Stress, trầm cảm, lo âu và chất lượng cuộc sống liên quan đến sức khỏe của học sinh trung học phổ thông

STRESS, TRAM CAM, LOAU
VA CHAT LUONG CUOC SONG
LIEN QUAN DEN SQC KHOE CUA
HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG
Nguyin Thj Thanh Mai
Vu Thi/dng Huy^n

Bg man Nhi, Trudng Dgi hgc Y Hd Ndi.

I

TOM TAT
Vi thdnh nien la giai doan phdt trien cd nhiiu thay ddi vi ca thi vd tdm ly, do
do nhiing rdi loan siic khde tdm thdn nhu trdm cdm, lo du vd stress a giai doan ndy
can dugc quan tdm. Mue tieu eiia nghien ciru la ddnh gid stress, trdm cdm, lo du vd
chdt luang cupc sdng lien quan den sire khde, su hdi long vd mdt lien quan giira cdc
linh vuc ndy ciia hgc sinh THPT Nghien ciru md td cat ngang duac tien hdnh trin
100 hgc sinh trung hge pho thdng thupe Trudng Hermann Gmeiner Hd Ngi ndm
2018. Cong cu nghien cuu dugc su dung la thang Trdm cdm, Ig du, stress (DASS-21),
thang Ddnh gid chdt lugng cupc sdng tdng qudt a ire em 4.0 vd thang do Su hdi long
tong qudt. Kit qud chi ra rdng, ty le hgc sinh trong nghien cuu cua chiing tdi cd bieu
Men trim cdm, lo du vd stress Idn luat Id 54%, 52% vd 45%. Theo tre tu trd lai, tdng
3iem chdt lugng cupc sdng lien quan den sire khde la 72,97 ± 11,57. Cd mdi tuang
quan chat che giUa trdm cdm, lo du, stress vd chdt lugng cupc song cUng nhu mire dg
hdi idng ting qudt. Nghien ciru ciia chung tdi cho thdy, cdc vdn de sire khde tdm thdn
a hgc sinh THPT, dde biet Id cdc vdn di cdm xiic a tudi vi thdnh niin cdn cd su quan
tdm nhieu han.
Tir khoa: Stress; Trdm cdm; Lo du; DASS-21; Hoc sinh THPT.
Ngdy nhdn bdi; 8/8/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi; 25/2/2019.
1. Bat van de
Tudi vi thdnh nien, dac biet giai doan trung hge phi thdng duge xem nhu

giai doan nhiiu cang thdng, thach thire bdi nhung thay dii Idn ve mat co thi va
lam ly. Day Id giai doan md cde vdn di vi sue khde tam thdn nhu stress, lo du vd
trdm cam gia tdng, ed thi ddn tdi nhQng xung dot, mdu thudn trong gia dinh, tinh
trang bao lye, nghien chat, rii loan an uing vd thdm ehi ed ty sdt. Theo ket qua
cuOc khdo sdt vi gidi tre Via Nam S A W (Survey Assessment of Vietnamese
TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 3 (240), 3 - 2019

89


Youth - khao sdt tren 7.584 ngudi tre lua tuii tir 14 - 25 d 42 tinh/thanh tren ed
nude) dugc edng b i ndm 2005, cd khoang 1/3 (32,4%) trong s i hg ed cam gide
buin ehdn vi cugc sing, 21% sd ngudi trd Idi hg thye sy thieu by vgng ve tuong
lai, 25,3% si ngudi cam thdy rat buon ehdn bode thiiu sy giilp da (Ministry of
Health Vietnam, 2005). Nghien ciru cua Dat Tan Nguyen va edng sy nam 2011
khag sat vi trdm cdm, Ig au va y tudng tu sdt tren 1.161 hge sinh trung hge phd
thdng tai Cdn Thg eho ket qua: ty le lo au vd trdm cam lan lugt la 22,8% va
41,1%, cd y tudng ty sdt la 26,3%, trong do, 12,9% s i ngudi cd ki hoaeh ty sdt
vd 3,8% - ci gdng thuc hien tu sdt (Dat Tan Nguyen, Christine Dedding, Tam
Thi Pham, 2013). Ndm 2012, Nguyin Cao Minh tiin hdnh nghien cuu tren 233
tre dg tuii tu 12 din 16 tren dia ban 4 tinh Hd Ngi, Hdi Phdng, Hda Binh vd Thdi
Nguyen dua ra ket qud ed 18% sd tre ed van de sire khde tam than, thu minh
tram cam ehiem 6,6%, lo du/trdm cam chiem 5,5% (Nguyen Cao Minh, 2012).
Nhimg van de sue khde tam than nhu stress, lo au, trdm cam, ty sat, chdt lugng
euge sdng eua tudi vj thdnh nien giai dgan trung hgc phd thdng thye sy trd thdnh
van de quan tam ddi vdi gia dinh, nhd trudng, edng ddng, he thdng y te va todn
xa hdi. Vi vay, ehung tdi tien hanh nghien eiiu nhdm myc tieu: 1/ Xac djnh ty le
stress, lo du, trdm cam bang thang do DASS-21 ciia hge sinh tnmg hgc phd thdng;
2/ Danh gid chdt lugng euge sdng, su hdi long va xdc djnh mdi tuong quan
giQa tram cam, lo du, stress vdi ehat lugng cugc sdng, sy hdi Idng eila hge sinh

trung hge phd thdng.
2. Khach the va phirtrng phdp nghien ciru
2.1. Khdeh the nghien eiiu
100 hge sinh trong so 150 hge sinh Idp 11 vd 12 Trudng Hermann
Gmeiner Ha Ndi, dugc chgn ngdu nhien bdng viee bic thdm chgn ra 3 Idp
tham gia nghien ciiu. NhOng tre khdng ding y tham gia bode eg thi dang ed
benh tram trgng se dugc loai khdi nghien cuu. Trong miu nghien eim cd 52
hge sinh nam va 48 hgc sinh nQ; 61 hge sinh 16 tudi va 39 hge sinh 17 tuoi, do
tuii trung binh la 16,39 ± 0,49 tuii.
2.2. Dia diem nghien ciru
Trudng Hermann Gmeitier Id trudng hgc thugc Ldng Tre em SOS Quic
te dugc thanh lap ndm 1994, gim 3 cdp tiiu hge, trung hgc ca sd va trung hgc
phd thdng. Chuang trinh hge theo khung chuang trinh cua Bd Gido due vd Ddo
tao, trong trudng ed khodng 15% hge sinh Id tre em thugc Lang Tre em SOS
euiig vdi 85% cdc ban eung tuoi d khu vyc xung quanh trudng thugc Quan Cau
Gidy, Hd Ndi.
Thdi gian nghien euu: 12/2017 - 1/2018.
Thiet ke nghien eiiu: md td edt ngang.

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2.3. Cong cu nghien ciiu
Cdng cu dugc dung di thu thap dQ lieu gdm nhung thang sau ddy:
+ Thang Ddnh gid stress, trdm cdm vd lo du DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety,
Stress Scale - bdn rut ggn) gdm 21 eau hdi, trong dd cd 3 vdn de lien quan din
sic khde tdm M n Id: trdm cam (7 eau hdi), lo du (7 cau hdi) vd stress (7 eau
hoi). Khdeh thi trd Idi v i tinh trang md minh earn thdy trong vdng 1 tudn vQa

qua tren thang diem 4 mQe do, 0 diem: diiu nay hoan todn khdng xdy ra vdi tdi;
1 diim: diiu ndy xay ra vdi tdi mgt phdn nag hay thinh thoang; 2 diim: diiu ndy
thucmg xdy ra vdi tdi hay nhiiu lan va 3 diim: diiu ndy rdt thudng xdy ra hay
hdu het liie ndo eung ed.
MQc do ciia cae rdi loan duge danh gid bdng edeh nhan hai Idn ting si
diim cila timg van di (do day Id ban nit ggn so vdi bdn ehinh gdm 42 cdu). Ting
dilm dao dgng tu 0 den 42 diem tuong ung vdi mue do eua tung vdn di. Kit qua
danh gid dugc phdn loai thdnh mue binh thudng vd 4 mQe do rii loan gim nhe,
vita, ndng va rat ndng rieng eho 3 van de duge ddnh gid. Thang da duge thich
nghi tiing Viet (Thaeh Due Tran, Tuan Tran, Fisher, 2013). Nam 2017, thang do
nay duge Le Thi Hong Minh vd edng sy su dyng trong nghien euu tren 1.745
hpc sinh THPT va nit ra ket ludn rang, thang do ndy ddng tin cay va phu hgp de
danh gia ttieu chiing trdm edm, lo du, stress d tre vj thdnh nien Viet Nam (Alpha
ciia Cronbaeh: 0,761 - 0,906) (Le M.T.H., Tran T.D., Fisher J. vd edng sy, 2017).
Dotincdy Alpha etia Cronbaeh cua 3 tieu thang do trong nghien eiiu eua ehung
toi la: 0,855 (trdm earn); 0,816 (lo du) va 0,803 (stress).
+ Thang Ddnh gid ehat luang cuoc song tong qudt a tre em (Pediatric
quality of life inventory^'^ 4.0 generic core scale - PedsQL™ 4.0) dugc xdy
dung bdi W. Vami vd cgng sy, duge cdng b i ndm 2001 ban ddnh chg tre tu 13
• 18 tuii. Tre ty trd Idi vi ede linh vuc gdm thi lye, cam xue, quan he xa hdi vd
hgc tap. Thang diim 5 miic do phan dnh tdn sudt xudt hien cae khd khan trcpng
cugc sdng etia tre, vdi 0 diim: khdng bao gid; 1 diim: gdn nhu khdng; 2 diem:
ddi khi; 3 diim: thudng xuyen vd 4 diim: hdu nhu ludn ludn. Dg tin cay dd
duge tde gid ddnh gia vdi Alpha eiia Cronbaeh eho ede linh vye va tdng qudt
theo thii tu Id 0,80; 0,73; 0,71; 0,68 va 0,88. Diim danh gia dugc quy dii cho
limg linh vuc vd ting diim ehung (Vami J.W., Seid M.P.S., 2001). Trong
nghien eim cua ehung tdi, do tin eay Alpha eua Cronbaeh cua todn bd thang do
la 0,888 vd ciia cdc linh vye theo tiiu ty Idn lugt la: 0,811; 0,819; 0,699; 0,650.
+ Thang do Su hdi long tdng qudt (PedsQL™ general well-being scale)
ban danh ehoti-etir 13 - 18 mii duge xay dyng bdi W. Vami va edng sy (1998).

Tre ty trd Idi 7 edu hdi vi edm nhan tich eye, sy hdi ldng eua ban than tre trong
vong I thdng qua vdi sue khde hien tai va tucmg lai, sy hd trg tir gia dinh vdi 5

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mue do ddnh gia tuong ung thang diim nhu sau: 0 diem: khdng bao gid, 1 dietn.
gdn nhu khdng, 2 diim: ddi khi, 3 diim: fliudng xuyen vd 4 diim: hdu nhu ludn
ludn (Vami J.W., 1998). Do tin eay Alpha eua Cronbaeh etia thang do ndy trong
nghien cQu la 0,809.
Xir Iy si lieu; Chung tdi su dyng phdn mim thing ke SPSS 16.0, trcjng
dd su dung cdc gid tri thing ke md td (ty le %, trang binh ting vd do lech
ehudn) vd he si tuong quan Pearson di phdn tieh dQ lieu. Nghien eim ndy dp
dung ehudn danh gia mQe do trdm edm, lo du, stress dya vao phien bdn dd thieh
nghi nhu trinh bdy d tren (Thach Due Tran, Tuan Tran, Fisher, 2013). Theo dd,
diem phan mue nhu sau:
Bang 1: Phdn bo mire diem
Tram cam

Lo au

Stress

Binh thuang

0-4

0-3

0-7

Nhe

5-6

4-5

8-9

Vua

7- 10

6-7

10-12

Nang

U -13

8-9

13- 16

14-1-

10-1-

17+

Mire do

Rat nang

Thang Chdt lugng cupc sdng tdng qudt va Su hdi long tong qudt cd diem
tho tu 0 den 4 diim nhu da gidi thieu, sau dd dugc quy dii thdnh thang diem tu
0 den 100 eho tung thang nhu sau:
- Ddi vdi thang Chdt lugng cugc sing ting quat: 0 = 100; 1 = 75; 2 = 50;
3 = 25 va 4 = 0. Nhu vay, diem edng eao thi hgc sinh edng ed chdt lugng sing
cao hon. Thang nay gdm 4 tiiu thang do (thi lue, cdm xue, quan he xd hdi vd
hge tap), tuong ung Id diem ede tiiu thang cdng eao thi chdt lugng sing eiia timg
mdt dd eung cang cao.
- Ddi vdi thang Su hdi Idng ting qudt: 0 = 0; 1 = 25; 2 = 50; 3 = 75 va
4 = 100. Thang diem nay cd y nghia la diem cdng eao thi hge sinh cang ed mQc
dd hai Idng eao hon vdi euge sdng eua minh.
Diem ddnh gid eua thang ting qudt vd ede tiiu thang Id trung binh ting
diem cua ede edu thdnh phdn eua thang hoac tieu thang tuong irng. Vdi edeh tinh
ndy, diim tii da eua tung tiiu thang vd eua todn bd thang diu la 100 va tii thiiu
laO.

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3. Kit quit nghien ciru
DQ lieu md td ve tram cdm, lo au va stress eiia mdu chgn vd mii tuang

quan giua chiing dugc hien thj d bdng 2.
Bang 2: Ty le, mire dp trdm edm, lo du, stress a hge sinh
trung hge pho thong vd tuang quan giira chiing

.«

Tv le %
Tram cam

Loan

Blnh thuong

46,0

48,0

55,0

Co trieu chirng

54,0

52,0

45,0

Gi&i tinh'

Stress

+ Nhe

6,0

9,0

19,0

+ Vira

31,0

15,0

11,0

-l-Nang

11,0

13,0

13,0

+ Rat nang

6,0

15,0

2,0

Nam (n = 52)

46,2

51,9

38,5

Nu (n = 48)

62,5

42,1

42,1

Tirffng quan giira stress - tram cam - lo au
Stress

r = 0,734'""'

Lo au

r = 0,746 '•••'

r = 0,719''"'

Ghichii: ***:p< 0,001 (miic y nghia cua luang quan luyin linh giiia tram cdm, lodu, stress
'": Ty le co trieu chiing trdm cdm, lo du, stress a nam vdnUso vdi long n cua limg gidi.

Kit qud chg thdy, ty le ed trieu ehung tidm edm, lo du va stress ti-ong
100 hge sinh duge khdo sat idn lugt la 54%, 52% va 45% (theo thang DASS-21).
Trong dd, 15% - 28% so hgc sinh ed trieu ehung trdm cam hoac lo au hoac
stress d mue tir nang din rdt ndng. Khdng ed sy khae biet giua nam vd nu ve ty
le cd trieu ehiing tram earn, lo au, stress (p > 0,05).
Dong thdi, kit qua eQng chi ra rdng, cd mii tuong quan tuyen tinh thudn
giOa ting diim stress vdi trdm edm, stress vdi lo du, tram cam vdi lo au, miic
do tiiong quan rdt ehat che vdi he s i tucmg quan lan lugt la 0,734; 0,719 vd
0,746 (p < 0,001). Cd thi hiiu, day Id ba dang rii Igan cam xue ed mdi quan he
mat thiet vdi nhau.

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Bdng 3: Chdt luang cuoc song lien quan den sice khoe
vd su hdi long ciia hpc sinh THPT
Cae linh vuc
danh gia

Chung
(DTB ± DLC)

So san h theo gioi tinh
Nam
(DTB ± DLC)

Nir
(DTB ± DLC)

P

Chat lircrng cuoc song tong quat
Theluc

77,69± 13,85

80,89 ±13,23

74,22 ± 13,8

0,01

Cam xue

62,5 ±18,23

66,83 ± 17,26

57,81 ± 18,27

0,01

Quan he xa hoi

79,75 ±13,39

80,29 ± 13,11

79,I7± 13,81

0,67

Hoc tap

69,1 ±13,75

68,85 ± 13,7

69,38 ± 13,93

0,85

Tong quat

72,97 ± 11,57

75,08 ±11,28

70,67 ± 11,55

0,05

Su hai long

65,35 ± 16,16

65,88 ±15,77

64,82 ± 16,7

0,75

Tuorng quan giir a chat lugng cuoc song tong quat va sir hai long: r = 0,585; p< 0,001
Ghi chii: Diem trung binh (BTB); dg lech ehudn (DLC).

Bang 3 md ta ehat lugng euge sdng duge xem xet tu gdc dg sue khde vd
sy hai Idng ehung eua hge sinh trung hge phd thdng.
Diem chat lugng cugc sdng ting qudt cho nhdm hge sinh dugc khag sdt
la 72,97 ± 11,57, d mue dd khd eao cua thang diim 100. So sanh diim giua 4
linh vyc cua thang do nay cd thi thdy, hgc sinh ed ehdt lugng quan hS xa hgi
eae nhdt vd ehdt lugng edm xQe thdp nhdt. d linh vye chdt lugng cam xQe,
diem cd dd leeh ehudn eao han cdc linh vye khdc eho thdy, day la linh vyc md
hge sinh cd sy ddnh gid khde biet nhau hon ed ve ehdt lugng sing eua minh so
vdi eae linh vuc khde.
So sanh chat lucmg cugc sing cua nam vd nu eho thay, diim trang binh
chat lugng euge sing d linh vye thi lye vd edm xue d nu ttidp ban d nam (vdi
p < 0,01). Cde linh vuc khde khdng ed sy khdc biet dang ki giQa nam vd nu.
Su hdi ldng lugng gid bdng thang do ddnh eho mil 13 - 18 mil (Well-being
Scale) la 65,35/100 diim, khdng ed su khae biet ed y nghia giQa nam vd nQ. Cd
mdi tuang qitan ddng bien ehat giua chdt lugng cugc sing ting qudt va su hdi
Idng vdi he sd Wong quan r = 0,585 (p < 0,001). Diiu dd cd nghia la nhQng tre
ed chat lugng cugc sdng cao hon thi ed su hai ldng eao hon vdi euge sing va
nguge lai, nhQng tre ed chdt lugng euge sing thdp ban thi it hdi long han vdi
cugc sdng eua minh.

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Bang 4: Moi tuang quan ^lira stress, tram edm, lo du
v&i chdt luang cupc song vd miie dp hdi ldng

Thang do DASS-21

Chat luong cuoc s6ng
tong quat
r

P

r

P

Stress

-0,527

< 0,001

-0,613

< 0,001

Tram cam

-0,623

< 0,001

-0,674

< 0,001

Loan

-0,495

< 0,001

-0,489

< 0,001

Su hai long tong quat

Bdng 4 hien thj mdi tuang quan giQa stress, tram edm, lo du vdi ehdt
lugng euge sdng va sy hai ldng cila hgc sinh.
DQ lieu chg thay, diim lugng gid stress, lo du va tram cam ddnh gid qua
DASS-21 ed mdi tucmg quan tuyen tinh nghjeh bien tu miic trung binh trd len
vdi diim chat lugng cugc sdng vd diem mue do hai Idng (he s i tuang quan r
trong khodng tir 0,489 den 0,674; p < 0,001), chung td stress, lo au vd tram
cam cang nang thi chat lucmg euge sdng va mQe do hdi Idng edng thap vd
nguge lai, nhQng hge sinh cd it trieu chung stress, tram cdm hay Ig au thi chat

lugng euge sdng vd mQe do hdi Idng edng eao hem.
4. Ban luan
Nghien euru eua ehung tdi khdo sat van de stress, tram cam, lo au vd chat
lugng euge sdng tren nhdm ddi tugng hge sinh trang hge phd thdng khdi Idp
II, 12 la nhdm ddi tugng cd nhieu van de ban so vdi nhdm tudi eua ddi tugng
nghien ciiu trong ede nghien eiiu trudc day. Tre dung truoc nhieu van de thdeh
thirc eila tuii vj thanh nien. NhQng trdn trd trong van de lua chgn ngdnh hgc,
nghi nghiep tuong lai, dp luc hge hdnh eila nhiing nam eudi cdp trudc ky thi
hiyin sinh dai hgc cdng thing Id nguyen nhdn cua nhiiu vdn di ve sue khde
lam thdn.
Kit qua sang Igc theo thang Ddnh gid ttdm cdm, lo au vd stress DASS-21
trong nghien eiiu etia ehiing tdi (bdng 2) eho thdy, ty le trdm cam, lo au vd
stress cua nhdm dii tugng nghien euu idn lugt Id 54%, 52% va 45%, khdng ed
sy khde biet giQa nam vd nQ. Ty le ndy cho thdy, rii loan edm xue la van de
tuong ddi phd biin trong mdu nghien cQu va rat edn duge quan tam. Ty le ndy
cao hon ede nghien euu trade day ciia Nguyen Tdn Dat vd edng sy (2011) vdi
ty 1$ lo au vd tram cam idn lugt la 22,8% va 41,1% vd cua Nguyin Cag Minh
(2012) vdi ty le thu minh trdm edm la 6,6% vd lo du/tiam cdm la 5,5%. Sy
khdc biet Idn ndy cd thi ly gidi vi nhdm dii tugng nghien cuu cua Nguyin Tdn

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Dat va edng sy ed tuii phdn b i tQ 12 - 15 tuii vd ti-ong nghien eiiu cua Nguyen
Cao Minh Id IQa tudi tu 12 - 16 eung thuge nhdm tuii vj thdnh nien, nhung
nhQng vdn di dp lye tam ly eua nhdm tuii ndy khong nhiiu nhu ddi tugng
nghien cQu trong nghien cQu cua chung tdi vdi liia tuii 16-17. Han nQa, trcing
mdu nghien euu eua chung tdi ed mdt s i tre cd hoan ednh dde biet thugc Lang

Tre em SOS hgc hda nhap eiing eae hge sinh Icip binh thudng. Ddy Id nhQtig
em chju nhiiu thiet tiidi trgng cuge sing tren nhiiti phuang dien khde nhau nen
rdt ed thi dd Id nhung yiu ti dnh hudng din cae vdn de ve sue khde tam than o
ede em. Cdng eu ddnh gid khde biet ti-ong ede nghien euu ke tren eung la mdt
diim ddng luu •<[. Trong nghien euu nay, ehung tdi su dung thang DASS-21,
trong khi Nguyin Cao Minh sii dung edng ey Id ban ty thuat ddnh cho tre
(Youth Self Report) va do dd, cd thi eho kit qua ddnh gia khdc nhau. Mgt
nghien euu tai An Dd eua K. Sathish Kumar va edtig sy (2014) tren 863 tre
nhdm mii 16 - 19, su ijyng ciing thang DASS-21 eho ket qua ty le tram edm, lo du
vd sfress idn lugt Id 19,5%, 24,4% vd 21% (K. Sathish Kumar, Brogen Singh
Akoijam, 2017) - thdp ban nhiiu so vdi kit qud ttong nghien cihi cua ehung tdi.
Them mgt ly dg nQa, cd thi dg si lugng ddi higng nghien euu etia chiing tdi cdn
gidi ban (100 fre) nen eung Idm anh hudng din kit qua ehung eua nghien ciiu.
Diim ehdt lugng cuge song do tre til ddnh gid trong nghien cuu eua ehung
tdi la 72,97 ± 11,57 eung tirang ty nhu nghien euu vi ehdt lugng sing cua tte em
Thai Binh do ehiing tdi nghien cQu nam 2015 d nhdm tiidi 13 - 18 (79,1 ± 12,61)
(Nguyen Thj Thanh Mai, Trdn Thj Nit, VQ Thuong Huyin, 2017). Diim htmg
binh ehdt lugng cugc sing d linh vyc thi lye vd cam xuc d nu thdp hem d nam
eung ed thi ly gidi dg U-e nQ vi mat thi ehdt ehung thudng kem hem nam, tdm ly
eiia tie nQ eung thudng kem in djnh hem nam, de bj tde dgng bdi ngoai ednh.
Diim hdi Idng trang binh eua tre frong nghien euu Id 65,35 ± 16,16, khdng ed sy
khdc biet ve su hdi Idng giQa nam vd nu.
Chung tdi su dung phdn tieh tuong quan de tim mdi tuang quan giira ede
yiu td stress, trdm cam va lo au vdi nhau va giua ede yeu td ndy vdi ede thang
diem ehdt lugng cugc sdng vd thang ddnh gid mue do hdi ldng tdng quat, de cd
edi nhin nhieu mat vd todn dien ban ve cam nhan vd ede van de eua tre. Ket qud
eung ehi ra mdi tuong quan chat vd rat ehdt giQa ede yeu td nay, vdi p < 0,001.
Stress ed mdi lien quan rd ret vdi lo au vd trdm cam, stress cang trdm trgng thi
trdm cdm vd lo au edng nang. Lo au vd trdm cam tuong quan rat chat ehe vdi
nhau eho thay lo au vd trdm cam la hai bieu hien edm xue thudng xudt hien kit

hgp vdi nhau tren eung mdt cd nhdn. Stress, tram cdm, lo au Id nhung yiu t i ed
thi dnh hudng rd ret den chat lugng euge sdng va mQe do hdi ldng eua hge sinh
lua tudi THPT. Mue do stress, tram cdm, lo au cang eao thi ehat lugng cuoc
sing va mue do hdi Idng edng thap. Chdt lugng euge sdng edng eao thi mue dd

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hai ldng edng cao. Nhu vay, d6 nang eao ehdt lugng euge sdng vd mQe dd hai
ldng vdi cuge sdng cua hge sinh THPT edn quan tam phdt hien sdm vd tu vdn,
diiu tii cho ti-e cd cdc vdn de cam xue nhu stress, trdm cam va lo du. Di thye
hien ttiuan Igi dugc boat dgng ndy, edn ddy manh cdng tac tham vdn hge
dudng, nen cd phdiig tham vdn tam ly trong tradng THPT, giup ho trg kjp thin
cho hgc sinh IQa tudi nay.
5. Ket luan
Ty le tram cam, lo au vd stress d nhdm nghien eiiu 100 hge sinh Idp 11,
12 tai Trudng THPT Hermann Gmeiner Hd Ndi idn lugt Id 54%, 52% va 45%.
Kit qua nghien eiiu cho thdy ed mii lien quan ehat ehe giQa mue do trdm cam,
stress va lo att. Mue dg trdm edm, stress vd Ig au eg lien quan ehdt ehe vdi chdt
lugng cuge sdng va sy hai ldng ehung vdi euge sing d tre em tuii 16-17.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Ministry of Health Vietnam (2005). Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth. Hanoi.
84 - 85.

2. Dat Tan Nguyen, Christine Dedding, Tam Thi Pham (2013). Depression, anxiety,
and suicidal ideation among Vietnamese secondary school students and proposed
solutions: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 1195 (13).
3._Nguyen Cao Minh (2012). Dieu tra ty le tre em vd vi thdnh nien a miin Bdc cd cdc

vdn di siic khde tdm thdn. Luan van thac sy nganh Tam ly hgc. Trudng Dai hpc Gido due.
4. Thach Due Tran, Tuan Tran, Fisher (2013). Validation of the depression anxiety
stress scales (DASS) 21 as a screening instrument for depression and anxiety in a
rural community-based cohort of northern Vietnamese women. BMC Psychiatry. 13.
5. Le M.T.H., Tran T.D., Fisher J. et al. (2017). Reliability, convergent validity and
factor structure of the DASS-21 in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents. PLoS One. 12 (
e0180557.
6. Vami J.W., Seid M.P.S. (2001). PedsQL™ 4.0; Reliability and validity of the
pediatric quality of life inventory'"^ version 4 0 generic core scales in healthy and
patient populations. Medical Care. 39 (8). 800 - 812.
7. Vami J.W. (1998). Pediatric quality of life inventory'^^ general well-being scale
(PedsQL"™ gtieneral well-being scale).
8. K. Sathish Kumar, Brogen Singh Akoijam (2017). Depression, anxiety and stress
among higher secondary school students of imphal, manipur. Indian J Community Med
42 (2). 94 - 96.
9. Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai, Trdn Thi Nit, Vu Thuong Huyin (2017). Khdo sdt chdt
lugng cuoc sdng lien quan sue khde a tre em khde manh bdng thang PedsQlJ''^ 4.0
generic core scale, phien bdn Viet Nam. Tap chi Y hoc thuc hanh. 6 (1.045). 181 - 184.

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97


Journal of Psychology
Vietnam A c a d e m y of Social Sciences
Abstracts
Phan Trong Ngo - Le Minh Nguyet
The Ego and the orientation of Ego education for students in schools
The article analyzes the fiindamental issues of the Ego in personality such as

its concept, origin, characteristics, and functions in personal life. The major
part of the article refers to the formation and development of the Ego, thereby
proposing some orientations of content to educate the core qualities of the Ego
in personality of students in schools.
Keywords: The Ego; Origui; Characteristics; Functions; Foimation and development;
Content for personality education; Personality of secondary school students.
Phan Thi Mai Huong
Developing the emotional Intelligence of teaching scale
This article addressed the psychometric properties of the emotional intelligence
of teaching scale developed for pedagogical students. Two studies with
different samples were conducted to cgnstruct this scale. Item analysis from the
first study (N- 103) identified ggod items of the scale. The second study (N =
403) indicated the psychometric properties of the scale. The results showed
that the scale has the reliability and validity available for measuring the
emotional intelligence of teaching and its five components for pedagogical
students. Some further research directions to improve the quality of this scale
have been discussed.
Keywords: Scale; Emotional intelligence; Emotional intelligence of teaching.
Truong Thi Khanh Ha
Understanding university students' body esteem using the BES
The article analyzed the results of a body esteem study using Body Esteem
Scale (BES) by Franzoi and Shields (1984). The survey was conducted on 713
students (70.1% females). The results showed that the Vietnamese version of
the BES has the same three dimentions as the original scale, but some items
did not belong to the same factors as they were in the original design The
reliability of the scale is high, thus the scale can be useion Vietnamese people
Men and women had different criteria for evaluating the health and beauty of

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TAP CHfTAM Ly HOC, Sd' 3 (240), 3 - 2019