Báo cáo khoa học: Vai trò của Đông kinh nghĩa thục và những nhà thơ Duy Tân trong lĩnh vực văn học pdf

VAI TRO CUA DONG KINH
NGHIA
THUC VA NHUNG NHA NHO DUY TAN
TRONG LiNH VlTC VAN HOC (GIA DOAN DAU
THE
KY XX)
CAO THI
HAO'
1.
Budc sang the ky XX ddi vdi Viet Nam
khdng dan gian
chi la
ghi mdt diiu mdc thdi
gian vao quang dudng phat trien
ciia lich
sir
ma cdn
la
re sang mot con dudng khac trong
lich
sLi'
phat trien dan tdc.
Neu
tir the ky
XIX
ve trudc, Viet Nam va cac nude
lang
gieng
Ddng A quy tu trong mdt viing van boa rieng
ddc
lap

va khac biet vdi the gidi thi
tir
day da
xuiit hien mot mdi
lien
thdng
giUa
van
boa
viing Ddng A vdi van boa the gidi boa
viio
cudc sdng chung va gia nhiip quy dao vim
ddng
ciia
lich sir the gidi.
Vice chuydn
doi tir
van hgc trung
d;.ii
sang van hgc hien dai d
giai doan nay ddng nghia vdi vice thay doi ttr
truyen thdng van boa nay sang mot
loiii
hinh
van boa khac,
tii'
nen van boa viing cd ngudn
gdc Han chuyen sang van boa Chau Au
mang ngudn gdc Hi - La cd vi trf chi phdi Cii
van boa the gidi cim hien

dai."
Ddi vdi lich sir van boa Viet Nam
sir
thay
doi nay riit
sau
siic.
Nd bieu hien khdng dan
gian d chd cai
nidi
thay the cai cii, khdng
phiii hai cai cdng
hii,
ma thuc chiit la qua
trinh dai boa trdn, nhao nan cai cu va
cai
mdi
thiim chi la thay doi cdt
each
cua cai da
thanh truyen thdng dan tdc de thanh mdt
Siin
phiim khac. Dieu kien
xiiy
ra
sir
doi thay
niiy
lii nude
ta miit ddc

liip,
trd thanh thude dia
ciia
thuc dan Phap. Va viec thay doi nay
cung xuiit hien trudc hei la d
phia
thuc dan
Phap.
Hg mudn
liim
cho
thude
qudc doan
Thac sT. Dai hoc Su pham
Tiiai
nguyen
tuyet vdi van boa dan tdc, Ii khai vdi anh
hudng
CLia
Trung Qudc vdn dinh hinh trong
van boa dan tdc Viet Nam tir mudi the ky
nay de
t;.io
liip
mdt nin
viin
boa cd hdn cdt
van boa phuong Tay. Miit khac
""niejt
phen

thay
de'ii se/n
hid" nhu
viiy
cung
dii la
xu the
tiit yeu trong hoan ciinh the gidi hien dai Iiic
dd. Ben canh con dudng Au boa theo thuc
dan cdn cd con dudng Au boa
ciia
cac
nhii
Nho yeu
nude.
Trong phong trao Ddng kinh
nghia thuc chinh ciic nha Nho yeu nude cung
da van ddng cai
each
van boa,
chii
ddng giai
quyei van dd tiep nhim van boa Chau Au
de
tu cudng gianh ddc
Iiip
va hien dai hoa diit
nude.
2.
Ndi den Ddng kinh nghia thuc ngudi ta

thudng quan tam den vai trd duy tan
ciia
phong trao nay trong ITnh vuc van boa, kinh
te,
chinh tri ma ft chii y den ITnh vuc van hgc.
Tuy nhien neu nhin tir gdc do khac - gdc do
van boa, chiing ta se khdng the khdng
khiing
dinh vai trd
ciia
Ddng kinh nghla thuc ddi
vdi van hgc Viet Nam giai
doiin
daU the ky
XX. Theo chiing tdi, mdt trong nhirng ddng
gdp quan trgng
ciia
phong trao Ddng kinh
nghia thuc ma ttr trudc den nay chua dugc
nhin nhiin mdt
each thiiu
dao dd
la
phong
trao
niiy
da gdp phiin thay doi ldi tu duy
nhiin thuc
ciia
ngudi Viet Nam.

Ddng kinh nghia thuc ra ddi da kien nghi
phe bd khoa cir, md trudng
di^ii
hgc, de xudng
Ciii each phong boa, bd qudc phuc, mac Au
54
NGHIEN
Cdu
DONG BflC fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008
Nghien citu khoa hgc
phuc.
ciit
biii td.
biit
tdc ngdn. bd quan
niem
hgc ky
thuiil.
phong
iriio
\an hoii
dim the
ky
nhiit si. dc cao viec thuc nghiep nhu khai ddn
niiy
da
tiio
cho ddc gia
liim
quen dim \di Idi

dien.
md hdi budn. lam cdng nghe. Phong tu duy phan tfch. micu ui su \at mdt
each
cu
triio
ncii len
ram
id
tii'
Biic vao Nam. ngudi
the',
sat vdi thuc te.
Vice
tao ra
ihdi quen
Phiip sg nd
bieii
thanh
each
mang nen vdi thudng thirc mdi hi riit quan trong ddi vdi
diip
tiit. Diiu 1907. Ddng kinh nghia thuc bi qua trinh nhiin thiic
sir viit hien
lugng. cd uic
nil giiiy phep. Tuy Ddng kinh nghia thuc mdi dung thay doi diin
each
ciini.
each
nghi.
each

chii y duy Uin d cac
miit
kinh te, chfnh tri. xa tu duy
theo
kieu phuong Ddng dc hudng tdi
hoi.
nhung cac nha nho
chii
truang phong mot ldi tu duy
nhiui
thiic thuc
ic.
phan tich
triio
niiy
cung dc
ciip deii
viec diing chu qudc hien tugng
ciia
phuong Tay. Dieu
nii)'
hi
riii
ngii,
viei bao. dich sach. Hoan toan cd ly khi ciin thiei trong viec
tiio
dung mot thdi
quen
chiing ta cho riing dd la hanh ddng mang
linh

suy nghi xuiit phat
tir
thuc tc. cd ca sd khoa
van hoa. chua thuc
sir chii
trgng
dcii
van hgc hgc cho ngudi Viet Nam.
nghe
Ihuiil.
Nhung dat
viio
bdi canh tam ly Mac
dii
tdn
tiii
irong khoiing thdi gian
Xii hoi hic dd ma
xet
thi
hoiU
ddng nay da
Uio
khdng dai nhung nhting gi ma Ddng kinh
ra mot xao trdn Idn trong ddi
scing
xii hdi
nghiii
thuc
liio

ra da dc
lai
nhirng du vang
Viel
Niim
co
truyen.
Trong khi dai da sd khdng nhd trong mdt xa hdi vdn bi bao bgc
ngudi dan Vict Nam cdn dang thd bit Han bdi
sir
an phiin va thdi quen tu duy theo
kieu
hoc liim gdi co truyen thi Ddng kinh nghTa hgc
ihco
va dinh
siin.
Diic
biet phong trao da
thuc
dirge
sang
liip
d Ha Ndi dc khai trf dan lac ddng niiinh
iiic dcii
cac nha Nho duy tan.
chiuig.
Trudng da
chii
trgng
lni)'LMi

bii
chfr
Hg la nhting ngudi sc
liio
ra
sir ihfch
irng
ciia
qudc
ngCr.
diiy
cac
kicii ihiic
pho thdng vc van hgc trong giai
doiui
diiu
ciia
qua trinh
Tiiy hgc.
Viio
thdi diem dd che do khoa cir giao thai nay.
Villi ton
tiii,
mdt phiin
Idn
dan sd irong
nude
3. Van hgc Vict Nam giai
doiin
cudi

the
vim cdn c a chi hd giii da nen nhiing
dieu
ky XIX diiu
Ihe
ky XX hi giai doan giao thai
thong thudng vc
kien
thirc tu
nhien
nhu hinh d dd tdn
Uii
hai bd phiin van hgc: van hgc
cii
the trai diit, phep do dudng trdn. thuyet canh
ciia
nha Nho d dia ban ndng thdn van tdn
Uii
tranh
ciia
Darwin,
thuyci dan udc
ciia
va van hgc mdi ctia
irf
thuc
lu
san d thanh
Ihi
Rousseau dugc ddn nhiin nhu mdt bf thuiit

dii le
tc nhung da xuiit hien.
ttio
ra sue
miinh
cho phuang Tay.
6
thimh thi. bd phiin van hgc mdi dii bin
Theo chiing tdi vdi,
vice
dua nhu'ng kieii
diiu
manh nha tudng nhu bi ciit
diil
nhirng
thirc cd tfnh chiit khoa hgc vao ddi sdiig xa mdi day
lien
he vdi
truyen
thdng van hgc dan
hoi,
Ddng kinh nghia thuc da
liio
ra mdt
sir
tdc. Nd phiin anh su
uich
bicl
ciia
mdt bd

thiiy doi quan trgng trong ldi tu duy nhiin phim trf thiic tan hgc dirng ngoiii cudc
diiu
thuc
ciia
ngudi Vict vdn quen nhin su
vice
tranh giai phdng dan tdc nhung khdng chiip
dira
tren nhiing khudn miiu dinh san. Qua
nhiui
nhirng ap dat do thuc dan
dcni
hii.
viec gidi thieu nhu'ng
kien
thirc phd thdng, Nhu'ng tac giii tien phong
ciia
van hoc
nidi
da
nhirng thdng tin ve khoa hoc tu nhien. khoa viei ve cudc sdng thimh thi dang ur sim boa.
NGHIEN
ecru
DONG
B^C
fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008 55
Nghien citu khoa hgc
cudc sdng ma hg vira thay thfch hgp
vi pbii
hgp vdi tam

ly
thi hieu nhung lai vira mudn
chdi bd vi nd di ra ngoai nhirng khudn phep
diio
dire da ban
dii'u
thanh nep trong tam trf
hg.
De boa nhap vao ddng chiiy
ciia
van hgc
the gidi. nhirng trf thuc tan hgc da hgc tap
theo he thdng the
loiii
van hgc can hien
diii
phuang Tay de xay dung cho dai
nude
mdt
nen van hgc mdi. Hg da
lap hii
cdng viec
ciia
nhu'ng trf thirc Dili Viet trong dieu kien mdi.
Dieu kien thuc te khac trudc. neu nhung trf
thiic Dili Viet
xay
dung van hgc Viet Nam
trong niem tir
hao

Idn:
nude
nha cd cuang
vuc rieng, ngang hang vdi Trung Qudc va
cac nude hoa ha khac thi nhirng trf thii'c tan
hgc viei
vtm
dudi
sir
chi phdi
ciia
chfnh sach
van boa nd dich
ciia
thuc dan Phap. Neu nhu
van hgc trung did biei ket hgp cac gia tri
mang tfnh Trung Qudc va cac gia tri dan
gian de san sinh ra nhirng the
loai
rieng, diic
thu Viet Nam ma
dinh
cao
la
Viet boa he
thdng the
loiii
ngoai nhap, sang
tiio
he thdng

the
loiii
thuan Viet va ngdn ngii van hgc
bang tieng Viet
thi
van hgc mdi
ciia
trf thiic
tan hgc ngay liic mdi ra ddi da tu each ly vdi
van hgc dan gian, khdng
dii
can diim de
ciip
den nhu'ng van de cdt tir
ciia
ddi sdng nhan
dan va su tdn vong
ciia
dan tdc. Van hgc mdi
viio
thdi diem nay chu yeu phiin anh cudc
sdng thanh thi dang tu siin hoa.
Trong khi dd d mdt bd phan khac, ddng
diio ban va ram rd ban
la
van hgc cua nha
Nho va quan chiing ndng dan
vSn
giir vi trf
chii

diio.
Cudi XIX dau XX xuat hien nhieu
tha ke su, ve hien thuc. Tac gia
ciia
nd la nha
Nho,
nhu'ng ngudi cd vdn van boa Han hgc.
Ddi tugng thirdng thirc la ngudi ndng dan
vdn cu tu d ndng thdn - mdt dia ban rdng
Idn
ciia nude
ta liic dd. Dua ndi dung hien thuc
vao trong mdt hinh
thii:c
the loai cu quen
thude
vdi tam ly ngudi tiep nhan de
thoii
man
nhu ciiu
ciia
hg ddng thdi thuc
diiy sir
thay
doi trong suy nghi
ciia
hg. Do do ngdn
ngif
sir dung
la

chii Ndm va chir qudc ngu". Sau
hai cudc khai thac
thude
dia
ciia
thuc dan.
phiin Idn ngudi ndng dan di chuyen dia ban
tir ndng thdn ra thanh thi, hg lam rat nhieu
nghe va tiip hgp thanh tang
Idp
dudi trong xa
hdi:
cd sen, cau bdi, phu
xc.nhu
ciiu thudng
thii'c van hgc
ciia
hg da thay doi nhung
viin
cdn
lien
he vdi qua
khiif.
Hg chua the lam
quen ngay vdi nhirng the
loai
mdi me
ciia
phuang Tay do dd thinh hanh
loiii

van hgc
van ve dap ii'ng nhu ciiu dgc, ke, nghe
ciia
nhu'ng ngudi tiing
Idp
dudi. Cham ngdi cho
cac hinh thirc van
viin,
ve ke
sir
la cac nha
Nho duy tan va phong triio Ddng kinh nghia
thuc.
Hg la nhirng ngudi diiu tien viei ve,
didn ca de co ddng, tuyen truyen cho nhan
dan.
Nha Nho va phong
tiiio
Ddng kinh nghia
thuc da dgn dudng cho tam ly tiep nhan, cho
kieu tiep nhan van hgc mdi
ciia
ddc gia Viet
Nam d giai
doiin
giao thdi. Van hoa phiii cd
truyen thdng va truyen thdng dd phu
thude
vao tam ly ngudi tiep nhan. Doi mdi phai
phii

hgp vdi thdi
diii
va theo ddi hdi thuc te,
phu hgp vdi cdng chung ddc giii tiep nhan
tren ca sd cai mdi nhung phiii gan bd vdi
truyen thdng. Chfnh vi vay ndi den
sir
ra ddi
cua van xudi qudc ngir Viet Nam ta khdng
the khdng tfnh tdi vai trd cau ndi
ciia
ve ke
sir,
truyen van
viin.
Chiing ta thudng chi chu y den Nam
Phong va ddng gdp
ciia
nd trong viec dua
nhu'ng tu tudng mdi ve van hoc vao Viet
56
NGHIEN
CCJU
DONG
B^C
fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008
Nghien citu khoa hgc
Niim.
Thuc ra Nam Phe)ng d vao giai
doiin

sau. khi ma ddc gia vdi lugng kien thii'c hien
diii
dugc
ciip
nhat tuong ddi cua
minh
dang
ddi hdi van hgc phai cd
sir
thay the ve hinh
thirc the hien. Ve mat ly
luan.
Nam
Plie)ng
da
diip
iifng
dugc yeu cau
ciia
thdi dai trong viec
thdng nhiit ngdn ngir, tuyen truyen tu tudng
mdi,
gidi thieu tu tudng phuang Tay cho van
hoc nude nha. Do viiy cd rat nhieu y kien
diinh gia de cao Nam Phong, coi Nam
Plie>ng
nhu mdt dao su van nghe ma ai mudn thanh
nha
viin
phiii chiim but trong binh muc dd.

Thirc ra chiing ta mdi chi nhin thay giai doan
sau - giai
doiin
dd nhin thay nhung anh'
hudng cu the cua van hgc nhai ma chua chii
y den giai
doiin
trudc dd - giai doan Ddng
kinh nghia thuc - thdi ky dgn dudng cho tam
ly tiep nhan van hgc hien
diii.
Giai doan diiu the ky XX, ciic nha Nho
duy tan va phong triio Ddng kinh nghia thuc
ciia
minh
la
ngudi dgn dudng va chuiin bi
cdng chiing cho van hgc hien dai. Bdi vi ben
Ciinh
vice
ciiu nu'dc thi viec giir gin mdt
nen
van hoa cung la tdi can thiei trong didu kien
luc dd khi van boa phuong Tay tran
viio
nude
ta mot
each
d
iit,

xuat hien nguy co bi nd
dich ve van hoa.
Ttim
ly tiep nhan van hgc
mdi da dugc cac nha nho duy tan chuiin bi d
hai ciip do.
Truire het,
cac
nha Nho duy tan da phe
phan van chuang cir tir, tuyen bd tir bd van
chuang thanh hien, tir bd ldi viei khoa cir
Hiin hgc va viei theo
hinh
thii'c mdi de dap
ii^ng
nhu ciiu
ciia
ddc giii. Ong tham hoa noi
tieiig
hay tha da tu tay ddt thi tap
ciia
chinh
minh (Nguydn Thugng Hien). Ba dng tien ,sT,
phd biing mdi dd Ien an thi cir. (Phan Chau
Trinh viei Chi thdnh thdng thdnh phe phan
hgc thuiu cu xoa bd nen giao
due
khoa cir
Han hgc. Triin Quy Cap va Hu)nb Thiic
Khang

viet phii
Cdu
luemg
ngge tid danh son
ke nhung chuyen thuc te de kfch ddng, cd
ddng tuyen truyen). Cdn Phan Bdi Chau dau
giai nguyen dugc dac
each
treo rieng mdt
bang ma tu thiiy
xii'u
hd. Van cir tir bi chfnh
nhu'ng ngudi
diii
dien tieu bieu nhiit cho nd
Ien an khai tir. Chinh nha Nho, ngudi cd vai
trd dac biet quan trgng trong mdi trudng van
boa truydn thdng - chi cd hg mdi la ngudi cd
quydn va khach quan nhiit dd phe bd Idi hgc
tir chuang va each viet cii. Bdi vl nha Nho
khdng dan gian chi la trf thii'c
ciia
che do
phong kien ma hg cdn cd tu
each
hi
""nguiri
huimg
dgo tinh
tlidid ciia

ndng thdn, grin bd
va him thiiy cho ndng dan, la ngudi sang tac
van hgc tieu bidu cho van hgc
ti^ydn
thdng
ciia
dan tdc. Tir gdc do
niiy
chiing ta cd the
cho riing nhung nha Nho duy tan la nhu'ng
ngudi diiu tien dua van hgc Viet Nam
tii'
van
hgc
vLing
mang tfnh phuang Ddng gia nhiip
viio
quy dao van hgc the gidi. van hgc
phuang Tay qua viec phe bd
viin
hgc cu.
Hai
Id,
hg da him mdi cac the
loai
cu bang
viec dua nhirng ndi dung mdi
viio
dd. Su xuiit
hien kha phong phii cua ve, truyen tho, ky

sir,
du kl biing tha dudi hinh thii'c chir Ndm
va qudc ngir
viio
cudi the ky XIX la mdt
minh chii'ng. Nhirng sang tiic nay dugc viet
bang van viin nhung
liii
mang
oiiu
iin
ciia
hinh thii'c truyen: cd tinh tiet, cd cdt truyen.
Cu the nam
1882
Nguydn
Viin
Giai viel Hd
Thdnh
the'd
tlui chi
ce')ng qiid
ca (Chfnh khf
ca) gdm 140 cau luc biit kc
sir vice
thanh Ha
Ndi bi
hii,
Nguydn Tri Phuang tuan tidi. Cd
den giiip ta

phiui
cdng. hai
ben
ki hoa udc
Giap Tuiit. Hoang
Dieu
ra
Iriiii
thanh Ha Ndi.
NGHIEN
C(jru
DONG BflC fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008
57
Nghien citu khoa hgc
dd niiii thiinh. Nam 1885 Nguydn Thi Bich ndi thich
hefp ve'ri
tdm hdn me)t sei
.si
phu di
(mdt cung nu
ciia
vua Tu Diic) viet
Le)gn
du tim quen
Idng
trong nhdn
Igc
Didnig
luitt
hanh thue

qiie'ie
dm ca (Hanh thuc ca) dai
hdt
cu hay td
tiiyi't due/c
siing hd me)t thiri
1036 cau
luc
bat ke lai nhung bien cd xiiy ra thinh hdnh "
'''(2)
ma dang
chii
y hi
sir
xuiit
d Hue khi dd. Theo Phiim The Ngu ""hdi ve hien phong
phii ciia
nhu'ng bai ca
luc
bat de
ihiri
su
"
nay khien nha
so;.in
sii'
Tnin
Trgng ke su. (O day chiing tdi khdng ke den nhung
Kim phiii dua vao dd de
liiy lu lieu

viet
sii'
bai dugc dich tir chfr Han ra qudc ngu' bang
nhu dng da
thii'a
nhiin: ""Nhinig
Irityen
ei'
Iiic
bat hoiic song thiit luc bat de tuyen
Irong
trii'ii
luc
e'iy
phdn
nhii'ii Id
liiy d quyen truydn
each iTUing
cua Phan Boi Chau.
Hgnli ihite
ca eua Le tdn
Ngiiyin NhiU/e
tin.
Nguydn Thugng Hien. Phan Chau Trinh
Bd
Id
mdt cung phi cua vua Tu
Difc
sou hd him cho ddi sdng van viin
cue

ky sdi ddng d
Idin
thu ki
che> hdTii
Du nen
vii'c
tre)ng
trii'it
giai doan
niiy).
Trong thuc te van hgc thdi
bd biet
due/c
reT''^\
Huefng sefn
nheit trinh
ciia doiin
nay ta bat giip riit nhidu tac phiim viei
Chu Manh Trinh dai
138 cau
luc bat ke cudc biing the luc bat (dai
tren
100 cau). Phiii
hiinh tiinh tir Ha Ndi qua Ha Ddng phu
IJhg
chang truyen tha tai
tii
giai nhan d giai
doiin
Hoa. tdi

chiia
ngoai. chiia trong rdi ngugc trudc dang trd
!iii
chi phdi van dan ? Ndi
dudng ra vd nhu mdt bai du kf. Ldi van dung cac tac phiim cho chiing ta mdt
cau
tra
giiin di ndm na nhu kc
truyen
binh dan. ldi thiit rd rimg:
the
tha luc biit dugc diing de
Trong sudt mdt ngan nam lich sir chua ghi
hii.
ke lai nhOng
sir
kien thuc le. chi tiet
bao gid hgc giii Vict Nam diing van qudc am lich su' nhu'ng
bidii
cd
ciia
thdi cudc
liic
dd
dc ghi nhu'ng
bien
cd xiiy ra d duang thdi chir khdng phiii ke chuyen
ciia
lich
sii'.

qua
mdt
each true
licp. Liin diiu tien the van hdi khii' hay
chuyen
tinh lai tir giai nhan. Cac lac
ki lich sir xuiit hien d Viet Nam dudi hinh phiim nay nhidu khi mang tfnh chiit vc.
ihiic
tha ndm ghi lai nhung bidn cd lich sir.
nghicMig
vd phfa binh dan ban la bac hgc.
micu ta cu the khdng che diiu su thuc. Nhiing Chiit lieu ddi sdiig hang ngiiy biit diiu di
viio
chi liet lich sir dugc tiinh bay mdt
each
ti mi. tha. Trudc day chua bao gid con ngudi va
sir
chan xac. cu the tir nam thang den ngay gid
vice
xung quanh vdi chiit thdi
sir
ltd cd
miit
ciia
tirng bidn cd. Chiing ta cd the If giai hien trong tha nhidu nhu the. Chua bao gid khdng
tugng
niiy
nhu thd nao ? gian tha
hii
hi nhii'ng khdng gian giin gui ddi

Cudi the ky XIX diiu the ky XX. vim hgc thudng nhu
viiy
va cung chua he thiiy mdt
Viet Nam da cd cudc bien thien riit quan ngdn
ngu"
ddi sdng
iia
vao tha phong phii va
trgng cd
le
mdt diiu hieu quan trgng ft dugc da dang
ddii
the. Vc
Iiic
bat da dap iing dugc
liiih
den la tfnh chiit thdi
sir
ua vao trong tha. nhu
ciiu
ve thdng tin
ciia
ddc
giii.
Day chfnh
Trong ddi sdng van hgc
nude
nha d buoi giao
la
mdt trong nhung con dudng dan ddn

sir
thai nay khdng chi xuiit hien "nhinig hdi hdt xuiit hien
ciia
van xudi. Mudn duoc
cdnsi
'" Pham The Ngu (1974). Met Nam vdn hoc sie
gid
n
irdc '"'
Pham
Tlie
Ngu (1974). Met Nam vdn hoc sie
gid
n
ledc
kill
hien.
tap 3. Qudc
hgc tiing
thu. Sai Gon
tr38.
tdn hien. tap 3. Quoc hoc lung Ihu. Sai Gon. Tr. 26.
58
NGHIEN
CCfU DONG
B^C
fl.
SO
7(89) 7-2008
Nghien citu khoa hgc

chiing hirdng irng. thudng thirc thi
viin
chuang phai dap irng dugc thi hieu
ciia
cdng
chiing: tfnh ham chuyen
hi.
thfch tin tuc thdi
sir.
nhu'ng su kien giat gan. mdi me. Nhim
xcl
vd uic phiim Chinh khi ca
ciia
Nguydn
Van Giai. Thanh Lang cung khiing dinh:
""Nguyen Vdn Giai dem
nie'n
cdi gi
me'ri
me'
vdo vdn he)c Viet Nam:
me'ri
me
a did
diing
lift
thef que'ic
dm de ghi
nliUng
bieii ed

lich
sit.
me'ri
me'
hem
d
did
tdc gid thdnh
tliUe klie')ng
lip md,
me'ri
me
e'r
chd
cde
nhdn vat ggi bdng
ten thin,
dire/e
phe hinh
me)t
cdch thdng thdn,
gay gin, mia mai,
niifi
me nhdt, cdeh mang
nhin
e'r
die')
tdi
lii'u
ddi

dde>
vd ti
mi^^'''.
Sir
thay ddi
ciia
van chuang tir truyen tho tai
tii'
giai nhan den ve
luc
bat khdng chi d
vice
thay ddi dd tai, ndi dung ngdn ngu' ma
chii
yeu d
sir
thay ddi quan he tac gia vdi cdng
chiing. Didu
niiy
dan den viec thay ddi ca
tfnh chiit van hgc. Cac tac phiim van viin nay
da phiin anh nhu'ng viin dc thuc tc
ciia
xa hdi
hic dd nhiim tac ddng tdi nhiin thirc
ciia
ddc
giii - nhung ngudi ndng dan dang bat diiu
thay ddi tam
ly,

thi hieu
ciia
minh.
Tha
yeu
nirdc
ciia
nha nho tac ddng den tha trao
phung, ve
ciia
ndng dan va chinh thir van hgc
chua dugc bien
diii
boa dd vd sau tac ddng
den van hgc thanh thi
ciia
tiing Idp tieu tu sim
Vii
vd Siin. Tiing lap tidu tu
siin
va vd san
la
Idp ngudi thanh thi nhung
hii
giin ndng dan,
nhii
nho ban
la
giin tu san. Ndn van hgc
ciia

mot
nude
thuc
sir
chuydn sang hien
diii
viet
Ihco
kieu phuong Tay khi ddi tugng thirdng
thii'c ddng dao
ciia
nd phiii chiip nhiin didu
do.
0 giai doan giiio thdi, nha nho da lam
thiiy giai ciip tu siin va tiing Idp
tieu
tu san
trong viec xiiy dung mdt ndn van hgc
ciin
hien
diii.
Day la mdt trong
nhiin ti
dac diem
diic thii ciia
van hgc Viet Nam khi budc vao
thdi ky hien dai boa.
4.
Nhu
viiy

cham ngdi la phong trao Ddng
kinh nghia thuc,
lidp
dd
la
nhu'ng nha Nho
duy tan da
tiio
nhung tidn dd ditu
tien
cho
van hgc hien
diii
du nhiip vao Viet Nam qua
vice
tao dung mdt Idi nhiin thirc mdi. phe bd
van chuong cir
lii
va
each
tan cac the
loiii
truyen thdiig. Vai trd
ciia
cac nha Nho nay
quii that khdng phiii la nhd. Nhung lieu vdi
tu duy va the gidi quan nha Nho. vai trd
ciia
hg cd tiep tuc dugc khiing dinh ddi vdi thdi
cudc khdng khi lich

sii'
dang doi hdi phat
trien theo hudng hien
diii?
Viin de
niiy
ciin
mdt nghien ciiu
sau
ban nua ma chiing tdi
dang theo dudi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
Phiim
The
Ngu
(1974),
Viet Nam van
hoe sir
gidii iiife tdii
hien, lap 3, Quoc hoc
tiing
thu, Siii Gon
tr38,
tr.6.
2.
Thanh Liing
(1967),
Bang
luge do van

hgc Viet Nam. Nxb Trinh bay, Sai Gon,
lr.62.
3.
Triin
Dinh
Hugu (1999),
Nlie>
gido vd van
hoe Viet Nam
Iriiiig
edn dgi, Nxb
Giao
due,
Hii
Noi.
4.
Tran Dinh Hugu - Le
Chi
Dung (1996),
(tai ban), Vdn
tige
Viet
Neim 1900
-
1930,
Nxb
Giiio
due.
Ha Noi.
5.

Nguyen van Hoiin (2000),
Chie qtide iigi7
vd
stephdl trieii ei'ia
van hod Viet Nam.
Tiip
chi
Vein
hoc, sd 9,
Hii
Noi.
6. Chuang
Thiiu
(1982). Doug Kinh
iigliia
thue
vd
phong trdo edi
edeli
van hod dau the ky
XX,
Nxb Khoa hoc xa
hoi.
Ha Ndi.
'''Tlianh
Lang
(1967).
Bdng
heac
do vdn hoc

\'iei
Nam.
Nxb'I'rinh
bay.
.Sai
Gon.
11(32.
NGHIEN
ecru
DONG
B^C
fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008
59