Một số vấn đề cơ bản về hệ sinh thái đầm phá tam giang cầu hai tuyển tập tài nguyên và môi trường biển, tập 3, tr 206 219 (2)

T ii.i n g u y e n

10. T ai

v ii. M 6 i t r u i r n g b ie n .

lie u

ve baa

m oi

N guyen

tv

C hu

III -ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
1996

T ( ip

hoa

phan

H 6 i,

dao

Q uang

Pham

dai

s6 ket
yen

qua

bo

ung

6 Phan

dung

tu

lie u

v ie n H a i

duong

tia « D u e T h a n h ,
N f? u y e n H u u

v ie n

th a rn

hoc

N guyen

Le

tro n g

ta i H a i

C hu

tru e

v a b ie n

dang

bai

b ie n

duong

D in li

cu.

T ran

tr a «

Due

T h q . n h , T r f in D ln h

N guyen

Due

C u , D in li

V a ll

Pham

Hudn,

Lan,

ph6ng

v a ta c

to a n

dong

h e th o n g

hoc

trie u

tro n g

Ldn ,

Q uang

Tudn

H ai

Phong

tu a « ,

V :y , N g u y e n ru

Phuong

Hoa,

T h i K im A n li

d o g io , d o n g

lu u

nho va nhung

vung

nuoc

song

nuoc

yen

be)

b ie n

115
Pham

14. Phan

vung

nuoc

tro i

s in h
bang

th a i

b ie n

phuong

N in h

phap

T h u a n -B in h

th a n h

T huan

phan

V a ll H u t in

tro n g

15. D ac

d ie rn

tra m

ric h

phan
bai

b6

trie u

to n g

ham
cua

v u rig

lu u

lu o n g

song

B ach

122

huynh

s u lfu a

V e in

d ie m

th u y

h6a

vung

b ie n

q u a rt

D ang

128

dao

Co

do

tro n g

d a u tro n g

th o i

g ia n

nuoc

th a n g

b ie n

yen

b c 1 m ie n

T ru n g

duong

tro n g

tra m

tic h

dam

pha

qua

duong

tin h

cua

ro a n

th u c

nang

suat

v ~ lt n o i trn n g

so cap

h~ dam

va

N am
147

T am

V an Luong

G ia n g -C a u

m o t s 6 h ie u
pha
Do

338

142

o te u

1 2 /1 9 9 4 -0 1 /1 9 9 5

N guyen

19. K et

C~

N in h )

Van

V ie t

Pham

D in h

Due

T o (O w in g

Luu
17. N ong

sat

tro n g

N guyen

16. D ac

rn u a

c h in h

La

18.

103

ca.

tta u

N guyen

Q uang

hoan

c a c v in h

L tin ,

V (IIZ

D in li

Son,

N guyen

13. M o

93

V an H uy, N guyen

V a ll

Pham

Do

14,

cuu

Phong

N guyen

1 2 . C tiu

T ie u

Nhu

n g h ie n

H 6 i,

C u, N guyen D ue

8 9 WVUTSRQPON

tia « D u e T h a n h ,

T rung,

T r a n D in lt L d n ,

N guyen A n,

11. M ot

L o n g GFEDCBA
Vy

B ach

am

qua

G ia n g -C a u

T r Q llg

eu«,

H ai

154

DUe Cu .

d in h
H ai
D O ( ln

163

eo

T iii n g u y e n v ii M 6 i tr u b n g b iln .

a r e a o f ~ is tr ib u tio n
is la n d is p r e d o m in a n t
a n d m a in ly fr o m

in d ic a te s

th a t th e m e c h a n ic a l

T ( tp I I I - srqponmlkjihgfedc
1996

w e a th e r in g p r o c e s s

o v e r th e o th e r a n d u n d e r g r o u n d - a te r

o n th e

s o u r c e is n o t m u c h

th e r a in . KJIHGFEDCBA

*
*

*

VE

TAl LltU'1\l{)1
BAo TV PHAN HOA
DAO B~CH LONG v Y
N g u y ln

C h u 1 /O i, P h a m

Q uang

T r iin D t i c T h a n h , N g u y l n

T rung",

Q uocA n*,

T r iin D in h . L tin , L € N h tr

T ie u CBA
*

Dao Bach Long Vy con co ten goi la Hoa Mi (Nightingale), narn giua
vinh Bac B¢, co toa d¢ dja ly 20°07'35"-20°08'38" v a 107°44'15", each Hai
Phong 136 km ve phia dong nam. Dao ndi rong 2,5km 2 , neu tinh ca them
da ngap trieu, dao rong 3,7km 2 . Dao la mot qua dOi,. ndi len tren vung
dong bang ngarn c6 do, sau 30m, d¢ cao tuyet d6i Ion nhat cua dao 6 1 ,S m .
Bach Long Vy la dao D~ Tam duy nhat tren vung bien Viet Nam. Tren
dao ndi, da goc l¢ khong lien h;IC do bi phu duoi lop vo phong h6a, cac
tich tu nguon gdc phong thanh va cac tram tich bien thuoc cac loai them
cao 10-15m, 4-6m, 2-3m tudi Pleixtoxen muon va Holoxen. Da goc l¢ rong
khap tren vung them trieu rong 1,2km 2 . 0 suon ngarn dao, da gee duoc

quan sat thdy l¢ lien tuc den. khoang d¢ sau 10m va con 1¢ den d¢ sau
23m, be mat hi phu boi lop mong cuoi cat bo roi. Rieng b phan suon ngam
phia dong v a dong b~c dao, da g6c l¢ hoan toan tren dien rong hon 4km2..
N6i chung cau tao phan lop va the narn da khong co gi khac biet voi phan
dao ndi va phan them trieu, tuc la duong phuong chu dao dong bac - tay
nam, g6c huong doc 310-320°, g6c doc 5-20°,
Do xa dat lien va khong c6 dieu kien khao sat, truce day Saurin E. cho
rang Bach Long Vy cau tao tu da voi Cacbon gi6ng nhu vjnh H~ Long b gan
d6. Mai sau nay, ong cung Fontaine, rnoi c6 dip ra khao sat va phat hien thay
• v le n

D a u k h i,

Ha

NOi

89


va

Ta! nguyen

T ( ip III - 1 9 9 6 srqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCB

M O i tr tr ir n g M I n .

mot dang mat cat chua duoc biet den va tarn xep tuoi tram

tich Bach Long

1/500.000
Vy van Neogen [6]. Trang KJIHGFEDCBA
c o n g trinh do ve I~p ban do dia chat
Mien Bac Viet Nam, Dovjicov va dong nghiep cung dfl xep tram tich dao Bach
Long Vy van Neogen [2]. Sau nay Tran Van Tri va dong nghiep dfl co dip
khao sat kha chi tiet dja chat dao Bach Long Vy [9]. Theo cac tac gia nay, be
day tram tich Neogen

dao quan sat dUQC day 230m, thanh

ket, bot ket dang nhip, tv
hoa thach

chu yeu cat
phu cac

thuc v~t va di tich bao tit pha:-- hoa d(lC trung cho mot truong
dan tv dieu kien dam Jay can nhiet

dia chuyen

Cac hoa thach

tho.

phan

thap den phan cao deu g~p phong

phan

la n t e n o is i,

thuc v:}t tieu

sp.

Fagus

bieu

moi truong

chau

gom co: Q u e r c u s b o n n ie r i,

Q ,c f.

ddi sang

sp. L its e a

C a s ta n o p s is

luc

m a g n ific a ,

P ersea

in d ic a , CBA

.L

C in n a m o m u m

c ] , p o lim o r p h u m ,

C{lC di tich

v .v .

ban

tv

phan

hoa

S e lla g in e lla

c ] , r e tr ig e r a , L ig o d iu m

M e ta s e q u o i

sp., P a lm a e ,

sp., C o m u s

P o ly d a n a

Dua

theo

c].

t

ie u b ieu

gbrn

co:

sp., P in u s 'sp., A lic s

o r ie n ta lis ,

A ln u s

sp., P h r a g m ite s

P o ta m o g e to n

a u s tr a lis ,

Q uercus

C a s ta n e a

di tich thuc vat, bao tv phan

sp.,

Sphagnum

sp., T a x o d ir e n i

illf~ .c l( ) r ia ,

sp., S p o tu c e a e

V.v.

hoa va thanh

phan

cac tac gia nay dfl thanh

I:}p h~ tang

Bach

Long

nay gorn hai phan,
bv).

duoi Mioxen

tren

(Ny bv) va phan

phan

( ) : ! .lin g e lls is .

sp.,

sp.,

N yssa

thach

hoc,

Vy (Ny=~ bv). H~ tang

tren

Plioxen

d u o i (N !

Thuc

de t a i dip bo quan Jy "Dieu tra danh g i a dieu k i e n tv n h i e n
vung bien quanh dao Bach Long VY';jdo Phan vien Hai Duong

h ie n

va tai nguyen

H9c tai Hai Phong
10/1995.
hanh 0
duoi

Ngoai
vung

bien

chu tri, mot dot khao sat dci duoc tien hanh van thang

C{lC noi dung

day bien quanh

voi thlet

khac,

khan

sat dia chat

ngarn

dci dUQC tien

dao, den d(l sau 23m. Khao sat dia chat ngarn
Ja.n dau tien duoc

thuc hien 0

khu dao Bach Long Vy nam giua vinh Bac Bo va dci thu duoc

ket qua thu

vi. MOt trong
phan

nhung

ket qua

hoa va turii da gee tram

Trang
chuyen

bi l~n (diving

SCUBA)

do la viec phat

hien

tu lieu

moi ve bao

tv

tich d suon ngarn dao.

so cac mau da goc thu 0 day bien bang bua dja chat va dao garn

dung, hai mau BLV II lay d dQ sau 5m (so voi muc nuoc thap

nhat)

d phia dong nam dao va BLV III cung 0 do sau 5m 0 phia tay bac dao
dUl.1Ctien hanh phan tich b a o tv phan tai phong C o sinh, Vien Dau khi Ha
Noi. Hai
II co chua

mau

naydeu

nhieu

la set - bot ket mau xarn den phot

vay mica. Ket qua phan

. mot t~p hop bao tv phan

90

hoa kha phong

luc. Mau

tich buck dau dft phat
phu gom:

BLV

hien duoc


•

T iii n g u y e n

C o r s in ip o lL e n ite s
pachyderm us

G o th a n ip o - llis

V e r r u c a r to s p o r ite s

u s m e n s is

A ln ip o lle n ite s

0

lie n ite s

n a n h a ie n s is

T r ic o lp ite s

P e r c ic a r io ip o lle n ite s

Oligoxen
BQ). Phan
Beibu

lo n g ic o lp u s

L iq u id a m b u r p o llc n iic s

m in u tu s ,

la nhung

b a s s e n s is ,

dang

nhu {j Viet Nam va Trung
Trung

Trong hai mau
ve so IUQng, chiern
rat quan trong cua
Nam A [5], Trung

trong

tram

tich

(Ao ham Loi Quynh,

tudi

pharr bo tir Eoxen

co tudi
vjnh Bac

tdi Oligoxen

da ngam nay, phan P in u s p o lle n ite s
gap rat phong KJIHGFEDCBA
phu

toi 60 - 70% thanh phan phuc he, day la mot tieu chuan
cac tram tich Oligoxen 6 nhieu noi thuoc khu vue Dong
Ouoc [11], cOng nhu d Bac Viet Nam.

cac phdn

u s m e n s is ,

n a n h a ie n s is ,

tuy

T s u g a p o lle n ite s

chi gap

Oudc) [1].

Bao T v V e r r u c a r to s p o r ite s
C r a s s o r e titr ile te s

pachydcrm us,

V e r r u s tr ic o lp o r ite s

Quoc

co khoang

C o r s in ip o lle n u e s

(bien

- srqponmlkjihgfedc
/996

T s u g a p o lle n ite s
C r a s s o r e titr ile te s

G o th a n ip o llis

T ( lp /1 /

b a s s e n s is

R e titr ic o lp ite s

Phan

b ie n .

m h o r p o lle n it e s m in u tu s

V e r r u s tr ic o lp o r ite s

P in u s p

{j

L iq u id a

v ii M 6 i tr u ir n g

T r ic o lp ite s

co khoang

tudi

A ln ip o lle n ite s ,

P e r o ic a r io ip o lle n ite s

lo n g ic o lp u s ,

b6

d a i b ie u

rat dien hinh, d~c trung va thuong thay trong tram tich Oligoxen
• Nam A , Trung Ouoc va cac gieng khoan sau c:1 them luc dia Viet

d Dong
Nam.

tudi
tram

Oligoxen
tich

va

phan

phan

phan

sunn

day,

xam tan trong
1 d ia

duoi

T ra n

tich Palynofacies

ngarn

Van·

nhung

tich so bO bao ta phan

th a y

T ri

d:1 xac

bien cua

duoi

tich so b o dia hoa elm cho
IH, thuoc Karogen kieu II.
T ru c e

ro n g

va

hoa d:1 cho phep

d in h

tuong

dinh

Sapropel

Bach Long Vi.

dao

Ket

cho

qU~1p h a n

hai rndu nay tot ve TOe,

rat tot ve S2 va

dong

h ie n

n g h ie p

[9 ] d a

phat

ra Asphalt

cac 1 0 hong va khe nut cua cat ket - bot ket, voi cO hat tu

2mm den 5 - 6mm va co ham IUQng tang dun xu6ng p h a n thap c u a
tang. Asphalt . d u o c coi la sari pharn thu sinh (oxi hoa) cua dau.khl
sau long dat dua

len. Nhin

mat thuong,

n6 co mau

nhe don, hoa tan hoan toan trong dung dich Cloroforrn
vang tuoi duoi anh sang tim. Asphalt
khi

la

va

nhung

Nhu vay ket qua

phan

R e titr ic o lp ite s ,

khu

Sapropel

vue

dao

cho tram

Bach

Long

nau,

anh

cot

tir

nhua,

va phat quang

mau

duoc coi la dtlu hieu gian tiep ve dau

Vi. Ket qua

dinh

tudi

Oligoxen

tich phan suon ~gam dao giup therntu

va tuong

lieu cho cue nha

kien tao, dja v~t Iy va dia chat dau khi. Dac biet, ket qua nay cho phep

hy

91


T a i n g u y in

v a M o i t r u im g b ie n . T ( ip /1 / - srqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCB
/996

.v~mg'l~c quan ve trien vong dau khi them luc dia vinh Bac KJIHGFEDCBA
Bo,
Tuy nhien, day rnoi chi la ket qua so bo, can duoc khao sat, nghien cuu
tiep tuc, dac biet phat huy uu the cua khao sat dia chat day bien trang bi
~hi tai diving SCUBA.
TAl LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bare - de Cruz, 1982.

Palynological zonation and Palaeogeographical
Beibu borewell, China sea.

evolution

of the site.

2. Dovjicov, A. va nnk, 1965.

Dia

chat

mien Bac Viet Nam. Tong

C\lC

Dia chat. Ha

n o i,

3. Germeraad, J. 11. et al. 1968.

Palynology
of Tertiary sediments
International Petrollum Maatchappij,

from tropical
areas. Bataafse
the Hague (the Netherlands).

4~ Morley, R. J. 1991.'

, Tertiary stratigraphic palynology in Southeast

new direction. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bulletin.

Asia: current

status and

5. Muller, J. 1966.

Montane pollen from the Tertiary of NW. Borneo. Blumea - vol.XIY, No. 1.
6. Saurin, E. 1956.

Lile Bach Long Vi (golfe du Tonkin) 'Bull. Soc. de France. Ser. 6, t. 6,
fase, 6.
'
7.. Shong Zhi Chen et al. 1985.

A research on Cenozoic Palynology of the Longjing Structural Area in
the shelf basin of the East China sea (Donghai) region. Anhui science
and technology publishing house.
8. South Sea branch of Petroleum Corporation of the People Republic of China, 1981.

Tertiary paleontology of North continetal shelf of South China sea.
Ouangdong science and technology press. 23 March, 1,980.
9. Trltn Van Tr] va nnk, 1977.

Dia chat dao Bach Long Vi. Dia chat so 132. Ha NQi.
10. Zaklinckai, E. D., 1963.

Phan hat kin va y , nghia cua no doi voi dja tang Creta
Paleogen. Moskova. (Tieng Nga).

92

thuong

va


T a i n g u y e n v a M { J i tr u im g h i/n .

- srqponmlkjihgfedcb
1996

T ( ip I I I

11. Zhyang Yi - Yong, 1995.

Outline of Palaeogene
palynofloras of China. Nanjing Institute
Geology and Paleontology. Academia Sinica, Nanjing 210008.

of

SUMMARY
NEW PALYNOLOGICAL DATA IN BACH LONG VI ISLAND
Nguyen Chu Hoi, Pham Quang Trung, Tran Due Thanh,
Nguyen Quoe An. Tran Dinh Lan, Le Nhu Tieu CBA
M a n y y e a r s a g o , a g e o lo g ic a l s u r v e y w a s c a r r ie d o u t o n th e e m e r g e d p a r t

o f th e B a c h

21bv)

w as

Long

d e te r m in e d

s u b m a r in e

g e o lo g ic a l

s e a flo o r

around

O c e a n o lo g y .
s e d im e n ta r y
in d ic a te s

V i I s la n d

The

fo r

th e

s e d im e n ta r y

th is

is la n d

s a m p le s

th e O lig o c e n e

b y s c ie n tis ts

a n a ly s is

P lio c e n e

bedrocks,

a g e (N 12 -

R e c e n tly ,

th e

.

s u r v e y w ith . d iv in g S C U B A

in itia l

bedrock

a n d th e la te M io c e n e - e a r ly

h a s b e e n p r a c tic e d

o f th e H a i

o f P a ly n o lo g y

Phong

fir s t

o n th e KJIHGFEDC

I n s titu te

a n d P a ly n o fa c ie s

fo r

of

som e

e x p o s e d o n th e u n d e r w a te r s lo p e o f th e is la n d

a g e a n d S a p r o p e l fa c ie fo r th e m .

*
*

MOT

o

*

SO

KET QUA V N G DVNG TlJ LI~U vlf:N THAM
TRONG NGHI~N CVU DAI VEN BO
PHAN VltN HAl DlJONG HOC T~I HAl PHONG
T r lin D u - c T h ( ln h , N g u y ln

cs«

H O i,

V a n H u y , N g u y ln

H tr u

Cu,

D ln b

N g u y ln

D u -c

0 ) ',

T r lin D in " 'L a n ,

N g u y ln

I.

Q uang

T u lin

MO DAU

Trang nhung narn qua, cac tu lieu anh ve tinh cua Phap (Spot), My
(Landsat) va cua Nga (Chao mung) da d u o c su dung kha r o n g rai trong
mot so linh vue nghien cuu dai yen bo tai Phan vien Hai duong h9C tai Hai
93