PHÂN BIỆT HIỆN tại HOÀN THÀNH và QUÁ KHỨ đơn

Past simple

2.Present perfect
Công thức
Thể khẳng định:
S + have/ has + PP + O
Thể phủ định:
S + have/ has + not + PP + O
Thể nghi vấn:
Have/ has + S + PP + O
*Lưu ý:
Dùng “has” khi chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ ba số ít: He,
She, It………
Dùng “have” cho các ngôi số nhiều: We, They…
E.g.
● I have seen my dog
I haven’t seen my dog
Have you seen your dog?
● She has written to me recently
She hasn’t written to me recently
Has she written to you recently?

Công thức
* Đối với đặc biệt Tobe:

Was / Were

* Đối với Động từ thường (Verb):
- Positive:
+ Với động từ hợp quy tắc ( Regular verbs):

S + V-ed + …..

+ Với động từ bất quy tắc (Irregular verbs):

S + V2 + …..
Lưu ý 1 :
V-ed : Động từ thêm « ed »
V2
: Động từ ở cột thứ 2 trong bảng Đợng
từ bất quy tắc. (Học tḥc lịng)

- Negative:

S + did

+ not + V(inf) + …

Ex1 : I did not work hard.
Ex2 : We did not see Peter.

- Interrogative :

Did (not) +

Cách dùng:
● Hành động đã xảy ra ở quá khứ không xác
định thời điểm
E.g.
I have read that book
→ “Tôi đã đọc cuốn sách đó”. Hành động đọc

sách đã xảy ra nhưng trong câu không có một
trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian nào.

● Hành động đã xảy ra lặp lại nhiều lần trong
QK và cịn có thể tiếp tục o HT &TL
She has studied this story twice
→ “Cô ấy đã đọc câu truyện này hai lần”
● Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và tiếp tục
xảy ra ở hiện tạivà tương lai

S + V(inf) + …?

Ex1 : Did you work hard ?
Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.
Cách dùng:
1/ Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt tại
một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.
Thường dùng với các phó từ hoặc các cụm từ như:
- yesterday ( morning / afternoon /
evening)
- last ( Monday / week / month / year /
night / summer…)
- ago ( 2 days ago, a year ago, 15 minutes
ago …)
- in + khoảng tgian qkhứ ( in 1985 )
- once : trước kia, xưa kia, đã có một
thời ( đứng trước động từ chính hoặc cuối câu)
- once upon a time : ngày xửa ngày xưa
Ex :
- There was a bank robbery in central London last

week.
2/ Diễn tả một hành động hoàn toàn thuộc về quá


*Lưu ý:
Trong cách dùng này, thì hiện tại hoàn thành
thường đi kèm với giới từ “Since” va “For”.
+ “Since” + điểm thời gian(1999, 2000, last
year………)
E.g.: I have lived here since 2002
→ “Tôi đã sống ở đây từ năm 2002”, và tôi đang
sông ở đây trong hiện tai và tiếp tục sống ở đây
trong tương lai
***Các trạng từ dùng kèm thì hiện tại hoàn
thành:
+ Since, ever, never, for, just
+ Ready, lately, recently, already (dùng trong
câu khẳng định, sau have / has hoặc dùng cuối
câu)
+ Yet (dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc câu hỏi
Yes/No)
+ So far , up to now, up to the present , since
then ...
+ In recent years, this month, for / during the
last few years ..
***Một số lưu ý trong cách dùng trạng từ thì
hiện tại hoàn thành:
“Already” được dùng trong câu khẳng định,
đứng sau “have/ has” hoặc cuối câu
E.g.: We have already written our reports

E.g.: I have read the entire book already
“Already” diễn tả điều gì đã hoàn thành sớm
hơn mình nghĩ
E.g.: I have already mailed your letter

khứ , tách rời với hiện tại (dù không nêu một thời
điểm nhất định).
Ex : - The Chinese invented priting. (Người Trung
Quốc đã phát minh ra việc in ấn)
Do vậy, thì này được dùng trong văn sử ký, thuật
truyện hoặc kể về các sự cố trong quá khứ.

“Just” được dùng trong câu khẳng định, đứng
sau “have/ has”, diễn tả điều gì vừa mới xảy ra
E.g.: I have just had lunch
“Yet” được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn,
đứng cuối câu
E.g.: John hasn’t decided what to do yet

- Interrogative:
Did + S + use to + V(inf)
+ …?
* Cách dùng:
Diễn tả một thói quen, lề lối sinh hoạt hay những tình
huống đã hiện hữu / đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và đã
chấm dứt trong quá khứ, khơng cịn liên hệ gì đến hiện
tại.

*Mệnh đề: This is the first time…/ This is the
second time…

E.g.: This is the first time he has driven a car
*Từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời điểm bao gồm cả hiện
tại: today, this week, this month…
Ex: I have smoked 10 cigarettes today (Có thể
tôi sẽ hút thêm nữa cho đến khi ngày hôm nay
chấm dứt)

3/ Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra đồng thời với một
hành động khác trong quá khứ
Ex : She left the room as I entered it.
4/ Diễn tả những hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau
trong quá khứ.
Ex : He parked a car, got out of it, closed all the
windows, locked the doors and then walked into the
house.
( Anh ấy đỗ xe, bước ra ngoài, đóng tất cả cửa sổ,
khoá cửa chính và sau đó đi vào nhà.
5/ Mượn “did + V(inf)” vào câu khẳng địnhđể nhấn
mạnh :
Ex: She did seehim in the street the other day. (Cô ta
đã thấy anh ta trên đường phố vào ngày hôm kia mà)
6/ Used to / 'ju:s tə: / , cuối câu phát âm là / 'ju:s
tu: /
* Hình thức:
- Positive:
S + used to + V(inf) +…
- Negative:

S + didn’t + use to + V(inf) + ….

Ex1: - I used to live in London. ( Tôi đã từng sống ở
Luân Đôn)


- Phát bài tập cho HS,yêu cầu làm trong 20 phút và chữa bài.
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in bracket into the past simple or the present perfect
1. I ___haven’t play___ (not/play) tennis since I was at school but I __was___ (be)
very good at it back then.
2. A: __Have____ you _______chosen_ (choose) a dress for the party yet?
B: Yes, I ___bought___ (buy) one yesterday.
3. I think our teacher ___has forgotten___ (forget) about the test! He didn’t say
(not/ say) anything about it in the last season!
4. A: _____Have you sold_______ (you/ sell) your house yet?
B: Yes, some people ___saw____ (see) it last month and ________ (buy) it.
5. They __________ (lose) their cat. It ___________ (run) away last week.
6. __________ Helen ever __________ (try) sushi?
7. __________ you __________ (go) to the wedding last night?
8. I __________ never __________ (be) to Paris
9. This year I __________ (travel) to Athens 3 times so far.
10. Paul and Judith __________ (be) married since 1998.
11. __________ you __________ (finish) your homework yet?
12. Last night aunt Betty __________ (come) by. She __________ (tell) us that
this summer they are going to Hawaii.
13. I __________ (visit) many different countries so far. Last summer I
__________ (go) to Italy and 3 years ago I __________ (be) in Spain. I
__________ (not/ visit) Germany yet.
14. When __________ you __________ (come) to Greece?
15. I __________ (come) in 2007.

16. __________ you __________ (watch) the film E.T. yesterday?
17. They __________ already __________ (leave) the train station
18. How long __________ you __________ (know) Jonathan?
19. I __________ (meet) him in 2009, so I __________ (know) him for 3 years
20. What __________ (happen) to Lucy last night?
21. __________ you __________ (read) “Harry Potter” when you were on
holidays?
Exercise 2: Fill in the gaps with “yet, ago, ever, last night, for or since”
1. My father went to Italy five days ______.
2. He has known her _______ 2001.
3. Have you _________ seen an elephant?
4. She hasn’t finished her work ________.
5. He has lived in Madrid _______ ten years.


6. We went to bed at 11 o’clock ________.
Exercise 3: Circle the correct item
1. Has Jack gone to school then/ yet?
2. Tonia has sent twenty invitations yesterday/ so far.
3. Tina took a test already/ three days ago.
4. I sent you an email two days already/ ago but you haven’t replied.
5. Helen has already/ yet had her breakfast.
Exercise 4: Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present
perfect
1.A: __________ (you/ ever/ meet) anyone famous?
B: Yes, last summer I __________ (sit) next to Brad Pit on a plane to LA.
2.A: How long ago __________ (you/ start) painting?
B: Ten years ago. I __________(recently/ complete) a painting that the National
Gallery __________ (ask) me to do a year ago.
3. A: Last night, I __________(see) the latest James Bond film.

B: Oh, I__________(already/ see) it twice.
4. A: Do you know that Mrs Janet __________(work) here for sixteen years?
B: I thought she__________(start) working here ten years ago.
5. I (invite) __________them to my birthday party yesterday, however, they (not
come) _________.
6. My brother (begin) __________ looking for a job in January.
7. Timson (make) __________13 films and I think her latest is the best.
8. She (be) ____________ extremely quiet since her husband died.
9. Jane (leave)____________ just a few minutes ago.
Exercise 5. Fill in the present perfect simple or the past simple.
1) She has lived (live) in seven different countries, so she knows a lot about
different cultures.
2) I went (go) to the cinema last night.
3) Ow! I have cut (cut) my finger!
4) Have you seen (you/see) 'The King's Speech'?
5) John have never understood (never/understand) the present perfect.
6) She broke (break) her leg the day before her exam.
7) We saw (see) Oliver yesterday.
8) He has been (be) here all morning.
9) King Henry the Eighth of England had (have) six wives.
10) Last night I lost (lose) my keys - I had to call my flatmate to let me in.
11) I have lost (lose) my keys - can you help me look for them?
12) I have visited (visit) Paris three times.
13) Last year I visit (visit) Paris.


14) I knew (know) my great grandmother for a few years - she died when I was
eight.
15) I have known (know) Julie for three years - we still meet once a month.
16) I have played (play) Hockey since I was a child - I'm pretty good!

17) She played (play) hockey at school but she didn't like it.
18) Sorry, I have missed (miss) the bus - I'm going to be late.
19) I missed (miss) the bus and then I missed (miss) the aeroplane as well!
20) Last month I went (go) to Scotland
Bài tập thực hành ôn thi
PRACTICE TEST 1
Read the passage carefully and then choose the item A, B, C or D that best answers
the question about the passage:
The nuclear family, consisting of a mother, father and their children, may be more
an American ideal than an American reality. Of course, the so-called traditional American
family was always more varied than we has been led to believe, reflecting the very
different racial, ethnic, class and religious customs among different American groups.
The most recent government statistics reveal that only about one third of all
current American
Families fit the traditional mold and another third consists of married couples who either
have no children or have none still living at home. Of the final one third, about 20 percent
of the total number of American households are single people, usually women over sixty
– five years of age. A small percentage, about 3 percent of the total, consist of unmarried
people who choose to live together; and the rest, about 7 percent are single, usually
divorced parents, with at least one child. Today, these varied family types are typical, and
therefore, normal. Apparently, many Americans are achieving supportive relationship in
family forms other than the traditional one.
1. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?
A. The traditional American family
B. The nuclear family
C. The current American family
D. The ideal family
2. The writer implies that ______________ .
A. there have always been a wide variety of family arrangement in the United
Sates.

B. racial, ethnic, and religions groups have preserved the traditional family
structure.
C. the ideal American family is the best structure.
D. fewer married couples are having children.
3. The word “ current” in line 5 could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. typical
B. present
C. perfect
D. traditional
4. According to the passage, married couples whose children have grown or who
have no children represent ______________ .


A. 1/3 percent of households
B. 20 percent of households
C. 7 percent of households
D. 3 percent of households
5. Who generally constitutes a one – person household?
A. A single man in his twenties
B. An elderly man
C. A single woman in her late sixties
D. A divorced woman.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the following sentences
6. My mother works _______a nurse in a big hospital. She examines the patients.
A. for
B. at
C. in
D. as
7. My family is the base from which we can go into the world with _______.

A. confide
B. confidence
C. confident
D. confiding
8. My mother is a _______woman. She does all the household chores to make us
more comfortable.
A. caring
B. careless
C. harmful
D. boring
9. In my family, both my parents _______to give us a nice house and a happy home.
A. join hands
B. get out
C. shake hands
D. deal with
10. Mark enjoys having fun by causing trouble. He’s very _______ boy
A. stubborn
B. spoiled
C. mischievous
D. bright
11. After a day of hard work, Dad was feeling very __________ and tired.
A. stressed
B. stress
C. stressing
D. stressful
12. My father ________ to the Golf Club for the past 25 years.
A. was belonging
B. has belonged
C. has been belonged D. has
belonging

13. He ________ for twenty years before he retired last year.
A. had been teaching
B. has taught
C. was teaching
D. has been teaching
14. After I __________ from college, I __________ as a teacher.
A. had graduated / work
B. had graduated / worked
C. graduated / worked
D. graduate /
work
15. I am so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her ________ last year.
A. for
B. on
C. since
D. later
16. My sister __________ trouble with her motorbike now, so she has to take the bus
to work.
A. have
B. was having
C. is having
D. had
17. She went to the market without ___________ anything.
A. buy
B. buying
C. asking
D. to be asked
18. _________ any letters from him lately?
A. Do you receive B. Have you received C. Are you receiving D. Had you
received

19. “What’s on television tonight?” – “_______”
A. It’s very interesting
B. I’d like to go
to the cinema


C. We should buy a new TV set
D. A documentary at 9.30
20. “Would you like a cup of tea?” _ “ _________”
A. Yes, I do
B. Yes, please
C. I’m sorry
D. It’s my
pleasure
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word which is
stressed differently from therest.
21. A. ‘hospital
B. mischievous
C. Sup’portive
D. suitable
22. A. After’noon
B. Whe’never
C. O’bedient
D. So’lution
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose
underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following
questions
23. A. neighbors
B. friends
C. relatives

D. photographs
24. A. shift
B. mischievous
C. confident
D. biologist
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the following questions
25. When you got back, he _______.
A. will leave London for New York.
B. has left London for New York.
C. had already left London for New York. D. leaves London for New York.
26. While I was working in the garden, _______.
A. my son played video games.
B. my wife has cleaned the house.
C. my son was playing video games.
D. my wife had been cleaning the
house.
27. When he was driving to work, he stopped _________.
A. to get some petrol
B. so to get some petrol
C. getting some petrol
D. for getting some petrol
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that
needs correction
28. She is looking forward to see her grandparents again soon.
A
B
C
D
=> to seeing

29. During the school year, I’m not allowed to watch television when I’ve finished my
homework.
A
B
C
D
=> until
30. Jack is living in Spain now. His Spanish had improved greatly since he moved there
A
B
C
D
=>has improved