Tài liệu Mr.Neighborly''''s Humble little ruby book doc

M R . N E I G H B O R L Y ' S
HUMBLE LITTLE
RUBY BOOK

M R . N E I G H B O R L Y ' S
HUMBLE LITTLE
RUBY BOOK
Jeremy McAnally
All content ©2006 Jeremy McAnally. All Right Reserved.
That means don't copy it.
For my wife, friends, and family,
thank you for the support and food.
Mostly the food.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
0
What'chu talkin' 'bout, Mister? 4
What Is Ruby Anyhow? 4
Installing Ruby 6
Windows 6 · Mac OS X 6 · Linux 7
Let's try her out! 8
1
Welcome to Ruby 10
Basic Concepts of Ruby 10
Types in Ruby 11
Strings 11 · Numbers 13
Collections 14
The Range 15 · The Array 16 · The Hash 20
Variables and the Like 23

2
Break it down now! 27
Methods 27
Defining Methods 28 · Using Methods 30
Blocks and Proc Objects 31
Block Basics 31 · Procs and Blocks 33 · Building Blocks 35
Your objects lack class! 36
Defining Classes 37 · Methods and Variables 38 · Attributes 40 ·
Access Control 41 ·
Class Scoped Objects 42
Modules 44
Creating Modules 44
Files 46
3
Hustle and flow (control) 48
Conditionals 48
The if statement 48 · The case Statement 51
Loops 53
Conditional Loops 53 · Iterating Loops and Blocks 54 · Statement
Modifiers 55 · Controlling Loops 56
Exceptions 58
Handling Exceptions 58 · Raising Exceptions 61 · My Own Exception
62 · Throw and Catch 62
4
The System Beneath 64
Filesystem Interaction 64
Writing to a file 66 · More file operations 67
Threads and Forks and Processes, Oh My! 68
Ruby thread basics 68 · Controlling threads 70 · Getting information
from threads 71 · Processes, the other way to do stuff 72

For the Environment! 73
Environment variables and the like 73 · The command line and you 73 ·
Ruby and its little corner of your computer 74
Win32 and Beyond 75
API 75 · The Registry 77 · OLE Automation 79
5
Looking Beyond Home 83
Networking and the Web 83
Socket Programming 83 · HTTP Networking 86 Other Network
Services 92 · Web Services 95
It's Like Distributed or Something 96
Data my base, please! 98
6
It's a Library! 101
String Manipulation 101
Instance Methods 101 · Regular Expressions 104
Date/Time 106
Dates 106 · Times 107 · Dates and Times 109
Hashing and Cryptography 109
Hashing 109 · Cryptography 110
Unit testing 111
Appendix A Links and the Like 116
Appendix B High Performance Ruby with C/C++ 118

A Note
In the following book, I will be using Ruby 1.8.5 to test all the Ruby
code. Each example can be copied and pasted directly into irb/fxri
and it should work famously. I have done so with each one to make
sure they run.
Each time I am showing output from irb, you will see a → character

followed by the output. Any method or variable name or
code/system related text is typeset in this font for easy discernment
from other text.
Any time I have found it necessary to differentiate a class object
from an instance object, I have erred on the side of standard
notation and went with the form of Class#Object (even though it's
very ugly and is not what the rest of the civilized world uses).