with Access Lists

441

Chapter 11

Wide Area Networking Protocols

475

Appendix A

Commands in This Study Guide

535

55

Glossary

547

Index

607

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Table of Contents
Introduction

xxi

Assessment Test
Chapter

1

xxxv
Internetworking
Internetworking Basics
Internetworking Models
The Layered Approach
Advantages of Reference Models
The OSI Reference Model
The Application Layer
The Presentation Layer
The Session Layer
The Transport Layer
The Network Layer
The Data Link Layer
The Physical Layer
Ethernet Networking
Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet
Ethernet at the Data Link Layer
Ethernet at the Physical Layer
Ethernet Cabling
Straight-Through Cable
Crossover Cable
Rolled Cable
Wireless Networking
Data Encapsulation
The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model
The Core Layer
The Distribution Layer

The Access Layer
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Written Lab 1
Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions
Written Lab 1.2: Defining the OSI Layers and Devices
Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and Broadcast
Domains
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions

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xii

Table of Contents

Answers to Written Lab 1
Answers to Written Lab 1.1
Answer to Written Lab 1.2
Answers to Written Lab 1.3
Chapter

2

53
53
54
54

Internet Protocols

55

TCP/IP and the DoD Model
The Process/Application Layer Protocols
The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols
The Internet Layer Protocols
Binary to Decimal and Hexadecimal Conversion
IP Addressing
IP Terminology
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme
Private IP Addresses
Broadcast Addresses
Introduction to Network Address Translation (NAT)
Summary
Exam Essentials

Key Terms
Written Lab 2
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 2
Chapter

3

IP Subnetting and Variable Length
Subnet Masks (VLSM)
Subnetting Basics
How to Create Subnets
Subnet Masks
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Subnetting Class C Addresses
The Binary Method: Subnetting a Class C Address
The Fast Way: Subnetting a Class C Address
Subnetting Class B Addresses
Subnetting Class A Addresses
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs)
VLSM Design
Implementing VLSM Networks
Troubleshooting IP Addressing
Determining IP Address Problems
Summary
Exam Essentials

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Table of Contents

Key Terms
Written Lab 3
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 3
Chapter

4

Introduction to the Cisco IOS
The Cisco Router User Interface
Cisco Router IOS
Connecting to a Cisco Router
Bringing Up a Router
Setup Mode
Command-Line Interface

Logging into the Router
Overview of Router Modes
CLI Prompts
Editing and Help Features
Gathering Basic Routing Information
Setting Passwords
Encrypting Your Passwords
Banners
Router Interfaces
Hostnames
Descriptions
Viewing and Saving Configurations
Verifying Your Configuration
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 4
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 4.1: Logging into a Router
Hands-on Lab 4.2: Using the Help and Editing Features
Hands-on Lab 4.3: Saving a Router Configuration
Hands-on Lab 4.4: Setting Your Passwords
Hands-on Lab 4.5: Setting the Hostname,
Descriptions, IP Address, and Clock Rate
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab

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xiv

Table of Contents

Chapter

5

IP Routing
Routing Basics
The IP Routing Process
IP Routing in a Larger Network

Configuring IP Routing in Our Network
Static Routing
Default Routing
Dynamic Routing
Routing Protocol Basics
Administrative Distances
Routing Protocols
Distance-Vector Routing Protocols
Routing Loops
Maximum Hop Count
Split Horizon
Route Poisoning
Holddowns
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
RIP Timers
Configuring RIP Routing
Verifying the RIP Routing Tables
Holding Down RIP Propagations
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
IGRP Timers
Configuring IGRP Routing
Verifying the IGRP Routing Tables
Verifying Your Configurations
The show protocols Command
The show ip protocols Command
The debug ip rip Command
The debug ip igrp Command
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms

Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 5
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 5.1: Creating Static Routes
Hands-on Lab 5.2: Dynamic Routing with RIP
Hands-on Lab 5.3: Dynamic Routing with IGRP
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 5

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Table of Contents

Chapter

6

Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) and Open Shortest
Path First (OSPF)
EIGRP Features and Operation
Protocol-Dependent Modules
Neighbor Discovery
Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Using EIGRP to Support Large Networks
Multiple AS
VLSM Support and Summarization
Route Discovery and Maintenance
Configuring EIGRP
Lab_A
Lab_B
Lab_C
Verifying EIGRP
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics
OSPF Terminology
SPF Tree Calculation
Configuring OSPF
Enabling OSPF
Configuring OSPF Areas
Verifying OSPF Configuration

The show ip ospf Command
The show ip ospf database Command
The show ip ospf interface Command
The show ip ospf neighbor Command
The show ip protocols Command
OSPF and Loopback Interfaces
Configuring Loopback Interfaces
Verifying Loopbacks and RIDs
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 6
Hands-On Labs
Lab 6.1: Configuring and Verifying EIGRP
Lab 6.2: Enabling the OSPF Process
Lab 6.3: Configuring OSPF Neighbors
Lab 6.4: Verifying OSPF Operation
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 6

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Table of Contents

Chapter

7

Layer 2 Switching

309

Before Layer 2 Switching
Switching Services
Limitations of Layer 2 Switching

Bridging vs. LAN Switching
Three Switch Functions at Layer 2
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Spanning Tree Terms
Spanning Tree Operations
Spanning Tree Example
LAN Switch Types
Cut-Through (Real Time)
FragmentFree (Modified Cut-Through)
Store-and-Forward
Configuring the Catalyst 1900 and 2950 Switches
1900 and 2950 Switch Startup
Setting the Passwords
Setting the Hostname
Setting IP Information
Configuring Interface Descriptions
Erasing the Switch Configuration
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 7
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 7.1: Switch Basic Administrative
Configurations
Hands-on Lab 7.2: Verifying the Switch Configurations
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 7
Chapter

8

Virtual LANs (VLANs)
VLAN Basics
Broadcast Control
Security
Flexibility and Scalability
VLAN Memberships
Static VLANs
Dynamic VLANs

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Table of Contents

Identifying VLANs
Frame Tagging
VLAN Identification Methods
Inter-Switch Link (ISL) Protocol
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
VTP Modes of Operation
VTP Pruning
Routing between VLANs
Configuring VLANs
Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs
Configuring Trunk Ports
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing
Configuring VTP
Configuring Switching in Our Sample Internetwork
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 8
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 8
Chapter

9

Managing a Cisco Internetwork
The Internal Components of a Cisco Router
The Router Boot Sequence

Managing Configuration Registers
Understanding the Configuration Register Bits
Checking the Current Configuration Register Value
Changing the Configuration Register
Recovering Passwords
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS
Verifying Flash Memory
Backing Up the Cisco IOS
Restoring or Upgrading the Cisco Router IOS
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration
Backing Up the Cisco Router Configuration
Restoring the Cisco Router Configuration
Erasing the Configuration
Using Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Getting CDP Timers and Holdtime Information
Gathering Neighbor Information
Gathering Interface Traffic Information
Gathering Port and Interface Information

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xviii

Table of Contents

Using Telnet
Telnetting into Multiple Devices Simultaneously
Checking Telnet Connections
Checking Telnet Users
Closing Telnet Sessions
Resolving Hostnames
Building a Host Table
Using DNS to Resolve Names
Checking Network Connectivity
Using the ping Command
Using the traceroute Command
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms

Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 9
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 9.1: Backing Up Your Router IOS
Hands-on Lab 9.2: Upgrading or Restoring Your
Router IOS
Hands-on Lab 9.3: Backing Up the Router
Configuration
Hands-on Lab 9.4: Using the Cisco Discovery
Protocol (CDP)
Hands-on Lab 9.5: Using Telnet
Hands-on Lab 9.6: Resolving Hostnames
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 9
Chapter

10

Managing Traffic with Access Lists
Introduction to Access Lists
Standard Access Lists
Wildcard Masking
Standard Access List Example
Controlling VTY (Telnet) Access
Extended Access Lists
Extended Access List Example
Named Access Lists
Monitoring Access Lists
Summary

Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter

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Table of Contents

Written Lab 10
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 10.1: Standard IP Access Lists
Hands-on Lab 10.2: Extended IP Access Lists
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 10
Chapter

11

Wide Area Networking Protocols
Introduction to Wide Area Networks
Defining WAN Terms
WAN Connection Types
WAN Support
Cabling the Wide Area Network
Serial Transmission
Data Terminal Equipment and Data
Communication Equipment
Fixed and Modular Interfaces
High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Link Control Protocol (LCP) Configuration Options
PPP Session Establishment
PPP Authentication Methods
Configuring PPP on Cisco Routers
Configuring PPP Authentication
Verifying PPP Encapsulation
Frame Relay
Introduction to Frame Relay Technology
Frame Relay Implementation and Monitoring
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
ISDN Connections
ISDN Components
Basic Rate Interface (BRI)

Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
ISDN with Cisco Routers
Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR)
Configuring DDR
Optional Commands
DDR with Access Lists
Verifying the ISDN Operation
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter

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Table of Contents

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Written Lab 11
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 11.1: Configuring PPP Encapsulation
and Authentication
Hands-on Lab 11.2: Configuring and
Monitoring HDLC
Hands-on Lab 11.3: Configuring Frame Relay
and Subinterfaces
Hands-on Lab 11.4: Configuring ISDN and
BRI Interfaces
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 11
Appendix A

Commands in This Study Guide

Glossary
Index

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Introduction
Welcome to the exciting world of Cisco certification! You have picked up this book because you
want something better—namely, a better job with more satisfaction. Rest assured that you have
made a good decision. Cisco certification can help you get your first networking job, or more
money and a promotion if you are already in the field.
Cisco certification can also improve your understanding of the internetworking of more than
just Cisco products: You will develop a complete understanding of networking and how different network topologies work together to form a network. This is beneficial to every networking
job and is the reason Cisco certification is in such high demand, even at companies with few
Cisco devices.
Cisco is the king of routing and switching, the Microsoft of the internetworking world. The
Cisco certifications reach beyond the popular certifications, such as the MCSE and CNE, to
provide you with an indispensable factor in understanding today’s network—insight into the

Cisco world of internetworking. By deciding that you want to become Cisco certified, you are
saying that you want to be the best—the best at routing and the best at switching. This book will
lead you in that direction.

Cisco—A Brief History
Many readers may already be familiar with Cisco and what they do. However, those of you who
are new to the field, just coming in fresh from your MCSE, and those of you who maybe have
10 or more years in the field but wish to brush up on the new technology may appreciate a little
background on Cisco.
In the early 1980s, Len and Sandy Bosack, a married couple who worked in different computer departments at Stanford University, were having trouble getting their individual systems
to communicate (like many married people). So in their living room they created a gateway
server that made it easier for their disparate computers in two different departments to communicate using the IP protocol. In 1984, they founded cisco Systems (notice the small c) with
a small commercial gateway server product that changed networking forever. Some people
think the name was intended to be San Francisco Systems but the paper got ripped on the way
to the incorporation lawyers—who knows? In 1992, the company name was changed to Cisco
Systems, Inc.
The first product the company marketed was called the Advanced Gateway Server (AGS).
Then came the Mid-Range Gateway Server (MGS), the Compact Gateway Server (CGS), the Integrated Gateway Server (IGS), and the AGS+. Cisco calls these “the old alphabet soup products.”
In 1993, Cisco came out with the amazing 4000 router and then created the even more amazing
7000, 2000, and 3000 series routers. These are still around and evolving (almost daily, it seems).
Cisco has since become an unrivaled worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Its networking solutions can easily connect users who work from diverse devices on disparate networks.
Cisco products make it simple for people to access and transfer information without regard to differences in time, place, or platform.

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In the big picture, Cisco provides end-to-end networking solutions that customers can use to
build an efficient, unified information infrastructure of their own or to connect to someone
else’s. This is an important piece in the Internet/networking–industry puzzle because a common
architecture that delivers consistent network services to all users is now a functional imperative.
Because Cisco Systems offers such a broad range of networking and Internet services and capabilities, users who need to regularly access their local network or the Internet can do so unhindered, making Cisco’s wares indispensable.
Cisco answers this need with a wide range of hardware products that form information networks using the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software. This software provides
network services, paving the way for networked technical support and professional services to
maintain and optimize all network operations.
Along with the Cisco IOS, one of the services Cisco created to help support the vast amount
of hardware it has engineered is the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) program,
which was designed specifically to equip people to effectively manage the vast quantity of
installed Cisco networks. The business plan is simple: If you want to sell more Cisco equipment
and have more Cisco networks installed, ensure that the networks you install run properly.
Clearly, having a fabulous product line isn’t all it takes to guarantee the huge success that
Cisco enjoys—lots of companies with great products are now defunct. If you have complicated
products designed to solve complicated problems, you need knowledgeable people who are fully
capable of installing, managing, and troubleshooting them. That part isn’t easy, so Cisco began
the CCIE program to equip people to support these complicated networks. This program,
known colloquially as the Doctorate of Networking, has also been very successful, primarily
due to its extreme difficulty. Cisco continuously monitors the program, changing it as it sees fit,
to make sure that it remains pertinent and accurately reflects the demands of today’s internetworking business environments.
Building upon the highly successful CCIE program, Cisco Career Certifications permit you
to become certified at various levels of technical proficiency, spanning the disciplines of network design and support. So, whether you’re beginning a career, changing careers, securing
your present position, or seeking to refine and promote your position, this is the book for you!

Cisco’s Network Support Certifications

Initially, to secure the coveted CCIE, you took only one test and then you were faced with the
(extremely difficult) lab, an all-or-nothing approach that made it tough to succeed. In response,
Cisco created a series of new certifications to help you get the coveted CCIE, as well as aid prospective employers in measuring skill levels. With these new certifications, which make for a
better approach to preparing for that almighty lab, Cisco opened doors that few were allowed
through before. So, what are these stepping-stone certifications and how do they help you get
your CCIE?

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
The CCNA certification was the first in the new line of Cisco certifications, and was the precursor
to all current Cisco certifications. Now, you can become a Cisco Certified Network Associate for
the meager cost of this book, plus $125 for the test. And you don’t have to stop there—you can
choose to continue with your studies and achieve a higher certification, called the Cisco Certified

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Network Professional (CCNP). Someone with a CCNP has all the skills and knowledge he or she
needs to attempt the CCIE lab. However, because no textbook can take the place of practical
experience, we’ll discuss what else you need to be ready for the CCIE lab shortly.

Why Become a CCNA?
Cisco, not unlike Microsoft or Novell, has created the certification process to give administrators a set of skills and to equip prospective employers with a way to measure skills or match certain criteria. Becoming a CCNA can be the initial step of a successful journey toward a new,

highly rewarding, and sustainable career.
The CCNA program was created to provide a solid introduction not only to the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) and Cisco hardware, but also to internetworking in general,
making it helpful to you in areas that are not exclusively Cisco’s. At this point in the certification
process, it’s not unrealistic to imagine that future network managers—even those without Cisco
equipment—could easily require Cisco certifications for their job applicants.
If you make it through the CCNA and are still interested in Cisco and internetworking,
you’re headed down a path to certain success.

What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCNA?
To meet the CCNA certification skill level, you must be able to understand or do the following:
Install, configure, and operate simple-routed LAN, routed WAN, and switched LAN and
LANE networks.
Understand and be able to configure IP, IGRP, serial interfaces, Frame Relay, IP RIP,
VLANs, Ethernet, and access lists.
Install and/or configure a network.
Optimize WAN through Internet-access solutions that reduce bandwidth and WAN costs,
using features such as filtering with access lists, bandwidth on demand (BOD), and dial-ondemand routing (DDR).

How Do You Become a CCNA?
The way to become a CCNA is to pass one little test (CCNA exam 640-801). Then—poof!—
you’re a CCNA. (Don’t you wish it were that easy?) True, it’s just one test, but you still have
to possess enough knowledge to understand what the test writers are saying (and to read
between the lines—trust me).
However, Cisco has announced a two-step process that you can take in order to become a
CCNA that may be easier then taking one longer exam. These tests are:
Exam 640-811: Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices (ICND)
Exam 640-821: Introduction to Cisco Networking Technologies (INTRO)

You spend more money if you take these two exams instead of the 640-801 exam,
but it may be easier to break up the exam into two smaller exams. That’s a personal choice. Understand that this book is designed to prepare you to pass the 640801 exam, although it will likely help you pass both 640-811 and 640-821 as well.

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Introduction

I can’t stress this enough—it’s critical that you have some hands-on experience with Cisco
routers. If you can get hold of some 2500 routers, you’re set. But if you can’t, we’ve worked
hard to provide hundreds of configuration examples throughout this book to help network
administrators (or people who want to become network administrators) learn what they need
to know to pass the CCNA exam.
One way to get the hands-on router experience you’ll need in the real world is to attend one
of the seminars offered by GlobalNet Training Solutions, Inc., which is owned and run by
myself. The seminars are 5 days and 11 days long and will teach you everything you need to
become a CCNA (or even a CCNP and CCSP). Each student gets hands-on experience by configuring at least three routers and two switches. See www.globalnettraining.com for more
information.

For hands-on training with Todd Lammle, please see www.globalnettraining.com.

Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)
So you’re thinking, “Great, what do I do after I get my CCNA?” Well, if you want to become
a CCIE in Routing and Switching (the most popular certification), understand that there’s more
than one path to that much-coveted CCIE certification. The first way is to continue studying
and become a Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP), which means four more tests in

addition to the CCNA certification.
The CCNP program will prepare you to understand and comprehensively tackle the internetworking issues of today and beyond—and it is not limited to the Cisco world. You will
undergo an immense metamorphosis, vastly increasing your knowledge and skills through the
process of obtaining these certifications.
While you don’t need to be a CCNP or even a CCNA to take the CCIE lab, it’s extremely
helpful if you already have these certifications.

What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCNP?
Cisco demands a certain level of proficiency for its CCNP certification. In addition to mastering
the skills required for the CCNA, you should be able to do the following:
Install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot complex routed LAN, routed WAN, and
switched LAN networks, along with dial-access services.
Understand complex networks, such as IP, IGRP, IPX, async routing, AppleTalk, extended
access lists, IP RIP, route redistribution, IPX RIP, route summarization, OSPF, VLSM, BGP,
serial, IGRP, Frame Relay, ISDN, ISL, X.25, DDR, PSTN, PPP, VLANs, Ethernet, ATM
LAN emulation, access lists, 802.10, FDDI, and transparent and translational bridging.
Install and/or configure a network to increase bandwidth, attain quicker network response
times, and improve reliability and quality of service.
Maximize performance through campus LANs, routed WANs, and remote access.

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Improve network security.
Create a global intranet.
Provide access security to campus switches and routers.
Provide increased switching and routing bandwidth—end-to-end resiliency services.
Provide custom queuing and routed priority services.

How Do You Become a CCNP?
After becoming a CCNA, the four exams you must take to get your CCNP are as follows:

At the time of this printing Sybex is working on a full complement of CCNP
Study Guides for the new exams. Look for them in the bookstores in late 2003.
Visit www.sybex.com for more information.

Exam 642-801: Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) This exam continues to build
on the fundamentals learned in the CCNA course. It focuses on large multiprotocol internetworks and how to manage them with access lists, queuing, tunneling, route distribution, route
maps, BGP, EIGRP, OSPF, and route summarization.
Exam 642-811: Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN) This exam tests
your knowledge of the Cisco Catalyst switches.
Exam 642-821: Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN) This exam determines
whether you really understand how to install, configure, monitor, and troubleshoot Cisco ISDN
and dial-up-access products. You must understand PPP, ISDN, Frame Relay, and authentication.
Exam 642-831: Cisco Internet Troubleshooting (CIT) This exam tests you extensively on the
Cisco troubleshooting skills needed for Ethernet and Token Ring LANs, IP, IPX, and AppleTalk
networks, as well as ISDN, PPP, and Frame Relay networks.

www.routersim.com has a complete Cisco router simulator for all CCNP exams.

And if you hate tests, you can take fewer of them by signing up for the CCNA exam and the
BCRAN and the CIT exams, and then taking just one more long exam called the Composite exam

(642-891). Doing this also gives you your CCNP, but beware—it’s a really long test that fuses all
the material from the BSCI and BCMSN exams into one exam and costs $187.50. Good luck!

Remember that test objectives and tests can change at any time without notice.
Always check the Cisco website for the most up-to-date information.

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