Chính sách hợp tác quốc tế về khoa học, công nghệ và đổi mới sáng tạo kinh nghiệm quốc tế và hàm ý cho việt nam TT TIENG ANH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

SUMMARY OF PH.D. THESIS

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION POLICY IN SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION: INTERNATIOAL
EXPERIENCE AND IMPLICATION FOR VIETNAM

Major: International Economics
Code: 9.31.01.06

DOAN VAN HA

Hanoi, 2022


THE THESIS IS COMPLETED
AT FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof.Dr. ĐỖ HƯƠNG LAN

Reviwer 1:
Reviewer 2:
Reviewer 3:

The thesis will be defended in front of the University level Council of
Thesis Assessment at
…………………………………………………………………………
at hour.....date....month.....year.....

The thesis can be found at:

-

The National Library

-

Library of Foreign Trade University


PREAMBLE
1. The urgency of the theme
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) report on competitiveness showed that trade in manufacturing
sector is pushed by technology. Countries can improve their
competitiveness

through

many

forms,

of

which

international

cooperation in science, technology and innovation is one of the
important one. As a result, many countries, especially the scientifically

developing and scientifically lagging countries take STI cooperation as
a solution to improve the countries’ economic performance
Vietnam has made progress to improve the national science
level thanks to many STI integration and cooperation activities have
been implemented in recent years, however, the result of research and
STI application in production is not as good as expected with small
number in terms of medium and hi-tech export, labor productivity
growth rate, published scientific papers, patent registration etc.
Additionally, the international context has changed drastically with the
4.0 revolution, the emergence of de-globalizing trend and protectionism.
This requires complete and systematic study on international
cooperation in science, technology and innovation in general and the
policy on STI international cooperation in particular in order to identify
the issues relating to the development and implementation, as well as a
theoretical and practical basis for the strategy, plan and policy of the
next period. Therefore, a study of “International cooperation policy in
science, technology and innovation: international experience and
implications for Vietnam” is necessary to analyze the policy
implementation and propose some solutions to improve the result of
international cooperation in STI and the competiveness of the economy
in the coming time.

1


2. Objective of the research, research question, and task of the study
Objective of the research The objective of this thesis is to
understand the components of international cooperation on STI policy,
identifying relevant policy areas in STI international cooperation policy
and propose policy suggestion for Viet Nam to improve the

competitiveness in the context of Forth Industrial Revolution and Viet
Nam’s vision to 2035.
Study question:
1. What is science, technology and innovation in the Vietnamese
concept?
2. What is the policy on international cooperation in science, technology
and innovation?
3. What is the current situation of Vietnam's international cooperation
policy in science, technology and innovation?
4. How does the policy of international cooperation in science,
technology and innovation affect the economy's competitiveness and
innovation?
Study tasks
Systematize theoretical issues about international cooperation policy on
science, technology and innovation
- Researching, synthesizing and analyzing international cooperation
policies on science, technology and innovation of some countries around
the world to point out measures to ensure the implementation of this
policy.
- Proposing viewpoints on policies on international cooperation in
science, technology and innovation, and suggest implications for
Vietnam in the coming time.
3. Subject and scope of study
3.1. Subject of the study: the policy on international cooperation in
Science, technology and innovation
2


3.2. Study Scope:
- timing: the thesis focus on the period from 2010-2020

- content: The thesis focuses on studying the elements of the policy of
international cooperation in science, technology and Innovation.
- Space: the thesis study countries and territories including European
Union, the German Federation, the Russian Federation, Malaysia, China
and Vietnam for some reasons. Firstly, in terms of scientific
development, German Federation and the Russian Federation are
scientifically advanced countries. China is scientifically proficient
country, and Malaysia was classified scientifically lagging country.
From economic development perspective, Germany has long been a
high-income developed country. China and the Russian Federation are
among five major emerging economies BRICS and defined as upper
middle-income and Malaysia recently joined this group.
4. Research method
4.1. Methodology
The thesis is conducted on the basis of applying the principles
of dialectical materialism, historical materialism. The author considers
the research problem in the specific economic - cultural - political
context. This methodology helps to ensure the consistency, objectivity
and science of the research, making the results obtained have high
reliability and practical significance.
4.2 Research method
Comparative method: this method is used to compare the
practice of a country's international cooperation policy on Science,
Technology and Innovation in order to draw lessons for Viet Nam.
Methods

of

data

analysis

and

synthesis:

comparison,

forecasting, quantitative analysis. Through these methods, the author
compares and assesses the main situation of the studied countries to
offer solutions for Vietnam with a vision to 2035.
3


To find out the influence of international cooperation policies
on science, technology and innovation on the competitiveness and
innovation of the economy, the thesis uses least squares estimation
method (OLS) and mixed effects regression.
4.3 Data collecting resources
Secondary data collected and analyzed are published such as
Innovation Index, Economic Competitiveness Index, etc. and reports of
international organizations such as World Bank (WB), World Economic
Forum (WEF) etc. national governments research and other references.
5. Những đóng góp mới của luận án
The thesis has systematized and contributed to clarify more
theoretical issues on science, technology and innovation and policy on
international cooperation in science, technology and innovation. Second,
the thesis has reviewed the overview of international cooperation in
science, technology and innovation, from which to study the policy of
international cooperation in science, technology and innovation. Third,

the thesis focuses on examining the content of international cooperation
policies on science, technology and innovation; policy organization and
its influence on the competitiveness of the economy. Fourthly, thesis
studied the experience of organizing policies for international
cooperation in science, technology and innovation of some countries
and territories, which is the prerequisites for international cooperation in
science, technology and innovation.
After rigorous study, the thesis proposed solutions to help the
Vietnamese government improve the activities of international
cooperation in science, technology and innovation, which result to the
improvement of economy’s competitiveness. The thesis hopes to fill the
research gap. The research is also a reliable reference for those who are
interested in international cooperation in science, technology and
innovation.
4


6. Thesis structure
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, and appendices,
the thesis is structured into four chapters:
Chapter 1: Research overview on the topic
Chapter 2: Relevant theoretical basis of policy on international
cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation
Chapter 3: Experience in formulating and implementing policies on
international cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation of
some countries and lessons for Vietnam
Chapter 4: Solutions to improve Vietnam's international cooperation
policy on Science, Technology and Innovation on the basis of applying
international experience.
CHAPTER1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE

THESIS’S TOPIC
1.1 Research situation in Vietnam
1.2. Research situation over the world
1.3 Research gaps
From the analysis and synthesis of domestic and international
research works related to international cooperation in science,
technology and innovation, the thesis made some conclusions as below:
Firstly, domestic research related to international cooperation in
science and technology are often carried out with the goal of helping
Vietnam's science and technology to integrate with world science and
technology. Secondly, foreign studies have developed an approach to
international cooperation in S&T and innovation and highlighted
policies related to international cooperation on S&T. However,
international studies turn eyes on high scientific and technological level
countries and study one or a few aspects and subjects of international
cooperation such as between companies, between scientists or across
specific fields of research. Thirdly, a limited number of works mention
5


international cooperation policy on S&T and innovation in the stage of
catch-up technology of a country with the aim of increasing
competitiveness like Vietnam. Therefore, it is not suitable theoretical
and practical base for the planning and implementation of policies on
international cooperation in science, technology and innovation in
Vietnam.
Therefore, the thesis’s research gap is to clarify the theoretical
and practical basis of international cooperation policies on international
cooperation in Science, technology and innovation in the context of
scientifically lagging country, the objectives, principles, groups of

policies affecting the implementation of international cooperation in
science, technology and innovation. The thesis also proposes
suggestions for policies on international cooperation in science,
technology

and

innovation

to

increase

strengthen

Vietnam's

competitiveness and innovation in the international context of drastic
changes.
CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS RELATED TO POLICY
OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN STI
2.1. International cooperation in science, technology and innovation
2.1.1. Science, technology and innovation as a solid term
Science can be defined as the systematic study of the physical
or material world (natural science) and of society (social science) that
leads to the generation or creation of, knowledge from which data and
information are drawn. (ESCAP, 2016). This definition emphasizes the
study and discovery of new knowledge in the world around.
- Technology has different definitions but all definitions have
common elements. In short, “technology is the application of scientific

knowledge to develop techniques to produce a product and deliver a
service” (ESCAP, 2015). This view of ESCAP is different from
previous views that hold that technology is used in material production
6


and that the definition of ESCAP is considered a turning point when it
comes to expanding to all areas of social activity.
- “Innovation is the multi-stage process whereby organizations
transform ideas into new/improved products, service or processes, in
order to advance, compete and differentiate themselves successfully in
their marketplace” (Baregheh et al., 2009). Scientific and technological
knowledge through innovation activities will better serve production and
life; on the contrary, innovation activities motivate researchers, scholars
and scientists to have a newer, more objective and better exploratory
view to further deepen research into achieving new results and
achievements. This relationship has led to the simultaneous use of the
two terms "science, technology" and "innovation" as a unified process
and requires synchronization in the development process as well as in
the development process. The process of planning and implementing
relevant policies. Synthesizing from concepts in the world, it is possible
to understand “Science, technology and innovation (STI) the process of
capturing and creating knowledge related to nature and society, to apply
such knowledge to improve or develop products, processes and
production methods to improve the quality and efficiency of economic
activities”.
2.1.2. Concept and classification of international cooperation in
science, technology and innovation
2.1.2.1. Definition
Through

the

research,

the

thesis

conceptualizes

that

“international cooperation in science, technology and innovation is all
activities of international cooperation actors within a country with
partners outside the country related to science, technology and
innovation to achieve set goals”.
2.1.2.2. Classification of international cooperation in STI
- Formal vs. informal
7


- scientific and technological development level: Technological developed
countries-SAC, technological proficient countries-SPC, technological
developing countries-SDC, technolotical lagging countries-SLC.
2.1.2.3. Theories on international cooperation in science, technology
and innovation
2.2. International cooperation policy in science, technology and
innovation
2.2.1 Concept of international cooperation policy on international

cooperation in STI
“the policy on international cooperation in STI can be understood as a
set of measures of the promulgating subject on issues related to
international cooperation in the field of science, technology and
innovation in order to ensure that these activities are carried out
effectively for the common goal of the nation's socio-economic
development.
2.2.2 Characteristics of international cooperation policy in STI
International cooperation on STI has a number of characteristics
including (1) nature because it comes from the need and the inevitable
connection between scientists as well as the nature of scientific
knowledge; (2) competitive due to the need for market development,
competition between countries and businesses (3) spillover benefits
because international cooperation in science, technology and innovation
opens up many opportunities for businesses. parties, whether developing
or developed, and (4) synergistic with international diplomacy.
Therefore, the policy of international cooperation in science, technology
and innovation is a policy of interference between the fields of
economy, foreign affairs, and science, technology and innovation of the
country.
2.2.3 Objectives of the policy

8


The international cooperation policy in STIis a public policy to
promote international cooperation in science, technology and innovation
to achieve the set goals. Unlike other fields, international cooperation in
STI has greater independence in the use of external resources, so
international cooperation and network activities are the main factors

promoting international cooperation economics of science, technology
and innovation (Nill et al., 2007) and vary between developed and
developing countries.
The common goal of international cooperation policies on science,
technology and innovation of countries is to promote and protect the
interests of the country, its organizations and individuals abroad, as well as
contribute to the development of economic relations for economic
development. The goals of foreign policy may be different and change from
time to time, in the context of international and domestic developments.
The objectives of the policy may vary from time to time in corresponding
international and domestic developments.
2.2.3 Subject of policy
These are organizations that hold the power to formulate, plan
and implement policy. These actors can be: (i) local government; (ii)
government; or (iii) intergovernmental. The thesis focuses on policy
which the government is responsible for planning and implementation.
2.2.4. Affected objects of the policy
2.2.5. Organizing and implementing policy
The goal of the policy becomes a reality only when the policy is
organized and implemented. The organization and implementation of
the policy is a sufficient and decisive condition to bring the policy to life
and to have a successful policy. Therefore, there are necessary
conditions for the successful implementation of the policy (Dung et al.,
2018). A particular science and technology international cooperation
policy is one that has much to do with science, the background
9


knowledge for a successful international cooperation policy on science,
technology and innovation, it is necessary to have necessary conditions

for policy implementations which consists of:
2.2.5.1. Human resource development and science, technology and
innovation infrastructure
High-quality

science

and

technology

human

resources

demonstrate their willingness to receive all cooperation and exchange of
new knowledge, technologies and skills from other countries. This is
also a factor to ensure the success of international cooperation activities
on science, technology and innovation.
The infrastructure of science, technology and innovation in each
country is different because the level of socio-economic development
and knowledge of science, technology and innovation of each country is
different. That will limit the process of international cooperation in this
field if countries have large disparities in infrastructure. Developed
countries will tend to increase cooperation and sharing infrastructure
with each other instead of between a developed country and a
developing country. Developing countries, if they want to use the
infrastructure of developed countries, are more likely to have to tradeoff on terms that are economically or politically favorable to the
developed countries in the relationship.
2.2.5.2 Attracting investment to STI

These are financial policies with direct pass-through mechanisms that
are popularly used by countries due to the policy's multi-objective
nature. In the event that investment capital can be directed to developed
S&T industries, it can also help raise the level of S&T and innovation of
the country. Popular policies include: Reforming capital financing
structure for activities, financial incentives, and fiscal incentives.
2.2.5.3. Protection of intellectual property rights

10


Assigning ownership rights to knowledge assets creates incentives for
knowledge creation and promotes commercial exchange. It can also help
protect the interests of companies and organizations of the host country
in ensuring that they are compensated fairly in their S&T partnerships
with foreign institutions.
2.3. Factors affecting international cooperation policy on science,
technology and innovation
2.3.1 International factors
- Globalization trend:
- Scientific and technological achievements of the 4th technological
revolution
2.3.2 National factors
-- national development orientation
- the level of science, technology and innovation capacity of the country
- capacity and readiness of human resources for science, technology and
innovation
- the legal framework and the general institutional system of the country
2.4 Criteria to reflect the results of international cooperation
policies on science, technology and innovation

The share of hi-tech exports in the total value of a country's
exports: (Hi-tech export): This index is used to measure the depth of
international cooperation in STI.
+ Share of FDI to GDP: This index gives us information about
the development of infrastructure and innovation capacity of countries
Share of FDI to GDP: This index gives us information about the
development of infrastructure and innovation capacity of countries.
+ Global competitiveness index (GCI) is a composite index
included in the annual report of the World Economic Forum (WEF).
The World Economic Forum also uses this index to rank the
competitiveness of the assessed countries, helping to show an overview
11


and comprehensive picture of the strengths and weaknesses of the
economies. from which stakeholders can identify opportunities and
challenges when participating in the international market.
+Global Innovation Index (GII): this is a composite index
consisting of many different component indexes first developed by
INSEAD Business School (France) in 2007. Then organized by World
Intellectual Property Rights (WIPO) and Cornell University (USA)
joined to develop a more appropriate methodology and assessment
model. In the assessment of WIPO, innovation is understood in a broad
sense, not only innovation based on research and development but also
innovation that is not based on research and development but also
covers the whole world. innovation in organizations, markets, etc.
Accordingly, the GII is a composite index including: (i) the composite
index of innovation inputs; (ii) the composite output index on
innovation; and (iii) the composite index of innovation.
The relationship between GCI and GII and the implementation

of policies on international cooperation in science, technology and
innovation is simply described as follows
𝐺𝐶𝐼
{
} = 𝑓(𝐶á𝑐𝑐ℎỉ𝑠ố𝑘ế𝑡𝑞𝑢ả𝑐ℎí𝑛ℎ𝑠á𝑐ℎℎợ𝑝𝑡á𝑐𝑞𝑢ố𝑐𝑡ế𝑣ề𝑆𝑇𝐼)
𝐺𝐼𝐼

(1)

𝐶á𝑐𝑐ℎỉ𝑠ố𝐾𝑄𝐶𝑆ℎợ𝑝𝑡á𝑐𝑞𝑢ố𝑐𝑡ế𝑣ề𝑆𝑇𝐼 = 𝑔(𝑐á𝑐𝑛ℎâ𝑛𝑡ốả𝑛ℎℎưở𝑛𝑔)(2)
{

𝐺𝐶𝐼
(3)
} = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑐á𝑐𝑛ℎâ𝑛𝑡ốả𝑛ℎℎưở𝑛𝑔))
𝐺𝐼𝐼
where f(CácchỉsốkếtquảchínhsáchhợptácquốctếvềSTI)

is

a

function of the variables showing the results of international cooperation
policies on STIs and g(influential factors) is a function of factors
affecting the results of cooperation policy implementation. International
science, technology and innovation. Equation (1) describes the
relationship between objectives and results of policy implementation of
international cooperation in science, technology and innovation;
12

equation (2) describes the relationship between results and factors
affecting the implementation of policies on international cooperation in
science, technology and innovation; Equation (3) shows the indirect
relationship between the goals and the influencing factors of the policy
implementation process of international cooperation in science,
technology and innovation.
CHAPTER

3:

EXPERIENCE

IN

PLANNING

AND

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
POLICY IN STI OF SOME COUNTRIES AND LESSONS FOR
VIETNAM
3.1 Experience of China
3.1.1 China's policy goals
3.1.2. Policy subjects
3.1.3. The cooperation field of China
3.1.4.

Organize

international

cooperation policy

on science,

technology and innovation
3.1.4.1. Human resource development and science, technology and
innovation infrastructure
3.1.4.2. Financial support to attract foreign investment in science,
technology and innovation
China in encouraging FDI in economic sector development and
technology transfer allows foreign companies to access the Chinese
market in exchange for transferring technology to domestic enterprises
or setting up centers R&D and provide many support policies such as:
income from technology transfer developed by foreign companies will
be deducted from sales tax, companies with R&D centers in China will
be allowed to import and sell try out high-tech products in the domestic
market if the products are the result of R&D research by the parent
company. In addition to the national tax programs, China has identified
two specific incentive programs to focus focuses on promoting
13


innovation for domestic and foreign businesses, New and high-tech
enterprise status The High and New Technology Enterprise (HNTE)
program offers a 15% reduced tax rate for companies that qualify
conditions for applying for and receiving HNTE status, regardless of the
type of company investment and the location t corporate headquarters.
3.1.4.3. Protecting intellectual property

3.2. Experience of the Russian Federation
3.2.1. Russian's policy goals
3.2.2. Policy subjects
3.2.3. The cooperation field of Russia
3.2.4.

Organize

international

cooperation policy

on science,

technology and innovation
3.2.4.1. Human resource development and science, technology and
innovation infrastructure
3.2.4.2. Financial support to attract foreign investment in science,
technology and innovation
The Russian Federation provides tax support/reduction of most taxes for
businesses operating in the Special Economic Area
3.2.4.3. Protecting intellectual property
3.3. Experience of the Malaysia
3.3.1. Malysia's policy goals
3.3.2. Policy subjects
3.3.3. The cooperation field of Malaysia
3.3.4.

Organize

international

cooperation policy

on science,

technology and innovation
3.2.4.1. Human resource development and science, technology and
innovation infrastructure
3.2.4.2. Financial support to attract foreign investment in science,
technology and innovation

14


Malaysia is considered a foreign investment friendly country. Malaysia
also uses financial and fiscal instruments. Malaysia has provided
incentives such as tax exemption for up to 10 years for foreign
investments with pioneer status, reinvestment allowance, investment tax
subsidy and special deductions for training in one year
3.2.4.3. Protecting intellectual property
3.4. Experience of Germany
3.4.1. German's policy goals
3.4.2. Policy subjects
3.4.3. The cooperation field of Germany
3.4.4.

Organize

international

cooperation policy

on science,

technology and innovation
3.4.4.1. Human resource development and science, technology and
innovation infrastructure
Germany focuses on attracting both high-quality workers,
international students as well as researchers in science, technology and
innovation, especially in new fields such as issuing German Green Cards,
providing free tuition for all students, including students from outside the
EU, STEM programs, Visas looking for work. Germany also does not
require international students to have a job the day after their graduation,
but allows them to stay in Germany for 18 months to look for work and
possibly work in a position unrelated to their field of study.
Germany is home to some global research infrastructure.
Research infrastructure is also developed in international collaborative
partnerships. International partners contribute to the financing of such
infrastructure. The Federal Government provides the bulk of funding for
large-scale devices in basic research with an annual budget of more than
1.3 billion Euros. Recently, a national roadmap process was introduced
in 2015 to decide on future research infrastructures. The new National
Roadmap for Research Infrastructure is also intended to facilitate policy
15


decisions on which European and international research infrastructure
projects Germany should participate.
3.4.4.2. Financial support to attract foreign investment in science,

technology and innovation
Germany offers no tax incentives except in very limited circumstances,
often not directly related to business, but provides a great deal of
financial support for R&D related activities because of research and
development. is considered as one of the development areas of the
economy. However, in 2019, Germany had a change when it passed the
Research Act (Forschungszulagengesetz). This is a Federal grant,
whereby a subsidy of 25% tax free and up to a maximum of 500,000
EUR/year in salaries and wages for certain R&D purposes.
3.4.4.3. Protecting intellectual property
3.5. Experience of the European Union
3.5.1. EU’s policy goals
3.5.2. Policy subjects
3.5.3. The cooperation field of EU
3.5.4.

Organize

international

cooperation policy

on science,

technology and innovation
3.5.4.1. Human resource development and science, technology and
innovation infrastructure
3.5.4.2. Financial support to attract foreign investment in science,
technology and innovation
The European Union does not have a common policy to attract

investment in R&D, which depends on each country. These supports are
mostly financial support such as taxes.
3.5.4.3. Protecting intellectual property
3.6. Resuts
Russia and China have made many efforts to change the ranking
of global innovation (CII). In the case of Malaysia, the country's global
16


innovation ranking has barely changed over this period. Some European
countries have reached the level of innovation, while some countries
have made efforts, the result does not show signigicant improvement.
The share of hi-end export in the total export value of China,
Russia and Malaysia is higher than that of European countries. China is
a country that plays a role as the world's factory, but the share of exports
of goods with high technology content has hardly changed in the period
2013-2020. Meanwhile, Malaysia has increased. the proportion of this
item, even the proportion of exports of goods with high technology
content of these countries accounts for a relatively large proportion. For
developed countries, there is a tendency to narrow or keep the
proportion of exports of high-tech goods to foreign countries.
The share of hi-end import among the countries in the sample
reflects the difference in the goals of implementing policies for international
cooperation in science, technology and innovation. All countries need to
improve their connectivity in science, technology and innovation.
3.7. Lessons
After studying and summarizing lessons learned from countries
and territories such as the European Union, the Russian Federation, the
German Federation, China and Malaysia, the thesis finds the policy of
international cooperation on S&T and innovation of different countries

are very different in the planning and implementation process because
these countries and territories have different levels of economic and
scientific and technological development, and their position on the map
of world power. gender. However, countries and territories also have
one thing in common:
- Determine the goals of international cooperation in science,
technology and innovation in accordance with the national capacity and
level of scientific, technological and innovation development. Due to
the different levels and levels of the territory, the objectives of the
17


policy are different, but the target system is established based on the
following factors: (i) the socio-economic development goals of the
countries and territories; this land at different times; (ii) build on the
scientific, technological and innovative capacities of these countries;
(iii) characteristics of human resources and ability to participate in the
international playground of science, technology and international
innovation; (iv) these countries, excluding Malaysia, have all
determined to occupy the top position in the fields of international
cooperation in science, technology and innovation.
- Identify priority areas in international cooperation on science,
technology and innovation to guide policy. International cooperation in
science, technology and innovation requires prioritization of resources
to carry out collaborative research projects with international partners.
Therefore, countries often choose important industries and fields and
their country has strengths to cooperate with other countries.
- Renovate the national governance system for S&T and
innovation in the direction of international standards.
- Most of the countries have used and enhanced scientific

diplomacy to promote international cooperation in science, technology
and innovation. Science as a tool for diplomacy has been adopted by
many countries such as China and many large countries in the European
Union such as Germany, Great Britain, etc.

18


CHAPTER

4:

SOME

SOLUTIONS

FOR

BETTER

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION POLICY ON SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION OF VIETNAM
4.1. Overview of Vietnam's international cooperation policy on
science, technology and innovation
4.1.1. Overview of international cooperation activities on science,
technology and innovation of Vietnam
4.1.2. Objectives of international cooperation policy on science,
technology and innovation
4.1.3. Cooperation partner
4.1.4. Current situation of implementing and organizing international

cooperation policy on science, technology and innovation
4.1.4.1. Human resource development and science, technology and
innovation infrastructure
4.1.4.2. Financial support to attract foreign investment in science,
technology and innovation
4.1.4.3. Protecting intellectual property
4.2. Results
- International cooperation on science, technology and innovation has a
positive impact on the competitiveness of the economy (CGI_ and the
innovation capacity of the economy (GII). Specifically, the effectiveness
of innovation has a positive impact on national competitiveness (GCI)
and national innovation capacity (CII). Imports of high-tech goods have
a negative impact on these two indicators. It shows that for countries
that have not been able to produce high-tech goods to replace imports, it
may reduce the country's scientific, technological and innovation
capacity. there. The policy implications of this result are also quite
direct as the countries in the sample will have to focus on limiting
imports of high-tech goods from other countries. Countries with a high

19


share of high-tech exports in total national exports will be more likely to
increase their competitiveness and innovation capacity.
- The impact of policy on international cooperation in science,
technology and innovation on GCI varies from country to country.
Under the influence of objective and subjective factors, many countries
are operating policies of international cooperation in science,
technology and innovation that have not yet reflected the full potential
of this policy on competitiveness. picture of your country. China is a

country capable of taking advantage of objective and subjective factors
to promote the effect of the policy of international cooperation in
science, technology and innovation for the increase of the country's
GCI. this family. Vietnam is a developing country, but taking advantage
of the influence of objective and subjective factors of the policy of
international cooperation in science, technology and innovation in
improving GCI is at a low level. medium. That means with the current
policy of Vietnam in this field, Vietnam has taken advantage of many
advantages of the policy of international cooperation in science,
technology and innovation than some other countries in the world.
Europe and Russia.
- The random effects of policy on international cooperation in science,
technology and innovation on GII are also quite different from country
to country. In particular, many European countries have not yet taken
advantage of the potential impacts of factors affecting the relationship
between the implementation of policies on international cooperation in
science, technology and innovation and GII. China is the country with
the highest degree of taking advantage of influencing factors to promote
the relationship between the policy of international cooperation in
science, technology and innovation with GII. Vietnam is a country with
a much higher level of taking advantage of objective and subjective
factors than European countries (including some developed countries
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with high middle income and low income countries). average high
income). Moreover, Vietnam is ahead of Russia and Malaysia when it
has a higher degree of taking advantage of objective and subjective
influencing factors, which is quite far from these two countries.
4.3. Orientation of international cooperation in science, technology

and innovation of Vietnam and some policy suggestions
4.3.1. Trends of international cooperation in science, technology and
innovation in the world
4.3.2. Orientation of international cooperation in science, technology
and innovation of Vietnam
4.3.3. Some policy suggestions for Vietnam
-

Vietnam needs to the change the objective from capital and

technology

acquisition

to

absorbing

and

mastering

advanced

technologies and bringing the group of target countries to implement
cooperation.
-

Vietnam needs to develop and evaluate the priority order of

options for international cooperation in science, technology and
innovation, especially strategic partners by developing criteria for
selecting partners. international cooperation on S&T and innovation on
aspects such as the development of S&T partners, external, economic,
human resources and financial criteria.
- For the field of cooperation, the priority areas for international
cooperation in science, technology and innovation must be concentrated
in the sectors and fields that are not only Vietnam's strengths but also
create the fundamental renewal of science, technology and innovation of
the subjects in the economy.
- Strengthen the training of human resources in S&T and
innovation as well as strengthen the connection between domestic and
international scientific personnel in both the public and private sectors,
and between the research sector and enterprises.
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-

Foreign investment attraction is prioritized to attract high

technology, advanced source technology from abroad so that it can be
deciphered, mastered and integrated in domestic products, while
promoting technology transfer and improving technology. high
efficiency in attracting foreign investment in technology transfer.
- The use of tax to attract investment in S&T and innovation is a
trend that Vietnam should consider using this tool flexibly to avoid
putting pressure on the state budget.
-

attract more funding sources for STI activities, especially in

priority and strong fields of Vietnam through FDI enterprises with high
science and technology content. In addition, capital sources from
enterprises are foreign start-ups, venture capital funds, angel investors
sponsoring innovation activities are also increasing, individuals are
more and more inclined to out increase. Vietnam also needs to mobilize
more from other foreign capital sources such as ODA to S&T-related
projects in Vietnam such as the World Bank's FIRST project or
Vietnam's IPL.
- strengthen intellectual property protection. Completing and
promoting the implementation of preferential policies, supporting
enterprises in exploiting and transferring the right to use intellectual
property, perfecting the law on intellectual property transactions, the
benefit sharing mechanism between groups of subjects involved in
creative results; perfecting a policy of balancing interests in order to
reasonably and satisfactorily handle the relationship between subjects
related to intellectual property such as the owner of the invention and
the community, between the owner of the right to a plant variety,
Manufacturers, traders and farmers...

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CONCLUSION
The thesis "International cooperation policy in science,
technology and innovation: international experience and implications
for Vietnam" was conducted in order to understand the theory of
international cooperation policy on R&D. On that basis, the thesis has
researched, analyzed and given suggestions. Within the scope of its

research, the thesis has carried out the following main contents:
Firstly, on the basis of an overview of domestic and foreign scientific
works related to international cooperation in science, technology and
innovation, the thesis believes that the study of the thesis topic has
scientific significance, especially in terms of practice. because at present
there are few works that analyze the policy of international cooperation
in science, technology and innovation in the period 2010-2020 with a
vision to 2030. The thesis has comprehensively and systematically
studied theoretical issues in science, technology and innovation. The
thesis clearly shows that the concept of science, technology and
innovation should be understood as a unified term and related concepts.
In addition, the thesis also studies the concept, objectives, principles and
ways of organizing international cooperation policies on S&T and
Innovation. Accordingly, the policy of international cooperation on S&T
is a policy related to many fields. areas are economics, science,
technology and innovation, diplomacy. This leads to the fact that there
are countries that have international cooperation policies on S&T and
innovation scattered among many different policies, and there are
countries that offer a unified cooperation policy.
Secondly, the thesis delves into understanding the experience of
implementing international cooperation policies on S&T and innovation
in some countries and territories. Although each country and territory
has different conditions, the implementation The implementation of this
policy is different, but in this research process, the thesis has also drawn
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