Thái độ kỳ thị của phụ nữ bị bạo lực gia đình đối với vấn đề sức khỏe tinh thần

THAI D O KY THj CUA PHU N Q

B! BAO LUC GIA DINH DOI V6l
VAN DE SQC KHOE TINH THAN
Bai Viet suf dung sd liSu khao sat cCia dS tai: Thai do cua phu nCt bi bao li/c gia dinh doi
vdi sure khoe tinh than: Nghien ciru tnrdng hgp d cac tinh mien nui phia Bac do Vi6n
Tam ly hpc chii tri, PGS.TS. Do Ngoc Khanh lam chO nhidm.
PGS.TS. Do Ngoc Khanh
Trudng phdng Phong Tdm ly hgc ldm sdng, Vien Tdm ly hgc.

•

TOM TAT
Nghien cmt lim bieu thuc irang thai dp ky thi ciia 496 phu nu bi bgo luc gia
dinh a Lao Cai. Qudng Ninh va Hd Giang doi voi vdn de sue khoe tmh thdn. Kel qud
nghien ciru cho thdy, phu nir bi bao luc gia dinh co thai dp ky ihi doi vai vdn de sire
khoe linh than a cd ba thanh to" nhdn thuc. cdm xiic vd hdnh vi. Ty le phu nir bi bao luc
gia dinh co thdi do ky thi doi v&i vdn de sue khoe linh thdn la khd cao, han 50% so
nguai cho rdng ngirdi co vdn de ve sire khoe tinh thdn la ngudi nguy hiem. yeu duoi,
khong lu kiem sodt dupe bdn thdn, cdn phdi Iranh ho, lir do phu nu co cdm gidc tieu
cue nhu lo ldng, sa hdi. cdm thdy co dan. Kel qud Id hp co hdnh vi ne tranh, khong
muon lam ban. lam ciing. khong muon nhan ngudi co vein de ve sice khoe linh Ihdn vdo
ldm cho ho
Til' khoa: Thdi dp. Thdi dp ky Ihi doi vdi .sire khoe tinh than. Sire khoe tinh thdn
Ngdynhdnbdi.

n/ii/2Q\6; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi 25/2/2017.
ABSTRACT

This study investigates stigmatizing altitudes of 496 women victims of domestic
violence in Lao Cai, Quang Ninh and Ha Giang toward menial health problems. Results

indicated that women victims of domestic violence have .stigmatizing attitudes towards
mental health problems in all three components, cognitive, emotional and behavioral The
rale of women victims of domestic violence having stigmatizing altitudes toM'ards menial
health issues is quite high, over 50% of respondents hold that people with menial health
problems are dangerous, mentally weak unable lo control themselves, and they should be
avoided. People have negative feelings such as anxiety, fear, loneliness if they have problems
wilh menial health. Consequently, respondents lend lo keep distance from people with menial
health illness, they ovoid befriending, co-working wilh and employing them.
Keywords: Atliludes. Stigmalizing aUitudes towards mental health. Mental health

TAPCHiTAMLVHOC, S o 3 ( 2 l 6 ) , 3-2017


1. Mddau
Mirc dp bi bao luc cua ngudi phu nO anh hudng ddn sii'c khde tinh thSn
eiia hp va mdt trong cae ydu to tac dpng den mdi tucmg quan do chinh la thai
dp cua ngudi phu ntt vd vSn dd bao lire va sire khde tinh than. Da cd rat nhieu
nghien cuu d ca trong va ngoai nude vd thai dp ndi ehung va thai dp ddi vdi
nhiing ngudi ed vin di vi sue khde tinh than ndi rieng (Do K.N. et.al., 2014).
Nhidu nghien cira eho tbSy, khdng chi d Viet Nam, ma khjp nai tren the
gidi, ngudi dan trong cdng ddng va tham ehi ca nhirng chuyen gia da dupe dao tao
bai ban d nhung co sd sure khde tinh thSn ddu cd thai dp tieu cue ddi vdi nhtmg
nguiri gap cac vSn dd vd sue khde tinh tbSn (Crowe A., 2015; Weissman, 2001;
Brinn, 2000; Markowitz, 1998). Nhihig ngudi ed khd khan vd sue khde tinh than
thudng dupe nhin nhan la nguy hiem va khdng the doan trude duac (Riskind va
Wahl, 1992), rfa nhidu ngudi ha thip gia tri va ky thi nhirng ngudi bi benh tinh
than (Freidl, Lang, Scherer, 2003; Wahl, 1999).
Thai dp xa hdi tieu cue ddi vdi nhirng ngudi bi rdi loan tinh than xual
phat tir sir nhan thire sai lech ve van de sue khde tinh than (Corrigan va Penn,
1999). Nghien cuu cua Gold (1992) ve thai dp eiia ngudi Vict Nam ddi vdi benh

tinh thiin dii phat hien ra rang '^Ngirdi Viet khd ky thi ddi vdi benh tinh thdn vd su
ky thi ndy ldm hgn che hdnh vi tim kiem su tra giiip vd dich vu chua tri, tic do
ddn den viec hgn che dich vu sue khde tinh thdn'^
Cac nghien euu cho thay, thai dp lieu cue ciia nhirng ngudi xung quanh
hay ngudi than ddi vdi nhifng ngudi gap van de sire khde tinh thin cd anh hudng
xiiu den ngudi benh. Ky thi la rao can ddi vdi nhung ngudi can tri lieu benh tinh
than, dae bict la nhung ngudi di bi tdn thuang nhu phu nir bi bao hanh (Ojeda
va McGuire. 2006: Gary, 2005). Nd cd thd lam cho ngudi benh bi xa hdi xa lanh,
giam CO hdi viec lam. ca hdi tim kidm su cham sdc y Id (Smith, 2002: Link va
Phelan, 2001. 2006; Stuart. 2006; Paris, 1996; Corrigan va Penn, 1999; Klin va
Lcmish, 2008, din theo Courtney McQuoid, 2010), ddng thdi trai nghiem su xa
lanh xa hpi ciia ban be, gia dinh va ngudi quen (Wahl, 1999). Su ky thi cung cd
Ihc lam cho nhirng trieu chung benh tdi te di. lam lang nguy co xuat hien cac
benh thuc Ihe (Chapman et.al.. 2005)_hay gay ra cac trieu chirng khae lien quan
den cac benh tinh than nhu lo au va Irjm cam (Link et.al.. 1989).
Sir k> Ihi ciia cdng ddng ddi vdi benh tinh thiin lam ban chd hidu bidt ciia
cac thanh vien trong cdng ddng vd benh linh ihSn. Su ky thi cua eae nha chuyen
mdn khdng chi anb hudng den ngudi cd vim dd vd sue khdc tinh thiin, nd cdn
anh hudng den thai dp cua cac chuyen gia Irong ITnh vuc nay. T'hai dp lieu cue
\di benh tinh ihan cua cac nha chuyen mdn cd thd lam nay sinh cam giac tuyet

22

TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, S6 3 (216), 3-2017


vong va cam thSy tri lieu khong co k6t qua (Cohen, 1990); cam thay khong muon
cung cSp dich vu cho ngucri benh (Cohen, 1990; Minkoff, 1987). Tuy nhien, su ky
thi d6i voi benh tinh ihhn khong phdi luon din 6%n hau qua tieu cue. Doi khi vi
sir k^' thi ma nguai benh cung c6 th€ tra nen manh me hon. Thanh vien co quan

luat phap CO dinh kiSn vai ngucri co benh tinh than, co the ngan chan tien trg cap
cho dich vu sue khoe tinh than, song dieu do lai giiip lam tang kha nang song
dpc lap va miic tieu khoi benh cua benh nhan (Skitka va Teflock, 1992, 1993).
Nghien ciiu thai do ciia phu nO bi bao luc gia dinh (nhom phu nu co
nguy CO cao ve van dh sue khoe tinh than) d6i voi v^n de sue khoe tinh thiin
nham tim ra nhiJng bien phap thay doi thai do cua phu nft, thiic day ho tim
kiem su h6 trg khi co nhu cau de giam thieu vkn dh thuang tat.
Trong nghien cuu nay, chiing toi thdng nhat each hieu mot s6 khai niem
cu the nhu sau:
Siic khoe tinh thdn
To chuc Y te The gioi (WHO) mo ta sue khoe nhu "mgt trang thai hanh
phuc hoan toan ve mat the chat, tinh than va xa hgi va khong chi don thuan la
su vang mat ciia benh tat hay yeu duoi" va con them rang tinh trang hanh phiic
cua mgt ca nhan la kha nang doi pho voi cac cang thang binh thuang trong
cugc song, lam viec va dong gop cho egng dong hieu qua.
Mgt thuat ngG lien quan thuong dugc sir dung la vdn de sire khoe tinh
than hay benh tinh thdn. Thuat ngu nay dugc dimg de chi chung cho tat ca cac
roi loan tinh than, do la nhiing dieu kien siic khoe dac trung bai su thay doi
trong suy nghT. tam trang hoac hanh vi (hoac mgt so dieu kien ciia chiing) ket
hgp voi su dau kho vc tinh than hoac the chat va/hoac chuc nang bj suy giam.
Co cac dang van de sue khoe tinh than khac nhau. pho bien nhat la tram cam
va roi loan lo au, mpt so it pho bien han do la tam than phan liet va roi loan
luong cue (Kitchener va cpng sir. 2002).
Thdi dp vd thdi dp doi vdi sdc khde tinh than
Co nhieu dinh nghia khac nhau ve thai dp. Thai dp ciia mpt ca nhan ddi
vdi mpt khach the nao do la: "T hien hudng hanh dgng. nhan thuc. lu duy, la
cam nhan ciia ngudi dd vdi khach the lien quan. f)d la su sin sang phan ung"
(Newcomb T.M.. 1958); '"La mat bieu hien ba ngoai cua y nghTa. tinh cam ddi
vdi ai hay vice gi thdng qua net mat. cii chi. hanh dpng" (Nguyen Kh5c Vicn.
1995); "La su tich luy ihdng tin vd mdt ddi tugng, ea nhan, tinh hudng hoac

TAP CHI TAM L ? HOC, Sd 3 (216), 3 - 2 0 1 7


trai nghiem dd tir do bdc Id ra khuynh hudng hanh ddng theo each tich cue
hoac tieu cue ddi vai mpt sd ddi tuang" (Eagly A.H. va Chaiken S., 2007).
Didm Chung eua eac tac gia la xem thai dp nhu thien hudng hanh ddng
dua vao su tich luy thdng tin vd ddi tupng qua nh?n thire, tu duy va tinh cam.
Vi vay, trong nghien ciru nay, chung tdi thdng nhat rang, thai dp la phan ung
tich cue hay tieu cue eua mdt ngudi hay nhieu ngudi ddi vdi mdt ddi tupng nao
dd, thi hien qua suy nghT, cam xiic hay hanh vi cua ngudi hay nhdm ngudi.
Thai dp ddi vdi vAn dd sire khde tinh than la phan irng cd the la tich cue
hay tieu cue (ky thi). dupe thd hien qua suy nghi, cam xuc hay hanh vi cua ca
nhan hay mdt nhdm ngudi ddi vdi nhiing ai cd vin de ve sue khde tinh than
hay thuat ngir nhirng vSn dd vd sire khde tinh than ndi chung.
2. Phu-ffng phap va khach the nghien cuu
Khdch thi
Khaeh thd tham gia nghien cdu gdm 496 phu nii bj bao lire gia dinh dupe
sang Ipc tir 622 phu nir da kdt hdn, tudi trung binh la 40,75 (thap nhat la 18 va
cao nhat la 75) d cac huyen midn nui cua Quang Ninh (Hoanh Bd. Van Ddn),
Lao Cai (Cam Dudng, Lao Chai) va Ha Giang (Hoang Su Phi).
Lien quan ddn trinh dp hpc vin, cd 7,3% sd khach thd cd trinh dp trung
cap trd len, 39,1% sd phu nir cd trinh dp trung hpc phii thdng, 37% sd ngudi eo
Irinh dp trung hpc ca sd, 10.7% sd phu nil chi hpe hdt tidu hpe va 5,8% sd
khach the khdng bict chu.
Trong mSu ehpn ed 12.2% sd phu nir d nha lam ndi trp. 7,6% sd phu nir
da v6 huu. 12.2% sd phu nir budn ban tu do, 28.3% sd phu nu lam edng an
luang. cdn lai 39.6% sd phu nir lam nghe ndng.
Thang do

Trong nghien ciru nay. thang do Y kien ve benh tinh than (Opinion about
Mental Illness (OMl) scale) do Cohen va Stuening (1962) phat trien, sau dd
Taylor (1981) sira ddi dii dupe sir dung de khao sal thuc lien. T^bang do md la
mpl trucmg hap phu nir tiin Lan. 30 tudi vdi eae bieu hien tram cam. T~hang do
cd lat ca 39 menh dc. trong dd mpl sd menh de the hien y kien hoac dimg hoac
sai lien quan tdi nguyen nhan. Irieu chii'ng tram cam ciia nhan vai. mpl sd menh
dc md ta hiinh \ i gia dinh mang linh tich cue hoac lieu cue cua khach the nghit;n
ciru ddi vdi nhim vai va cam xiic ciia ngudi Ira Idi niiu bp d vao hoan canh ciia
nhan vat. T'hai dp ciia ngudi tra idi dupe danh gia Iheo thang likert tir 1 dii:in den

24

TAPCHITAMLVHOC, Sd3 (216), 3 -2017


4 didm (1 - hoan toan khdng ddng y, 4 - hoan toan ddng y) vdi cac y kien dupe
neu ra (Antonak va Livneh, 1988).
Thang do dupe phan thanh 3 tieu thang do. Tieu thang do thai dp bieu hien
qua nhan thirc dupe dat ten la "dieu tieng xdu cd nhdn" ed he sd Alpha cua
Cronbaeh la 0,70. Tieu thang do thai dp bieu hien qua hanh vi dupe gpi la "hdnh
vixa Idnh xa hgi' cd he sd Alpha cua Cronbaeh la 0,78. Tidu thang do thai dp bieu
hien qua cam xuc dupe gpi la "mirc do cdm xiic" cd he sd Alpha eiia Cronbaeh la
0,75.
Dua vao diem trung binh eua eae tieu thang do, thai dp d tirng khia canh
bieu hien dupe chia thanh 3 muc dp: Muc dp thap img vdi cac trudng hpp cd
diem trung binh tir 1 den 2, mire dp trung binh vdi diem trung binh tir 2,01 den 3
va mirc dp cao la nhung trudng hpp cd diem trung binh tren 3.
3. Ket qua nghien cu'u thu'c tien
Thai dp ky thi cua phu nil bi bao lire gia dinh ddi vdi eac van dc sire
khde tinh than dupe the hien qua eac chieu canh khac nhau, bao gdm nhan thire

tieu cue ve ngudi benh, cam xiie tieu cue neu d vao dia vi ngudi benh va hanh
vi xa lanh ngudi benh. Phan dudi day trinh bay ket qua eu the.
3.1. Thdi do ky thi eda phu nd- bi bgo Itic gia dinh ddi vdi sii-c khde
tinh thdn the hien a thdnh Id nhan thirc
Ket qua nghien ciru eho thay, ed han mpt nua sd khach the ed thai dp ky
thi thdng qua each nhin nhan tieu eye ve nhung ngudi cd van dii sue khde linh
than. Nguiri cd van dc vc su'c khdc linh than (cu the la ngudi bj tram cam)
dupe nhin nhan la yeu dudi (50,4% sd phu nir). hp cd the thoat khdi van de dd
neu hp mudn (neu hp van bi tram cam cd nghia la hp da khdng mudn cd gang
vupt qua (64.5% sd phu nu') va hp yeu dudi den muc khdng tu kidm soat dupe
cam xuc cua minh (64,6% sd ngudi tra Idi)). Kct qua nay phii hpp vdi kdt qua
nghien cuu tren the gidi rang, ngudi cd van de vc siic khde tinh than dupe coi
la kem chuc nang. yeu dudi (Fife va Wright. 2000).
Khdng chi nhin nhan nhung ngudi cd van dc' sire khde linh than la ca nhan
yeu dudi. nhirng ngudi Iham gia nghien cuu cdn cho rang hp la ngudi nguy hidm
(52.0%). la nhirng ngudi thudng khdng doan trude dupe (52,1%) va cjn phai tranh
hp (33,5%). Day la nhung nhan djnh sai lech va lieu cue vd nhirng ngudi cd vin dd
sire khdc linh than. Thuc chat, nhirng ngudi bi tram cam khdng hd nguy hidm vii
khd doan. hp can cd ai dd gan giii va giup do hp. KSl qua nay cung hoan loan phii
hpp viVi cac nghien ciru di trude cho rang, thai dp ky thj ddi vdi nhirng neuiri cd van
dd vd sire khdc tinh than la do niem tin rang, ngudi benh ed hanh vi bao luc, lii

TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 3 (216), 3 - 2017

25


ngudi nguy hidm (Cogiran et.al., 2001; Crisp, 2000). Cd le nhieu phu nil bj bao luc
gia dinh nhan thdc sai lech ve benh tinh thin do hp khdng hidu ro nguyen nhan gay
benh, hp xem benh nay la dj thudng. Vi vay, hp dd cd thai dp sp hai nhiing ngudi co

vin de ve sire khde tinh than.
Bdng I: Thdi dg cita phu nic bi bgg luc gig dinh doi vai sire khde tinh thdn
thi hien a khia canh nhdn thicc
Mii'c do danh xia(%)
Nhirng ngu-oi co van dc sijc khoe
tinh than

Hoan toan
khong
diing

Khong
dung

Bling

Hoan
toan
diing

DTB

Co [lie thoat khoi neu ho muon

20,3

15,2

37,6

26,9

2,71

La bieu hien ciia ca nhan yeu duoi

23,3

26,3

35,S

14,6

2,42

Bi 6m ve thirc the*

24,2

22,6

41,1

12,1

2,41

La ngirai nguy hiem

23,8

24,2

36,5

15,5

2,44

Nen tranh

35,0

32J

20,1

12,8

2,11

Thuang khong doan truo'c duo'c

27,2

22.0

33,3

17,5

2,44

Se chang noi vai ai

38,0

36,2

15,2

10,6

1,98

Khong kiem soat diroc cam xuc ciia
minh

16,1

19,3

50,1

14,5

2,63

Toan thang do

DTB 0' muc thap chicm 25,7%;
Muc trung binh: 64,5%;
Miic cao: 9,8%

2,39

Ghi chir Cdc menh de en dau * duoc imh diem ngicoc

Mpl sd nghien cii'u ciia tac gia nude ngoai vd Viet Nam cQng ung hd kdt
qua nghien cuu vira trinh bay. RuUedge cho ring, thai dp ky thi cua ngudi Viet
Nam ddi vdi ngudi cd van dc sire khde tinh thin dupe thd hien qua vide dan nhan
cho ngudi benh. Ngudi Vict Nam thucmg gpi ngudi cd vin dd vd sire khdc tinh
than (ke ea nhung ngudi chi cd vin dd rdi loan lo au hoac trim cam, ma khdng
phai bj tam than phan licl) hoac ngudi cd hanh vi ky la (banh vi khdng pho bidn)
la "dien". Hp cho rang, nhirng ca nhan nay khdng dupe phep sdng trong cdng
dong ma phai bi nhdt Irong nha thuang dien... Chinh vi nhirng nhan thuc sai lech
ve benh tinh than nen ngudi Viet Nam chip nhan trim cam. cd dan. sp hai nhung
lai khdng chap nhan "cd vin dd ve sire khde tinh thin". (!) Viet Nam "trim cam va
26

TAP CHiTAM LV HOC, Sd3 (216), 3 - 2017


sde khde tinh thfin khdng ddng nghia" (Rutledge, 1992, tt. 103). Nghidn ciiu cua
Lin va Masude ciing cho thiy, ngudi Vidt Nam cd thanh kien ve bdnh tinh thaii
nen hp ed xu hudng bao cao cac than phien vd co the, the chat ban la cae van de
vd tinh thin. Nhidu nguoi khdng phan biet dupe su khac biet giila eac mdi quan
tam ve tam ly va thd chat (Lin va Masuda, 1983).
Cac nghien cuu da ehi ra rang, ban than thuat ngii "benh tinh than" c6
tae dpng tieu cue mpt each tu dpng den niem tin va thai dp ddi vdi cac ca nhan

cd benh tinh than. Chinh ban than thuat ngii da lam cho ngudi bj bdnh dupe coi
la nguy hiem ddi vdi ban than hp va ddi vdi nhiing ngudi khae (Corrigan.
Warpinski va Gracia, 2004; Price, 2005). Thai dp tieu cue nhu vay ed mpt tac
dpng dang ke den eac khuyet tat lien quan den benh tinh than.
Dd so sanh vdi kct qua nghien euu mirc dp ky thi ddi vdi van de sire
khdc tinh than d eae nude khac tren the gidi khi diing ciing thang do, chiing tdi
nhan thay, phu nir bi bao hanh d mpl sd vimg mien niii phia Bae nude ta cd
mire dp ky thi cao ban rat nhicu so vdi khaeh the d mdt sd nude. Theo kct qua
nghien ciru ciia Livington va cdng su (2013). ty le nhirng ngudi danh gia
nhirng ngudi ed van de sue khde tinh than mang dieu lidng xau d muc dp thap
la 65,r/o, danh gia muc trung binh la 31,9% va danh gia mirc dp cao la 3,0%>.
Trong khi kel qua nghien ciru cua chiing tdi cho thay, chi cd 25,7%) sd phu nil
bi bao lire danh gia nhirng ngudi cd van de sire khde tinh than mang dieu tieng
xau d mue dp thap, 64,5%) sd phu nii danh gia d mire dp trung binh va 9.8% so
phu nir danh gia d mirc dp cao.
T'dm lai, d khia canh nhan thirc, thai dp ky thi cua phu nir bj bao luc gia
dinh ddi vdi van dc sue khde tinh than trong nghien ciru nay d mire dp Irung
binh, luy nhien. cao ban so vdi mau nghien ciru d nude khiic,
3.2. Thai do bieu hien d' thdnh td cdm xuc
Kel qua nghien ciru cho thay, thai dp ky Ihj cua ngudi phu nil bj bao lire
gia dinh d cac vimg mien nui phia Bac ddi vdi van dc sire khdc tinh thin cdn
the bien rat ro d Ihanh td cam xiic.
Cam giac budn vii cd don chicm ty le cao nhat. Kct qua nay phan anh
gian tiep thai dp ky ihj cua nhirng nguiri xung quanh qua hanh vi xa lanh him
cho nan nhan cam thay don ddc. Tuy nhien. kel qua nay cung cho chung la
Ibiy rang, ngudi phu nil bj bao lire da thi; hien sir ihiu cam vdi nhirng ngudi
gap cac van dc vc sue khdc linh than, hp hidu d trong hoan canh dd se ciim
thay nhu the niio.

TAPCHITAM LVHOC, Sd3 (216), 3 - 2 0 1 7

27


Bdng 2: Thdi do ciia phu nu hi bgo luc ddi v&i sice khde tinh thdn
bleu hien a khia cgnh cdm xuc

Neu CO van dc sire khoe
tinh than

MiJc do dong V (%)
Hoan toan
Khong
Dung
khong
dung
dijnf^

Hoan
toan
dung

DTB

2,10

Toi cam thay xau ho

29,8

41,0

18,2

11,0

Toi se thay tire gian

32,4

36,9

16,3

13,4

2,10

Toi cam thay buon va co doc

18,6

25,9

35,4

20,1

2,57

Toi se cam thay tuyet vpng

29,9

29,5

25,2

15,4

2,26

Tram cam va lo au la ciiti benh dang xau
ho va bi beu xau
Toan thang do
DTB ff miJc thap chicm 48,7%;
Mirc trung binh: 40,7%;
Mirc cao: 10,6%

41.5

46.6

6.7

5,2

1,76

2,15

Cam giac tuyet vpng cung dupe ghi nhan d hon mdt nua sd phu nir dupe
khao sat. Tren thue te. nhiing ngudi cd van dc ve sue khde tinh thin d Viet Nam
bi mang dieu tieng xau. dich vu cham sdc sire khde tinh thin khdng dupe phd
bien. chi tap tmng d mpt sd benh vicn Idn vii hau bet chi dupe dimg thudc. dich vu
chain sdc lam ly thieu hul. Vi vay, d cac linh midn mil, ngu'di dan khdng tidp can
dupe thdng tin va djch vu cham sdc, dan den cam giac tuyet vpng khi ed benh.
Cam giiic uic gian vii xau hd khi hinh dung minh cd vin dd vd sire khde
linh than cimg dupe lim thay trong nhdm khach the nay. Cd 29.7% sd phu nir
Ciim thay liic gian va 29.2% sd phu nir cam thay xau hd ndu hp hoac ngudi nha
hp cd van de vc sire khde linh thin. Tham chi. cd ban l/IO sd phu nil coi trim
cam v,i lo au la can benh dang xau hd va bi beu xiu. Kdt qua nay cung khdng
khac vdi phai hien lir nghien ciru cua Gold nam 1992 vd thai dp lieu cue ddi
vdi benh linh than cua nguiri Viel Nam. Gold cho ring "vin dd linh thin bj
ngudi Vicl Nam coi la mdt vet nha Idn - do dd khd cd thd thao luan nhirng vin
dc^nay miikhdng danh Ihirc cam giac xiu hd". He qua la nan nhan khdng tim
kiem su hd trp. Nghien ciru cimg chi ra ring, ngudi Viet Nam it tim kidm su
giiip do Irong cac ca sd lam siing ban ciic nirdc khac (Gold. 1992).
3.3. Thdi do ky thi Ihi hien d thanh to hdnh vi (khoang cdch xu hdi)
Kel qua nghien cuu cho ihiy. cd han 1/3 sd phu nu' bi bao lire gia dinh
cd hiinh li xa lanh ddi vdi nhirng ngudi cd van di vi sue khdc linh thin. Cu
2X

TAP CHl TAM lyHOC, Sd 3 (216), 3 - 2017


thd, 35,7% sd ngudi duac hdi khdng muon nhan ngudi ed van de siic khde tinh
thin vao lam vide eho minh. 28,9%) sd ngudi dupe hdi khdng mudn ket ban va
29,3% sd ngudi dupe hdi khdng mudn lam eiing vdi nhiing ngudi cd van de ve
sire khde tinh thin.

Bdng 3: Ty le phu nic bi bgo hdnh cd hdnh vi xa Idnh doi vai
nhimg ngudi cd vdn de ve sice khde tinh thdn
Neu ai do co van dc sire khoe
tinh than, toi sc

Mire do dong v (%)

DTB

Hoan toan
khong dung

Khong
dung

Dung

Hoan toan
diing

Khong nhan vao lam

29,9

34,4

20,0

15,7

Khong muon lam cimg

33,0

37,7

15,3

14,0

2,10

Khong mu6n kct ban
Toan thang do
DTB 6- mirc thap: 60,6%;
Mire trung binh: 27,2%;
Mii-e eao: 12,2%)

30,1

41,0

14,8

14,1

2,13

2,21

2,14

Tra Icri phong van sau. mpt phu nii chia se: "Lam sao ma nhdn nhimg
nguai CO vdn de ve sue khoe tinh thdn vao lam viec dirac, hp khdng ldm duac
ddu, hpyeu dudi vd bdt ihudng ldm'' hoac chia se ciia nguai khac: "Khong muon
lam cung vdi ngudi cd vdn de ve sire khoe linh ihdn ddu. hp nguy hiem ldm..."
Nhu vay, thai do ky thi cua nguai dan ve van dc sue khoe tinh than da
lam han che ca hoi lam viec ciia nguai benh, tham chi con lam cho hp hi co lap
vc xahpi.
Kct luan
Thai dp ky thi ciia phu nu bj bao luc gia dinh doi vol nguai co vin db
sue khoe tinh Ihiin duac the hien ca 6 3 mat nhan thuc, cam xuc va hanh vi.
Phu nu bi bao luc a cae vung mien nui phia Bac cho riing. nhijng nguai co vhn
de vc sue khoe tinh than la nguai yeu duoi. khong the ty can bkng cam xiic ciia
minh, hp la nhung nguoi nguy hiem. kho doan truac. c^n phai each ly khoi xa
hoi. Ty le phu nu- bao cao rang, hp co cam xiic tieu cue ndu gap vSn dc vi3 sue
khoe tinh than cung kha cao. Ban than hp sc khong nhan nhung nguoi co van
de vc sue khoe tinh than vao lam vice, hp cung khong mu6n lam viec ciing hav
ket ban vai nhung nguoi nhu vay. Cac kel qua nay gpi y rSng. can phai lam vii

TAPCHiTAMLyHOC, So 3 (216), 3 - 2 0 1 7

29


nhiSu dd CO thi giam thai dp thiiu than thien va mang tinh phan biet d6i xii doi
vcfi ngirdi co v i n de vh siic khoe tinh than.

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^~

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