Khó khăn tâm lý của tư vấn viên tham gia hoạt động tư vấn tâm lý học đường tại tỉnh bà rịa vũng tàu

KHO KHAN TAM LY CUA
TJ VAN VIEN THAM GIA HOAT DONG
TLf VAN TAM LY HOC OaONG
TAI TINH BA RIA V O N G TAU
TS. Nguyen Chi Tang
ThS. Pham Van Hieu
Trudng Cao ddng Supham Bd Ria - Vimg Tdu.

'

TOM TAT

Nghien eihi tim hiiu kho khan tdm ly cua tu vdn vien tham gia hogt dpng tu
vdn tdm ly hoe dudng tai tinh Bd Ria - Vdng Tdu. Quy md mdu nghien cm gdm 450
tu vdn vien tai cdc to tu vdn a truang pho thdng tren dia bdn linh Bd Ria - Vdng Tdu
Kit qud nghien eitu cho thdy, tu vdn vien khd kho khdn khi tham gia hoat dpng tu vdn
tdm ly hoc dudng. Bleu hien md tu vdn vien thdy khd khdn trd ngal vol mite dp khd
cao Id: Lo ldng ve trinh dp chuyen mon (kien thuc tdm ly hoe) chua ddp itng duae yeu
edu ciia Iu vdn tdm ly hoc dudng: Khd hinh thdnh cdc ky ndng tu vdn tdm ly: Limg
timg khi van dung cdc phuang phdp tu vdn tdm ly
Tir khoa: Kho khdn tdm ly: Tu vdn tdm ly hoc dudng.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: \Sni2m9; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/4/2019.
1. Dat van de
Tbyc hien Thdng tu sl 31/2017/TT-BGD-DT ngay 18/12/2017 ctia Bd
Giao due va Dao tao vl viec hudng din thye hien cdng tae tu vin tam ly cho hpc
sinh trong trudng phi thdng, id tu vin tam ly hpc dudng trong cac trudng plid
thdng tren dia ban tinh Ba Ria - Viing Tau da dupe thanh lap. Dupe sy quan tam
chi dao cua Uy ban nhan dan tiiih, Sd Giao due va Dao tao, Trudng Cao dine Sit
pham Ba Ria - Vung Tau da tiln hanh xay dyng chuong trinh (dua tren chuong
trinh eua Bd Giao due va Dao tao ban hanh xay dyng thanh chuong trinh lie
thdng) va td chitc bdi dudng nghiep vu cho cac thanh vien cua td tu vin t* ' l"

bpc dudng tai cac trudng phi thdng, trung tam giap due thudng xuven t w - ^
ban tinh. Tir ngay 20 thang 07 nam 2018 din ngay 09 thang 08 nam 2018 rt'
loat 12 lop (2 Idp ebo td trudng va 10 Idp cho hi vin vien) bdi dudng ni>h~
tu vin tam ly hpc dudng dupe md ra tai Trudng Cap ding Su pham B^'R*-^"
50

TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC, Sd 5 (242), 5 . 2019


Viing Tau va tai cac trung tam thanh phd Vung Tau, huyen Chau Diic, huyen
Xuyen Mdc vdi tren 1.500 hpc vien tham dy. Nhu vay, tu vin vien tham gia
cdng tae hi vin tam ly hpc dudng tai cac trudng pho thdng tren dja ban tinh Ba
Rja - Vung Tau trong hpc ky I eua nam bpc 2018 - 2019 la nhimg ngudi bude
dau da dupe bdi dudng ve nghiep vu. Nhung qua trao ddi, phdng vin nhilu Ur
vin vien trong ca ba cap hpc, chung tdi nhan thiy viec triln khai thuc hien cac
ndi dung tu van tam ly eho hpc sinh trong nha trudng ddi vdi hp cdn gap nhilu
khd khan: cd iihirng khd khan khach quan va nhirng khd khan chu quan. Khd
khan cua tu van vien la gi khi tham gia hpat ddng tu vin tam ly hpc dudng?
Thye sy khd khan cua tu van vien nhu the nao? Chiing tdi chua thi tra Idi ngay
dupe tat ca ma chi bude dau nghien ciru ve khd khan tam ly ciia tu vin vien
tham gia boat ddng tu van tam ly tai trudng phd thdng.
2. Mot so van de ly luan ve tir van tam ly hoc tlirdng
2.1. Tir vdn tdm ly hpc dirotng
Tu van tam ly hpc ducmg la hoat ddng tu van tam ly dupe thye hien trpng
cac nha trudng. Hoat ddng nay chu yeu hudng den cac ddi tupng la can bd, vien
chiic, bpc sinh, sinh vien va phu huynh hpc sinh cua nha trudng, vdi cac ndi
dung lien quan den cac van de ve sue khde, tam sinh ly, tinh cam, phuang phap
hpc tap, hudng nghiep, khdi nghiep,... (Nguyen TTii Oanh, 2006, 2009).
Thdng tu sd 31/2017/TT-BGD-DT vl hudng din thye hien cdng tae tu
van tam ly cho hpc sinh trpng trudng phd thdng eiia Bd Giap due va Dao tao da

chi rd 5 npi dung la: 1. Tu van tam ly lua tudi, gidi tinh, bdn nhan, gia dinh, siic
khde sinh san vi thanh nien phii hop vdi lira tudi. 2. Tu van, giap dye ky nang,
bien phap img xu van hda, phdng, cbdng bap lye, xam hai va xay dyng mdi
trudng giap due an tpan, lanh manh, thiin thien. 3. Tu van tang cudng kha nang
ling phd, giai quylt vin de phat sinh trong mdi quan he gia dinh, thay cd, ban be
va cac mdi quan he xa hdi khac. 4. Tu vin ky nang, phuang phap hpc tap bieu
qua va djnh hudng nghl nghiep (tiiy thep cip hpc). 5. Tham vin tam ly ddi vdj
hpc sinh gap khd khan cin hd trp, can thiep, giai quyet kip thdi. Gidi thieu, hd
trp dua hpc sinh din cac ea sd, chuyen gia dilu tri tam ly ddi vdi cac trudng hpp
hpc sinh hi rdi loan tam ly nam ngpai kha nang tu van cua nha trudng.
D I tbyc hien hpat ddng tu vin tam ly bpc dudng mdt each hieu qua, bSn
canh viec tu vin vien cin phai nim that virng kien thirc tam ly hpc ndi chung,
kiln thirc tam ly hpc lua tudi ndi rieng thi hp eung cin phai ed nhieu ky nang
khae nhau nhu ky nang chu tam va quan sat; ky nang lang nghe tich eye; ky
nang dat cau hdi kheo leo; ky nang diln dat y.v. va phai bill van dung cac cac
phuang phap khae nhau nhu quan sat tinh tl; sii dung Idi ndi de thuylt phuc,
tao niem tin...

TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (242), 5-2019

51


2.2. Khd khan tam ly cua tir vdn vien ddi vdi hoat dpng Iu van
hpc dudng
- th-n trd
Trong qua trinh boat ddng, eon ngudi ludn gap {Mi nhiing khd ^ '
ngai. Dl dat dupe hieu qua eao, ddi bdi ban than chu the trong qua tn
,^
ding phai nd lye vupt qua mpi khd khan, tro ngai. Kha kbati, tra ngai^d y

tl khach quan (ben ngpai) tap nen nhu dieu ki,n phumtg "?"'"^y ^ „ i|p
giup dd, mdi trudng, hoan canh v.v.; nhung kho khan nay anh
^^"HuTaJn
din qua trinh hoat ddng ciia ca nhan. Khd khan, tra ngai do
y<="'°"^"
(ben trong) tao nen khi ca nhan tham gia hoat dpng nhu trang thai, '^™ "^"f,
xiic cam, tinh cam, nhan thiic, thai dp, vdn sdng, kinh nghiem v.v._ day m
nhirng khd khan, trd ngai anh hudng trye tiep deti hoat ddng ctia i^a "ban- " u
tl chu quan cd hai loai: ylu tl sinh bpc va yeu td tam ly. Nhung kho khan do
ylu tl tam ly tao nen gpi la nhiing khd khan tam ly.
Thep chung tdi, cd thi hiiu khd khan tdm ly Id Id hap ede thupc tinh,
cdc trang thdi, ede ddc diim nhdn each khong phii hap vol dot tuang hoat
dpng Idm cho qud trinh hogt dPng gap kho khdn, lain eho chu the kho thich
nghl vdi hogt dpng, do do kit qua hogt dpng bi hgn che.
Tit khai niem tren, ehiing tdi eho ring kho khan tdm ly cita tu vdn vien
dii vai hogt dpng tu van tdm ly hpc dudng la 16 hap cdc thupc linh, cdc trang
thai, cdc ddc diim nhdn cdeh cua hp gay kho khdn, cdn trd eho qud trinh thuc
hien hogt dpng tu vdn tdm ly.
Khd khan tam ly xuit hien tir chinh ban than tu vin vien khi tham gia
hoat dpng tu vin tam ly hpc dudng nhu: chua dupe cbuan bj tam ly sin sang;
lo ling, Chan nan, thilu ty tin khi lam mpt cdng viec mdi; trinh dp chuyen mon,
nghiep vu cdn ban che...
3. Mau khao sat va phuo'ng phap nghien cii'u
3.1. Mdu khdo sal
- Xac dinh tdng the chung: 1.350 tu van vien cdng tae tai cac td tu vin
cua cac trudng phd thdng tren dia ban tinh Ba Ria - Viing Tau.
- Xac dinh danh saeh chpn miu: 1.350 tu van vien tham du 10 Idp bdi
duong nghiep vu ur van tam ly hpc dudng tir ngay 20 thang 07 nam 2018 din
ngay 09 thang 08 nam 2018 tai Trudng Cao ding Su pham Ba Ria - Vung Tau
va tai cac trung tam thanh phd Vung Tau, huyen Chau Diic, huyen Xuyen Mdc

- Chpn miu ngiu nhien he thing: Trudc tien, nhdm nghien eitu liy danh
saeh 10 Idp boi dudng nghiep vu tu vin tam ly hpc dudng lap thanh mdt da b
saeh chung phan theo cac trudng, eiip hpc va cac dia ban cu thi ciia tinh B" R'

52

TAP CHi TAM L? HOC, Sd 5 (242), 5-2019


- VQng Tau, sau dd dya vap thii ty trong danh saeh, cii each ba tu vin vien
chpn mdt vao miu.
- Xac djnh quy md miu (sample size): 450 tu vin vien.
- Thdi gian khap sat dupe tiln hanh vap thang 12/2018.
3.2. Phirffngphdp nghien ciru
Phuang phap nghien cira chti ylu la dilu tra bSng bang hdi, ngpai ra cdn
cd cac phuang phap bd trp la quan sat, phdng vin sau va phuang phap thing
ke toan hoc. D I biit nhiing bilu hien khd khan tam ly lam co sd xay dyng bang
hdi, chung tdi tim bilu tbyc tien va nghien eitu vin dl ly luan vl khd khan tSm
ly, khd khan t^m ly cua tu van vien.
3.3. Xac dinh bieu hien khd khan tdm ly vi xay dung thang do
Trao ddi vdi td trudng va 18 tu vin vien tai 6 trudng phd thdng (cac
trudng Tieu hpc Quang Trtmg, Tilu hpc Dien Bien, THCS Nguyin Trai, THCS
Huynh Tjnh Cua, Php thdng Dan tpe ndi tru, THPT Duong Bach Mai) dl tim
hieu thuc tiln ve nhiing khd khan tam ly ma tu vin vien da gap phai khi thye
hien tu van tam ly cho hpc sinh. Ket qua la td trudng va tu van vien da chi ra rit
nhieu khd khan khi thuc hien boat ddng tu van tam ly trong nha trudng phd
thdng. Chung tdi loai bd nhitng khd khan, trd ngai dp yeu td khach quan (ben
ngoai) tao nen nhu: dieu kien ve co sd vat chat nha trudng chua dam bao;
phuang tien, ky thuat thieu thdn va cu; sy giup dd ciia chinh quyen dja phuang
va ciia Phdng Giao due va Dao tao chua kip thdi; su phdi hpp va chia se vdi

phu huynh hpc sinh cdn ban che; hpan canh sdng eua giap vien edn khd khan;
trinh dp quan ly eiia ban giam hieu chua thep kip yeu eau mdi... chi chil y tdi
nhiing khd khan tam ly xuat hien til chinh ban than tu van vien nhu: chua dupe
chuin bj tam ly san sang; sy lo lang, eban nan, thieu ty tin khi lam mdt cdng
viee mdi; trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghiep vu cdn han che; trap ddi vdi ddng
nghiep nhung tbyc sy chua ai cd nhieu kinh nghiem...
Tir dii lieu thye tiln, chiing tdi tap hop va khai quat thanh nhiing bilu
hien khd khan tam ly cua tu vin vien trpng boat ddng tu van tam ly tai trudiig
phd thdng dl thilt k l bang hdi: 1. Chua chuin bj tam the san sang lam tu van
tam ly; 2. Thilu ty tin khi tbyc hien tu vin tam ly chp hpc sinh; 3. Cd y nghT
chan nan, ngai tu vin; 4. Ludn cam thiy lo ling khi thye hien nhiem vy tu van
tam ly hpc dudng; 5. Ngai tham gia cac Idp bdi dudng de nang cao trinh dp va
nghiep vu thep yeu ciu cua tu vin tam ly; 6. Ngai chia se, trap ddi vdi ddng
nghiep v l kinh nghiem tu vin; 7. Cam thiy phai chju nhilu ap luc; 8. Lo ling
vl yinh do chuyen mdn (kiln thiic tam ly hpc) chua dap irng dupe yeu cau tu
vin tam ly hpc dudng; 9. Khd phan biet tu vin tam ly vdi xu ly tinh hudng su

TAPCHl'TAM LVHOC.SdS (242), 5 - 2019

53


pham; 10. Khd hinh thanh cac ky nang tu vin tam ly; 11. Khd khan tao nierti
tin cho hoc sinh; 12. Lung lung khi van dung cac phuang phap tu van tam y,
13. Khd xay dung mli quan he hop tae vdi hpc sinh trong qua trinh tu va .
Mdi bilu hien tren dupe danh gia thep 5 phuang an va sd diem tuong uhg^
mdi phuang an nhu sau: rat dung = 5 dilm; dung = 4 diem; kha dung = 3 diem,
khdng dung = 2 diem; haan tpan khdng dung = 1 diem.
Sd lieu khao sat dupe xii ly bing phin mIm SPSS. Can cu vap diem
trung binh phan ra lam 5 muc dp:

Muc dp 1 (4,2 < DTB < 5): Rit khd khan;
Muc dp 2 (3,4 < DTB <4,2): Khd khan;
Muc dp 3 (2,6 < DTB < 3,4): Kha khd khan;
Mire dp 4 (1,8 < DTB < 2,6): Khdng cd khd khan;
Miic dp 5 (I < DTB < 1,8): Hpan tpan khdng khd khan.
Co sd de phan chia cac mire dp tren la dya vap 5 phupng an danh gia va
diem chenh lech giua cac mire dp la (5 diem - 1 diem)/5 = 0,8 diem.
Sau khao sat tbyc tiln, tir 450 philu phat ra, chung tdi thu vl dupe
435 philu hpp le (tilu hpc: 235 philu; THCS: 143 philu; THPT: 57 philu).
Qua phieu dieu tra thu dupe, chung tdi kiem chung dii lieu thu dupe theo
phuang phap chia ddi dii lieu, tinh dp tin cay Spearman-Brown bing cdng
thuc: rsb = 2*rhh/(l+ rhh); trpng dp rsb la dp tin cay Spearman-Brown, rhh la he
sd tucmg quan chin le, dat dupe dp tin cay khi rsb cd gia tri tir 0,7 trd len. Kit
qua tinh tnan che bill rsb = 0,99 > 0,7. Nhu vay, du lieu thu dupe dang tin cay.
4. Ket qua nghien cii-u
Ket qua khao sat vl khd khan tam ly cua hr vin vien trong hoat ddng tu
van tam ly hoc dudng dupe md ta eu thi trong bang 1.
_ Kit qua nghien cuu d bang 1 eho thiy: Nhin tdng quat, tu vin vien thudc
mau nghien cuu tham gia hoat ddng tu van tam ly hoc dudng tai eae trudnu
phd thdng cd khd khan tam ly d mire dp kha khd khan (DTB = 33) cd b~
la hp gap nhieu khd khan tam ly khi tham gia tu vin tam ly hoc'dudno "Y '^
xet cu the cho thay muc dp bieu hien khd khan ed khae nhau: '
Cd 6/13 bilu hien (chilm 46,2%) duoc tu vin vien danh •• cam thay rat khd khan hoac khd khiin khi tham gia hoat dpng tu vi r T ^
dudtig. Ket qua nghien eitu tai bang 1 cho thiy, bilu hien khd kha" t'*" i •'^°'^
tu van vien gap phai dupe xip thu nhit la "Kho hinh thdnh cdc ks^ ™^
tdm ly". Day la khd khan d muc dd rit khd khan (DTB = iivd
u°f^ '"' ^°"
•*••*), tmh theo ty le:
54

TAP CHi TAM L? HOC. Sd 5 ( 2 4 ^ ^ 1 : ^


51,7% sd khach thi nghien ciiu cho la rit khd khan va 40,7% la khd khan. Trao
ddi, trd chuyen vdi cac tu vin vien, hp diu eho ring, tu vin tam ly cho hpc
sinh la hoat dpng hoan t()an mdi, trong nha trudng giao vien chii ylu la xu ly
tinh hudng su pham, tu van hpc tap, tu vin hudng nghiep.
Bdng 1: Thong ke mite dp kho khdn tdm ly ciia tu vdn vien
tham gia hogt dpng tu vdn tdm ly hpc dudng
Mirc do khd kh3n
Bilu
hifn
kho
khan

Rat kh6
khan

Khong kho
khan

Ho^n
to^n
khong
kh6 khiin

OTB

DLC

Thir
bSc

Miic

t

N

%

N

%

N

%

225

51.7

177

40.7

3!

7,1

2

0,5

0

0.0

4,4

0,65

1

S

193

44.4

210

48.3

25

5.7

5

1,1

2

0,5

4,3

0,68

2

1

12

159

36.5

221

50,8

49

11.3

6

1.4

0

0.0

4.2

0.70

3

2

9

137

31.5

238

54.7

51

11,7

9

2.1

0

0,0

4.2

0,70

3

2

7

97

22.3

223

51.3

91

20,9

24

5,5

0

0.0

3.9

0,80

4

2

1

57

13,1

220

50.6

95

21,8

52

12,0

11

2,5

3,6

0,95

5

2

11

IS

4.1

119

27,4

130

29,9

135

31,0

33

7.6

2,9

1,02

6

3
3

N

%

Kha kho
khan

10

N

%

Kh6 khan

13

7

1.6

122

28.0

156

35,9

103

23.7

47

10.8

2.9

0,99

6

4

22

5.1

133

30.6

111

25,5

98

22.5

71

16.3

2,9

1.17

6

3

2

9

2,1

92

21,1

119

27.3

169

38,9

46

10.6

2.7

0,94

7

3

3

15

3.4

52

12.0

113

26,0

194

44,6

61

14.0

2,5

1,01

8

4

6

17

39

43

9,9

108

24,8

163

37.5

104

23.9

2.3

1,08

9

4

5

0

0,0

40

9.2

!42

32,6

171

39,3

82

18.9

2.3

0.88

9

4

Chung

13
bieu
hien

954

16,9

1 890 33.4

1.221

21,6

1.131

20.0

457

8.1

3,3

0,83

Ghi chit: Biiu hien kho khan xem d muc 3.3. N Sd tua chpn: DTB Diim trung binh, DLC- Do lech
chum

Thiy N.V.C., 42 tudi, giao vien Trudng tilu hpc Long Son 1, thanh phd

Vung Tau chia se: "Tu vdn tdm ly Id cong viec hoan todn mai vai em, chug co
chdt kinh nghiem gi, chua co ky nang gi: em rdt phdn vdn khong biet phdi ren
luyen nhu the nao de nhanh chong hinh thdnh?"

TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd' 5 (242), 5 - 2019

55


Cd H.T.M., 36 mdi, giao vien Trudng THCS Quang Trung, huyen Xuyen
Mdc tam sy: "Qua Idp bdi duang cudi he vita qua. em mai tiip can vai '^'^'^y
ndng tu van tdm ly qua bdi gidng cua gidng vien, nhung hinh thanh no au
phdi di. Nhiiu khi lo khong hoan thdnh cong viee duae giao".
'Bilu hien khd khan tam ly ma tu vin vien gap phai dupe xep thir Iwi la
"Lo ldng vi trinh do chuyen mdn (kiin thitc tdm ly hoc) chua dd^ img duae
yeu cdu tu vdn tdm ly hoc dudng". Day la khd khan d mtic dp rat khd khan
(DTB = 4,3); ed 44,4% sd khach thi nghien cira ehp la rit khd khan, 48,3% la
khd khan. Trap ddi vdi tu vin vien, chung tdi nhan thay, ai ciing nhan thirc dupe
mudn iam tdt cdng tae tu vin tam iy can phai ed kiln thiic tam ly hpc, khdng the
tu vin theo kinh nghiem dupe. Hp thiia nhan sy bieu biet tam ly hpc sinh la qua
Uai nghiem eua ban than trung boat ddng thye te day hpc va giap due la cht'nh,
nhiing kiln thiic dupe hoc tir trudng su pham bj mai mdt, kiln thiic mdi thi chua
dupe cap nhat mdt each bai ban. Hau bet tu van vien cho rang day la mpt khd
khan Idn, gay can trd den cdng tae tu van tam ly eua hp.
Cd H.T.T, 45 tudi, giap vien Trudng THPT Nguyen Thj Minh Khai,
thanh phd Viing Tau chia se; "Klin thuc tdm ly hpc quen roi, vi the nhieu khi
rdt lung tiing, dua ra lai khuyen, gidi phdp de hoc sinh gidi tog tdm ly cdng
thdng thieu ea sd, khong tit tin Idm. Chung em tu vdn eho hpc sinh thong quo
kinh nghiem vd hieu biet cita minh, nhieu khi bdng each lay bung ta de suy rg
bung ngudi".

Bieu hien khd khan tam ly ma tu vin vien gap phai dupe xIp thu ba la
"Lung lung khi van dung cdc phuang phdp tu vdn tdm ly", d mirc dp khd khan
(DTB = 4,2); cd 36,6% sl khach thi nghien cdu cho la rit khd khan, 50,8% la
khd khan. Hau bet tu vin vien thudc khach thi nghien ciiu khi dupe hdi vl cac
phuong phap tu van tam ly hp diu rit lung lung, tra Idi dupe mdt vai each lam
cy the. Chiing tdi che rang, day la mdt trong nhiing khd khan thuc su eua tu
van vien, bdi le ky nang chua thanh thao, tham chi chua cd, tbi' lam sao cd
dupe phuong phap.
'^°l^^:
?^ '"Si-giao vien Trudng THCS Xa Bang, huyen Chau Biic
tam sy: -Hpc sinh hay bat ngt ban trong lap thi em goi tdi nhdc nhd khuven
em dung lam the vi do Id hanh dPng khdng tdt, chit cd biit phuang nhdn chi
dau ma van dung"
* l^ "f '-"'
Cd N.D.T., 42 tudi, giao vien Trudng tilu hoc Le Thanh Duv thanV, i, Ba Ria ndi: "Ldm eo bdi bdn thi ehiing em chtta Idm duae ddu cd
~
phdi hoc vd tit tit trdi nghiem"
'
' ^' g' eung
Thay N.T.H., 45 tali, giao vien Trudng THCS Huynh Tinh Vi
Long Dien tam sy: "Buae tham gia lap bdi duang cudi hi; vita qua e
56

i.
"^^-"

TAP CHi TAM L? HOC, So 5 (242), 5 , 2 0 , 9


cdc phuang phdp tu vdn tdm ly vd each thitc vdn dung vdo hogt dpng tu vdn

tdm ly hpc duang, nhung van dung vdo thuc ti con lung tiing ldm".
"Kho phdn biet Iu vdn tdm ly vdi xu ly tinh huong supham" eung la khd
khan d miic khd khan (DTB = 4,2). Vdi khd khan nay, cd 31,6% sd khach thi
nghien ciru (;ho la rit khd khan, 54,7% la khd khan. Trao dli vdi tu vin vien,
hp diu eho ring, ho cd dupe hpc tam ly hpc va giao due bpc d trudng su pham,
nhung chii yeu de phuc vu chp viec giang day va giap due hpc sinh, chit van
dung vao dl giai tda cang thing tam ly cho hpc sinh thi rit ban chi; ra trudng
Iau rdi kien thiic tam ly hoc ciing bi mai mdt di.
Cd T.T.T.T, 40 tudi, giap vien Trudng THPT Ba Rja eho bill: "Ki ra
cong viec tu vdn tdm lyphdi co chuyen mon sdu vi tdm ly hpc, chung em chi la
tay ngang thoi, duae hpc ldm ly hpc a trudng su phgm nhtmg Iau rdi, xit ly
tinh huong sitphgm chu yeu Id theo kinh nghiem".
Cd T.T.N.D., 28 tudi, giap vien Trudng tieu hpc Long Lien, huyen Lang
Dien chia se: "Thit that em khong phdn biet duae giita xir ly tinh hudng su
phgm vdi tu vdn tdm ly, mat ldm cong viec ndy nen edn phdi hoc hoi nhiiu ldm
thdy g".
Bieu hien khd khan tam ly ma tu van vien gap phai dupe xIp thir tu la:
"Citm thdy phdi chiu nhieu dp luc" d muc khd khiin (DTB = 3,9), cd 22,3%) sd
khach the nghien ciru cho la rat khd khan, 51,3%. la khd khan. Bieu hien khd
khan tam ly ma tu van vien gap phai dupe xep thu nam la "Chua chudn bl tdm
the sdn sdng ldm tu van Idm ly" a miic khd khan (DTB = 3,6); cd 13,1%. sd
khach thi nghien ciru ehp la rat khd khan, 50,6%i la khd khan (DTB = 3,6). Tu
van tam ly lipc dudng la mdt boat ddng mdi trpng nha trudng phd thdng. De
hoat ddng cd hieu qua ddi hdi tu van vien phai ed nhieu cd gang va cd tinh
chuyen nghiep, nhung thye te, tat ea tu van vien deu la kiem nhiem cdng tae tu
van va lam viec cd tinh nghiep du, nen tap ra nhieu ap lye chp hp.
Thiy L.V.N., 45 tudi, giao vien Trudng tilu hpc Binh Chau, huyen
Xuyen Mdc tam sy: "Ldm tdng phu trdeh thi duae cit vdo to tu vdn eua truang
thoi, bdn than Ihdy ldm nhiiu viec qud, kho eo hieu qud ego duae, chua ke Idi
Iu vdn Idm ly cho hpc sinh id cong viee hoan todn mai, nen nhieu luc thdy dp

luc ldm".
Cd H.T.T., 32 tudi, giap vien Trudng THPT Nguyin Du, huyen Chau
Diic ndi: "Hieu trudng giao nhiem vu thi phdi thi hanh thdi, thitc ra bdn thdn
chua chudn bi lot vi mat tdm ly, em nghi co kho khdn, nhimg eo the vuat qua
vi no cUng gdn vdi hogt dpng chu nhiem lap cua bdn thdn".

TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (242), 5 - 2019

57


Cd T.T.M.K., 30 tudi, giap vien Trudng tilu hoc Phudc Hdi, huyen Da_
Dd tam sy: "Trudng Ihdnh lap td tu vdn tdm ly, Ihdy hieu trudng cit em vao
do, Ihdy noi quy dinh ed ldng phu trdeh, thi Id khong Ihi lir choi duae. Iham
gia hogt dpng tu vdn Id mdi ddi vdi em, nen eo nhieu Iran Ira vd cdng Khong
khd khdn, ham hd nhung cUng lo ldng".
Cd 4/13 bilu hien (30,8%) d mire kha khd khan, dd \h: "Khd khan tao
nilm tin eho bpc sinh" (DTB = 2,9); "Khd xay dyng mdi quan he hop tae vdi
hpc sinh trnng qua trinh tu vin" (DTB = 2,9); "Ludn cam thiy lp ling khi thye
hien nhiem vu tu vin tam ly bpc dudng" (DTB = 2,9); "Thilu tu tin khi tbyc
hien tu vin tam ly eho hpc sinh" (DTB = 2,7). Nhilu tu vin vien cho biet, hoe
sinh chua sin sang den phdng tu van, mdt phin la ngai, sp ban be biet, mpt
phan chua tbyc sy tin tudng thay, cd se giup dd dupe minh.
Cd V.T.H., 40 tudi, giao vien Trudng tieu bpe Ngai Giap, huyen Chau
Ddc chia se: "De cdc em den tu vdn vd tin vdo lai Iu vdn cda minh da kho, xay
dung, eung co niem tin eho cdc em thi Igi cdng kho han. Biel Id vay nhung vi
nhiem vw thi phdi eo gang, toi tin tudng roi se ldm duae".
Tir thuc te nay, cac tu van vien va nha trudng can phai td chirc nhilu
hinh thuc tu van phong phu, de giiip dd cac em bpe sinh nhu tu vin true tilp,
trap ddi qua thu, ndi chuyen chuyen dl, tu vin nhdm, Idp, kit hop tu vin trong

cac loai hinh hoat ddng cua nha trudng cho phu hop v.v. Trong hoc ky I nam
hpc 2018 - 2019, Trudng THCS Hda Thuan, huyen Xuyen Mpc'da td chiie
budi ndi chuyen chuyen dl vl tu vin tam ly, gidi tinh va hudng nghiep, mdt sd
trudng khac eung cd nhQng chu dl tuong ty.
Cd 3/13 bilu bien (chilm 23,07%) tu vin vien eho la khdng khd khan,
dd la: "Cd y nghi chan nan, ngai tu vin" (DTB = 2,5); "Ngai chia se trao ddi
vol ddng nghiep ve kinh nghiem ta vin" (DTB = 2,3); "Ngai tham gia cac lop
hot duong de nang cao trinh dp va nghiep vu theo yeu ciu cua tu vin tam Iv"
(DTB = 2,3).
'
^ . T';!^ ^f^^-: "<' '"?'• 8'^° ^'^n Traong tilu hpc Binh Chau huven
Xuyen Mpc npi: Lam tu vdn tdm ly cho hpc sinh md khong eo nghien vu Ihi chi
lam mo thoi. dat tdp hudn nghiep vu tu vdn hpc duang cudi he vdg rdi do tr,JZ
7T
suphgm ma, truang em ddng ky vd tham gig nghiem tiie, ed 5 thdv eo d'
ddy dli tit ddu tdi cudi, khong vdng budi nao vd hpc tdp rdt lich cue"
Cd V.T.H., 45 tali, giao vien Trudng THCS Le Quang Cird„„ ,i,- u
phd Ba Ria ndi: "Chiing em hda himg ldm. mdc dii co vdt vd to« 1 ^ ' .
T
' anitng
viec lam
ndy rdt eo y nghia doi vdi cdc em hpc sinh. vi thi dd tich cue hpc
ho' "*^-'''
tap
hudn, saeh va, mang internet, trao ddi vai thdy eo trong 16 tu vdn cdaT° ^"Puang".
58

TAP CHi TAM Lt HOC, S6 5 ( 2 ^ ^ ; ; : ^

Ket qua nghien ciru nay khing djnh hiu hit tu vin vien thudc khach thi
nghien cuu, cd himg thu va tich cue thaiTi gia hpat ddng tu vin tam ly chp bpe
sinh. Kit qua ciru nay chiing td, tu van vien thudc khach thi nghien ciru da
nhan thiic dupe sy can thiet va y nghia cila tu vin tam ly hpc dudng.
Tdm lai, tu vin vien cdn gap nhilu khd khan tam ly khi tham boat ddng
tu van tam ly hpc dudng. "Khd hinh thanh cac ky nang tu vin tam ly", "Lp
ling ve trinh dp chuyen mdn (kien thiic tam ly hpc) chua dap irng dupe yeu
eiu ta van tSm ly hpc dudng", "Lung tung khi van dung cac phuang phap tu
vin tam ly" la nhiing khd khan gay can trd nhilu ddi vdi tu vin vien khi tham
gia boat ddng tu van tam ly hpc dudng. Tu van vien khdng "Ngai tham gia cac
lop bdi dudng dl nang cao trinh dp va nghiep vy theo yeu ciu cua tu vin tam
ly"; khdng "Ngai chia se, trao ddi vdi ddng nghiep vl kinh nghiem tu vin".
Hau bet tu van vien thudc khach thi nghien ciiu nhiet tinh va tich eye tham gia
boat dpng tu van tam ly chp hpc sinh, nhung van cdn mdt sd ngudi "cd y nghT
rat chan nan, ngai tu van".
Trong mau nghien ciiu cd 235 tu van vien cap lieu hpc, 143 tu van vien
cap trung hpc ca sd va 57 tu van vien cap trung hpc phd thdng. Ket qua phan
tich dii lieu khao sat tbyc tien vdi cac nhdm tu van vien timg cap hpc cho thay,
tu van vien cap tieu hpc va cap trung hpc phd thdng deu cam thay kha khd
khan trong hoat ddng tu van tam ly hpc dudng (cap tieu hpc: DTB = 3,24; cip
trang hoc phd thdng: DTB = 3,34; rieng tu van vien cap trung hpc ea sd gap
nhieu khd khan hon: DTB = 3,42). Tuy nhien, phep phan tich sp sanh Oneway Anpva mirc khd khan tam ly cua tu van vien d ba cap cho thay rang, giiia
cac nhdm tu van vien nay khdng cd khac biet d muc cd y nghTa thdng ke ve
khd khan tam ly trong boat ddng tu van tam ly hpc dudng (p > 0,05).
Nhu vay, khd khan tam ly cua tu van vien thudc miu nghien cuu d ba
cip (tilu hpc, THCS, THPT) khi tham gia hpat ddng tu vin tam ly hpc dudng
la nhu nhau. Tuy nhien, xem xet timg bilu hien khd khan tam ly cu the thj giua
hp ce nhiing khae biet nhit djnh, cd le dp dac diem lua tudi hpc sinh mdi cap
chi phdi.
5. Ket luSn

Qua tim bilu danh gia khach thi nghien cuu vl khd khan tam ly eiia tu
vin vien khi tham gia hpat ddng tu vin tam ly hpc dudng tai tinh Ba Rja Vung Tau, cbdng tdi nit ra mpt sd kit luan sau:
Tu vin vien thudc mau nghien ciiu tham gia boat ddng tu vin tam ly
hoc dudng tai cac trudng phd thdng tren dia ban tinh Ba Rja - Vung Tau gap
nhilu khd khan tam ly. Tu vin vien chua thye sy nam vung kien thuc ve tam
ly hpc ndi chung va tam ly lira tudi ndi rieng; nghiep vu tu van cdn rat ban che;
TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC, Sd 5 (242), 5-2019

59


hoat ddng ta vin tam ly hoc dudng la kiem nhiem nen chua chuan bi tanily
sin sang, dd chinh la nbOng nguyen nhan gay khd khan cho hp khi tu van tarn
ly eho hoc sinh. Mae du cd khd khan tam ly trong boat dpng tu van tamly hpc
dudng, sang ta vin vien da nhan thuc duae y nghia va tam quan trpng cua haat
ddng nay nen td ra phin khdi, tich eye tham gia, ludn trau dot, chia se kinh
nghiem eung ddng nghiep dl quylt tam lam tdt cdng viec W van tam ly cho
hoc sinh trong nha trudng, vdi tinh thin khdng biet tbi hpc, khdng biet thi hot,
sin sang tham gia cac Idp bli dudng dl nang cao trinh dp va nghiep vu theo
yeu cau cua boat ddng ta van tam ly hpc dudng.
Kit qua nghien cilu edn chi ra khdng cd khac biet d miic cd y nghTa thdng
ke vl khd khan tam ly eiia ta vin vien d ba cip hpc thupc miu nghien cira.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Bd Giao due va Dao tao (2017). Thdng tu si 3I/2017/TT-BGD DT vi hudng ddn
thuc hien cdng tdc tu vdn tdm ly cho hoc sinh irong trudng phd thong.
2. Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2018). Chuong trinh bdi duang ndng luc tu vdn cho giao
vien pho thdng ldm cdng tdc tu vdn cho hpc sinh (Ban hanh kem theo Quyet djnh sd
1876/QD-BGD-eT ngay 21/05/2018 cua Bp trudng Bp Giao due va Dao tao).
3. Nguyin Thi Oanh (2006, 2009). Tu vdn tdm ly hoc dudng NXB Tre.
4. Nguyen Chi Tang (2018). 77m hieu, ddnh gid kho khdn tdm ly ciia hoe sinh, tdi lieu

tap hudn nghiep vu tu vdn Idm ly hoc dudng (Lim hanh npi bp tai Trudng Cao ding
Su pham Ba Rja - Vung Tau).
5. Nguyin Thi Vu (2015). Kho khdn tdm ly eiia hoc sinh tiiu hoc ddn tpc Ihiiu sd a
Tdy Nguyen trong hpc tap mon Tieng Viet. Luan an tiln si Tam ly hpc. Hpc vien
Khoa hoc xa hoi.

60

TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd 5 (242)

-2019