Đánh giá hàm lượng kim loại nặng (đồng, chì và kẽm) trong nước biển tại một số xã đảo ven bờ việt nam

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CONTENTS

G TRAo o6l
t:l

-

rnAo ruAN

rs. ucuyEN TRUNG tni.Nc, trs. NcAN ncgc

Tdn thdt vh thiQt hai do bi6n ddi khi h{u: Nhfrng v6ndd

tsl

vy
dit

ra cho

vi€t Nam

sA rneNu slEN
Antr hrrOng ctra r6c

thii nhua ddn

hQ sinh

thrli bidn

lrol

TS. NGIIYf;N CONG THANH, PGS.TS rr, TUU HOA, rS. NCUYEN U4U U.i.NC
Hi6u qui cira mgt s6 gi6i ph6p giim 6 nhi6m kh6ng khi d6 thi tren th6 gidi

It:]

TS. NGUYiIU
HINH
Kdt qui ddu trl m6y ph6t di6n khi sinh hoc xr1 ly 6 nhi6m m6i tntdng t4i cictrang tr4i
chin nu6i

lrel

rgf

Ths. TRAN MrEN, Ths. NGr.rynN rau rlNH, Ths. D6 MANH
bii thii m6 virng than eu6ng Ninh

Trdng ciyphtr xanh

G rfr
lzr)

ofiNc

QUA NGHIEN CUu KHoA HQC vA LTNG DVNG CONG NGHE

LE VAN QUY,

tE vAN LINH, NGUYEN ANH DUNG

9:g dt$.9rg.u
kh6ng khi cho

k6t n6i song song m6 hinh wRF - CMAQ d6nh gi6 n6ng dQ mgt s6 chdt 6 nhi6m

ViQt Nam

Application of WRF-CMAQ two way model for estimation of air pollutant concentrations
in Viet Nam

lzz)

lrrl

PHAM nA.t g.i.Nc, NGUYEN KIEN
Ung dung c6ng nghQ bd sinh h9c k6t hgp mang khi nAng dd xrl lf 6 nhi6m nrr6c
th6i gi6t md tii c6c Id
gi6t md lqn tdp trung quy m6 phdng thi nghiQm
Performance of bioreactor and airlift mbr for lab-scale treatment of slaughterhouse
wastewater in urban
areas of Viet Nam
NGI.]"T6N HA LINH, NGUYEN THU

HIf;N

XAy dgng b6n dd cinh b6o khu vgc c6 nguy co

xiy

ra

l[

qu6t trdn dia ban huyQn Hoing Su phi, tinh Hd Giang

Building flash flood warning map in Hoang su phi district, Ha Giang province

ltz)

CAI ANH TO
Dd xudt co sd khoa

hgc-v quy trinh phin vung ch{t lrrgng nti6c s6ng theo mgc dich sit dung
Proposed the scientific basis and zoning proceis"s of riveiwate, q,riity by purpose
of use

l++l

PHAM THI BICH TH{TY
Ph6t tridn bdn vtlng du lich sinh th6i t4i Khudrt-trrl sinh quydn thdgi6i qudn d6o
Cdt Ba, Tp. Hai phong
To conserve the biodiversity of the Cat Ba World biosphere reserve"from the perspective

of developin[

eco-tourism
l+g)

rn xuAN SINH, NGUYEN vAN gAcH
D6nh gi6 him-lrrgng kim lo4i n4ng (ddng, chi vi k6m) trong nddc bidn r4i mQt s6 x6
d6o ven bd Vi6t Nam
Assessment of heavy metal concentration (copper lead and zinc) in the seawater
environment in typical
coastal island communes




GffiO i trudng
hQ vi 2.200 ngrtdi, c6 vi tri quan trgng vd qu6c phong
vh an ninh cira tinh Binh Dinh. Trong khi d6, *a NuD-1 (nim trong qudn dio Nam Du) bao gdm 10 hdn
d6o ldn, nh6, v6i dAn s6 khoing 3.611 ngrldi, c6 nhidu

didu ki6n tri nhi6n - xn hQi dd ph6t tridn khai th6c
nu6i trdng h6i sin k6t hqp v6i du lich sinh th6i.

vi

Tuy nhi6n, ba x6 dio cdn h6i tu nhrlng dac didm
chung nhrr ddu c6 didu ki6n tU nhi6n vh KT-XH cdn
hoang sd, chua c6 m6 hinh KTX pht ho. p. Ngoiri ra,
c1c x! dio niy con dang bi 6nh hrrdng b6i cai th6ch
thrlc li6n quan d6n-ONMT, 6nh hridng cira bidn ddi

khi h{u. Trong d6, ONMT dic bi€t h nguy co 6 nhi6m
kim loai ning trong nrJ6c bidn ld mQt th?cir thrlc to l6n
ddi v6i ci ba khu v{c nghi6n citu tr6n con dtidng xAy
dgng m6 hinh KTX vi kha ning tdn lrru lAu dii tiong
g6c hop phdn m6i trddng vi khi ning tich luy tnn[
ddn theo chu6i thrlc dn se giy nnh htrdng xdu ddn do]
s6ng vi srtc kh6e con ngridi. Nguy co tllng cao theo
po1Si11li do sd gia tlng ddn s6 vilnhu cdtiph6t tridn
kinh td k6o theo srr ph6t sinh ldn c6c chdt thii c6 chrla
kim lo4i ning ra m6i tnrdng bidn t4i ba x6 dio.
Kim lo4i nSng li khdi ni6m chi nhrrng kim lo4i c6
nguydn tii hiong cao vi thudng c6 d6c linh cao d6i
y6i sU s6ng ctra con ngrldi vi sinh vAt. Kim lo4i n4ng
hiQn diQn trong tg nhi6n d m6i tnldng ddt va nrrdi
nlru$ him lrtgng ctra chring thrrdng tlng cao do c6c
tdc dQng cfia con ngrioi. Ngu6n kirnloai nang di vio
mdi tntong ddt vi nrldc do c6c ho4t dgng nhin sinh
nhrt: B6n phin, thu6c blo v0 thgc vat, khai kho6ng,
sin xu{t_c6ng nghiQp, giao th6ng, nu6i trdng thiryhii

sin... [1]

nhidu th6ng sd kim loai n4ng drro.c chring t6i
.C6
nghidn crlu t4i ba x6 dio theo quy chudn cira nrr6c bi6n
yen bo nhu: Cu, Zn, Cd,As... Tuy nhi€n,
trong kfrudn
kh6_ ctra bii b6o niy, chring t6i tap trung ngtidn crlu
ba thdng s6 Cu, Pb vdZn do nguylo pnat tfrai ra m6i
tnlong v6i him lrtong cao tai ci ba khu vrJc nghidn crlu

til c6c hoat d6ng nhAn sinh.
Ddng (Cu) hkim loai miu quan trong d6iv6i c6ng

nghi€p vi ki thuAt, drrgc sir dung ph6 bi6n trong sin
xudt dAy din di6n vi hqp kim. Ngoii ra, do .O t na
ning din nhi€t t6t vd chfu in mdn, Cu cdn dttgc dirng
ch6 t4o c6c thi6t b! trao kh6ng, ch6 t4o ndi hoi, 6ng d6n ddu vi din nhi6n li6u.
M6t s6 ho. p chdt cira d6ng drroc str dtrng ldm chdt miu
trang tri mi thult, chdt li6u trir n6m m6c vd c6 thu6c
tnl sdu trong n6ng nghiQp. Ddng li nguydn td vi ltrong
cdn thi6t trong co thd ngrldi, c6 nhidu vai trd sinh lli
nhrt: Tham gia vho qu6 trinh tao hdng cdu, b4ch cdu
vd li thdnh phdn cira nhidu enzyrn. Tuy nhi€n, khi tich
tU d6ng vdi him lUong cao trong cd thd ngrldi c6 thd
gAry ra m6t sd b6nh li6n quan d6n gan, th{n, nao...
[1]
Trong khi d6, ngu6n ph6t sinh chi (pb) ra m6i
J

50 I Chuydn dd

ilt, thdng 9 ndm 201 8

trtldng phdn l6n rii c6ng nghiQp luy€n kim, sin xuift
pin, acquy, c6c v{t liQu d6nh UAt frai s6n... Chi vd cric
hgp chdt cira chi dtrgc xdp viro nh6m dQc t6 d6i v6i co
thdcon ngudi [1]. Chi c6 thdxAm nh{p vio co thdcon
nqudi qua c6c qu6 trinh trao d6i ch6t nhrr: U6ng (nrrdc
u6ng), hit thd (kh6ng khi), ti6u h6a (in cac loai dgng

thgc v{t). D6i vdi srlc kh6e con ngddi, nhi6m dQc chl
se gay rl eic bQnh vd tai, m6u, gan, xudng... T16 em
thrrdng 6i ann hrrdng nghi6m trong hon b6i t6c nhan
chi, d{c biet h tr6 dri6i 6 tu6i vi h€ thdn kinh c6n non
ydu vh khi ning thii dQc chdt ctra cd thd ph6t tri6n
chua hoin thiQn [1].
Zn c6 tinhbdn urng cao n6n s6 tdn tai r{t l6u trong
mdi trrrdng. Zn xim nh{p vio c6c h6 sinh th6i m6i
tnldng th6ng qua c6c hoat d6ng c6ng nghiQp khai
kho6ng, cdng nghidp sei tdng hop, sin xu6t vi sr1
dung thudc di6t ndm... [1] D6i v6i con ngrrdi vi m6t s6
sinh v{t, Zn li mQt vi ch6t c6loi, tham gia vio thinh
phdn cdu trric td bio, girip tnng crldng didu hoa vi trao
ddi chdt trong co th6. Tuy nhi6n khi ti6p xric v6i Zn
tai mQt ndng dg l6n, con ngUdi se bi mQt s6 c6c trigu
chrlng nhrl n6n mtla, mdt nu6c, h6n m6, t6n thudng
tuy6n tuy, vi suy thdn.
2. Phqm vi

vi

phuong ph6p nghidn crlu

2.1. PhqmvinghiAnciru

_ Ph4m vi nghidn crlu: 3 dgt khio s6t ch6t luong nrtoc
drigc U6n hinh tai 3 x6 df,o trong thoi gian hai nlrn

Hii (nim 2017),x6 Nhon ChAu vi x6 Nam Du
(nem 2018). Tai m6i x6 dio, c6c c6nbQ khoa hqc ta

Vi6n Tii nguy6nvi Mdi tnrdngbidn, VAST tidn hinh
thu miu tai 15 tram (tdng la 5 mit c6t, 3 tr4m/t m{t
cit) tlai diQn cho tohn b6 m6i tnldng nudc bidn cria
x6 ViQt

c6c

xi dio, tai m6i tram l:hio

s6t ti6n

hinh thu mflu
tri c6ch

nrrdc tdng m4t vi tdng d6y. C6c tram dudc b6
bd t6i da li 5 lan.

Vi tri cic tram thu mflu
Hinh 1,2,3.

drto.

c trinh bdy trong cic

LHinh 1. Vi tri cdc tram khdo s6t xung quanh xa ddo Vi(t
Hdi (Hdi Phdng) ndm 2017


rEr quA ucurEN cuu KHoA Hoc
vA tNc DUNG cONc Ncup

LHinh 2. Vi tr{ cdc trqm khdo sdt xung quanh xd ddo Nhon
Chhu (Binh Dinh) ndm 2018

LHinh 3. Vi trf cdc tram khdo sdt xung quanh xd ddo Nam
Du (KiAn Giang) ndm 2018

2.2. Philongphdp nghihn cfiu
MQt hQ phrrong phdp nghidn crlu vd d6nh gi6 ch6t

th{p t4i m4t c5t I vi V. Gi6 rri him luong Cu cao nhdt
dugc phdt hiQn tai m6u nrl6c tdng mit cia tram MCI_
3 (dat 9l_,541tgll). Trong khi d6, kh6ng ph6t hi6n Cu
trong miu nridc tdng diy tai tram MCt_2. D6i chi6u
v6igi6tri thdp nhdt cira eCVN 10-MT: 2O|5/BTNMT
gQt 1 (VirnS nudi trdng thiry s6n, bio tdn thiry sinh)
(20-01tg/1) [2] thi him lrrong Cu trong m6i
tnrong nrr6c
bidn tai c6c tram khio s6i xa Vi6t Uai Aeu th6! hon

.

Ittgng m6i trttong d6 drtgc stt dUng, bao g6m c6c
phuongph6p truydn thdngnhrr: K.f rhuatHyire.r, bao
quin vi xir lj, mdadugc thuc hi6n theo ti6u ihudn ViQt
Nam 5998-199s (ISO 5667-9:L992) t4l.Ti6n hinh thu
miu nrl6c bing rhi6t bf ldy miu nrrdc bidn chuydn
dUng dmg Niskin (5 lit). C6c miu ntr6c drroc thu t4i
ti.1g r"at vi tdng d6y d6i voi cic tr4m c6 dd siu >5m.
Miu nrl6c tdng mit dugc thu c6ch m{t nudc lm, miu

nrl6c tdng d6y drroc thu c6ch d6y lm.

. - Cdc phrtong ph6p phAn tich kim loai ning bing m6y
hdp
phq nguyen ttr AA5-660I theo TCVN' 6193:1996
vi ISO 8283:1986 [5].
Ngodi ra, nh6m tdc gii cfrng sil dung phuong ph6p
xu ly sd li6u theo th6ng tir vd Htidng ain aam bio ch6t
lrrgng, kidm so6t ch{t lu-ong trong-quan tric vi ph6n
tich. m6i t-rudng dd loai b6 tac .ui ,8, c6c kdt q,ri Uat

thrtong [6].
3. Kdt

qui nghi6n crlu

3.1. Hdm Mqng kim logi Cu trong

itio venbd
a.

nt6c hidn

3 xd

Xa ViAt Hdi

GHCP, chrla c6 ddu hidu 6 nhi6m Cu.

xa Nhdn ChAu

qu6 him lrrong Cu trong nd6c bidn khu vtlc xi
Nhol Chdu trJong d6i ddng ddu girra c6c tram khio
dQng trong khoing ttr 54,g1 _ 70,321tgll,trung
.slt,.dag
binh d4t 64,261tg11. Cs thd, gi6 trf hnm ltrqng Cu caJ
+l1auq: phdt hiQn tai miu nrr6c tdng d6y itra tr4m
MCI-I - khu vrJc b6i tim cira xi dio Nhon'ChAu, thu
h-u! dgng dio khdch du lich n6n luu girl nhidu lo4i
chdt th6i rin khdc nhau, trong d6 c6 c6iloai ch6t thai
cf{a
lo4i. Trong khi d6, gi6 tri him lrrgng Cu th6p
$m
$1! q.iq. lip thdy trong m6u nd6c tdng aai t4i tr4m
MCIV-2. Vd sg phAn
thing dfng cria'thdng s6 bu
_b6
trong cdt nddc, c6c din liQu tir Hinh 5 cho thiy him
klOng C-u t{p trung nhidu hon 6 tdng ddy (10/15 tram)
so vdi tdng mit (5/15 tram) (Hinh s).
b.

xn viet irni

Xi Nhm Chlu

I

970

a&

i0
40

LHinh
sdt

4. Hdm
xa ViAt Hdi

Theo Hinh 4, kdt qui him ltio. ng Cu trong nU6c
bidn khu 4tc x6 Vi6t Hai kh6ng ddng ddu giaa c6c
tram kh6o s6t, thttdng cao tai mat cii II, If, IV vd

trong ni6c bidn tai cdc tram khdo

Qua Hinh 5, Ddi chidu v6i eCVN 10-MT: 2015/
ITNMI cOt 1 (Virng nu6i trdng thfiy s6n, bio t6n
thtry sinh) (2001tg/1) t2l thi him Lrgng Cu trong m6i

Chuydn dd ilt, thiing 9 nem 20t8 I 5l



rEr euA NGHTEN crJu KHoA Hoc
"

gi6tri him luo. ng pb gitra hai tdng ntt6c, tti
-_ lo f$
cho thdy, him higng fb ep trung nh]6u hon d

Tr"h.8
FlFd|y \12115 tram) so vdi tdng m{t. {i6rrg tai tram
M9v.-2,-khdng ph6t hi€n drlgc ham lrro.ng"tb t.orrg

tdng mdt vi tdng d6y. Th"Uc t6, trari
3j!1U1en"ca-trong
yCV-? gdn hdn Ddu, c6 m6i tnrong nridc trong s4ch,
il t1u thuydn qua l4i vi it ngudn ph6t ,irrh ch{t thii

chrla kim loai n4ng.
c.

XdNamDu

*

_ _Y1lry_c*PyNg goryc NGHE

Qua Hinh 10, kdt qu6 him lrro. ng Zn trong nd6c
bidn khu vrrc x6 Viet Hai kh6ng ddng ddu gifla c6c

tram kh6o s6t. C6 4/t5 tr4mkh6ng ph6t hiQn dttgcZn
trong nrtdc bidn (ci tdng m4t vi tdng ddy) bao gdm:

MCI-2, MCII-3, MCIII-3, MCIV_3. Ham lud.n; Zn

ph6t hi6n dugc bi6n thi6n trong khoing
28,87 ygll, trung binh dqt 9,9 4pryll.
Gi6 tri him lrrong

til

8,04 d6n

Zn caonhdt dttoc tim th6y trong

miu nrl6c tdng d6y t4i tr4m MCI-I (2S,87qgll) th{p
hon GHCP quy dinh trong eCVN 10_MT: 2015/
BTNMT cQt I (Vring nu6i trdng thiry sin, b6o tdn
thtry sinh) (500pg/l) hon l7ldn, do d6 chua c6 ddu

hi6u d nhi6m d5i v6i kim loai Zn
[2].
Vd sU phin bd th8ng drtng cira th6ng s6 Zn trong
c$t nu6c, tii Hinh 10 cho thdy, him lu gngZnt{p
trung
nhidu hon d tdng diy (SlL2 tram ph6t h i6n Zntrong
c6
v D ! D:r D v o ! D )r D v D ; ,'r;
,, ,
!ct.: votl rrol.l \t.il: vot. nolt .w,.- rtfl!. \,fllr"';',\tn.2 \lo j
Yllcrlll
Iarcitm
urrorn
utt..t|

2tdngnrrdc).
b. Xa

Tm

LHinh 9. Hdm ltong pb trong nil6c bidn tqi ctic tram khdo
stit xd Nam Du
TiI Hinh 9, Pb drtoc ph6t hi6n trong nti6c bidn khu
Wc xa Nam Du tai t4/15 tr4m (ngoailrt tr4m: MCI_
ci,e-tIi_him higng pb cao nh{I drrgc ph6t hi6n tai
?)
tr4m MCII-2 (nnc,c tdng d6y dar 11,91pg/l) thdp
hon
GHCP quy dinh trong eCVN 10_MT: )"OrS/BfNIaf
1
nu6i trdng_thiry s6n, b6o tdn thfry sinh)
991 (Yy"g
(sfUSlt) hon 4ldn, cho ihdy chrra c6 d{u hifu 6'nhi6m
d6i.vdi
lb tZt. Gid tri him lugng pb trung Linf, trorj
nri6c bidn toin x6 Nam Du dat l,76g9ll. "

!o s6$ gi6 tri him lugng Cu girla hai tdng nu6c, tit
pb t{p trung nhldu hon
d
{inh.? cho th{yhnm lrrqng
tdng d6y (9lt4tram) so vOi tdng m6t.
__.

3.3. Hdm ltqng kim logi Zn trong ni6c bidn 3
xd

ildo venbd
a.

Xa ViAt Hdi

Nhdn ChAu

K6t qui him lrrong Zn trong nrJ6c bi6n khu vrJc
xi Nhon ChAu kh6ng ddng ddu gifia c6c mit c5t vi
gifia c6c tram kh6o s6t (Hinh tl). Gid trf him lugng
Zn cao nhdt drioc ph6t hi6n t4i miu nrr6c tdng d6y cira
tr4m MCV-I (dat 61,07pgll). Trongkhi d6, gi6 tri him
lrrong Zn nh6 nhdt dugc phdn tich trong m6u nrldc
tdng mdt tai vi tri MCII-I (18,51prg/l). O6i chi6u
v6i
QC\|N 10-MT:2015/BTNMT cQt 1 (vtrng nu6i trdng
thiry sin, bio tdn rhtry sinh) (500prg/l) tli fram t,iqnt
Zn trong m6i trtldng nrldc bidn t4it6t citcic tram
kh6o
s6t xi Nhon Chdu ddu th6p hon GHCP nhidu
ldn, n6n
chrta c6 ddu hi6u 6 nhi6m Zn)
[Z].
Vd srr phdn bd thing drlng cira th6ng s6 Zn trong
cdt nrtdc t4i khu vdc x6 Nhon Chdu, trl Hinh 11
cho
thdy him lrro. ng Zn tip trung nhidu hon 6 rdng
d6y
(l2ll5 tram kh6o silt) so vdi tdng mit.

T{DMD{

L Hinh

10.

stit xdViQt

Hdm bqng Zn trong rut6c bidn tai c6c trqm khdo

Hdi

L:mn!

!1.

DMDTl

Hdm laqng Zn trong rut6c bidn tai cdc tram khdo

srit xd NhOn Chhu

Chuy€n eld il, thiing 9 ndm 2Ot8 I 53