Quan điểm triết học mác lênin về tự do và tất yếu trong phát triển nền văn hóa việt nam tiên tiến đậm đà bản sắc dân tộc

TAPCmCONfiTRirONfi

QUAN DIEM TRIET HOC MAC LENIN
VE TlJ DO VA TAT YEU TRONG PHAT TRIEN
NEN VAN HOA VIET NAM TIEN TIEN,
DAM DA BAN SAC DAN TOC
• TRAN THI TJCJl

TOM T,\T:
Cu ng \ dl nhffng chie'n Iffde phal irie'n kinh te - xa hdi ciia da't nffdc, va'n de van hda cung ludn
dffdc Dang \a Nha nffdc quan tam. Bdi \ iet phan tich quan diem ciia triet hgc Mac - Ldnin ve
Iff do vd lai yeu. tren cd sd dd. \an dungsang tao nhffng nguyen ly ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin
cung nhffquan diem cua triet hoc Mac -Lenin \c iffdo va ta't ye'u trong \ iec phat tnen nen vdn
hda Viel N.im den tie'n. dam da ban sdc ddn tpc.
TiJf khoa: Triet hpc Mac - Lenin, iff do. ta'l yeu. vdn hda, ban sdc dan tpc.

1. Quan diem cua trie't hpc Mac - L^nin \ e
tff do va ta't ye'u

cung nhff quan diem ve iff do va ta't ye'u ndi
rieng. Dang \a Nha nffdc Viet Nam da cd sif

6 mSi thai ki lich .{,. van d,l tin, hte'i, xem
con neifSi co quv^n life nhir the' nio do'i x di ttJ
„!,•-„ - - K - - 1 " .u w,
,
.-„ '
nhien \a \a hoi luon thu hut sff quan tam cua
„!,•- I, 1 u u
-• u
,

4- nhieu neanh khoa hoc noi chuns, irons do co
,••', L,^ T
-- *- , ^ ^ - ,""•', '• ^ ~ 1inet hoc. Trona so do. tff do \ a tat veu cuns la
-, -• tM -' , , . . •--, L
"d'
mot van de luon dffdc triet hoc quan iam nahien
_j
"

"''I" "''«" ''""8 dan trong qua trtnh xa> dtfng va
)."='' '}"='''"' "S^y cang giau manh. Do la, chl c6
d chu nghia cdng san. con ngffdi mdi phat huy
'^ ,
^
,
dffde quyen tff do cua minh. dffa con ngffdi "nhay
' ^ •'
• ,
, ,
"=
J
vot tff vffdna qudc cua lat yeu sang vu'dng quoc
;
"^
^
, ^
j
cuatffdo . Cung vdi nhffng chien Iffdc phdt tnen
",
"^

, =
, • "
kinh te - xa hdi cua dat nffdc, van de vdn hda
cung ludn dffdc Dang vd Nha nffdc quan lam.
Viec van dung sang tao nhffng nguyen ly cua
chii nghia Mac - Lenin cung nhff quan diem ciia
lich sff
Mac,
phai
keph^t
den
trietTrong
hpc Mac
\ e trie'i
tff dohgc
va trffdc
tat yeu
irong
viec
Hdn-bach
vdi hda
"He dthd'ng
nhien".
ve
trien
nen van
Viet ciia
Namtffhien
nay ban
Id mgl

md'i de
quan
he ta'l
va'n
mang
tinhye'u
thdi\asff.iff do. cho'ne lai thuyet
A- u - u r^ ^- n^ - """^ '^' '""J
dinh menh. Can - td vdi Phe phan ly tinh thi/c
tien",phan tich mdi quan he uiffa tff do \a quv
lual dao dffc. dffdc the hien iMns khdi nieiD

Trong triet hpc mac xit. pham irii ta't ye'u va
tff do dung de chi md'i quan he qua lai giffa boat
ddng vai chdt \ a tinh than cd dinh hffdng cua con
ngffdi vdi cdc qu\ luat khach quan cua tff nhien
~''..-,""
i"- "^
"' quan
"L"-" "-T"
' " " •Angghen
' • " " "•""
\d xa hpi.
Lien
den -•'""-'
van de" "na\.
ngffdi.Ngffdi
den quan
he siffa
veubae

\a dung
tff dd.dan
\iei.
iJ khdng
thetat
ban
'
dao dffc \a phapqu\en ma lai khdng ndi de'n
Tren
sd >
nhdn
\ an dung
tff
la tffcddo
• chi,ihffc
den\dtrach
nhiemsang
ciiataocon
Iffdng Clia chu nghi.i Mic - Lenin ndi chung.

130 Sd3-Tndng2/2020


QUANTRI-QUANLY

miJnh lenh tujet dd'i. Hay He-ghen vdi "Bach
khoa loan Ihff cac khoa hgc triet hgc". Hd'p-xd
vdi "Le\ Liihan". cho tff do - ta't ye'u la vd'n de
nhan thffc. Ong viet trong Leviathan: "Ndi den tff
do... la ngam hieu Id khdng cd nhffng chffdng ngai

bSn ngoai. nhffng can trd khdng it lan cd the tffdc
di ciia con ngffdi mdt phan quyen lffc ciia anh ta
mud'n lam gi tuy thich. nhffng khdng the can trd
sff dung quyen lffc cdn lai danh cho con ngffdi,
phil hdp vdi cdi ma phan doan va ly iri ciia anh
la chd'p nhan". |5; 163]
Trong trie'i hpc M a c - Lenin, phai ke de'n cac
ldc pham "Chd'ng Duyrinh" ciia Angghen. Ong
da dffa ra each hicu cd dpng ma sau sac ve tff do
vd la't ye'u "But ky trie't hgc" da td'ng ke't phep
bicn chffng. "Chu nghia duy vdt va chii nghTa
kinh nghiem phe phan" ciia Lenin. Trie'i hoc
Mdc - Lenin thffa nhan cdc quy lual ciia gidi tff
nhien hen ngoai. cac quy luat dd la hinh thffc
hieu hien cua tinh ta't ye'u trong gidi iff nhien
Tinh ta't ye'u trong gidi tff nhidn phan anh
khuynh hffdng van dgng. phdt trien chu ye'u ciia
cac qud trinh tff nhien. Tinh ta't ye'u dd the hien
Liifdi hlnh Ihffc cac quy luat khdch quan. Cac quy
luat dd Iff md cho minh mdt dffdng di. dffdi hinh
Ihffc ta'l ye'u ben ngoai. giffa vd sd' nhffng ngau
allien ben ngoai.
Tuy nhicMi. sff dd'i lap giffa tii't ye'u vd ngdu
nhien chi la iffdng dd'i. Bdi le, nhff Ph. Angghen
ndi: "Cdi ma ngffdi ta qua quye't cho la ta't ye'u
iai hodn loan do nhffng ngau nhien thuan tiiy ca'u
ihanh. va cdi dffdc coi la ngau nhien lai coi Id
hinh thffc. dffdi dd an na'p cai ta't ye'u" [1: 435 4.16|. Vdi viec thffa nhan cac quy luat ciia gidi
tff nhien ben ngodi, triet hpc Mdc - Lenin da dem
lili cd sd khoa hoc cho viec nhan thffc diing dan

Iinh ta't ye'u ciia gidi Iff nhien. Trong chinh the
Ihdng nhd't ciia lhe' gidi. he thd'ng con ngffdi - xa
hgi - tff nhien la khdng the chia cdt dffdc: gidi tff
nhien giff \ai ird quan trgng trong lich sff con
ngffdi. Con ngffdi ed kha ndng cai tao. bie'n doi
va chinh phue gidi tff nhien.
Theo C Mdc. "Mdi giai doan ciia ljch sff deu
gap mgi kci qua \'ai cha't nha't dinh. mdt tong so
nhat dinh nhffng lffc Iffdng san xua't, mdt quan he
- dffdc lao ra tff trong qua trinh lich sff - cua ca
nhan \di tff nhien va vdi nhffng ngffdi khac. quan
he ma mdi the'he nhan dffdc ciia nhffng tien bd'i

cua minh. mdt khdi Iffdng ldn nhffng lffc tffdng
san xua't. nhffng tff ban \a nhffng dieu kien. Tffc
la nhffng thff mdt mat hi the he mdi lam cho bien
ddi di. song mat khac lai quy dinh cho the'he mdi
nhffng dieu kien sinh boat cua chinh the'he mdi
va lam cho the'he mdi cd mdt sff phdt trien nha't
dinh. mdt tinh cha't rieng biet." |2: 54 - 55].
Nhff \ay. tinh ta't \e'u \d hdi dffdc sinh ra tff
hoat ddng ciia con ngffdi irai qua nhieu the he. la
san pham cua qua tnnh phdt trien hch sff, nd bao
gdm: Tinh td'i ye'u ciia sff phat ine'n cac lffc Iffdng
san xua't vat cha't ciia xa hdi; Tfnh td'i yg'u cua
nhffng hanh ddng tich cffe. iff gidc va sdng tao
Clia con ngffdi.
Con ngffdi dffde Iff do chinh la \i ngay cang
chi phd'i dffdc iff nhien va xa hdi mdl each tff
giac. Lenin vie't: "Chffng ndo chiing la chffa biei

dffdc mdl qu\' ludt ciia gidi iff nhien Ihi quy lual
dd. trong khi tdn tai va tac dgng ddc lap va d
ngoai nhdn thffc ciia ta, bie'n ta thanh nhffng nd
le cua "tinh ta't yeu mii qudng". Khi chung ta da
bie't dffde quy Iuat dd. quy luat tac ddng (nhff
Mdc dd nhac lai hdng ngan Idn) khdng le thuoc
vdo y chi cua chiing ta va vao y thffc ciia chiing
ta, thi chiing ta trd thdnh ngffdi chu ciia gidi Iff
nhien" 14:228-229).
Theo quan diem ciia chii nghTa Mac - Lenin.
Iff do khdng phai chi la tff do tff Iffdng ciia mdt
ca nhan mud'n nghT the' nao liiy \. bat chap quy
lual khdch quan ben ngoai, ma Iff do phai la sff
nhan thffc Iinh ta't ye'u \d ldm theo tinh ta't ye'u
do.
Theo quan diem cua chti nghTa Mac - Lenin,
tff do khdng phai chi ia tff do cua cd nhan, ma tff
do cdn la va'n de xd hdi. Chung ta phdn ddi quan
diem cua giai cap iff san chi ndi de'n tff do cd
nhan mdt each tu\et dd'i, tach rdi cd nhan khdi
xa hdi. Ta't nhien. mdt ngffdi cd tff do khi ngffdi
do hieu bie't quy luat khach quan va tff quy djnh
hiinh dgng ciia minh phii hdp vdi quy Iuat khach
quan. Song con ngffdi khdng phai sdng cd ddc
mgt minh (nhff Rd-bin-sdn sd'ng tren hoang dao)
md bao gid cung la con ngffdi xa hgi, cho nen
mdt ngffdi mud'n lam gi. mud'n tff do lffa chpn cai
gi cung khdng the tach rdi khdi cac quan he xa
hdi ma ngffdi dd dang .sdng. Bdi nhff Mac ndt
"Trong linh hien thffc ciia nd. ban chat con ngffdi

la long hda cac md'i quan he xa hdi" \3:251].
So 3-Thdng 2/2020 131


IAP Cll coiinHuoNe
Tff chieu sau tff iffdng eua chu nghia Mac Lenin \ e iff do vd tat \eu. chung ta nhan thffc
sau sac rdng. \d hdi \'iei Nam mud'n tdn tai \a
phai irien phai thffe hien cdng cudc siai phdng
loan dien con ngffdi vd \a hdi \ e cic mat chinh
tri. kinh le. vdn hda. tff iffdng. tinh than. >' thffc
cS nhan va xd hdi... Trong thffc tien each mans
\'iet Nam. Chu tich Ho Chi Minh \a Dang Cdng
san \ let Nam da hien ihffc hda nhdn thffc tren
bdng con dffdng dgc lap dan tde gdn lien \di
chli nghia xa hdi, bang hoc thu\et giai phdng ddi nidi * phdt trien da> tinh sang tao de thffc
hien chli nghia \d hdi hffdng de'n muc tieu; dan
giau. nffdc manh. \a hdi. dan chu cdng bdng va
\dn minh.
La mdt phan khdng the" ihieu ddi vdi sif tdn
lai \ a phal iricn ctia mdi qudc gia, \dn Je \an
hda cung mang irong minh mdt tam quan irgng
to ldn. dac bici la ddi vdi \'iet Nam - mdt qud'c
gia da dan ldc \a cd mdl nen \dn hda lau ddi.
da dffdc vun dap tff ma\ ngan nam dffng nffdc
\a giff nffdc. Do Jd. MCC \dn dung cd hieu qua
ly lu.in mac xit ve tff do % a la'i ye'u irong viec
\a> dffng nen van hda \"iei N.un vffa da dang
\ffa mang dam ban sdc dan ldc Id mdl van de
mang tarn chien Iffdc trong su' nghiep xd> dffng
\d bao \c dai nffdc hien na\.

Tren cdsd nhan ihffc \ J van dung quan diem
mac xil \e iff do va ta't yeu. Niei Nam xac djnh
cho minh mdt hffdng di diing trong linh vffc van
hda. \a\' dffng nen vdn hda \'iei Njm tien lien.
dam J.i ban sac dan ldc.
2. Tff do \ a ta't ye'u trong phat trien nen
\ a n hda \ iet Nam tien tie'n, dam da ban sdc
dan tgc
Viel \.im la mdt qudc gia thude khu \ffc
Ddng Nam A. \"dn hda \"iei Nam la thanh qua
hang nghin nam lao ddng, sdng tao. da'u iranh
kien cffdng trong qua trinh dffng nffdc va giff
nffdc Clia cdng dong cdc dan idc \"iei Nam. la
kei qua cua giao Iffu \a nep ihu tinh hoa ciia
nhieu nen van hda the' gidi Je khdng ngffng
hoan thten minh \'dn hda \'iei Nam dd bun diic
len tdm hdn. khi phach. ban linh \ iei \.im. ldm
rang rd hch sff \ e \ang ciia dan idc la.
M.'tl khac. N'ici N.im Id qudc gia da Jdn tde.
\di 54 ldc ngffdi Ihudc nhieu nhom ngdn ngff
irons ba iisff he chmh Ngu lie \aiii A \di nhdm
So 3-Thang 2 202C

Viet - Mu'dns. nhdm Mdn Khdme. nhom Td> Thai, nhdm Mdng - DdO, nhdm ngdn ngff hdn
hdp vdi cac dan tde La Chi. La Ha, Cdlao,
Pupeo; Ngff he Nam Dao \di cac ddn tpc Giarai.
Ede, Chdm, Raglai. Churu: Ngff he Han - Tang,
\di nhdm Han \d nhdm Tang - Mien
Cac dan tpc thude cac ngff he tren da> Jcu
cd nen \an hda ciia minh. Ne'u cac dSn ldc d

Trffdng Sdn - Tay Ngu\ cn cd mdt truyen thd'ng
Idm tffdng md. nha md nd'i tieng. cd mdt dan
cdng chieng that phong phii \a Jgc dao. cci
nhffng ang sff thi hung trang, thi ngffdi Chdm
3 duyen hai mien Trung lai cd nhffng den thdp,
tac pham dieu kha'c da. nhffng bia ky tren dd.
Neu ngffdi Khdme Nam Bd cd mpt kho lang vdn
hoc phal gido. nghe thual dieu khac \a kie'n iriic
phat gido kha ldn. c6 nhffng ngdi chua la mgi
trung tam vdn hda \a nhieu le hdi ddc ddo lhi
ngffdi Tay - Thai d vung nui cao phia Bdc laicd
nhffng ne'p nha san \inh \dn, cd mdl kho tdng
\an hgc dan gian da dang, phong phii ve the
loai, giau cd ve trff Iffdng ldc pham.
Van hda cd tru_\en. tffdng nhff ra't vffng chiic,
ird nen mong manh irffdc sffc ep cua nen vdn
hda cdng nghiep mang linh toan cau ma nhffng
sieu cffdng dang tranh dua nhau tac ddng I6n
bang \an hda ciia minh. Phai Idm sao de Viel
Nam hdi nhap dffdc vdi the'gidi ma khdng hda
lan ban sac ciia minh. Phdi lam sao xay dffng
mdt nen van hda da tde ngffdi nhffmdt vffdn hoa
mudn sa'c ngan hffdng. mot nen van hda dan tgc
ihd'ng nha't ma da dang, trong dd sff phdt trien
Clia To qud'c gan Hen vdi sff phdt trien ciia tffng
ldc ngffdi. Vd dieu nay da dffdc cdc Nghi quye't
ciia Dang va Nha nffdc ludn khang dinh vd kien
quye't giff vffng. Sff thd'ng nha'l cua van hda Viet
.Nam cd cd sd tff nhien va con ngffdi. Tinh chat
nhiet ddi gid mua qu\ dinh hoal ddng san xu^t

ndng nghiep chu ye'u la trdng lua nffdc. Nguon
gde vd lich sff tpc ngffdi. lich siJ dd't nffdc quy
dinh nhffng xu hffdng phat trien chung ciia lich
sff \ an hda Va d giai doan hien na>. vdi tff cdch
la mot thffc the van hda ciia qud'c gia. vdn hda
\ iet Nam mang nhffng dac tru'ng chung ve >
thffc he. \ e dao dffc. he ihd'ng giao due, ngdn
ngff \ d chff \ iet phd thdng
Neu coi thd'ng nha't van h(>a iff da dang, thi
mud'n Cling cd'sff thd'ng nha't d'\ phai tren cdsd


DUANlRI-qUANIV

sff bdo ldn va phat trien tinh da dang cua van
hda ma d Ja\ the hien rd nha't la da dang van
hda lgc ngffdi va van hda dia phffdng (van hda
viJng). Se khdng cd sff thd'ng nha't van hda vffng
chiic va lanh manh ma lai dffa iren cd sd thuan
nhd'l hda ha> ddn nha't hda. Tuy nhien. ra't tiec
Id qud trinh ddn nha't hda nay, vd tinh hay hffu
y (\d Ihffc hay cd y thffc) dang Id thffc te'dien ra
d nhieu ldc ngffdi hay dia phffdng cua Viet
Nam.
Viec bao ton va lam gidu sac thai van hda
ldc ngffdi va dia phffdng hien cdn chffa dffdc
quan iam dung mffc. Vi vay, thdi gian qua, tinh
da dang van hda tpc ngffdi va van hda vung d
nffdc la cd nguy cd bi gidm slit. Tuy mifc do va
Iinh chS't ciia sff giam siit dd d cdc tgc ngffdi vd

cdc vung la khdng dong deu, nhffng mang tinh
pho bien vd ddng bao dong. Ciing khdng the de
cho sffdong hda ve van hda, dii do la sff "dong
hda tff nhien", dien ra mdt cdch "Iff nhien" nhff
hien nay.
Giao Iffu vdn hda vd sff hgi nhap giffa cdc
cgng ddng vd'n la quy lual chung cua sff phdi
trien van hda nhan loai. Ndi de'n sff hdi nhap d
day la sff hdi nhap giffa cac tde ngffdi trong mdt
qud'c gia, hdi nhap qud'c gia vdi qud'c te'. Dd
cung Id bieu hien ciia md'i quan he giffa bd phdn
va loan the trong mgt hd thd'ng. Mdt cdng dong
ndo tdch minh ra khdi hd thd'ng tffc la se iff lam
mdl di nhffng kha nang, dpng lffc ciia xu hffdng
phdt tricn chung.
Ta'l ca cdc dan tpc trong qud'c gia Viet Nam.
khdng ke dan tgc thieu so'hay da sdcung khdng
the Iff phdt trien rieng re, ma phai hda vdo mot
xu hffdng phdt trien chung cita ca qud'c gia. Dd
la bai hgc nit ra tff sff nghiep giai phdng dan
ldc trffde day. cung nhff sff nghiep cdng nghiep
hda. hien dai hda ngay nay. Day la va'n de cd y
nghia sdng cdn vdi Viet Nam,
Ciin tha'y rdng, mdi cdng dong ngffdi du ldn
hay nhd. da phdt trien hay cdn d trang thai lac
hau, hay cham phdt trien. deu cd mdt ljch sff
truyen thd'ng lau ddi, tich luy vd'n tn thffc va the
hien qua nen van hda cua minh. Dd la mgt nhan
to rai quan trpng. ne'u khdng mud'n ndi la quan
trpng nhat, can phai tinh de'n trong viec tim

kiem con dffdng \d kha nang phat trien cua
cdng dong dd. Bdi vi. khdng the cd mdt cdns

dong ndo tff so' "khdng", tff "hff vd" ma phdi
trien, nd deu xuat phdt tff mdt tru>en thd'ng cu
the nao dd.
Da cd mdt thdi, chting ta qua nhan manh de'n
cdi chung. quy luat chung ciia sff phdt trien cua
cdng dong. it chii y tdi truyen thd'ng. tinh dac
thil. ban sdc rieng ciia mdi cdng ddng tj-ong phal
trien. Tff dd ddn de'n tinh trang dap khudn, dp
dat. duy y chi trong chu trffdng. chinh sdch.
trong hoaeh dinh ke' hoaeh phdt irien. cud'i cung
la hieu qua dat dffdc khdng nhff v niud'n.
Thffc le dd cho tha'y. trong khi boach dinh ke
hoaeh vd tim kiem cac giai phap phdt trien mdi
cdng dong thi, mdt mat. khdng the khdng chii y
tdi he thd'ng chung quy dinh xu hffdng ciia phdi
trien phu hdp vdi qud'c gia va qud'c te'. Mat
khac, quan trong hdn la tff thffc te mdi tpc ngffdi
\a dia phffdng. Iff tinh ddc thu, tff iruyen thd'ng
rieng. tim kie'm cdch thffc vd cdc giai phdp cu
the cho sff phdt irien ciia mdi dan ldc hay dia
phffdng a'y.
Viet Nam la mdt da't nffdc cd nhieu tpc
ngffdi. vdi su" khac biet ve quy md dan so', hoan
canh sdng. dieu kien lich sff, truyen thd'ng vd
ban sa'c van hda. Do vay. chien Iffdc chung ciia
Dang va Nha nffdc la phdt tnen loan dien d mdi
dan tgc, nhffng chiing ta khdng the khdng dac

biet lffu y vdi tinh dac thu vd ban sdc dan ldc a'y
trong cdng ddng cdc dan tpc Viet Nam. Phai
nghien cffu. tim hieu mdt cdch ky lffdng nhffng
mat rieng ay. de tff dd dinh ra nhffng hinh Ihffc,
bffdc di, bien phdp phu hdp vdi mdi virng. mdi
dia phffdng. mdi dan tde.
Nhff viiy. ban than nen \ an hda Viet Nam la
da dang, cpng them sff da dang tff nen van hda
Clia cac qud'c gia tren the gidi. da tao nen sff
phat tnen da dang trong nen vdn hda nhan loai
ndi chung va vdn hda Viet Nam ndi rieng. Tff
do, Viet Nam cd quyen lffa chpn cho minh mgt
dffdng hffdng phat trien van hda phu hdp vdi
dieu kien ciia nffdc minh ma Iai khdng tdch biei
khoi nen van minh tien bd cua nhdn loai.
3. Ke't luan
Tren cd sd nhan thffc vd van dung quan diem
mac xit ve tff do va ta't ye'u, Viet Nam xdc dinh
cho minh mot hffdng di diing trong ITnh vffc van
hda. xd\ dffng nen \an hda mang tinh da dang

So 3-Thang 2/2020 133


lAPCllCOMlllfftllE

\a mang dam ban sdc dan tde.
Cung \di nhan loai, dan toe \ iet Nam da
bffdc sang mdt the ky mdi. Nhdn thffc ciia loai
ngffdi ve \ai Ird. \'i tri ciia van hda da dan lha\

ddi. liep cdn dffdc diing ban chdt cua \an de.
Thdp k\ the gidi phdt trien nang nhan thffc cua
nhan loai %e van hda len iam cao mdi. van hda
la ddng lffc cua sff phat trien. la muc lieu cua sff
phal trien nhff Idi phat bieu cua dng F.Ma\oldng
gidm dd'c UNESCO: "Hd nhd nffdc ndo tff dat
cho minh muc tieu phdt trien kinh te ma tdch rdi
mdi irffdng \an hda thi nhd't dinh se xa> ra nhffng
ma't can dd'i nghiem trgng ca \e kinh le lan \dn
hda va iicm nang sdng iao cua nffdc a\ sc bi su\
\eu rat nhieu" va "Tff nay trd di, vdn hda can
coi minh nhff mdt cd sii\ irffc nep cho sff phdt
trien \a ngffdc lai phai tricn can ihffa nhdn van
hda giff mpt \i iri trung tam. mdl \ai trd dieu liet
xd hdi"

Chinh \i \d>. ddi vdi \ ici N.un \di mpt he
day lich sff ma\ nghin ndm dffng nffdc va giiJ
nffdc. hien dang tren con dffdng hgi nhdp \d h(?p
tac irong xu ihe toan cau da xac dinh chien Iffdc
phdt trien dd't nffdc: cung \di phdt trien kinh te'xa hdi Id khdng dinh vai ird. M tri to Idn ciia \an
hda trong sff nghiep cdng nghiep hda. hien dai
hda da't nffdc.
Quan niem vdn hda la nen tang linh than cua
xd hdi, vffa Id muc lieu, \ffa Id ddng lffc thiie day
sff phat men kinh tc' - \a hdi. la quan niem da
tie'p thu dffdc linh hoa tri lue nhan loai. va Id sir
kc thffa. su* van dung sdng tao chii nghTa .MacLenin va Iff Iffdng Ho Chi Mmh trong hodn canh
\a dieu kien cdch mang Viet Nam hien nay. Dti
la xay dffng va phdt trien nen van hda Viel Nam

\ffa tien lien dam da ban sac dan tde \ffa mang
tinh da dang Id mdt ta't \c'u \a chi cd vay mdi
mang lai iff do Irong ITnh vffc van hda ndi neng
\a trong sff phdt trien chung ciia da't nffdc"

r \ l UFA THAM KHAO:
/ Ph. .Ingi^licn CluuigDuynnli.

\XB Suihdt.Hd

\'oi. 1971.

2.C. Ahn vd Angghen- Tuyen tap. .\'XB Su that. Hd \di. l^SI)
3 C. \liu va.Aiiiihen- Todn tap. SXB Chinh tri qude giu. Hd \,u. 1995. tap 21.
4.C. U,;, vd Anglien: Todn lap. .\\H Chfnh in qudc gia. Hd Sen. 1995. lap 3.
.\C. Mdc vd .Anglien. Todn ldp. \XB Cbinh trj quiyc gia. Hd Ngi. 1995. lap 13.
6C

\hu rd .Anglien: Todn tap WB Chi'nh in quc'ie gia. Hd \'di. 1995, lap 37.

" C \UH \a Aniihen: Todn lap. \XB Chinh tri qtwe uiu. Hd 5Je'i. 1995. ldp I.
S fJang Cdng sdn \ ici Xam Vdn kien Hc)i nghi ldn ihiciu Ban chdp hdnh Trung Ucmg khda VII.
y Dan'.; Cdn;.: sdn \ lei \aiii. Van kien Dai Iwi Dai bieu todn qudc ldn did VIII. NXB Chfnh tri qudc gia. Hd ,\'di.
1W6.
10 Ddng Cgng sdn \ lei Xam \ dn kien Dui hoi Dai bieu loan quoc Idii ihi'f X. NXB Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi,
ndm 2006
11. Ho Chl Maih Todn tap. \XB Chfnh tri cpidi gia. Hd \12.Phgm Vdn Ddng: Vdn hdu vd ddi mdt. WB

Chfnh iri quoc gia, Hd Ne'u, 1994.

LlTrdn Trong Kmr -Miogido". .WBTp. Ho Chi Minh
14 L'BQG vc- Thgpky qudi. te phdt tricn vdn hda. Thdp k\ the gidi plidt trien vdn hda. ,\'XB lift Vdn hda - The'mg
tin.Hd
\dr2002
15 \ adce. .M "Mac - \'lid lU tifdng eua cdi cd the". Vien Thong tin khem hge xa hoi Hd Ndi. 1996. lap 1.
16 VI Lenin: Todn lap. tieii'i \ Hi. WB Ticn bd .Mdi-iccf-xa. 1980. Igp 18.

134 So 3-Thdng 2/2020


QUAN IR!-QUANiV

N|;:i.\ nhan bai: 4/1/2020
N^ii\ phan bi(>n danh gia va sii'a chifa: 14/1/2020
NB;I> cha'p nhan dang bai: 30/1/2020
Tlt<ittt> titi itir giii:

ThS. TRAN THj TlTcn
Tri/dng Dai hgc Sai Gon

VIEWS OF MARXISM - LENINISM PHILOSOPHY ON FREEDOM
AND INDISPENSABILITY IN DEVELOPING AN ADVANCED
VIETNAMESE CULTURE IMBUED WITH NATIONAL IDENTITY
• Master. TRAN THI TUOI
Soi Gon University
ABSTRACT:
Along with the country's socio-economic development strategies, cultural issues have
always been of interest to the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Government of Vietnam.
This article analyzes the views of Marxist - Leninist philosophy on freedom and inevitability,

on ihat basis, creatively applying the principles and views of Marxism - Leninism philosophy
on freedom and indispensability in developing an advanced Vietnamese cullure imbued wiih
national identity.
Keywords: Marxist - Leninist philosophy, freedom, inevitability, culture, national identity.

So 3-Thang 2/2020 135