Báo cáo khoa học: Vấn đề quản lý chất lượng quá trình dạy học ở các trường đại học ngoại ngữ docx

Khoa
hoc
Gido
due-
Ngh
VAN
DE
QUAN
U
CHAT
LUtfNG
QUA
TRINH
DAY HOC
Of
CAC
TRITONG
DAI HOC
NGOAI
NGUf
•
TUS.
NGUYEN
QUANG
GIAO
Trudng Dai
hoc
Ngoai
ngu
- Dai
hoc Da

Ndng
V
iet
Nam la mot dat nu"6c dang phat then, vi
vay
ngoai
ngCr
la cong cu ho
trd
dac
Idc
giiip
chung ta day nhanh qua
trinh
hpi nhap, hdp tac
de phat then. Dac biet khi
Viet
Nam trd thanh
thanh
vien
chinh thdc cua To chdc thddng mai
the
gidi
(WTO)
thi vai trd cua ngoai ngd tai
Viet
Nam
cang trd nen can thiet, bdi le ngoai ngd la
chiec cau ndi quan trong gida
Viet

Nam va ban
be qudc te. Mat khac, trong sd nghiep cdng
nghiep hda, hien dai hda cua nddc ta hien nay,
viec
di tat, ddn dau de con ngddi
Viet
Nam cd
the vddn len tarn cao tri tue the
gidi
ddi hdi
chung ta phai thdng thao ngoai ngu". Day chinh
la
phddng
tien
hud ich phuc vu cho viec giao
tiep,
trao ddi
kinh
te, van hda, tiep can nhdng
nguon
tri thdc
tinh
hoa cua nhan
loai.
Chinh
vi
vay,
chat Idpng qua
trinh
day hpc

(QTDH)
d cac
cd
sd dao tao ngoai ngd ndi chung, dac biet d
cac trddng dai hpc Ngoai ngd
(DHNN)
ndi rieng
phai
ddpc dam bao, hay ndi
each
khac cac
trddng
DHNN
phai quan li chat Iddng
(QLCL)
QTDH
cua nha trddng.
1.
Quan
li
chat lddng qua
trinh
day hoc
1.1.
Qua
trinh
day hoc
Theo cac tac gia Ha The Ngd, Dang Vu
Hoat
[1],

QTDH
la mot qua
trinh,
trong dd
dddi
tac dung chu dao cua thay hpc sinh td giac
tich
cut
td td chdc, td dieu khien hoat dpng nhan
thdc nham thdc hien tot cac nhiem vu day hpc.
Xet
ve mat hoat dpng, trong
QTDH
dien ra
ddng
thdi
2 hoat dpng
luon
gan bd mat thiet vdi
nhau, ton tai cho nhau va vi nhau, dd la: Hoat
dpng
day va hoat dpng hpc. Trong dd, mdi hoat
dpng
deu bao gdm 2
giai
doan.
-
Ddi
vdi hoat dpng day:
Giai

doan thd nhat
la
giai
doan giang
vien
(GV)
nghien cdu npi dung
giang
day, dac diem sinh
vien
(SV),
phddng
tien
day hpc, Ida chpn cac md
hinh
td chdc Idp hpc
Tddd
GV
quyet
dinh
Ida chpn cac phddng phap
phu
hpp de day tdng ddn vi npi dung;
tien
hanh
xay
ddng ke hoach bai hpc.
Giai
doan thd hai.
GV

len Idp, td chdc day. Thdc chat dd la qua
trinh
phoi
hdp hoat dpng cua
GV
va SV tren Idp.
-
Ddi
vdi
hoat dpng hpc:
Giai
doan thd nhat
SV
phd'i
hdp
vdi
hoat dpng cua
GV
tren
Idp.
Day
la
qua
trinh
SV hoat dpng hpc
dddi
sddieu khien
cua GV.
Giai
doan thd hai, SV td hpc, td

giai
quyet cac bai tap de nam
chac
li thuyet, ren
luyen
ki nang thdc hanh, ghi nhd, td
kiem
tra
bang
each
bieu dat cho ngddi khac hieu dddc.
1.2. Quan
If
chat luong
qua
trinh
day hoc
Trddc
tien,
QLCL
la thuat ngd dddc sd dung
de mieu ta cac phddng phap
hoac
quy
trinh
nham
kiem
tra, danh gia xem cac san pham cd
dam bao cac thong so chat Iddng theo yeu cau,
muc

dich
da
dinh
san khong. Dac trdng cd ban
cua
QLCL
la quan
If
theo chua'n bao gdm 3 hoat
dpng
dddc
tien
hanh ddng
thdi,
lien
tuc: Xac lap
cac muc
tieu
va chua'n mdc, danh gia thdc trang
ddi
chieu vdi chuan, cai
tien
thdc trang theo
chuan.
QLCL
QTDH
khong ddn thuan la quan li
chat Iddng cua
QTDH,
ma dddc hieu la quan li

QTDH
theo tiep can
QLCL.
Khac vdi md
hinh
quan li
QTDH
theo chdc nang dang ap dung
phd
bien trong cac trddng DH d
Viet
Nam hien
nay,
QLCL
QTDH
la mo
hinh
quan li theo cac
chua'n mdc dddc xac
dinh
td trddc thdng qua
viec
thdc hien nghiem
tiic
cac quy
trinh
da ddpc
xay
ddng, ddng
thdi

tien
hanh danh gia thdc
trang
ddi chieu vdi chuan lam cd sd cho cai
tien
thdc trang theo chua'n.
Ap
dung
QLCL
QTDH
dam bao chat Iddng
QTDH
dddc duy
tri,
cai
tien
va hddng den thda
man
nhu cau cua khach hang. Dong
thdi
khac
phuc dddc han che cd hdu cua mo
hinh
quan li
theo chdc nang mang
tinh
hanh chinh, chi huy,
bao cap
sang
md

hinh
quan li chat Iddng theo
cac
tieu
chua'n dddc Idpng hda. Hon nda, quan li
QTDH
theo tiep can
QLCL
giup can bp quan li
(CBQL),
GV, SV thdng qua viec thdc hien cac
quy
trinh
vdi cac chua'n mdc se phat hien ddoc
46
KHGD
so 57, thdng 6 - 2010
nf
T—ft
Nghien
cdu
•Khoa
hoc Gido due
loi
xay ra trong qua
trinh
thdc hien nham dam
bao va nang cao chat luong
QTDH.
Trong

QLCL
QTDH
thi
QTDH
dUdc thiet ke
thanh mot quy
trinh
bao gom viec tuan thu
nghiem
ngat cac bu6c thuc hien vdi cac chuan,
tieu
chi danh gia ddpc xac lap td trddc nham
dam bao chat Iddng
QTDH.
2.
Thuc trang
QLCL
QTDH
d cac trudng
DHNN
hien nay
Oe tim hieu thdc trang
QLCL
QTDH
d cac
trudng
DHNN,
chung toi da
tien
hanh khao sat y

kien
cua 108
CBQL,
GV cua 3 trddng
DHNN
tren
toan qudc
(DHNN
-
OHQG
Ha
Noi,
DHNN
-
OH
Hue,
DHNN
-
OH
Da Nang)
vdi
ket qua khao
sat the hien d Bang 1 nhd sau:
Bang
1:
ThUc trang QLCL QTDH
d cac
trudng DHNN
Cac npi dung danh gia
Ketqua

Cac npi dung danh gia
So lupng Ti
le %
Cac npi dung danh gia
CP
Khong CP
Khong
-
Xac lap chuan 12 96
11,1
88,9
-
Cac thu tuc, quy
trinh
23
85 21,3 78,7
-
Tieu
chi danh gia cac quy
trinh
18 90 16,7 83,3
-
Thuc hien cac thu tuc, quy
trinh
25 83
23,1
76,9
-
Do ludng, thu thap va xd
li

so
lieu
20 88 18,5 81,5
-
Lap ke hoach cai
tien
22 86 20,4
79,6
-
Thdc hien cai
tien
17
91
15,7 84,3
Ket
qua khao sat y
kien
cua
CBQL,
GV
danh gia thdc trang
QLCL
QTDH
d cac trddng
DHNN
d Bang
1
cho thay cac trddng
DHNN
hau

nhd
chua then
khai
cac noi dung
QLCL
QTDH
vdi
ket qua danh gia tren 75% y
kien
khao sat trd
len.
Tren thdc te, cac trddng
DHNN
hien nay
dang ap dung md
hinh
quan li truyen thdng la
quan li dao tao vdi dac trdng la
kiem
soat
chat
Iddng
thong qua ket qua thi (gida
ki,
cudi
ki).
ket
qua hoc tap (hpc
ki,
nam hpc) cua SV va

trien
khai
theo ke hoach cua nam hpc.
Trong
xu the hpi nhap va phat then hien
nay, khi cac qudc gia
tien
tdi viec cong nhan
bang cap cua nhau,
QLCL
QTDH
thdng qua he
thdng
quan li dao tao truyen thdng khong con
phu
hpp bdi
QLCL
von la quan
li
theo chuan va
cac chuan ddpc nha trddng xay ddng dda tren
sd mang, muc
tieu
dao tao cua nha trudng; muc
tieu
cua nganh hpc, mdn hoc va hudng den thda
man
nhu cau cua khach hang, ddng
thdi
cac

chuan dd phai ddpc cdng
khai
vdi
khach hang va
xa
hpi.
Cac trddng dai hpc ndi chung, cac trddng
DHNN
ndi rieng can then
khai
QLCL
QTDH
theo
chuan,
tieu
chi
vdi
cac thu tuc, quy
trinh
cu the.
3.
Giai
phap
QLCL
QTDH
d cac trddng
DHNN
De
quan li
QTDH

theo tiep can
QLCL
cac
trudng
DHNN
can ap dung ddng bp cac
giai
phap sau:
3.1.
Xac lap cac
chuan
muc cua
QTDH
Cac trddng
DHNN
dda tren sd mang, muc
tieu
cua ddn
vi
de xay ddng cac chuan mdc chat
Iddng
can dat ddpc. Cac chuan muc chat lupng
ddng
thdi
the hien nhdng yeu cau, hay ki vpng
ma nha trddng phai phan dau de dat ddpc. Cac
chuan mdc chat Iddng the hien d chuan dau ra
san pham dao tao
cua nha trddng
cung

nhd chuan
can dat dddc khi
SV
hoan thanh
mot
mon hpc dddc
the hien trong de
cddng mdn hpc.
Khi
xac lap
chuan chat
Iddng,
cac trddng
DHNN
can tranh
tinh
trang
giam cac chuan mdc chat Idpng de de dat
dddc
hoac
tuan thu bp
tieu
chuan do cac
chuyen gia xac lap trong dd cd nhieu
tieu
chuan khong
hoac
chda phu hdp vdi sd mang,
muc
tieu,

dieu
kien
thuc hien cua nha trddng.
3.2.
Xay
dung
quy
trinh
day hpc
theo tiep
can
he
thdng
Quy
trinh
la su chuyen hda mang lai gia tri
gia
tang. Quy
trinh
trong
QLCL
chinh
la cac budc
thuc hien theo
trinh
tudoi
vdi
tdng npi dung quan
li.
Tren co sd cac chuan mdc chat Idpng da ddpc

xac lap, cac trddng
OHNN
can xay ddng quy
trinh
day hpc nham dat ddpc cac chuan mdc dd.
Quy
trinh
day hpc theo quan diem he thdng
bao gdm 3
giai
doan. trong dd dau ra
giai
doan
trddc
la dau vao cua
giai
doan ke tiep va tac
dpng
qua lai vdi nhau, bao gdm:
KHGD
sd 57, thdng 6 - 2010
47
Giai
doan
Chuan bi
Thuc
thi
Danh gia
Cai
tien

Noi
dung
-
Phan
tich
nhu cau, bao gom:
+
Xac
dinh
vi
tri
mon
hoc
trong
chuong
trinh
cua bac hoc hay cap hpc
+
Dieu
tra
doi
tucing
SV:
Kiem
tra
kien
thue nen; dieu tra phong
each
hpc
cua

SV;
dieu tra hung thu cua
SV
vdi
mon
hoc
+
Nghien cuu dieu
kien
vat chat
-
kT
thuat
ho
tra viec day
-
hpc
mon
hoc
-
Xac
dinh muc
tieu
mon
hoc, bai hoc, xay dung de cuang mon hpc.
chuan
bi
tai
lieu,
phJdng phap, phuong

tien,
cong
cu,
kiem
tra, danh gia
-
Chuan
bi
ke hoach bai day, bao gom:
+
Viet
muc
tieu bai day
+
LUa
chpn, sap xep
noi
dung day hoc
+
Lua
chpn
hinh
thuc
to
chCrc
day hpc, phuong phap,
phUdng
tien,
cong
cu,

kiem
tra, danh gia
Tien
hanh cac budc len
Idp
theo giao an
Kiem
tra, danh gia
Lap
ho so danh gia cai tien sau bai, sau hoc
ki
Ke
hoach danh gia cai tien
Dieu
chinh,
cai tien
3.3.
Xac
dinh
cac
tieu
chi
danh
gia quy
trinh
day hoc
Tieu
chi dddc xem la nhurng diem kiem
soat.
Trong

QLCL,
cac tieu chi dddc sir dung de danh
gia
dau vao, qua
trinh,
dau ra cua cac quy
trinh
cung nhu cac budc trong quy
trinh.
Vi vay, cac
truong
DHNN
can tien hanh xay dung cac tieu
chi
cu the danh gia cac bddc thuc hien quy
trinh
day hpc nham giup cac thanh vien trong trudng
va khach hang nhan biet qua
trinh
thuc hien
cung nhu
mUc
dp dat
dupe
cua cac quy
trinh.
3.4.
Van
hanh,
do

ludng, danh
gia, thu
Giai
doan
Noi
dung
Tieu
chi danh gia
Chuan
bi
-
Nhan Idp
-
Xay
dung de cddng mon hoc
-
Lap ke hoach day hoc
-
Chuan
bi
tai
lieu,
phddng phap,
phddng tien day hoc
-
Oe cUdng mon hpc
-
Ke
hoach giang day
-

Giao an
-
Xac dinh giao
trinh,
tai
lieu
tham
khao
Thuc
thi
-
Tien
hanh giang day tren Idp
-
Kiem
tra viec
ITnh
hpi
va ap dung
bai
hoc cua
SV
-
Bo
sung kien
thCVc
SV
chua hieu
-
Oam bao theo giao an

-
PhUdng
phap
giang day phu hdp
-
Sir dung phUdng tien giang day
-
Mdc
dp
ITnh
hoi
va ap dung bai hoc
cua
SV
-
SV
nam vung
kien
thdc cua bai hpc
Danh
gia
cai
tien
-
Tien
hanh lay
y
kien
danh gia
gid

giang.
danh gia mon hpc cua SV
-
Oinh
ki
lay
y
kien
danh
gia
cua dong nghiep, to bp mon
-
Dieu
chinh,
cai tien hoat dong day
va chuyen
sang
bai mdi.
-
Ket
qua
y
kien danh gia
ciia
SV,
dong nghiep, td bo mon
-
Hoat dpng giang day cua
GV
da

dddc cai tien
thap
va xu li so
lieu
Van
hanh
dupe
xem
la chUc nang quan
trong
trong
QLCL
bdi le
hoat dong
QLCL
se
khong
dupe
thdc hien
neu cac quy
trinh
da
xay dung khong
dupe
van
hanh
hoac
khong
van
hanh dupe. Sau khi

quy
trinh
day hpc
dupe
xay dung
vdi
cac chuan
chat lupng can dat
dupe, cac tieu chi danh
gia
cu the, cac trudng
DHNN
can yeu cau
toan the GV trong
trudng
thdc hien
nghiem
tuc. day du cac bddc cua quy
trinh
day
hpc. Ben canh dd, trong qua
trinh
thdc hien quy
trinh
day hoc, nha trudng can thu thap cac so
lieu
ve chat Iddng
QTDH;
tien hanh xd
li

sd
lieu
thddng xuyen,
lien
tuc de cd nhdng thdng tin
chinh
xac nham danh gia hoat dpng
QLCL
QTDH,
ddng
thdi
la cd sd de xay ddng ke hoach
cai
tien. Can cd ke hoach cai tien da dddc xay
ddng, cac trddng
DHNN
tien hanh cai tien nham
khong
ngUng nang cao chat lupng
QTDH
gdp
phan nang cao chat
Idpng
dao tao cua
nha trddng.
Ket
luan
Trong
xu the
hpi

nhap
hien nay,
ngoai ngd cang trd
nen quan trong
trong
vai trd cau ndi
bdi
le con dddng
tiep
can moi thanh
tdu
van hda, tien bp
khoa hpc va
kT
thuat
cua the
gidi,
con
dudng hdi
nhap
vao
kinh
te va cong
ddng the
gidi
deu
phai
di qua cai cau
48
KHGD

so 57, thang 6 - 2010
in
Nghien
cu*u
ngoai ngd.
Vi
vay, chat Idpng san pham dao tao
ndi
chung, chat lddng
QTDH
cua cac trddng
DHNN
ndi rieng luon nhan dddc sd quan tarn
cua toan xa hoi. Dam bao va nang cao chat
Iddng
QTDH
la mot trong nhdng nhiem vu bit
bupc cua cac trddng
DHNN.
Trong dd, cac
trddng
DHNN
can
QLCL
QTDH
cua nha trddng
vdi
viec thdc hien ddng bp cac
giai
phap: Xac lap

cac chuan mdc cua
QTDH;
xay ddng quy
trinh
day hpc theo tiep can he thdng; xac dinh cac tieu
chi
danh gia quy
trinh
day hpc; van hanh, do
Iddng,
danh gia, thu thap va xir
li
so
lieu
lam cd
sd cho viec cai tien va tien hanh cai tien. Thdc
hien
ddng bp cac
giai
phap
vda neu, chat Iddng
QTDH
cua cac trddng
DHNN
se luon dddc dam
bao, duy
tri
va cai tien.
Khoa
hpc Gido due

TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO
1.
Ha
The
Ngu,
Dang
Vu
Hoat
(1987),
Giao due hoc tap
I,
NXB
Giao due, Ha
Npi.
2.
Nguyen
Dire
Chinh (2008),
Danh gia chat It/gng trong
giao due,
Khoa
Su
pham,
DHQG
Ha
Ndi.
3. Nguyen Dire Chinh (2009),
Tai lieu tap huan KI nang
nghe nghiep cho giao vien THPT,
Trudng

Dai
hpc Giao
due,
DHQG
Ha
Npi.
4.
Warren Piper, D. (1993),
Quality Management
in
Universities,
Canberra: AGPS.
SUMMARY
The author looks into the management of teaching
process quality of 3 foreign languages universities (Hanoi.
Hue, Da Nang), proposes solutions for managing teaching
process quality: setup of teaching process standards; sys-
tematic design
of
teaching process; establishing assess-
ment criteria for teaching process; operating, measuring,
collecting and processing data.
DINH
HlTOfNG
GIA
TRI
NHAN
CACH
CUA
HOC

SINH
TRUNG
HOC
PHO
THONG
(Tiep theo trang 45)
cac hoat dpng da dang vdi cac hinh thdc phong
phu,
phu hdp vdi nhu cau
ciia
HS da cudn hut
cac em tham gia
tich
ede vao cac hoat dpng
chung. Dac biet cac hoat dpng thanh nien
tinh
nguyen, chien dich
"miia
he xanh", da that sd
thuyet phuc cac em HS THPT DBSCL khi cac
em hieu dddc y nghTa xa hpi va gia
tri
nhan van
ciia
nd.
Ciing
vdi xa hpi, cac doan the tap trung vao
cac npi dung sau:
-
Tang cddng giao due dao ddc, y thdc cong

dan, long yeu nddc, truyen thdng dan tpc,
-
Tap trung xay ddng moi trddng hoc dddng
lanh
manh, xay ddng Idi song van
minh
cho HS.
-
Tang cddng
tinh
tich
cut, dpc lap
ciia
HS
thong qua cac hoat dong hpc tap. lao dpng. the
due the thao, hoat dpng xa
hpi,
Sd phoi hdp ddng bp cac bien
phap
tren cd
the giup HS THPT
ITnh
hpi, tiep nhan cac thong
tin,
kien thdc mdi de lam cd sd phan
tich,
danh
gia
va cd thai dd Ida chon dung din cac gia tri
tich

cut cho ban than. Ddng
thdi
qua
trinh
nay
con
giup cac em kiem nghiem va td dieu chinh
cac quan diem, niem tin, thai dp cua
minh
cho
phu
hdp vdi yeu cau nhan
each
chuan mdc
ciia
xa hpi.
TAI
Ll£U
THAM
KHAO
1. Do Ngpc Ha, Dinh hwdng gia tri cua thanh nien sinh
vien hien nay,
Luan an tien
sT
Tarn
li
hpc,2002.
2.
Nguyen Quang Uan, Nguyen Thac, Mac Van Trang,
Gia tri - Dinh hwong gia tri nhan each va giao due gia

tri, Be
tai
KX-07-04,
Ha Ndi,1995.
3. Nguyen Xuan
Yem,
Phong chdng cac loai toi pham
d
Viet Nam thdi ki doi mdi,
NXB
Cong
an
nhan dan, 2005.
4.
Nguyen
Van
Anh,
Van de giao due dinh hudng gia tri
trong boi canh Viet Nam gia nhap WTO,
Tap
chi
Khoa
hoc Giao due
-
Thang 9/2007.
5. Pham
Minh
Hac,
Giao due nhan each, dao tao nhan
life,

NXB
Chinh
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qudc gia,1997.
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I.X.
Kon,
Tarn li hoc thanh men,
NXB
Tre,1987.
SUMMARY
From personality values survey among high school
students
in
Mekong delta,
the
author comes
up
with
4
measures which could enhance the value education: prop-
aganda, family role, teaching
-
learning activities, coordi-
nation with social organizations.
KHGD
so 57, thdng 6 - 2010
49