Bài thuyết trình Ngữ âm

Aspect of connected speech:
Elision & Linking


Our group

Đức Duy

Lê Trang

Phạm Đức

Khánh Hiền

Cẩm Tú


Elision
 The nature of elision may be stated quite simply: certain circumstances sound
disappear. In other words, in certain circumstances, a phoneme may be realized as
zero or have zero realization or be deleted.
 Elision is typical of rapid, casual speech.
 Some types of elision:
•

Vowel elision

•

Consonant elision

3.1. Vowel elision.
- Weak vowel /ə/ disappears before syllabic
consonants /n/, l, r/
•

Canal /knỉl/

•

Correct [krekt]

•

Connect [knekt]

- Weak vowel /ə/ disappear when following aspirated
stops /p, k, t/
•

Today [thdeɪ]

•

Potatoes [phteɪtəʊz]


3.2 Consonant elision

The loss of

middle
stops in

- STOP + STOP + FRICATIVE:
• Acts [ỉkt°s]
• Scripts [skrɪpt°s]

- STOP + STOP + STOP:

- FRICATIVE + STOP + FRICATIVE:

• Looked back [lʊkt°bỉkt]

• Desks[dɛsk°s]

• Stopped killing [stɒpt°kɪlɪŋ]

• Guests[gɛst°s]
• Crisps[krɪsp°s]


 The loss of /t/ in final clusters /-ft/ and /-st/ when followed
by a STAO/NASAL/ FRICATIVE:

01

02

03

Left door [lɛf dɔː]     Last time[lɑːs taɪm]

Left knee [lɛf niː]     Last man [lɑːs mæn]

 Left shoe    [lɛf ʃuː]     Last song[lɑːs sɒŋ]


 The loss of /d/ in final clusters /-nd/ and /-md/ when followed
by LENIS STOP/NASAL:
Kind nurse [kaɪn nɜːs]                      Skimmed milk [skɪm mɪlk]

Canned bacon [kæn ˈbeɪkən]            Seemed good [siːm gʊd]

 The loss of final /v/ in OF +
CONSONANT:
•

Lots of them [lɒtsɒðɛm]

•

Waste of money [weɪsɒmʌni]


Exercise: Identify the feature of connected speech
1

I hope to see him
next year.

2

Tell me the truth
and just say it

 Next year /neksjɪə(r)/

and just /ændʒʌst/

→ Consonant elison

→ Consonant elision

3

4

The baby loves
mashed potatoes.

Let's try a
different approach

Mashted potatoes /mæʃpteɪtəʊ/

Different /dɪfrənt/

→ Consonant elison

→ Vowel elison

Definitio
n

4. LINKING (LIAISON)

Liaison: a transition or link between sounds or words
Liaison: a process whereby a word that ends in a vowel when
pronounced in isolation acquires a final consonant when followed by a
word beginning with a vowel


4. LINKING (LIAISON)
Linking r and intrusive r: Two cases of liaison

Linking r:

a link between words through the articulation of a normally
unarticulated word-final /r/, which is articulated only when preceded by a vowel
in the same word, and followed by an initial vowel in the next word.
Example:
Mother = /mʌꝺә/
They’re here = /ꝺeә hɪә/
It’s far = /ɪts fa:/

Mother and father = / mʌꝺәr әn fa:ꝺә/
Here is your book = /ꝺeәr ɪs jә bʊk/
It’s far away = /ɪts fa:r әweɪ/

“Law and order is important.”


Intrusive r
- Using an r-sound when that sound does not occur in the spelling
in the form of the letter ‘r’.
- The linking of final consonant and initial vowel.
•

not at all    /ˈnɒt ət ˈɔːl/

•

Law and Order     /lɔːrəndˈɔːrdər/


Intrusiv
e j a word
In English, when
ending in /i:/, /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /i/,
/ɔɪ/ is followed by a word
beginning with a vowel,
there is a slight link /j/

Intrusive
A similar case
w is with
linking /w/ the intrusive /w/
when a word ending in /uː/,

/oʊ/, /aʊ/, /ʊ/ is followed
by a word beginning with a
vowel

between two vowels.
•

my eyes /maɪ′ɪəz/

•

day and night /deɪjəndnaɪt/

•

free on Saturday   / friːjɔːn ˈsỉtərdeɪ/

•

go in    /ɡəwʊɪ/

•

two other      /tuːw ʌðəz/

•

too old /tuːwoʊld/

•

how are you /haʊwər ju:/


PRACTICE
Exercise.1: Match the ones on the left with the ones on the right
1. Linking /r/

a. When that sound does not occur in the spelling in the
form of the letter ‘r’.

2. Intrusive /w/

b. When a word ending in /i:/, /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /i/, /ɔɪ/ is followed
by a word beginning with a vowel, there is a slight link /j/
between two vowels

3. Intrusive /j/

c. When a word ending in /uː/, /oʊ/, /aʊ/, /ʊ/ is followed by
a word beginning with a vowel.

4. Intrusive /r/

d. A link between words through the articulation of a
normally unarticulated word-final /r/, which is articulated
only when preceded by a vowel in the same word, and
followed by an initial vowel in the next word.

Exercise:  Listen and decide whether the underlined words
are linked by /r/ or /w/ or /j/ sound.
1. My dog hurt its paw on some broken glass.
A. /w/
B.

/r/

C.

/j/

2.   There was a flaw in the argument.
D. /r/
E.

/w/

C.   /j/
3.   I saw a good film last night
F.

 /r/

G.  /w/
C.   /j/


Exercise:  Listen and decide whether the underlined words
are linked by /r/ or /w/ or /j/ sound.

4.   They employ students.
A. /r/
B.

/w/

C.

/j/

5.   I will buy it tomorrow
D. /r/
E.

/w/

F.

/j/

6. He put his shoe on
A. /r/
B.

/w/

C.

/j/ 

7. Blue is my favourite color.
D. /r/
E.

/w/

F.

/j/


Thank y u f
listening

r