Bạo lực ở phụ nữ các tỉnh miền núi phía bắc

BAO LL/C 6 PHU NO
cAc TINH MIEN NUI PHIA BAC
M i via siiiuns sd lieu khao sal ciia de tai: 77i* tfo cfia phu nif bi bao luc gia iinh doi
vil sut khoe Hnh than: Nghien lOu tn/dng hgp a cac bnh mien nui phia flic do Wen Tam
ly hpc chu Iri, PGS.TS. B6 Ngoc Khanh Iam chQ nhiem

PGS.TS. Dd Ngpc Khanh
Tnrdng phdng Phdng Tdm ly hgc ldm sdng. Vien Tdm ly hgc.

TOM TAT
It •
/i""''"'""'""''" r^lP'''''Bdc la nhdm phu nScd nguy ca cao bi bao luc vd
kho can thiipid van hda chdp nhgn vd che day bgo luc di bdg vi hinh dnh gia dinh
Nghien cuu 622 phg nil vol ludi Irung binh Id 40.75 a cdc linh miin nil phia Bdc duac
thay O'lejhunu cac ttnh miin nil phia Bdc cd muc dg bi bgo luc cag han phu ni a
cdc tinh dongbdng noi Chung trongdo. bgo luc Hnh Ihdn Id ldn nhit.
liipdinldbao
luc the choi. xa hgi. tmh due vd kinh ti.
Tfr khoa: Bgo lire gia dinh: Bgo lvc phu nU: Bgo luc
.\'gdy nhdn bdi 9/612016; Ngdy duyil ddng bdi- 25/8/2016.

I.fijtvande
nhto „ ^ ^ t T " ' ' ^ . ' = ! : ^ " / •»*• '^o ti™ quanttpn^ c t a gia dinh vd h t o
nhan nhmig bjo Ipe gia dmh vin xdy ra phd bito, bit chip dd chinh Id nguyto
ehto ? , t
•r
".''"' ^ "'""• " ' "8^'™ "" " ' ° "h^y- ™ 5 ngudi php ntt
ctau A till CO 2 ngum ttai nghifim bjo lpc gia dinh. Trong nhdm phu ntt chdu A
till van de bjo lvc gia dinh d edc nhdm dto tpe tfiiiu sd djc bifit nghifim trpng
kh. gia tt. eua nguoi phu ntt khong dupc ddnh gia cao bdng ngudi dto ong (Hlee,'
9*"= n * i « n cuu chi r a r i n g , bao Ivc gia dinh d i lai he qud tifiu cue k i c d

mroc md, va lau ddi^ B j o luc gia dinh Idm cho phu nu bi tfin tfiuong v i sue khde
nhu b, tfiupng. dau d j day, khuyfit tat, dau mto tinh (Knig et. al., 2002) Bao7ve
c ^ m ^ ^ ' ' - ^ ™ ' * ' r" '^ '"" " * " "^i" * ^ " h " '^''"'"
' » 3u, trim' cam
earn tfiay vo vpng ton tfiuong sau sang chan. cd y mdng va tiiu m sat (Andrews
va Brown. 1988: Asttn et. al., 1993: Krug el. al.. 2002; Tang. 1997). dnh hudng

TAPCH(TAMLyHC)C,Sd9(210),9-20!6

25


Tfti
idu ddi din sp phdt min tdm Iy cfla con cdi. Trfi em chiing kifin bao lpcttonggia
dinh cd nguy co cao vfi cdc vin dfi hdnh vi, tinh cam va cdc than phifin visuckhfie
tfli chdt (McCIoskeyet. al., 1995; Jounrileset al., 1989). Trfi emttaichflng kifin bjo
lvcttonggia dinh cung ttog nguy co sfl- dung bao Ivc khi chung trd thtoh ngufiri
ldn (Krug et. al., 2002).
6 Vifit Nam cd nhifiu nghifin cfl-u ve bao Iuc gia dinh vd ty Ifi phu nu bi
bjo Iuc gia dinh cung rdt khac nhau tuy thupc vdo phuong phdp nghten cflu va
khach thi nghifin cuu, cflng nhu vung mifin (Do Ngpc Khanh vd Bahr Weiss,
2014). Mdt si bao cdo cho thdy ty lfi bjo Ipc d cac vflng mifin nui phia Bdc la cao
(Trung tdm Nghifin cdu Gidi, Gia dinh vd Phdt mfin cpng dong, 2006),ttongkhi
chua cd nghien cdu thpc trjng phu nd bi bao Iuc gia dinh d cac vun^ nd^. Nhu
vjy, vdn dfi phu nO bi bjo Ivc gia dinh d cdc tinh mifin nfli phia Bac rdt dang
dupc quan tam nghien cuu.
2. Co sd 1^ luan, phirong phap va quy trinh nghien cii-u
Theo Ludi Phdng chdng bgo lire gia dinh, bgo lire gia dinh bao gfim edc
hdnh vi cua mpt hoac cac thdnh vifin ttong gia dinh dung vdi muc dich ldm hji
mpt hojc nhieu cd nhdn khdc sau ddy:

a) Htoh hj, ngupc dJi, ddnh djp hodc hdnh vi cfi f khdc xam hji din sflc
khde, tinh mjng;
b) Ltog ma hojc hdnh vi ci •} khdc xflc phjm danh du, nhto phdm;
c) Co Ijp. xua duoi hojc gay dp Ipc thudng xuyfin vi tam I^ gdy hju qua
nghifim trpng;
d) Ngdn cdn vific thvc hifin quyin, nghia vu trong quan he gia dinh gitta
fing, bd vd chau; gifla cha, mp vd con; gita vp vd ching; gitta anh, clii, em vdi nhau;
d) Cudng ep quan hfi tinh due;
e) (;uaiigfipldo hon; cudng ep kit hon, Iy hon hodc cto ttd hfin nhdn tp
nguyfin, tien bp;
g) Chifim doat, buy hoji, djp phd hodc cd hdnh vi khdc ci y Idm hu hfing
tdi san nfing cflatiianhvifin khdc trong gia dinh hojc tdi sdn chung cfla cdc ttitoh
vien gia dinh;
h) Cudng ep thtoh vifin gia dinh Iao dpng qud sue, ddng gdp tdi chinh qud
khd njng eua hp; kifim sodt thu nhjp cda thdnh vifin gia dinh nhim mo ra tinh
ttjng php thufic vfi tdi ehinh;
i) Cd hdnh vi trdi phdp ludt bupc thdnh vifin gia dinh ra khoi chS d.
Trong nghifin cflu ndy, chflng tdi dpa vdo khdi nifim ttfin di dua ra khdi
26

TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd 9 (210), 9 - 2016


mem phu ntt bi bao luc gia dinh. Phu nft W bao lvc gia dinh la phu nu bi nhttng
npoi ttong ^ dinh, bao gom bd me vd chdng cd nbung hdnh ddng de doa gdy
han vetiiechat, tinh due. tinh tiito, xa hdi vd kinh ti ddi vdi ngudi phu nu.
Khdeh Ihi
u- u . ^ ^ \ *^ ^ ^ 8'* "^'ã' "^ Sôni 622 phu nu da kfit hfin. mdi ttung
htnh 40,75 (tfiap nhat la 18 vd cao nhdt Id 75). d Qutog Ninh, Lao Cai! Ha Giang
L'to quan dfin ninh dp hoc vjn, 7,3% s6 khachtiificd ttmh do ttmig cip

tto len, 39,1 /. so phu nu chi tot nghifip ttung hpc phfitiidng,37,0% s6 ngudi chi
to ttinh dp ttimg hpc CO sd, 10,7% sfi ngudi chi hpc hfit tifiu hoc vd 5,8% sfi
khdeh the khong bifit chu.

(

u , J S ? ^ !"^"'''''" "'' '^•^°''° '^ phy ntt d nhd Idm ndi tta, 7,6% sfi phu ntt vfi
7^1 l i V ° P*"" "* I™™ h.™ tv do, 28,3%
sd phu ntt lam cdng to luong, cto
Iji 39.7% so phu nft Idm nghfi nong.
Thang do
,h,.' 1 !;!?^j" ' ™ ? ^ ^ *""ô''"' ^ã^^ ( ã ' ^ 8 ^ ™Sn tiiujt gidi quyit mdu
Uiuan) da dupc su dung rpng rai tii ndm 1972 vdi su fliam gia cta hon 70.000
khachtfienghien cuu da djng vfi vto hda va dupc su dungtfidnhcdng d it nhdt 20
quoc gia. Tliang do cung da dupc sfl dung d Viet Nam chotiifiycd dd tin cdy cao.
ITiang do CTS gom 46 cau hdi vfi muc dptfiudngxuyto ngudi chfing cd hdnh vi
bjo lire doi vol nguoi vp (0: khdng bao gid; 1: 1 ldn; 2: vdi ldn vd 3? nhifiu iJn)
vd xd hfii "

""'^ * ^ ' ^^^'- "•* **•• *^ "^^ '''"'• '^- ""h due

v„v- • ^ S lo muc dp eta me ching bjo Iuc dupcfliifitkfi dfi do mta dd tfiutog
xuyen mc hojc bo chong cd hdnh vi bao lpc vi tinh tfjn, tiii chit dfii vdi con dau
dd nhrr^^K-'i,'* f * ' " - . ™ '''^'" t™"? hinh cta timg tifiu tfiang do dfi do muc

nttk;;toh'tSrv!^'i'°"°^^"^'"'™"«''"''''-"':'''°'^^B-c^c
nhin , h ^ "I!^ % '^ "^ "''" "" •"' h?o Icc d tung djng, Chung tdi ctag dtag phuong
^ a ptfiongkc dem tat ca nhdng ngudi phu nu bi it nhdt mpt lin bi bjo Ipc p tuni
3. Ket qua nghien cih.
3.1.

Thtrc trang chung cua phu nO bi bao lire

o„h- ^'^"f- .' " " * ^y '^ Ơ ' ' ã ''"' "*" t^ng sfi 622 khachtiifidupc
nghiai cm. da mngttdiqua it nhit mot dang bjo Ivc do chfing ho gay ra So stoh
vo, ke, qua nghito cuu cdp dp qudc gia (Di Tliuc vd Hendil ioi0) vdi 5 8 ^ ^

TAPCHfTAMLyHpC.S59(210),9-2016

.^n


phu nfi bj bao lire cho thiy, ty le ph\i nfi cr cac tinh mien niii phfa BSc bi bpo lvc
ia cao hon so voi toao qu6c. Nhir tren da de cap, cac tinh mien nui phia Bac cd
nhi6u dan tpc sinh sfing, dSc biet la dan tfic H'Mfing, voi van hoa ngircri vgf la t^
san cua ngiroi chdng, vi v|iy ngucri chong co quyen day bao. DSc diem vSn hoa
nay dS gdp phan cung cd h^nh vi b^o luc.

• Khdng bj b^o i(ic
M Bj bgo Itre

Bieu d6 1: Ty 14 phv nu bi bgo l^cc
BTB
BA ching bpo lire
Mc ch&ng bQO Inc

lo.«
1 .84

D90 lire rh^ chit

B ^ lire rmh rhin

Bgo lire kinli ti

4,04

1

1

1

1

1
1

1
3718 ^
17«

1
1

J210

—1

Bleu aS 2: Mtic dp phft nU bi bgo lire
du™ tri^nVh^M'/^f-1"° ^"d •"* P''^ "** "•™8 mlu khdeh ttii ttdi nghiim

S D T O - 7 m tI' • 1 ' ^ ^ I""' ^^ " ^ f "i "»<> '^« ^« 'i"h ttiin Id cao
nhJt (DTB - 7,18), dungtfiu
hai Id bjo lpc vi tfii chit (DTB = 4 04) tiinttieoId
S ^ r l r i i ' ^ b ' ^ ' ' ' ™ . r ^-^f). ^ " d^ 1^ bao lvc vi k U ti (DTO ^^
bi/tnp ching bjo Ive nhit. Kit qud nghito cuu phi hpp vdi kit aud cta cde
nghito cuu dittudcdnudc ngodi vdVifitNamdd cdng b?b;^lvc.inhtfitlufit

28
TAPCHfTAML'i'HpC,Sfi9(2IO),9-2016


pho bien hon bao Iuc thfi chat vd cdc djng bjo luc khac. Bao Iuc tinh thdn tfiudng
khon^ de IJ, vettiiuongttivctiifimd chi di lai vittfiuongtinh'tiidn cho nan nhto
ma vetttiuongtinhtiitotfiitiiudngkhd nhdnttidy.Do vjv. ngudi gay ra bao Iuc
hiem khl bl ttung phat, dito nay votinhcflng cfi htoh vi gay bao Iuc. Doi khi do
van hoa, nguoi dto dng khfing y thuc dupc nhflng Idi minh ndi cd tfii gdy tdn
thuong cho nguo, v„ yd hp khdng ytfiucdd Id bao Ipc tinhttldn,vi vay ho cd xu
huong tfie hien nhito hon cac dang bao luc khdc. Cuttifitung dang bao Iuc sfi
dupc ttmh bay ttong phto tifip
tfieo.
o • & . .
3.2. Cdc dang bgo luc gia dinh
Bgo luc tinh thdn
Cd 60,1% sfi phu no dd tiing it nhJt ttdi qua md, hinh Uiuc bao Iuc linh
toi va CO den 45,9% sd phu ntt bi tu tai djng bao luc tinh ttidn khac nhau To
len. Ket qua nay mpt Ian nta cho tfiiy, ty 16 phu ntt bf bao luc tinh ttiin Id rdt
khac nhau ttong nhung nghito euu khdc nhau. Vi du, con sfi ndy tay it hmi con
™ i H I Phdn"' ' n ' - ' " . ' " ! " ^ " ' ''™« "8^'^" ^™ <""* ™ " 5 tinh tfidnh
ThL ^- ™ ».? P l ^ " ' " ^ ^'"^' ^*"? ^^'- Q"^S Ngai) vdi cung tiiang do.
Tieo do, 79,8% sd phu ntt da tung it nhat mdt lin W bao Ipc tinh ttti^ vd cd din

h^ , r

T-^''"°'^'

""" "'^" "'!'™ ' ^ ™ "hiiu dang khac nhau vd cao

52 0/. so php nu b! bjo Ivc tmh tfito o Vifi, Nam. Tuy nhito, khi so sdnh v6i kit
IZlfT
" " "," ^,' *™« ""'^ *"" " " " ' " 'V^ 'i"htfidn(Vi du, HoftmL et al
SweJ, ! I f ^ • ; ' - ' ^ - •'•"""S- 2""3; Ramer. 1998; Smitf,.' 1987; Sttaus vd

S t S g d^^ '^'' ^"""^ ""'' •" "* "^ "8^- <=- "'y ^« "^
Bdng 1: Ty Igphu nit trdi nghiim sd hinh ihuc bgo luc linh Ihin
So hinh tbte bao lire

0

I

1

3

4

5

6

Tv If (%)

39,9

14,2

12,7

9,4

6,9

7,9

4,5

3,3

1,2

ehiVi h ^ K ^ ! ' t "'J'"'' *™ ™ P''y "* l^' "ghifim la bi qudt nat, ljng ma
chu, ta choc tuc, ha thap. de dpa vd ddi xu Ijnh nhat, trong do, qud na, Itog
raj h ^ c lam gl do de choctticchifim ty lfi cao nhdt, cd 42,9% si phu ntt bj c h C
itog mj va chpc tuc, 34.2% sp php ntt hi qudt nat. Khi duoc hdi vi cdch dfi"i xd
cua nguoi ditog mdt njt, nhto cta bjo Ipc ehia sfi: -Ching em luo" c M b« em
Id do ngu. den not em chtog ddm Ijm gi vi cu sp I4m sai" Hay nhu mdt phu ntt

TAP CHf TAMWHOC, Sd9 (210), 9-2016

29

'm
ngudi H'Mdng ehia sfi: "Chdng minh di ddu ttii di chu cu vfi nha la chui, chdng
bao gid ndi dirpc mpt cdu tfl tfi".
Bang 2: Ty le phu nU bi bgo lire linh Ihin (N, %)
Tinh ti^ng phu
nil bj bad life
rinh thin

Mih: dd thirimg xuy&n
bj bao 1 ^ tinh than
(% tren l&ng miu)

Khdng
bi

Bj b90

< lin

VSi
iin

Nhiiu

1. Chdng l&nj, mti ho^c chui bOr

57,1

42.9

127

19.9

10.3

0,83

2. Cb6nii 1 ^ %i (16 de chqc tuc

57,1

42,9

12.3

22,4

8,2

0,82

3. Ch^e qtr^l hay n^t np

65,8

34,2

6,7

18.7

8.8

0.71

4. Chdnjt 10 vi ddi xu m$t c&ch lanh nh^t

72,6

27,4

7,4

13.8

6.2

0,54

5. Ch6ng d$m chin mpr cich gi^n dQ di ra
kbdi phAng hay khoi nhi hay sin

71.9

28,1

7,6

14,2

6.3

0,55

6. ChAng doa sC dinh ho9c n
80.3

19,7

6,6

7,3

5,8

0,38

Cic binh tbirc bf 0 l|rc tinh thin ml,
nguiri phy nil uni qun

(%)

lUT

BTB

lin

7. Chdng phn huy dd dac

79.5

20,5

9,4

6,6

4,5

0,36

8. Chdng g9i vo li dd b ^ j hay xiu xi

84.8

15,2

5,2

4,8

5.2

0,30

9. Chdng budc Idi vp la ngudi tinh l&i

89,4

10,6

3,1

3.9

3.6

0,22

10. Mc chdng quit nai

77,6

22,4

7,5

9,9

5.0

0,42

11. MI; chdng lang ma hay chili

85.6

14,4

4,0

71

3,3

0,28

12. Mc chdng de dda sS dinh

95,5

4.5

2,1

0,7

17

0,09

13. Bd chdng quit nai

87,7

12,3

5,2

6,0

1.1

0,20

14. Bd chdng ISng ma hay chiii

89.1

10,9

5,4

4,6

0,9

0,17

15. Bd chdng de dda dinh

96.0

4,0

1,4

17

0,9

0,07 1

Hinhtfiucbjo Ipc tinh than theo kiiu chiin tranh Ijnh nhu Id di vd ddi xfl
Ijnh nhjt cflng dupc khfing it ngudi ddn dng miin nfli phia Bdc su dung vdi vp
cua minh (27,4%). Mpt phu ntt ngudi H'Mdng ehia sfi: "Chdng minhcd bo nfin
nd chtog^quan tam gi dto minh, nd cu di suit ngdy, vfi Id ngfl chtog hdi gi din vp
con . Kieu bjo Ipc ndy van dupc gpi Id chiin tranh lanh, nd gay ra khfing khi
njng nfi, ctog Ihtog, Idm nhifiu ngudi php ntt hoang mang, so hJi, rit dl din din
roi lojn Io Ju.
= . .
,inh ,hJ^*° ^'^ l!"' ^^.1^' " * *^" " S^P ^°" "hu djp phd di dac di uy hiip
unh ttiin ngudi php ntt (20,5%), Idm cho ngudi php ntt cdm ttiiy ,u ti vi bdn thai.
30

TAPCHfTAM LV HOC, S«9 (210), 9 - 2016


minh (15,3%).
Inth'X^"".^
* • " " " ' ""^ "•* *™ ^ S "^ "hu dc doa sc ddnh vi^
con ton tat khi co khotog 4,5% php nft bdo cao dd timg ttdi qua. '
cta milh Tb'^** f ? V."* "^hf'
P"^-"*'^ ''i ^° 'V' thihttldnbdi ngudi chfing
Z i ^ L f b f "^^ u- "? ^™ ^ . ' ° P^V "<* « ' ^ g hi bao luc tinh tiiJn. s I
nguoi b, bo me chong bjo lpctinhtfitokhdng nhiiu, tay nhito vin cto tdn tai.

Bgo luc ve the chdt
Bdng 3: Ty li phu nu trdi qua sd hinh thuc bgo luc thi chdt
So hinb tfaue
baol^

0

TJIô(%)

49,8

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

20,5 1 6,9

4,2

3,6

IJ

1.8

3,3

1,9

ã

9

>10

0,9 1 5,8

-n,ô, I' '^i!.''"lP.h™ ""^h tfiing kfi chotfiJy,cd 50,2% sd phu ntt da tung it nhdt
mpt lan tta, nghiem mpt trong cdc dang cta bao Iuc tfii chdt l^di ngudi ching cda
phd. h°to S
„ T ' ^ H * ""•'" " ^'" '»." '^ "" ">' ™ ' vd He'ndn. (2010) dd
nSfincflltttorr'' '""''™«'?"«'"'^^
S™ t V r T- P*^™," " "™'^ vd ctag cao hon con sfi ma Di Ngoc Khanh

chT,^S^n;'^^''^""^'^.'*'"'ã''^'""ã^9hô"ã='^
, . P"V n» (Btta,nghiem mfit hmhtfiucbjo luc vd 1/3 sd nhu ntt da tt*i
qua tu ha, hinh tt.uc bao Ipc ttd Ito. Nhu vdy cd .hi ttidy phu ntt cdL 0^™^,^
nu. phia Bdc bj bjo Ipctt.fichdt nhifiu hon php ntt ndi chung ttong cd Too
.dt (21 S-ltfnt^0*1°!" *^ ? ¥ ^ P"- " * P " ^ ^
"^"iu nhifiu nhdt Id bi ching

Zll
. = , ? ^ "*/™S ""^ •=*""• """8 ''* «.5% - hi mfit ldn vd 13,3%'- bi vdi
I™ va nhieu lan) Kfit qta ndy hoto toto phfl hop vdi nghito cdu ttJdc ddy cta
t n r ; ^ ' " " t ? " ' ' " ° '"' *^ P"^' P"^ ^ « " "hat ^""g S g t o u
ma nhu n ? " T K^'?^ """ P"*" "'^''^S ''*"8- phv "<> -nifin nfli Trung Nam Bfi
ma php ntt cac tinh m.to nui phia Bdc cung bi chfing tat khd nhiiu.
,-i .u "'".''**'^ hjo luc thfi chdt phi biin ttiu hai Id ddv hav xfi div (18 l%i
tifiptfieola ddnh/1 1 " J- 2 " \ * " ' = P"" ".'^ * " ' " '* "^ vjt cd i i ga; tfiu™; t S vdo
ngud^, sau do ddm hay danh btog vat cd tfii gav dau ddn 17 w !A ! - u^
Cdo ..ng hp dd tdng ttai qua. Cd'B.3% s d ; h 7 n ? b J o ' S o ' ^ g t " b f t i : r m tim
hojc CO dau vet sau khi bi chdng ddnh. Kit qta phdng vdn sau duoc Wnh b ^
duoi day ,a btog chung vfi bao lpctfifichit md n^di %, „tt cdc tinh m i t ndi

TAPCHfTAMLyHOC.Sd9(210),9-2016


phia Bdctiainghifim: -Danh la chuyin binh thudng, bj hang ngay. dau lam" (php
ntt H'Mfing. 35 tadi); ~IChi em mang Ihai. chdng em da cdm dien thogi nem vdo
bung em. Co lin em dang di trin dudng ve nha. chong em da danh vao ^ay em
ldm em quy xudng' (php ntt Kinh. 32tadi)yd "Chdng minh ddnh minh bdng mpi
thu gin lay" (phu ntt H'Mdng, 39 tadi). Kit qua nghifin cdu chotfidy,,y 1$ php
nu cdc tinh mifin nui phia Bjc bdo cdo bi bao lpcttifichit it hon so vori ly Ifi phu nft
d 5ti'nhtfianhtrong nghien cflu ttirdc day cia chflng tdi. Su khdc bifit nay chua
cbdc da Id do hifinttangbao Ipc thfi chit d cac tinh mifin nui phia Bic it xdy ra hon
so von cdc vtag mifin khdc. Rdt cfitfifivto hda coi bao Ivc Id vific rifing cua gia
dinh nen phu ntt ddn tpc tfiiiu si phia Bdc cd xu huomg che gidu. khdng bdo cdo
tiung thpc.
Bdng 4: Ty li phg nU bi bgo luc thi chdt
Tinh trang phy nil

bj bao lu^ Ihi chil

(%)

Cic hlnh Iht^ ban lm; thi chit
Khdng
bj

Bj b^o
lire

Mtrc dd IbudTi g xuyin
bj b^o 1fe
(% tren t i n miu)
Vii
Mdt
Nhiiu
lin
lin
lin

BTB

i Chdng l i l

78.2

21.8

8,5

8.8

4,5

0,40

2 Chdng dinh/di/dap

84.2

15,8

2,4

8,2

5,2

0,34

J Chdng diy hay xd diy

81,9

18.1

7,3

7,6

3,2

0,32

4 Chdng ndm vjl cd ihi gfly thuong tich
vio ngudi

84.8

15.2

4,5

5,5

5,2

0,31

5 Chdng dim hay dinh bing v|l cd thi
giy dau ddn

87,3

12,7

2,7

6,1

3.9

0,27

6. Chdng dinh giy vit di&m Ilm. bi bong
gin hay vit dit nhd

86,7

13,3

3,3

6,1

3,9

0,27

7. Chdng dinh gty cim giic dau cho din
tin hdm sau

87,0

13,0

4,3

4,8

3,9

0,26

8 Chdng vin ray hav xoin rdc

87,6

12,4

3,9

4.6

3,9

0,25

9 Chdng dinh cho b| Ihuong

90,3

9,7

3.1

4.5

2,1

0,18

to. Chdng di su dung dao

93,9

6.1

0.9

3.4

1,8

I I . Chdng da bdp cd

93,1

6,9

3,3

2,4

12. Chdng cd ^ ddi hav lim bdng

97.6

2,4

0,6

0.3

13. Mc chdng diy hav dinh

97.4

2,6

1,2

1,1

i 4. Bd chdng div hav dinh

97,6

2,4

I.l

1,0

32

0,3

0,04

TAPCHfTAM Lf HOC, Sd 9 (210), 9 - 2016


chi. ( c h l T h o : Z

^

" " ' ^ "'' ""''^ " ^ ^ •*' " " ' "^ - ^ '='•^"8 "'O '^= v i titfi

ttrone J ^ l ' f V"^ 'I "''• "•" f ' ""* ™ ^ ""' P"^ ''*'= h' -chfing bjo Ipctfifichi.
S
rhir r 1 u " ^ ™ P""^ "•** "" ' "8«^ hi chfing dtag bao Iuctfifichdt
t t t ^ t i c h ' ^ " - " " " ! « * ' ' ' * ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ã ^^"*'*'^"'''ô"h hdng vatcdtiii gdy
thuong tich. Nhu vjy, phu nft cac tinh miin nui phia Bjc cung rti nghifim cdc

h;£S:2^i:;d^^Si;f-^---'^---^Bgo luc tinh due
Bdng 5: Ty le phv nO trai nghiim sd hinh thiic bgo luc tinh dgc
So hinh thuc
b^o lire tinb due

0

'

2

3

4

5

6

7

Tyll(%l

70,4

13,3

3,9

5,2

1.8

.,8

0,9

2,7

nude ttto th J
f ^l ^^ ' ^ ° ' ' ' ' ^ ' ' " » " ll«= anh due tin tai d nhiiu
nuoc tten tfie gioi va gdy dnh hudng dto sta khde cta phu nft Cudng bdc ttah
buLTd^ T' t " ' " " "•'' ''""'.*'^^ " ' " 'V^ 'ãô vdi ph'v ntt, no S g chi S S

)n2^d^ f ' J ? ™''^ ''•* ' " ^ ™^ hp. Tuy nhifin, mot nghito cfluTnh l u l l
ttudc day cho tfiay, vfi nhjn tfiuc, chi cd 25,0% sfi phu nTvifit N^m duoc ^ !
Giô r ã T t f " ? S .""^ ^' '* '•*?h vi bjo lvc gia dLi (Tmng tto, N ^ X c t a
Gioi, Gia dinh va Phdt trifin cpng ding, 2006).
B i^n ngnien cvu
Php ntt Vifit Nam nhdntfiflcvfi bao Ivc tinh due cdn tf.do vi ouan nifim
cua mp, so ngudi cho rdng quan hfi Hnh dvc Idttdchnhifim cua n t « r d 6 'v^
chong. Hay nd, cdch khde, ngudi dto dng Idy vp di quan hfitinhd l H a sinh con
V, vjy nguoi phu nft phai phuc vptinhdpc L chfing mufin. Tr™7s6™622thrh

vlx!t\r^''^T°''"'^

"''"°''°^^-"'

"' -^hangbat u c L d u e

^aS^rSfi^^irtsftijs^H
nr^Ci^^:;^^:^s^Ss^d=^^
con sfi tiling kfi ttto thi gidi (Do, 2014). '^"""^

TAPCHfTAM L?HOC, SS9 (210), 9 - 2016

""h 'h^h, song nho hon


Bang 6: Ty li phu nit bi bgo luc linh due
Tinh trang phu
nir bj b^o l,re
linfa due (%)

Cic hinb thlte bao luT tinb due

Mijc dd t h u ^ g xuyin
bj b^o l|rc llnb due
(% tren tdng mlu)

KhSng

Cd

, lin

i.Epbudcquanb^tinh due mi khdng dimg
bao eao su mie dii ngudi vo khdng mudn

90,3

9.7

2. ^ budc lim gi dd iifn quan din rinh due
mi ihay bi iim nhuc hoic Ihiy ghe tijm

91.5

8,5

3. Cd nii quan hi tinh due khi vo ktidng mudn

78,2

4. Phii quan h$ Iinh due vryi chdng vi SQ niu
khdng chong s2 lim gi dd Idi le

DTB

Vii
lin

Nhiiu
lin

1,8

4.8

3,1

0,21

1.5

4,3

2.7

0,18

21.8

4,5

11.8

5.5

0,45

87,3

127

3,3

5.5

3,9

0,26

5. Nii lim gi dd ii£n quan den tinh due mi vo
thiy ring bj lim nhuc hoic thay ghe tdm

93,0

7,0

1,5

3,4

2,1

0,15

6. De doa di bit quan hi Iinh due

93,4

6,6

1.5

3,0

2.1

0.14

7. Phai quan hi linh due vdi ehdng v) so niu
khdng chdng se ra ngoii. .

88.8

11,2

1.8

5.5

3,9

0.24

Bgo luc kinh ti
Bao luc kinh tfi Id hinh thflc kifim sodt vfi tdi chinh nhdm Idm cho ngudi
php ntt bi php thupc vdo ngufiri ching vi mjt tai chinh, khiin cho ngufiri phu nfl
khfingttifising dfic Ijp. td dd khong thfi rdi bd ngudi chfing. Ngudi chfing ndm
gift kinh tfi Id mp, ttong nhftng Iy do khifin mpt si ngudi php nft khong thi Iy
hdn, mfic dfl hp bj ehdng bjo Iuc. Nfiu Iy hfin, hp khong co tdi sdn vd khfing tiifi
bai ddu cufic sfing, hp da hodn todn phptiiupckinh ti vdo ngudi chfing.
^ Kit qud nghifin cm eho thiy. ed 26.9% si phu nft bi bao Ipc kinh tfi, ttong
dd mpt nfla trong sd hp trdi nghifim tfl hai djng bjo Iuc kinh ti trd Ifin.
Bang 7: Ty li phg nu trgi nghifm so hinh Mec bgo luc kinh li
So hinh thirc bau l^v kinh te

0

1

2

3

4

Tvlc(%l

73.1

13.9

8.8

2.1

2,1

Djng bjo lpc kmh tfi phfi bito nhdt Id ngudi ching tu chfii dua dfl tifin cho
ngirdi vp chi tieu mjc dfl hp cd du (16,6% sd php nft ghi nhto), tiip din Id ngudi
chong bupc vp phai bdo cdo chi lie, sfi lien ma hp chi ,ifiu (13 0%) cung cd den

T/^PCHdAMLVHOC, Sd9 (210), 9-2016


10,0% so phu nu b, chong budc cloa hg, tito cho chtog gio,ttidm,e hon, cd dfin
6 6 /„ so phu nu pha, xin phep chdng khi mudn dtag dfi dac ttong nhd. Cd ngudi
phu nu noi chong hp khdng bao gid dua tien cho ho chitifiu.Nhu ^ ax hinh tfiuc
bao lpc kmh te khdng phd bito bang cdc hinh tiiuc bao luc khdc nhutfifi chd. vd
tinh than, tay nhito phu ntt cdc tinh mifin nfli phia Bac cflng ttdi nghifim hinh
tfiuc bjo lvc nay.
" '
Bang 8: Ty le phu nir bi bgo luc kinh li
Tinh trjng pho
nfr tn bao lor
kinh t^

Hinh tfadc b^o tec kinh le

(%)

f

Miie do tfairimg xayia hi
bao 1 ^ kmfa K
(% Iren tdng mln)

BTB

Khong

Cd

It
khi

1. Buoc vgr phai dua h^i i icn cho ch6ng
gia

90.0

10.0

3,9

2.2

3,9

0.20

2. Tir chfii dua dii ti^n cho vg chi tiSu
gia dinh tn$c dii chdng co dir ti£n

83,4

16.6

4,5

4.5

7.6

0.36

3. Bupc phai bao cao chi ti^ so l i ^ VCT
diiii£u

87,0

13,0

3,3

5,8

3,9

0,27

4 Vg can xin ph6p chong de dOng d&
d^c trone nhA

93.4

6.6

1.8

1,8

3.0

0,15

Nfaien
kfai

Thircrag

4. Kit lujn
T> Ic php nft cdc tinh mifin nfli phia Bac hi chfing bao hdnh tuong dii cao
Z h ^ " ^ h ' " * • DK " " ^ " ' f '*"ô "*ã? "?™S tag vdi ty lfi phu ntt bi bao
hanh tten the gioi. Php nu b, bjo hanh nhito nhdt Id vfi mdt tinh tfito, sau dd din
dtohlS^

a!" -'• t" '""'' **" *"" ^^

iMi b^fhtoT ^''

"""^ "

""^ '=''^' ^ ^ S 89P "hi. Id to, dim,

"^ • ° ''^'' ''"* '^'^ '^ ^ '* **P '*^' ''""S ''«"

Jy 'f PjlM "0 cdc tinh miin nui phia Bdc bi bfi hojc me chdng bao luc vi
tmh tiian vatiiechat la rattiidpvd thudng khdng phdi Id vdn di dtoi lo ling.
Tai lifu tham khdo
!<l/>frro„ ; ^ ' ^ ^ - ? Journal
,"""•" of
° ' *Psychiaoy,
' - "'"""•' 153,305-312,
™'"^' '" "^ 1988.
community:"togrgpntcat
A biggrgphical
l^'i^:}fT^.^-^^°y^'^''''^''''^lcstressdisordersamangbgaered
^omen. Riskandresiliencyfactgr,\,otcncemdW,aims,%,\l -21.\W.
TAPCHfTAM LynOC, SS9 (210), 9 - 2016

35


3. Dd Thflc va llendra. Kit qud nghiin cuu quic gia vl bgo luc gia dinh ddi vai phu nU
Viel Nam,10m.
4. Hlee Moua, The Hmong Community: Acculturation and Utilization of Domestic Violence
Services. Master of Social Woik Clinical Research Papers, St. Cattierine University.
2013.
5. Krug E.G., Dahlberg L.L., Mercey J.A., Zwi A.B., Lozano R. (eds). World Report on

Violence Chapter 4 Violence by Inlimgle Parmers, World Health Organization: Geneva,
2002.
6. People's Supreme Court. Report on Revie»'ing Legal Documents Concerning Domestic
Vtolence by People's Cowl aiid Assessment gf Domestic Violence Through Court Cases of
Criminal Civil, Marriage and Ihe Family Cases, Report presented mtfieworkshop organized
by the Committee for Social Affairs of the National Assembly on 28 September 2006 in
Hanoi.
7. McCloskey L.A., Figueredo A.J., Koss M.P., The Effects of Systemic Fgmily Violence
on Children's Menlgl Health, Child Development, 66: pp. 1.239 - 1.261, 1995.
8. Jounriles E.N., Murphy CM., O'Leary K.D., Interspousal Aggression. Marital Discord
and Child Problems, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol.57, pp. 453 455. 1989.
9. Sttauss M.A., Gelles R.J. & Stainmetz S.K., Behind Closed Doors: Violence In ihe
American Family, Garden City, NY: Doubleday Press, 1980.
10. TangC.S., Psychological abme of Chinese Wives, Joumal of Family Violence, Vol. 13,
No. 3, 1998.
11. Tang C , Psychological Impact of wife abuse- Experiences of Chinese women and
/Ae/rcyirWren, Joumal of Interpersonal Violence, 12, pp. 466-475, 1997.
12. Tnmg lam Nghien cuu Gidi, Gia dinh yd Phdt triin cfing ding, Bdo cdo nghiin cm
bgo luc gia dinh Igi cdc linh vd thdnh phd, 2006.
13. van phtog Quic hpi, Bdo cdo kit qud nghiin cm Bgo luc gia dinh Irong nhdm ddn
tfc thiiu sd lgi vimg nil phia Bdc ViH Nam (Nhdm ddn Igc H'Mdng), 2006.
14. UNFPA, Gender Bgsed Violence Progromming Review, 2007.
15. Vu Manh Loi, Vu Tuan Huy, Nguyen Huu Minh, Jennifer Clement, Gender-based
Violence The Case of Viel Nam, World Bank, Hanoi, 1999.

36

TAP CHf JAM LV HOC, S d 9 (210), 9 - 2016