ảnh hưởng của khó khăn tâm lý đến kết quả rèn luyện của học sinh các trường giáo dưỡng

A N H H U O N G C U A K H O K H A N T A M LY
D E N KET Q U A R E N L U Y E N C U A H O C S I N H
C A C TRUONG GIAO D U O N G
UlAmq^nfJ ^"S.''' ^ f ° " ' ™^' ^" '^^ " ^ '^ Cfing nghfi Qudc gia

(NAhOSTED) trong dfi tai: Kfto Wtan tam ly trong viec thich Ong vdi che do sinh hoat va
nqc ( ^ cua hgc smh frtAig giao dudng; Ma sd: VI1.1-2013.03; PGS TS Nquvin Thi
Hue lam chu nhifim.
PGS.TS. Nguyin Thj HuS.
Wrudng Dgi hgc Supham Hd NM.
W C S . Phan Thj Tdm
Pj^irdn,; Dgi hgc Suphgm Ky thudt Vinh.
TOM TAT
tron^T

tZl^y

t,

•" /' f"

"" '">''" 'ã*" ""^ã' * '"^ "ã"'ã ô * <*" IMn ldm ly

t IT l!2f".." "ã'"/'' '"'"^^ *ã'"*ã '**'* *ô^ ""* «* ''"^'' « **°"

iZn^
f ^ - ^ ""' '•'^c -rdt cao-cd dnh hudng liiu cue din kit qud rin
ImnNguac lgi. nhung hgc sinh cd II khd khdn ldm ly. muc do khd khdn ~lhdp"thikil
qim ren luyen ego han sa vdi nhiing hgc sinh cd khd khdn Idm If a muc do "cao " Nhu
vdy. CO su tuang quan thugn giOg khd khdn tdm ly vol kit qud ren luyin cig cdc em
Tir khfia: Khd khdn ldm ly: Hpc sinh truang gido duang: Kit qua ren luyen

Ngdy nhdn bdi: 5/8/2016; Ngdy duyil dang bdi: 25/8/2016.
1. S f t v a n d e
.A I,'. ^^^ " ^ ''^ "** ' ^ ^ ^ ^y'™"?''°" ''9"& " ^ g vific ndotfuttiudng
cd ket qua hojt dfing, cfing vific dd khdng tdt. Ndi cu Uii Id khd khdn tam M sf
can tto hojt dpng, Idm cho hojt dpng khdng djt dupc kit qua mong mufin Dii
vdi hpc stnh tiuong gido dudng, khd khta tam Iy dnh hudng nhu thi ndo din
kit qua ten luyfn cua hpc sinh? Lieu nhttng bat fin, ttiifiu hut tdm Iy cd gdy cto
trt hpc smh ttong qud ttinh rfin luyfin d ttudng? Vific khic phpc nhOng khd khto
a m ly cho hpc smh cd tdc dpng nhu ttifi ndo din kit qua rto luyfin cfla cdc
k L i l T , , ? ^ "' ^ y ? ""''' '""^^ '°' P ' ' ^ ^ ^ hudng cua cdc khd
khto .dm ly den ke. qua rto luyfin cua hpc sinh. Sp dnh hudng cd gifing cdc kfi.
TAPCHfTAMLyHOC,Sd9(2IO),9-2016

„


ZW'M
qud cfla cdc nghifin cuu dd ttivc hifin khdng? Nhttng hoc sinh gdp nhifiu khfi
khto Um Iy vd nhttng hpc sinh khdng gdp khd khto tdm Iy hojc it cd khd khan
lam lyttiikit qua ren luyen sfi nhu tfii ndo? Dd cung Id vto dfi ma bai vifit mufin
tap trung phto tich.
2. Khach thi va phuomg phdp nghien cdu
2.1. Khach Ihi nghiin cAu
De cfi CO sd khoa hpc cho vific dua ra kit ludn vfi nhflng vdn dfi tifin,
chtog toi da tiin hdnh khdo sat 665 hpc sinh cdc ttirdng gido dudng ttimg ndm
hpc 2014-2015.
2.2. Phtrong phdp nghiin cuu
Phucmg phdp nghifin cflu chinh Id difiu tta bang bdng hdi, phdng vto sau.
Thang do khd khto tdm Iy dtoh cho hoc sinh dupc dtoh gta theo 5 muc dp: "rit
cao"; "cao"; "ttung binh"; "tfiap" vd "rit thap" vfiri mflc dinh Iupng tuongflngdupc

quy ufirc la "I", "2". "3". "4", "5" difim.
3. Ket qua nghien eiru
3.1. Ddnh gid chung ve Ihifc trgng mirc d^ khd khan tam ly Irong hpc
l^p vd sinh hogt cua hpc sinh cdc Irtr&ng gido duSng
Trfin CO sd danh gid muc dp khd khdn bifiu hifin trfin cdc mdt nhdn thflc,
thdi dfi vd htoh vi, tan suat gdp khd khto..., chung tdi cd btog ddnh gia chung
vi muc dp khd khto tfim Iy cua hpc sinh nhu sau:
Bing 1: Muc dp kho khdn tdm ly Irong hgc tap va stnh hogt cia hgc sinh
TT

Mirc d$ kho khin tfim lv

SSllrmi^

T!f If %

1

Rilth^

37

5,56

2

Thap

60

9,02

3

Trang binh

471

70,83

4

Cao

83

12,48

5

Rat cao

14

2,11

665

100,0

Tins

Ket quatfidngke d btog I ehotildy,khd khto tam ly cfla hpc sinh d cae
ttuong gido dudng chu yiu d muc do "trung binh" (70,83%). Ddy Id nhttng hpc
smh cd g?p nhttng khd khto nhat djnh nhmig sd Iupng, tin sudt khfing nhilu v4
38

TAP CHf TAM Lf HOC, Sfi9 (210), 9 - 2016


muc dp khd khto vua phai cd flii khic phuc dupc ttong md, khotog ttidi gian
khtog lau Cd 14,58% hpc sinh cd khd khto d muc "ttiip" vd "rit ttiip", nic Id
nhttng hpc sinh gjp it khd khto tdm ly, mure dp vd tdn suit tfiip, dfi dtog khdc
phpc dupc. Nhi, la nhttng hpc sinh cd khd klidn Om ly d mdc dp "rit ttiip"
(5,56%) ttii gdp phdi mpt vai khd khta nhd va cac em de dtog khic phuc dupc
trong thfiri gian ngan.
^ EMng quan tam nhi. Id nhttng hpc sinh gdp khd khto tdm ly d mdc "cao"
va "rdt cao" (14,59%). Day Id nhttng hpc sinh gdp tit nhiiu khd khto .am ly d
muc dp vd tto suat cao, khd khdc phuc. Dac bifit, ttong dd cd 2,11% hoc sinh
gjp khd khta d muc "tdt cao" Id hpc sinhtfiudngxuyto gap khd khto tt^ tit ca
cdc mat vd khd khac phpc dupc cdc khd khto nay. Day Id nhttng dditirongkhd
gido thic, kfi, qua rto luyfin tiiip.
3.2. Thtfc trang mirc dp khd khan tam ly cua hoc sinh Ihi hien qua
nhan thtrc
Bdng 2: Miic do khd khdn tdm ly cia hgc sinh the hiin qua nhdn thiic
TT

Mdc dfi kfao kfaan tam lv

Solmne

T* H %

1

Ri, diip

59

8,87

2

Thap

53

7,97

3

Tnirrft binh

358

53,83

4

Cao

125

18,80

5

Ra, cao

70

10,53

665

100,0

Tone

Td kit qudtiiudupc d btog 2, cho phep cd mfit sd nhjn xet nhu sau:
Sd dong hpc sinh gjp khd khto tdm ly ttong qud binh nhto ttiuc d muc
dp "ttung binh" (53,83%). Nhttng hpc sinh ndy gjp phai nhttng khd khta nhdt
dinh ttong qua ttinh nhjn Uiuc. Trong nhdn ttiuc, cac cm ttiudng gdp khd khto
ve hifiu cac npi quy hpc tjp vd sinh hojt cfla nhd ttudng, cdc yfiu ciu vi phin diu
rfin luyfin dfi khac phuc nhttng sai pham dd mic phdi, hiiu vfi phuong hudng
phto ddu ttong ttidi gita tdi. Vdi khd khta d muc dp nay, hpc sinh cdttifirto
luyfin khdc phuc dupc.
Miic dp gdp khd khtottongquattinhnhtotfiucd muc "tfiip" va "ri. ttiip"
chifim 16,84%. Nhttng hpc sinh nay gjp khd khta nhit djnh ttong qud ttinh nhjn

TAPCHfTAMLyH(?C,Sd9(210),9-20l6

39


•^1
tfiuc nhtmg khdng nhiiu vd cac em khdc phuc dupc ttong mp. thdi gian ngin.
nhit la nhttng hpc sinh gjp khd khto d muc 'Tdt tfiip" (8,87%).
s i hpc sinh gjp khd khto tdm Iyttongqudttinhnhjn thdc d mdc "cao" vd
"rdt cao" chiim toi gin 30,0%. Day Id nhttng hpc sinh Uiuomg xuyfin gjp khd
khta trong qua dinh nhan thflc nhu khong nhd dupc, khong hifiu, khong phdn
tich dupc nhttng quy djnh. yfiu cau cua nhdttirdng...Trong dd, cd 10,53% hpc
sinh djc biel khd khta. Nhttng hpc sinh ndy cd khd nang hpc tjp. nhdn thuc rit
hjn chfi.
J.J. Thuc trgng mirc dp khd khan lam 1$ cua hpc sinh Ihi hien qua
Ihdld^
Cung nhu mjt nhan thflrc, kit qudttifingkfi d bfag 3 cho thdy, si ddng hpc
sinh gjp khd khto tam Iyttifihifin qua thai dp d muc "tiling binh" (49,48%). Dd la
nhttng hpc sinh cd thdi do tuong doi phu hrjp, nhu bifit nghe Uieo cdi ddng, tog
hfi le phdi, khdng tog hd cdi sai... Tuy nhifin, si hpc sinh ndy dfi bj Ifii kfio, dfi
vdo hfla, a dua theo nhihig cdi xau nfiu khfing dupc thufirng xuyfin kfim cjp,
giao dpc, khfing dupc tiip xflc vdi mdi trufirng tfiujn Ipi.
Bang 3: Mtic do khd khdn tdm ly cua hpc sinh Ihi Men qua Ihdi dp
TT
1

Miic d6 kfa6 kfain tim IV
Rat thap

2

So Itrong

Tyl«%

34

5,11

Thap

83

12,48

3

Tmng binh

329

49,48

4

Cao

127

19,10'

5

Rat cao

92

13,83

665

100,0

Ting

rvn.^ u •'
'""' *'"'' ''*'™8 gSP nhifiu khd khdn tam Iy vi mjt thai dfi
Iflii^g hpc smh nd;^ cd thdi dfi ep bto Id phu hpp, biit Ifi phdi trdi, bifit flng hfi
cdncii, len to cd, xau, bao vfi le phdi. phto dii diiu sai ttdi. Ddy Id nhttng hpe
cd hd dp khd tich cpc vd gto nhu khtog gjp khd khan tdm Iy Cdc em cd thdi
dfi kha nghiem nic ttong hoc tap vd sinh hojt.
Dtog quan tdm cd 32.93% hpc sinh ed thdi dp khfing dflng mpc trong
mflc "^ao-lT-iircL""'^^'/-'*".''''^^- ^'^''^ hpc Sinh n'dy cd'kZk d^ d
mvc eao vd * cao . Thdi dp chu yiu eua nhttng hpc sinh ndy Id chfing ddi.

TAPCHfTAMLyHOC,Sd9(2I0),9-2016


khdng mto tiiu cac yeu cdu cua nha ttudng. Djc bifit cd 13,83% hoc sinh cd
thai dp cpc doan, cam ghet ngudi khdc, mdt nifim tin,... khd cho cdng tdc gido

due. Day la nhttng hpc sinh cd ket qua rto luyfin Uiip.
3.4. Thuc trgng mirc dp kho khan tam ly cia hoc sinh thi hien qua
hanh vt
Bang 4: Muc do khd khan tdm ly cua hgc stnh thi hien qua hanh vi
MiTC do kho khan tam lv

So lirong

Ty 16 %

397

59,7

118

17,7

665

100,0

Rit thdp
Thap

11,7

Tmnfi binfa

D

Rat cao

6,8
Tone

Tu kfit qua thu dupc d btog 4, chflng tfii cd mdt sfi nhan xet nhu sau:

- Da si hpc sinh (59,7%) gjp khd khto vi mjt hdnh vi d muc "ttung binh"
Nhttng hpc sinh ndy co bto ttipc hifin dung phdn nhiiu cdc quy dinh chung cfla
nhd ttudng tiong hpc tjp cttng nhu ttong sinh boat. Tuy nhien, mpt sfi quy dinh
cdc emttipchifin chua .fit nhu: hpc bdi vd Idm bdi diy dfl ttudc khi din ldp- di ngfl
vd ngu djy dtog gid; ngdi ttong Idp hpc phai nghifim nic... Cdc hanh vi chua phi
hpp cua nhttng hpc sinh ndy cd thfi ufin ndn. sua chfla, khic phpc dupc.
- Cd 15,8% hpc sinh thpc hifin nrong dfii diy dfl cdc quy dinh cua nhd
trudng, cdc em khfing gjp nhifiu khd khto khi thvc hifin chdng. Day Id nhttng
hpc sinh ndng cfi. ttong cdc hojt dfing cua nhd ttudng. Trong dd cd 4 1% hoc
sinh CO hdnh vi khd chuto muc, khong chi tp gidc ttiuc hito md cdn dong vito
loi keo cdc bjn khac ttivc hifin cdc quy djnh Chung cua nhd trudng.
So lupng hpc sinh cd hdnh vi khfing phfl hpp chiim .y Ifi kha cao (24 5%1
l^Ong hpc stnh ndy gdp nhito khfi khto tdm Iy ttong vific tfiuc hito cde yfiu
cdu quy dinh cfla nhd ttudng (khd khto tam ly d mdc "cao" vd "rdt cao")
Nhttng hpc smh nay dfiu cd nhttng thdi quen htoh vitilifiuchuin muc rdt khd
khdn de cdi tjo, sfla dfii chflng. Djc bifit, cd 6,8% hoc sinh cd hdnh vi ngfi
ngdo, chong doi, gto nhu bat chap cac quy djnh chung cua tdp thi, luc ndo
khong CO st; gidm sdt cfla cto bo Id sdn sang ldm ttdi, thdm chi cfin Idi keo eo
bupc mot sd hpc sinh khac Idm theo minh dfi chfing ddi. Day Id nhttng hoc sinh
T*P CHI TAM ly HOC Sd 9 (210), 9 - 2016

luon gay kho khan cho tap th^ va nha trucmg. kat qu§ hpc tap va rfin luydn ctia
cac em rat thap.
3.S. Anh hu&ng cua kho khan tam ly din kit qud ren luyen cua hgc sink
Nghien cuu \h vin d6 nay, chung toi lira chgn nhung hpc sinh g|p kho
khan tam ly 6 mirc dp "cao" va "lit cao", thdng ke k6t qua ren !uyen ciia nhOng
hpc sinh nay va tidn hanh so sanh. Chung toi cung tidn hanh lira chpn nh&ng
hpc sinh co kho khfln tam ly a mirc dp 'thip" va "rit thap" so sanh vai ket qua
ren luyen cua cac em. Ti^p theo, chung toi tinh tuong quan giiia kho khSn tam
ly vdi k6t qua ren luyen ciia hpc sinh (tuong quan pearson). Kit qua khSo sat
cho thay, kel qua ren luyen cua hpc sinh o cac truing giao du5ng chi c6 6 4
miic ybi, trung binh. kha, t6t v^ khong co mirc k^m. Sau day la k§t qua thu dugfc;
a. So sdnh muc do kho khdn tdm ly vdi kit qud ren luyen cua nhung hQc
sinh CO khd khdn tdm ly d muc dg "cao " vd "rdt cao "
Trong so 97 hpc sinh gSp kh6 khan tam 1;^ d mijrc d6 "cao" vk "rdt cao" c6
ket qua ren luy?n nhu sau:
Bdng S: Kel qud ren luy4n cua nh&ng hgc sinh co khd khan tdm ly
a muc d0 '''cao'''' vd "rdt cao"
K^t qud r^n luv^n

Mirc dfi
kfad khSn tam ly

Cao (n = 83)
Rat cao {n= 14)
Tone (n •= 97)

Vcu

Trung binfa

Tot

Khli

SL

(%)

SL

(%)

SL

(%)

SL

(%)

31

37,34

16

19,28

16

19,28

20

24,10

2

14,29

7

50,00

3

21,42

2

14,29

33

34,02

23

23,71

(9

20,62

22

22,68

CAii thich: n: so lupng hpc sinh cd kho khdn Idm lfi.

Kfit qud d btog 5 cho thdy, tit cd hpc sinh gjp khd khan tam I^ d muc
dfi "cao" vd "rfit cao" cd kfit qud tin luyfin chfl yiu Id yiu vd trung binh (58,0%).
So hpc sinh cd kfit qud ren luyfin yiu chiim 33/97, tuong dng vdi 34 02% Sfi
hNfiu tinh rifing nhttng hpc sinh cd khfi khdn tdm ly d muc "rdt cao" thi rt lfi hpc
sinh cd ket qud ren luyen d mdc trung binh chiim tdi 50,0%. Nhu vjy khfi
khta tam ly da dnh hudng tito cpc din kfit qud vific rto luyfin cda hpc sinh

TAPCHfTAM l y HOC S«9 (210), 9 - 2016


b. So sdnh muc dp kho khdn lain ly vol kit qua ren Itjyen cia nhiing hgc
sinh cd kho khdn tdm ly a mirc do "thdp " vd "rit thap "
Nhung hpc sinh cd khd khto tdm lyd mflc dp "Uiip "va"ri. ttiip" chu yiu
cd kfi. qud rto luyfin d muc ttung btah, khd vd tdt Cu Uifi Id ki. qud rto luyto d
muc ttung binh: 21,65%; khd: 43^3%; td.: 21,65%. Difiu do chflna .d rdng.
nhung hpc sinh cd it khd khta ton ly cd ki. qua rto luyto cao ban liittng hoc
smh gap nhifiu khd khto tam ly.
Bang 6: Kit qua ren luyen cua nhOng hgc sinh cd kho khdn tdm ly
d miic dp "thip"-vd "rit thdp"

Kel qua ren IDVPH

Muc do
klio kfaan tam ly

Thip (n = 60)
Rii thip (n = 37)
T o n e { n = 97)

Yen

Tnine binfa

Kki

Tot

SL

(%)

SL

(%)

SL

(%)

SL

(%)

9

15.00

17

28,33

18

30.00

16

26,67

3

8,11

4

10,81

25

67,57

5

13,51

.2

I2J7

21

21,65

43

43.33

21

21,65

Chu thick- n: si htgng hoc sinh co khd khdn tdm ty.

Tu kit qud tdng hpp d btog 5 vd btog 6 cho Uiiy, rfi rtog khd khto tdm
^ CO dnh hudng dfin kfit qud rto luyfin cua hpc sinh cac ttudng gido dudng
Hpc smh ctog cd nhifiu khd khta tdm ly vd d muc dd khd khta ctag cao Uii kit
qua ten luyfin ctog thdp. Ngupc Iji. nhttng hpc sinh gdp it khd khta tdm K vd
muc dp khd khtattiapttiiket qua rto luyfin cao hon.
c. Tuang quan giiia khd khdn tdm ly vdi kit qud ren luyen cua hpc sinh
E)i khing dinh sp toh hudng cfla khd khta tdm K din kit qua rto luyfin

cua hpc smh cdc ttudng gido dudng, ngodi vific so sanh d tiia. chung tdi tiin
htah tmh tuong quan gitta khd khta tdm Iy vdi kit qud rto luyfin cfla cdc em.
Kfit qud cho Uiiy, cd su tuong quan Uiudn gitta khd khta tam lv vdi kit
qua ren luyen cua hpc sinh, sp khac bifit ndy Id cd y nghia Uifing kfi (vdi r = 0 181 "•
Sig. < 0,000). Tuy nhito, chtog la Uidy muc dp nrong quan giua chung ichdng
cao. Ve Vta de ndy cd Uifi gidi Uiich nhu sau: khd khta tam ly cd dnh hudng dfin
ket qua ren luyen nhung ngupc lai, kfit qua ren luyen dnh hudng khtog nhifiu
den cac kho khta tdm ly, vi Uifi da lam gidm gidttitirongquan gitta chtog

TAP CHlTAM ly HOC, Sd9 (210), 9 - 2016

43


4. Ket luan
Tu kit qudttiudupc dttfin,cdttifirflt ra mpt so kfit lujn sau:
Da sd hoc sinh gjp kho khdn tdm Iy trong hoc tap va sinh boat d mflc dp
ttung binh. Kho khta tdm ly cd dnh hufimg din kit qua rfin luyen cfla hpc sinh.
Nhttng hpc sinh gjp nhifiu khd khto tdm Iy vd mdc dp khd khto "cao" hojc "rit
eao" sfi lam eho kit qua ren luyen thip (yfiu va trung binh). Ngupc Iji, nhttng
hpc sinh cd it khd khta tdm Iy, muc dfi khd khdn "thip" thi kit qud rfin luyfin
cao hon so vfii nhttng hpc sinh cd khd khta tam IJ d mflc do cao.
Cd sp luong quan ttiujn gitta khd khta tam Iy vdi kit qud ren luyfin cfla
hpc sinh. Kfit qua tucmg quan gitta chung tfieo tinh toto khdng cao. Chflng toi
cho ring, chi cd kho khto tdm ly dnh hufimg dfin kit qud rfin luyfin nhung dnh
hufimg theo chifiu ngupc Iji (kfit qud rfin luyfin tah huomg dfin khd khdn tam Iy)
Id khdng rd rtog. Dd Id nguyfin nhan dan dfin ket qud tinh tuong quan gitta khfi
khdn tdm Iy voi ket qud rfin luyfin khdng cao. Vi vjy, trong cong tac gido due,
cd the cdi thifin kfit qud ren luyfin cfla cdc em thdng qua vice giup hpc sinh khdc
phuc cdc khd khdn tdm ly.

Tai lifu tham khao
1. So lifiu tfl kit qud dieuttacua di tdi NAFOSTED, md si VI1.1-2013.03.
2. Tdi lifiu cung cip cua cde trutog gido dutog (bdo cdo ting kit, so kit, h i so luu...).

44

TAP CHfTAMLyHpC,Sd9 (210,9-2016