VE MOT NGUCfl NHAT
<
@
lam do ho d An Nam
thcfi thuoc Difdng
Lt
fVlAn
An Nam do ho phu la mot
cd mot vai trubng hap dac biet
nurdc nhung con thuyen cho ong
trong 6 phu do ho Ion cua
nhir viec mot ngubi Nhat ten la
lai bi mac can, sau do gap bao
Trung Quoc thai Duong,
Abe no Nakamaro dirge cur lam
troi dat ve phia nam den Hoan
duac lap ra vao thang 8 nam
Do ho o An Nam vao giua the
Chau. Tuc Nhat Ban ky (chinh
679, nien hieu Dieu Lp nguyen
ki VIII.
Abe no Nakamaro (Mia f
aflt
S Abpi trpng Malu) sinh nam
698 (cd tai lieu noi la 701) o Ka-
su cua Nhat Ban hoan thanh
nien, doi Duong Cao Tong'1'.
Ciing voi An Tay do ho phu (lap
nam 640), An Bac do ho phu (lap
nam 647), Thien Vu do ho phu
(lap nam 650) va An Dong do ho
phu (lap nam 669), An Nam do
ho phu da tao thanh he thong
nam 797) viet: "...luc trove gap
gio ngugc troi dat den tan Hoan
suga (nay la Nara-ken) va mat
cChau, phia nam nha Duong"'51.
Hoan chau la mot trong so' 12
nam 780 o Trir
ong An14'. Trong
chau cua An Nam do ho phu,
thm gian Nhat Ban thuc hien
nay thupc dia phan Ha Tinh. Do
chinh sach Khien Duong sir dua
co hieu lam nen da xay ra xung
phu do ho vdi muc dich "phu du,
luru hoc sinh sang hoc tap, tiep
dot giura ngubi tren thuyen va
vo ve" ma thuc chat la ap biirc,
thu van minh nha Duong, Abe
cu dan dia phuong. Sau do, Abe
boc lot cac dan toe bien cuong
da tham gia vao doan su thif 8,
dugc dua ra thanh Tong Binh
Trung Quoc. Diing dau phu
rbi Nhat Ban nam 716 va den
va quay lai Trung Quoc, tiep tuc
do ho la mot quan Do ho, ham
Trutmg An nam 717. 6ng tirng
lam viec trong trieu dinh nha
chinh tar
n pham voi chiic trach
lam quan trong trieu dinh cua
Duang. Chinh trong thai gian
la "thong hat cac phien, gom
Duong Huyen Tong va dugc giu
luu lai Ian nay, Abe no Naka-
viec vo ve, danh dep, thuong
nhieu chuc trach khac nhau nhu
maro da dugc cu lam quan Do
cong, phat toi, quyet dinh chung
ho o An Nam.
cac viec trong phu"(2). Do ho
Ta xuan phbng tu kinh cue hieu
thu, Ta thap di, Ta bo khuye't va
duoc tuyen chpn theo 8 each
Bi thu giam kiem Ve uy huemg.
thuc khac nhau'3). Trong so cac
6ng con cd ten theo kieu Trung
do la lieu mot ngubi Nhat nhu
quan Do ho tirng tran nham a
Quoc la Trieu Hanh (Trieu
Abe co dugc cu lam quan Do ho
Lien quan den su kien nay co
mot so'van de chua dugc lam ro,
(von la chiic quan chi de phong
cho ngubi Han) a An Nam hay
duoc cu sang. Ben canh do, cung Ban roi Trubng An, Abe tro ve khong? Neu cd thi ong nham
An Nam, tuyet dai da so deu la
Hoanh hay Trieu Huong Hanh).
Thu su cac chau cua nha Duong
Nam 753, nhan cd doan suNhat
S6 453 THANG 11 NAM 2014
chiic vao thai gian nao va ong
Hoanh lam An Nam do ho.
Trieu Hoanh nham chuc
cd thuc su den An Nam de lam
Thai ay cb quan Man xam
Do ho trong nien hieu
quan hay chiic danh ma ong
pham canh gidi hai chau
duac phong chi mang tinh chat
Due Hda va Long Vu, vua
xuong chieu khie'n Trieu
Thuong Nguyen (tur 760
den 762) va ket thiic nhiem
ki tr
ade nam Dai Lich thu
hai (nam 767) khi Truong
Ba Nghi sang nham chiic b
danh du va ong van a Truong An
trong suo't thai gian nham chuc?
Hoanh qua dep yen"181.
Thii nhat, ve viec Abe no
Trieu Than Trung Man
Nakamaro dixc/c ciilam quan Do
hay Trieu Hoanh ma Citu
ho dAn Nam va thoi gian nham
Bitt
ing thir, Tan Bitt
ing thit
Co the thay, thbi gian
chiic cua ong, Ciiu Dw&ng thit,
Abe no Nakamaro (Trieu
quyen 199 thugng, phan Liet
va An Nam chi litcfc de cap
deu chi cung mot ngutr
i do
truyen Dong Di co doan chep "S
la Abe no Nakamaro. Su
a An Nam deu xoay quanh
khac biet duy nhat o hai
ba nien hieu la Thu-gng
van ban Citu Dvt&ng thitva
Nguyen (760 - 762), Vinh
Thai (765 - 766) va Dai
Lich (766 - 779). Trong do,
Tan Dix&ng thu la ten gpi
An Nam va Tran Nam. Thuc
+^p, xitf
i
f ^o
An Namin).
Hoanh) nham chuc Do ho
tu^, mm
ra, Tran Nam la ten gpi cua
Thuong Nguyen la nien
%jZEWm-%& mmmPo "(Tar
n
hieu duoi thai Duang Ttic
Tong (756 - 762) con Vinh
Thai, Dai Lich la nien hieu
dudi thbi Duong Dai Tong
dich: "Su gia nuac ngoai la trieu
An Nam trong thbi gian tir
nam 757 d n nam 768 vai
than Trong Man, do yeu thich
ham y vung dat An Nam
van hoa Trung Qu6c nen a lai
khong con yen nura(9). Nhu
khong ve, doi ho ten thanh Trieu
vay theo ghi chep cua Cifu
Hoanh, lam quan den chuc Ta
Bitt
ing thvt, Tan Dir&ng thu
va An Nam chi lvtqc thi Abe
bo khuyet. Trieu Hoanh luu lai
a Truang An nam muoi nam, ua
doc sach, trieu dinh cho ve que
no Nakamaro (Trieu Hoanh)
chac han da duoc cii lam
huang nhung ong a lai khong di.
quan Do ho b An Nam.
Nam Thien Bao thu 12, [Nhat
Con ve thbi gian Trieu
Ban] lai sai su den trieu co'ng.
Hoanh nham chuc, Cvtu
Trong nien hieu Thuong Nguyen
Dixctng thitva. Tan Bitt
ing
[760-762], thang lam Ta Tan ky
thu chep kha thong nhat
thutmg thi, Tran Nam do ho")<6).
la vao nien hieu Thurgng
Tan Dw&ng thu, quyen 220,
phan Liet truyen Dong Di cung
chep:"^S+@IE, WmMMM*
Nguyen. An Nam chi lvcoc
biet Trieu Hoanh nham
Po " (Tar
n dich: "Nam Thien
ma chi de cap rang vao nam
Bao thu mubi hai, Trieu Hoanh
lai vao chau. Trong nien hieu
Vinh Thai thii hai, tuc nam
766, Trieu Hoanh lam Do ho
Thuong Nguyen, dugc thang lam
h An Nam.
cua Le Tac thi khong cho
chiic Do ho vao nam nao
Ta Tan ky thuang thi, An Nam
do ho")'71.
Ngoai ba nguon sir lieu
ndi tren, hoc gia Uat Hien
Ngoai ra, An Nam chi liif
fc
Hao trong Bitt
ing thii sii
cua Le Tac, quyen 9 "Cac quan
khao toan bien qua viec
do doc, do ho, kinh luac su An
khao sat cac van bia mp chi
Nam va cac quan thu su ba quan
Ban, trong khoang nien hieu
thbi Duong va cac tai lieu
nhu Sach phu nguyen quy
va Bitt
ing hoi yeu cho biet
thbi gian Trieu Hoanh tran
nham b An Nam la khoang
Khai Nguyen (713 - 741) dem
tir nam 761 den nam 766(10).
hoa pham den trieu kien, ham
Mot tai lieu khac la Nghien
ciiu che do do ho do tac gia
Ly Dai Long (Trung tam
nghien cuu Su Dia bien
Giao, Ai, Hoan doi Duong" doan
chep ve Do ho Trieu Hoanh cung
cho bie't ong la "Nguoi Nhat
mo phong hoa Trung Hoa, nhan
luu a lai, doi ten la Trieu Hoanh,
nhigu Ian sang su Trung Quo'c.
Nam Vinh Thai thu 2, Trieu cuong) chu bien cho rang
S6 453 THANC 11 NAM 2014
Tranh ve Abe no Nakamaro
cua hoa sJKikuchi Yosai (1781 -1878)
du con thirc ra thi ong van a
Trubng An chii khong den An
Nam. Du vay, chiing ta van cd
mot so ca so de budc dau xac
dinh rang Trieu Hoanh cd thuc
sir den An Nam a Ian lam quan
hay khong?
Theo ghi chep cua An Nam
chi htctc, trong nam Vinh Thai
thu 2 (766), a An Nam co quan
Man xam pham hai chau ki mi
Due Hoa va Long Vu, vua Duong
da xuong chieu khien Trieu
Hoanh qua dep yen. Chau ki mi
(hay ca mi, nghia la rang bupc
long leo) la mot ca che thong tri
cua nha Duong ap dat a viing
trung du va mien nui nham mua
chupc, du do cac tho til tpc nguoi
thieu so. Diic Hoa va Long Vu
la hai chau ki mi do An Nam do
ho phu quan ly'12'.
Cbn theo Nghien cihi che do
do ho cua Ly Dai Long va Dttong
thii sir khao toan Men cua Uat
Hien Hao dan lai ghi chep cua
Sach phu nguyen quy, quyen 170
cho biet thang 5, nien hieu Vinh
Thai thu 2, chieu tuyen an cong
lao cua An Nam tiet dp sir Ta Tan
ky thubng thi Han Hanh do co
cong lao danh dep quan Man xam
pham hai chau Due Hoa va Long
Vu. Uat Hien Hao cbn cho rang
Han Hanh (WM) chinh la Trieu
Hoanh {%f\ fll)1131. Tuy nhien, doan
352&3S?
chep cua Sach phu nguyen quy
cd mot chi tiet chua xac dang la
ve chiic An Nam Tiet dp sir. Boi
Tranh ve "Abe no Nakamaw ngain trang nhaque nha " cua Tsukioka Yoslr
itoshi (1839 - 1892), dime ve khoang nam 1888
mai den nam 866, nha Duong
moi thang An Nam len lam Tinh
hai quan Tiet tran, dung dau boi
(762 - 779). Nhir vay, thai gian
7am quan & hay khong?
mot Tiet dp su cbn tr
ade do, vien
Trieu Hoanh nham chiic Do ho
Abe no Nakamaro (Trieu
quan dung dau phu do ho An
a An Nam at han roi vao khoang
Hoanh) thuc su cd den An Nam
Nam dupe gpi la Do ho, nhung
cuoi doi Duong Tiic Tong dau dbi
a Ian bi bao danh troi dat vao
liic cd bien thi Kinh lupc su kiem
Duang Dai Tong, tu nien hieu
nhiem Do ho.
Thugng Nguyen den cuoi nien
Hoan Chau nhung cac ghi chep
cua su- lieu van con rat it 6i de di
hieu Vinh Thai dau nien hieu
den khang dinh mot each chinh
An Nam chi Ivtf
fc va Sach phu
Dai Lich, tuong ung vdi khoang
xac rang ong co thuc su den An
nguyen quy, chiing ta van cd
thai gian til- nam 761 den truoc
Nam a Ian dugc cu lam quan Do
nam 767. Do cung la luc An Nam
ho khong? Citu Diet
ing thuva Tan
the tin la Trieu Hoanh da den
An Nam khi dupe cii lam quan
do ho phii dang duac doi ten la
Du'&ng thirdeu khong de cap van
Do ho. Do la vao thang 5 nam
Tran Nam.
de nay. Mot so y kien cho rang
Vinh Thai thu 2 (nam 766) dbi
du ong cd dugc cu lam quan Do
Duong Tuc Tong. Va lai, trong
so cac quan Do ho h An Nam
Thii hai, ve viec Abe no Nakamaro cd thitc sit den An Nam
ho thi do chi la mang tinh danh
Dau vay, vai ghi chep cua
SO 453 THANC 11 NAM 2014
thai thuoc Dudng, khong c
cd Trieu Hoanh la ngudi Nh;
duac cu lam Do ho ma con <
Khang Khiem - mot nha buc
ngudi Ho d Tay Virc vao cu
thai Dudng Huyen Tong da hi
16 Duong Quo'c Trung de due
cu lam Do ho d An Nam'151. Cu
Dit&ng thtt, quyen 186 thuanj
Khoc lai liet truyen ha va Ta
Dii&ng tht
f, quyen 209, Khi
lai liet truyen cho Met Khan
Khiem von la nguai Ho, la
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
6. xu
1.Doan Le Giang, "Abe no Nak
maro trong tam giac quan he Nh,
- Trung - Viet", Nghien ciiu Nh
Ban, so'3 nam 1999.
2.Nguyln Tien Luc (2013), Nh,
Ban nhiing bai hoc tvr lich sii, Nx
Thong Tin Truyen Thong, Ha Noi
3. Le T&c (2009), An Nam ci
hmc, Nxb. Lao Dong, Ha Noi.
m%im^mm o ay Dai LOn
viec buon ban lam giau. Va
(2003), Nghien ciiu che do do ht
thai Duang Quo'c Trung phi
Nxb. Giao Due Hac Long Giang).
chinh da nhan h6i 16 cua Khan
Khiem va cho lam Do ho A:
Nam. Thai gian nham chif
cua Khang Khiem trudc Triei
5. wm% (2ooo), mm$.3t Hm))
S@*^ttJ)St
to (Uat Hien Ha
^2000), Dir&ng thii sii khao toa
Duang Huyen Tong den niei
tiieu Chi Due (756 - 757) da
Duang Tuc Tong. Cung can lui
f la, khoang thai gian nhunj
lguwi Ho nhu Khang Khiem ha]
Mhat nhu Trieu Hoanh nharr
:hiic Do ho a An Nam la luc nhs
Duang dang lao dao vdi loar
Vn Loc Son - Su Tu Minh (xay
@a tu nam 755 keo dai den tan
com/shibu/24shi/oldtangs
jts_211.htm Citu Dt
ft
ing th
quyen 199 thugng, Liet truyt
thu- 149, Dong Di.
7. xu<
com/shibu/24shi/newtangs\
ta_236.htm Tan Bitt
ing th>
quyen 220, Liet truyen th
145, Dong Di.
8. Le Tac (2009), An Nai
chihto'c, Nxb. Lao Dong, tr.18
9. Dai Viet sit ky toan th
chep nam doi ten An Nar
thanh Tra'n Nam la 75
Kham dinh Viet sd thon,
bien, Dai hoc An Huy xuat ban).
gia'm ct
ifng muc chep the
Cim Dixt
ing thix la nam 757
;1982), < f
t fe 43l*4i !B>
lai thanh An Nam, Dai Vie
Hoanh, khoang tir sau nien hiei
Thien Bao thu 12 (nam 753) do
ciiu Nhat Ban so' 3 nam 199
Con nam do'i ten Tran Nan
$mi f4@lt
itM o (Vien Kho;
ipe Xa hoi Trung Quo'c, Sa Nghiei
:uru Lich su (1982), Tuyen bien ti
ieu sii ve quan he Trung Viet codai
7. (IBJf
#-W?l+A @ 5i
tS-Wia+^L *
Ho (CuvDir&nt
hu, quyen 199 thuong. Liet truyer
hii 149, Dong Di).
8. fit
#-W-+ - 5'J ff
sirky toan thirva Kham dinl
Viet sii thong gia'm citcfni
muc che'p la nam 768, cor
Citu Dit&ng thu' lai che'p Ve
nam 766.
10. Ua't Hien Hao (2000)
Dit&ng thiisiikha'o toan bien,
Dai hoc An Huy xuat ban.
;r.3343-3344.
lam 763 mdi cham dut). Do la
lie tu tuang Hoa Di bi da pha
| @@gIZg+S: @ 1r,%o (Tan Dir&ng
11. Ly Dai Long (2003),
Vghien che'do cihi do ho, Nxb.
hit, quyen 220, Liet truyen thu 145,
len viec cu nhung ngudi Ho,
Jiao Due Hac Long giang,
long Di).
r.289.
Jhat lam quan Do ho d vung
ien cuong ngoai dia nhu An
Jam cung cd the xay ra.
Tom lai, Abe no Nakamaro
ifc Trieu Hoanh - mot ngudi
CHU THICH:
12. Http.V/www.guoxue.
om/shibu/24shi/newtangsu/
@ts_048.htm Tan Dat
ing thu,
1. Http://www.guoxue.com/
hibu/24shi/oldtangsu/jts_045.htm
uyen 43 ha, Chi thii- 33 ha,
)ia ly that ha.
That da tung den An Nam
itu Du'&ng thu1, quyen 41, chi thu-
mi quan Do ho trong khoang
L, Dia ly tii.
Ighien che do citu do ho,
2. Http://www.guoxue.com/
-iibu/24shi/newtangsu/xts_055.
[xb. Gia'o Due Hac Long
idi gian tir nam 761 den trudc
am 767. Tuy nhien, chiing ta
hong the cho su cd mat cua
iot ngudi Nhat d An Nam vao
le ki VIII la dong nghia vdi
iec quan he giiia Viet Nam
i Nhat Ban da cd tu do. Bai
tm Tan Du'&ng thu; quyen 49 ha,
if thu'- 39 ha, Bach quan tu- ha.
3. Ly Dai Long (2003), Nghien
le do ciiu do ho, Nxb. Giao Due
ac Long giang, tr.292.
, Trieu Hoanh lam quan cho
4.Nguyen Tien Luc (2013), "Khien
la Dudng la trieu dai ngoai
jong su (Kentoshi) & viec tie'p
c dang thong tri An Nam. Su
i mat cua Abe no Nakamaro
An Nam du the nao di chang
ra cung khong thoat khdi anh
rang ciia khong gian do ho
di Bac thuoc.B
Lan van minh Trung Hoa", Nhat
in nhiing bai hoc tit lich sit, Nxb.
iong Tin Truyen Thong, tr.47.
5. Doan Le Giang (1999), "Abe
Nakamaro trong tam giac quan
Nhat - Trung - Viet", Nghien
13. Ly Dai Long (2003),
iang, tr.289 va Uat Hien Hao
!000), Dixt
ing thii st
f kha'o
ian bien, Dai hoc An Huy
aat ban, tr. 3344.
14. Vien Khoa hoc Xa hoi
rung Quo'c, So- Nghien ciru
ich sir (1982), Tuyen Men tit
%u sit ve quan he Trung Viet
>dai, Nxb. Khoa Hoc Xa Hoi
@ung Quoc, tr.109.
15. Ly Dai Long (2003),
ghien che do citu do ho, Nxb.
iao Due Hac Long giang,
,288, 294.
S6 453 THANG 11 NAM 2014
17