Định kiến đối với người chấp hành xong án phạt tù

DjNH KIEN OOI VOI
NGUOI CHAP HANH XONG AN PHAT TU
Nguyin Nhu Chinh
Bd mdn Tdm ly - Hgc viin Cdnh sdt nhdn ddn.
I

T6M TAT
Nghiin cuu nhim chi ra cdc kiiu dinh kiin dii vol ngudi chip hdnh xong d L
phat ta. Mdu nghiin aiu gim 497 ngudi hiin dang sing tgi Hd Not (346 nguai ddn
va 151 sinh viin). tudi trung binh id 32 ludi. Irong dd cd 37.4% Id nam vd 62,6% Id
nii. Phuang phdp Ihu thgp di liiu chinh Id dieu Ira bdng bdng hdi Kit qud cho Ihiy.
cd S kiiu dinh kiin ddi vdi nhiing ngudi chip hdnh xong dn phat tu. Md td timg kiiu
dinh kiin cho thdy chung cd muc dd biiu hiin khdng nhu nhau Kit qud ndy cd Ihi
giup dinh hudng ldi han ddi vdi vifc hda gidl dinh kiin cia ngudi ddn dil vdi ngudi
chdp hdnh xong dn phgt lit.
, I , 7^ '*'*"• ^ ' " ^ *'^"- '^g"°^ "^^P b°"b xong dn phgt til: Binh kiin dil vol ngudi
chdp hanh xong dn phgt tit.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 15/8/2016; Ngdy duyil ddng bdi: 25/9/2016.
1. fiat van d l

Dinh kidn li mpt hidn tupng da dupc nghien cuu tu lau tiong Tim Iy hpc
xa hd, ea ve mSt Iy thuydt eung nhir thurc tiln. Mpt sd dang dinh kiln nhu dinh
kien g,m, dmh kien ddi vdi nguoi ddng tinh hay ngudi cd HIV, dinh kiln chung
tpc, dan tpc la nhting hinh Uiuc ttiu hiit duoc su quan tim cua eto nhi tam V,
hpc xi hp, ban ci. Tuy nhita, cho tdi nay, chua cd cdng trinh Tam 1^ hpc nip
khao euu eac dang dinh kita ddi vdi ngudi chap binh xong to phat Hi. Vdi mong
muon buoc dau kham pha, xiy d(mg mdt buc tianh chung vl hita tirpng niy vf
tten CO sa do de xuat mpt sd bita phip giup ngudi cd qua khu pham tdi tii hda
nhap vo, cpng dongttianhedng ban, chung tdi tiln hinh nghita cuu thuc tiang
n^cn r t u T " " "

" "^

"""* ' " • * " "• "^y "'" S " '* "8™ ">-' " ' ^

Uta eJc'vilT'^^
'™ "^'l ^'-f ^'^" ""'" '"^" '* "htag dinh gii mang tinh
do ed ttit cti dinf k™ ™.-- '•''"' " ^ " '^' ™^' "h""- "h^' ''i"h- Trto CO sd
do, ed the cm d,nb kien do, vd, ngudi chap hinh xong to phat ti, Ii nhOne
danh gia tteu cue vg thiiu cdn cu vi dgc diim nhdn cd!h. v^val^ xd hT^d

76

TAP CHfTAM LV Hpc, Stf 10 (211), 10 - 2016


l^nang hoan luang cua ngudi chdp hdnh xong dn phgt tit. Bit eu mdt dtoh
f f c , ^ • i " ' - "^° ™ " ^ ^ "^^ ' ' " ' ™"8 ™ P M hi duac khii quit tit htoh vi
d"nh^n™' """"^ '^
"*"' ^ " " ' '* ã**ã" "ô * ' ^^ " " ' ^ " ^ la
tdi ldi m f i ^ ^ i "ã "^-^J^y
"u^^ đ P"^ ''^" ^^ P l * '^'^ "S h«i vi nhlhtg
ftio o i Z ' b ^ ^ ? ™ S-'^^P ' • ^ "-"8 ^ P*-*''"- Sat khi rdi khdi ttai giam
CMnHh ' " " ^"*' ? ' " ^ *" """h ^*' ™ Nghi '»i"h sd 80/201 l/ND^CP ciia
S t i iic I v ? ' ' " " b'!' " " ' ' '"^' ' ' ' ' • " g " " " " " han tii duac khdi phuc
day du cac chuyen va nghia vu cua cdng dto. Xet d gdc dd niy, ho binh ding
vm mpi nguai trong xa hdi, tiu vide phii phin diu dd duoexda to ,'ieh N S
cmi niy duac thuc hita nhim tti ldi eho cto hdi: Hita nay cd nhung dang dS^
kien nao dm vm ngud, chap hanh xong to phat
tii?
gu^ngoinn

2. Phumig phip nghien cihi

\i

HSn -^f" u^^iZf!^"' '^^" ^ ° s* g«"> 497 ngudi (ttong dd cd 346 ngudi
. t o hpc
hoc ^1
t aDai
T hpc
w SKhoa
' ' bhpc
' ^ xa
' " ' hpi
: i ' "va*"^^
^ ' "- Dai
^ hoe
I^™
"PCgia
xa Hi
hpi Ndi)
fang
meo
Nhto^vfa
Qudc
Siam^'gia vto n X ^ r " " ' ' " ' " '"™^ '^' " ^ "^ '"" " ^ " ã"ô > " ^ ô "
gidi chilmffi fiằ7 y ã , ' ^ s ' ; '!:i^r
^^ '**" ^*!- "™ 8'« ^hidm 37,4%, nii
ui; h ^ T l ! ,
^ ™ •"'' ^ ' *"' ^^^ ''ã'"' ^ô "S"ô Wnh dp hpc vil H,
cd t r i l d - l , * ? ' ' ' " '"• "•^°''" - '° " " h dp ttung hpc phd ttidng; 16 1% COttinhdp ttung cap, cao dtog vi cd tdi 68,4% - ed tiinh dd dai hoc vi sau dai

hpc Xet tbeo tidu chi nghe nghidp: khita till Ii sinh vita tailm 'o,4% ng^d
t tw^ t Z ^^-f"- ^^ *=°-"^" '^hi dp mdi: sd khach ttil ti, dd udi 18^£
C d S v m^' " H ' - ' " " ' ' . * " '° ^hilm 57,1% vi 9,1% - tit 51 tud t^d i t

dtod^rnsrxrhr"^''''''''"""''™"™^^"'^''^'''"^^^^^'^
Phmmg phdp Ihu lli^p dir lieu

hdi kCTIi'phtng S * "'" '•"••* '"'' '' "^^ '^ ^'^" ' - "^^ hing
kl Hi^TIr* .''°K°''*i,!'-'^" "*' " * "g^^ *^P h™h "ong fa phat ti duac thilt
ke dua tten cac bieu hien cua dirii kita nit ra tu cto tii lita nghien ctiu ,™g
nuoc, nuoc ngoa, va tren co so Uiam khto y kiln chuyta gia TTiang^o bfa
dau gom 33 menh dd dupe Uiiet kd nhim xic dinh: 1) Dinh kiln vl tinh cita
cua nguo. chip htoh xong to phat tu (bao gdm 14 mdnh dl "rong I cd 7
m,nh de nghich dao); 2) Djnh kiln vd kha ntog hoto iumig ^ n l r t ^ chip

TAPCHITAMLVHpCStf 10(211), 10-2016

77


hinh xong to f)h?t tu (bao gdm 9 mdnh dd,ti-ongdd cd 2 mdnh dd nghjch dio);
3) Dinh kien vd vai ttd xa hpi ciia ngudri chip hinh xong in ph»t tii (bao gdm
10 mdnh dl, tiong do cd 3 menh dd nghich dao). Nhung mdnh dl nghich dio li
nhOng mtah dd Uid hidn danh gia tich cue vl ngudi chip hinh xong iii phat tii.
Mdi menh dd co 4 phuomg in tti Idi nhu sau: Hoto tota ddng y (ting vdi
1 diem); Ddng y (2 dilm); Khdng ddng y (3 didm); Hoin tota khdng ddng y (4
didm). Rieng Djnh kiln vd tmh cich cua ngudi chip htoh xong to phat til Uii
cic phuang to tri loi: Hoto toto gidng vol ngudi di til ve (ilng vdi I dilm);
Phin Idn gidng vdi ngudi di tu vl (2 dilm); Phin Idn khdng gidng vdi ngudi di
tii vd (3 didm); Hoto toto khdng gidng vori ngudi di tii vd (4 dilm).

Sau khi tmh toto dd hita Iuc va dp tin cjy cila ttifag do, cudi cting ttiang
do cdn 25 mtah dd dim bio cic tieu chuin tim tiie, trong do cd 10 mpnh dl
nghjch dio. Cic mdnh dl nghjch dio dupc dii ngupc diem khi xu Iy dii lita
Dp tm ciy Alpha cua Cronbach toto ttifag do dinli kiln ddi vdi ngudi chip
hinh xong in phat til la 0,817.
Phdn tich dir lifu
u„ ,^'J^ P''^' h'^" '^'^ '"^ ^'"h 1''^" i^ac nhau, phep phto tich nhto td khim
phi (EFA) dupc sii dyng vdi phuong phip phto tich cic ttiinh phin ehd ylu
(Principle components). Hp sd KMO va Battlett Ii 0,83 vi p < 0,05 cho Uiiy bd
dtt htattiichhpp cho phto tich ylu td.
... " "'.h. "'"h * ™ 'lini' W^n: Sau khi ddi dilm cto mdnh dl nghjch dto
diein dinh kien Chung dupc tinh la diem ttung binh tit ca cto mtah dl cua ttiang
dp. Md, k,eu dinh kita eOng dupc tinb tirong hj, nhu vjy. Dd tin cay Alpha cda
Cronbach cac tteu Uifag do dao dpng ttpng khotog tit 0,609 din 0,846, dim bto
eho vipc do ludng cic mit niy.
vj A-' ™ r *if?^ u'^"" '^^ " " ' ' ""h Win. '•ism ctog cao ttti ctag it dinh kiln
vi d.em ctogtttaptti,ctog nhita dinh kita vdi ngudi chip hinh xong to phiit til.
tn,„o
?'^-'^-"u
?^9 sd ''^
' " vi
"""g
'™S
tiung hibinh,
dp lech 1°
chuan,
lupng
ty Id
%. md ti dii lipu bao gSm dilm
3. Ket qui nghidn ctiu

3.1. Cdc kiiu dinh kiin dii vdi ngudi chip hdnh xong dn phfl ti,
Phto tita nhto td khim phi EFA tao kit qui dupc thi hita d btog I
sd tiii >'^ 4 vi''dL*",f ' ^ *^ ? . ' ^ ' ' ' •"'"" ^^ "-"^^ '^' ^*° '*<= y^ •» vdi h^
ylu t6 khYc diu S n 'pSl!"h- ^ 1 " ;*" " ^*" ''• r S ''hi hi sd tii vto cie
yeu to khic deu ttiap. Phdp phfa tich cho ttiay cd 5 ylu td duac rdt ra, thi hita

^Hiofd-^'"
' " f '^-\"«^*' ^- "*' '"' "g^^'hip btoh%™„gtoph^'t
Dva vto npi dung cto menh dd vi didm trung binh cua cto mtah df tiong ttag
78

TAP CHfTAM LV HOC, Stf 10 (211), 10 - 2016


ydu td, COttlddat ten cd cic kita dd nhu s
Bang /.- Cdc kiiu dinh Uen dii vdi ngudi chip hdnh xong dn phgt tit

l».OIletlaodan|!
M. Khi ed ea hdi tt nhthig ngirtri chip hlnh xonj
IBlihallulai-iiiaiaqiiendudnecO"
!l. Nhin Chung, kho mi tin ring ngroi chip hanl
rtons in phat tu s5 hoan lifong
'

TAPCHITAMLVHpCStf 10(211), 10-2016

79


22. Sdm hay mupn thi ngudi di til ve ciing se v

-0,034
Dham phap luat

0,207

0,095

0,709

0,151

23. Neu quyet tam thi ngudi chap hanh xong an
0,074
phat tu se trd thanh ngirdi lirong thien*

0,165

0,038

0.067

0,755

14. Neu dupc quan tam giup dd, ngudi chip hanl
nong an phat til se trd thanh cong dan cd ich cho 0,109
sii hgi*

-0,031

0,062

0,090

0,722

25. Ngudi di tu ve cd (he iam nhting vice co ich cho
0,055
cpng dong nlu dirpc dpng vien, khuyin khich*

0,309

-0,101 0,015

0,694

Ghi chi: Cdc mfnh di ddnh diiu ' Id nhimg minh de nghich ddo.

- Ydu td 1 bao gdm 7 mtah dl, mang npi dung xoay quanh nhihig die
didm nhin cich tieh cue cua con ngucri. Theo dinh gii cua ngudi dto, dua ttdn
diem trung binh ttiu dupc ttii ngudi chip htoh xong in phat til it cd nhting tinh
cich nay. Vi ttid, kiiu niy dupc dit ten Ii ngudi chip hdnh xong dn phgl lit
khdng phdi Id nhung ngudi cd tinh cdch til
Yeu td 2 bao gdm 6 mtah tik, mang ndi dung xoay quanh vin dl cd
lien quan den viec ttiuc hita cic vai trd xi hpi (mpt cdng dto, mdt ngudi cha,
ngudi mp trong gia dinb...) cua ngudi chip hanh xong to phjt til ttong qui
tiinh til hda nhip edng ddng, dupe dit ten Ii ngudi chdp hdnh xong dn phgt lit
khdng thi ddm duang cdc vai trd xd hpi
- Yeu to 3 bao gdm 6 mdnh dd, cung mang npi dung xoay quanh vin dl
cd hen quan den cic dje didm tinh cich cua ngudi chip bfah xong an phjt td
nhung la nhihig die diem mang tinh tidu eg-c, dupc dat tdn Ii ngudi chip hdnh

xong an phgl tu Id nhimg ngudi cd tinh cdch chua lil.
- Ydu td 4 bao gdm 3 mtah dl, mang ndi dung xoay qufah vin dl cd
hen guan den vipc xa hpi nhin nhjn khi ning ngudi chip hanh xong in phjt tu
eo gang, pbfa dau dd trd thtoh cdng dto luong thidn, hda nhap thinh cdng vdi
cpng ddng d muc dp nip, dupc dat ten Ii ngudi chip hdnh xong dn pha, lu Id
nhung ngudi khd cd the hodn luang.
Ylu td 5 bao gdm 3 mdnh dd, mang npi dung xoay quanh vin dl cd
hen quan den viec lieu cdng ddng cd nhin nhto ngudi chip hinh xong to phat
tu nhu la nhihig con nguoi cd ich cho xi hpi khi mi bin ttiin nhiing con ngudi
nrng mpt ttidi Iam Idi quydt tam vumi Ita dudi sv giup dS cua toto xa hdi hay
khong, dupe tam dat tta Ii ngudi chip hdnh xong dn phgt tu Id nhiing ngudi
khong CO gid n-i vdi xd hgi
* *

TAPCHfTAM lyHPC Stf 10 (211), 10 - 2016


3.Z MS Id cdc kiiu Mnh kiin
Id nnhung
h i ^ nguai
' * " *cd^ 'lmh
' ' ^ " cdch
" i f ^ 'Idt ^ ^ ' "''^
to

^ ' ' " " ? ^" P*^< ' *

IhSngphdi
s f""'

vi h t o J i . t r ' ^ '" "hihig dto didm nhto cieh ndi bat, 5n dinh, ehi phdi hinh
L T 4 i f \ r r T " " ' . ' ' ' - " " ' ''*• " '^^ h*-; "hOng ngudi da timg mpt

ChS r „ ° i ^ • r ' £: ™, f ""^ "^^ '^"« "^g -^^ *«»""tag phi™
eta t S t b i l i b i d
' " ' K ' " ' " f f : ^ ' * ' ' ' " " * ° htog 2 cho ttiiy, DTB ehmig
eua mat bieu hita nay bfag 2,44 vdi dp Itoh chuin Ii 0,53. Nhu vay nhin
Chung ngua, dan dang cd nhihig dtoh gii nghieng v l phia tita cue tao fZ
nhting ngudi chap hinh xong to phat tu It cd cto phim c L tdt cua con n ^ ^ '
Bang 2: Muc dp dinh kiin vdi ngudi chip hdnh xong dn phat tu khdng phdi Id
nhung nguai cd tinh cdch tdt (Ty If %, diim trung'binh vd dp
Uchlht^n)

Cic menh dl
I.C:dychivuanlen'

Hoan
toitn

11,3

2. Ton trong ngtrfri khac'

Phan Phin \im Hoan toan
Ion
khong
khong
DTB
giong
giong

giong

BLC

44,9

38,4

5,4

2,61

0,75

40,4

43,7

7,0

2,51

0,75

1. Thin diian'

8,9

28,0

47,9

15,2

4 Tl nhi'

2,30

0,83

8,2

33,4

41,9

16,5

2,33

0,84

38,8

41,0

2,54

0,80

7,4

39,0

40,1

13,5

2,40

n,i

35,0 I 38.4

5. Tuin dli ky luat'
S. Chim chi"
7. Tilt kiem'

I

BTB Chung

15,5

2,41
2,44

0,53

Qhi Chi: Cdc mfnh di ddnh ddu ' dugc dii diim khi linh diim

Sd lieu dilu tta eimg ehi ra su dinh kiln ro net ddi vdi ngufti di til vd tin
t ^ h i ' e b T " h ° ' ' ' T - . ' ' " "^-^ h? P h ^ "»" ' ^ " " g phii '4 ngufti t h t o I h i t a
3 ^ 2 5 ^ 4 0 v i 2 4 t c ^ ^ ^ ' ^ r " ^ " " * ' ^ - " ^ '"^"h dd'niy lin l u ^ T i
D i v l i ' n h . w „h * b ^ .
" ' ' ™ "8^*"8 diem ttung vj cua tt^ig la 2 50)
ct^L
' '
' " " " " ^ * " " ° ' 1"^ he voi nguai khto vf Idi s6„g
„ „ ^ ^ ' i *ifi ' T " " ' ' " " ^ ^ '**'^h ttld ttiam gia cudc dilu tta eho ring nhOne
ngufti chap hinb xong to phat tii cdy chi vuan len (nlu gpp ty la phin t f ^ r j

TAPCHlTAMLyHpC, Stf 10(211), 10-2016


hai muc dp Ii hodn todn gidng vi phdn ldn gidng Uii cd tdi 56,2% sd khich ttld
ddng y vol nhto djnh niy). Tuy nhien, phin ldn nguoi dto vin nhto dinh hp li
nhung ngufti khd gin, ttiiiu td nhj ttong quan he vfti cpng ddng va Ii nhihig
ngufti lufti bilng, hofag phi. Cd tdi 63,2% sd khich ttil cho ring ngufti mto han
til khdng phai Ii nhung ngufti than ttiita. Tti 53,5% din 58,4»7o sd ngufti nhjn
dinh tinh cham chi, tilt kidm, tl nhi khdng phii Ii nhiing die dilm tinh cich eua hp.
Mpt didu dfag Iuu y Ii ci 7 phim chit tich cue: cd y chi vuan Idn, tdn
ttpng nguoi khie, ttito ttiidn, tl nhj, tuto thu ky lujt, cham chi, tilt kidm dupc
neu ra ddu dupc xem la nhtag die didm chung ciia con ngufti, chu khdng phii
Ii dac diem cua mdt nhdm ngufti djc biet nio do. Mpt ngufti da pham tdi (nie
la the hidn su kdm hito ttld phap luat trong qui khii) nhung sau khi trii qua qui
trinh giio due, cii tao d mdi miftng trai giam vi dupc cip giiy chung nhto
chap hinh xong to phat tu, dupc vl vdi cpng ddng Uii xdt ft hita tai, ho vin cd
the la mpt con ngufti te nhj, cham chi, Uiin thita, bilt tdntt-pngngudi khic vi
CO y chi vuan ldn tiong cupc sdng. Vipc nhin nhjn vi dinli gii nhtag ngufti
chap htoh xong to phjt tii chi dua tren qui khii cda ho chinh la cii nhin dinh

kidn ddi vdi nhdm ngufti nay.
Logi dinh kiin Ihir hai: Ngtrdi chap hdnh xong dn phg, nV Id nhimg ngudi
ca Itnh cdch chua Id,
Bang 3: Mirc dp dinh kiin vdi ngirdi chip hdnh xong dn phai lit nhu Id nhirng
ngudt cd tinh cdch chua Id, (Ty If %. diim trung binh vd dp lech chuin)
Cic phinmg in tri loi !"/„)
Cic mfnh de

Hoan
toiin
giong

PbinIdn
giong

Phan 16-n Hoin toin
khSng
khong
giong
giong

BTB

BLC

l.lchki

5,0

39,8

44,9

10,3

2,60

0,73

2. Vo trach nhiem

6,4

36,2

47,9

9,5

2,60

0,74

3. Gh^l lao dpng

7,8

35,0

40,7

16,5

2,66

4 Thieu tir trpng

6.4

36,6

44,9

12,1

2,63

5. Buong tha

12,1

39,2

39,6

9,1

2,46

6. Oi> din

8,7

48,3

32,1

10.9

BTB Chung

0,77

2,45
236

0,51

1,-w, S^" 1"? " " h '"'"' "*" "•" ° ''ay ddu la nhtag phim chit tieu cue vi li
nhtag dto diem tieu eve eua eon ngufti ndi taung chti khdng phii cfla ridng
TAP CHf TAMLy HPC Stf 10(211), 10-2016


^!^-1?"
! ^ f"*" *'^ "h4n mfah vto nhtag dac didm tinh ctoh tita cue d
hoTcL ã "^ f, "đ ^ " h " •* 8 ^ ™ ''"i i ^ " Phtoi tdi mi khdng xem xet
manT
t i ^djnb
X bkiln.
l - r ' "'"" " ^ " " ^ """"' '^'^ "^ hoi cflng till hita^ai nhin

mang
tinh
chia A L

T

^"^f. """^ ^' 'ho thay mit biiu bita dinh kfin ngudi

^ h r l w • ' ? . " ' " ' " '* '''^'- ^ ^ ^'J-' <^° "h^ "hto dinh, cto khita thi khdng
nhung nhm nhto ngufti taip htoh xong to pbat til li nhtag ngufti it ed eto

Phat tfl'^to ?nt» v" "^ .<^ho thiy djnh kiln ddi vai ngufti chip hinh xong to
fht h ' n ™ \
" '•" ? "™ ' ^ ' '^^ hudng Uii vi dfl din (cd I T B
ttn rinrndt tfnh
h r " - ' " " . * ' " * "'"• ^° '^•''''°''' '^ l^ata ttid duoe hdi
to ptot tSvi 57 00/ *"°"5 *".'hi"h la dto didm taa ngufti chip htoh' xong
k a£Xil
V • ; " ' " '"^ '"" '^ " ' ' ' ™ " ? "h™8 "^' 'inh cich cua ngufti
I

ra r- T ^

r ^ ' " P j ' " '"• .^^ ''">' "•"= ''i"h •5"g nhtag neuoi da tung v i o S

9 ra tp, phan Im, la nhung ddi tuang dtt din, budng thi bin thto cdThl 4 i l n
f cpng dong e ngai khi tidp xuc ydi ngufti chip hinh xong to phauu H dn ^Zl
t l " xfle " ' ! . ' * / V ^ * " ' " '* " " ^ S ''h-h thi tton'g die'n khto .TdT^,^
tidp xuc vol mpt sd ddi nrpng Ii ngufti mto ban Ki cd nhidu tiln to tiln su vf
ehua tten bp t,, dia phumig noi hp sinh sdng, tir dd din toi cich S i h gM Mlu

ttuta cam ve nhom ngufti chap htoh xong to phat K, ndi chung

duang^^ltJttt''"'''''''''^''''"''''''''''"'''•''''"
Vai tid xa hpi ft day lita qufa din vai tid cdng dto, vai tid gia dinh va vai
L T n h t o ?T " r . " ? ' ' ' •'"^ '°"-™ '^'' ^° "hac bid. nhd nh^g nhTn
y o u i n v'a 1 ? " ' ' '^'^^ "^"^ 'hap hinh xong to pbat tu cd dia vf phip
hAi^T ,12^'^ ™ "^""^ htog vfti mpi edng dto binh thuftng khto trong xi
hm dong thfti hp cflng phii thvc bita cto vai trd mi xi hdi giao eho Z b
Tr! Z t o t ' h " r " ã ' Ơ i t ' " " h - ™'' thanh vita cfla td'dto pbd noi eu
cto vai tto mi xa hp, giao tao cflng li mdt hinh thue djnh kiln vdi hp
,h„ t,-^" ^'^ ^- '.'""S hinh ft btog 4 cho phdp nhto xet dinh kiln vdi vide
ttiuc hita eac yai tro xa hdi cua ngufti chip hanh xong to phat til hien nav^ mfle
irung binh ttiip; ttong tdng sd 497 khach ttil ttiam gia khto sit thi 7f s o . '
ngudi djnh kien d muc ttung buih vi 12,3% - djnh k i l fftmti ca Sd ita ctog
chottiayngum dfa dfag nhin nhfa Uta e(,c ddi vol vidcttiuchita md" 6 va'ttf
nhat d,nh cua ngufti taip htoh xong to pha, ,u nhu vai ttd lam cha m e ™ ttd
TAP CHfTAMLynpc, Stf 10 (2111, 10-2016

83


cong din vi vai tio li thanh vidn eua td dto phd. Cu till, ba mdnh dl: Ngudi di
ft/ ve rpj se neu guong xdu cho nhiing ngudi xung quanh. Ngudi di lit vi se
phgm loinhtfu hon Id ldm viec Id,, Ngudi di tit vi khd cd thi day bdo dugc
dieu gi to, dep cho con cdi cia hg lai cd DTB (lin lupt li 2,92; 2,99 vi 2,94)
thap hon DTB ehung cua tidu thfag do.
Bdng 4: Mtic do dinh kiin ddi vdi vai h-d xd hpi cia ngudi chip hdnh xong dn
phat til (Ty le %, diem trung binh vd dp lich chudn)
Cac phirong an tri \in <%)

Hoan
toan
khong

Hoan
loan Dong; Khdng
dongy
dongy

Cac menh de

I. Ngudi di til ve la nhimg cong dan "hang
^t" cua xa hpi

BTB BLC

2,1

8,2

2. Nhimg ngudi di tu ve kho co thi day bio 2,4
Jupc dieu gi tit dep cho con cai cua ho

16,1

67,0

14,5

2,94

0,63

1. Ngudi di til ve s6 chi la ngudi xau

1,8

8,7

67,4

22,1

3,10

0,60

4. Da di til ve thi kho co thi trd thinh mdt
nguoi lao ddng chSm chi v4 tning thuc duoc

0,8

14,9

65,2

19,1

3.03

0,61

5. Ngudi di tH ve roi se n6u guong xiu che
nhihig ngudi xung quanh

1,6

14,1

67,6

16,7

2,99

0,61

5. Ngudi di til ve se pham ldi nhieu hon la
lim vi§c tot

1,4

17,5

68,4

12,7

1

BTB chnnff

65,2

24,5

3,12

0,62

2,92

0,59

| 3,01

0,42

Nhir viy, nhtag ngufti taip hinh xong to phat tu khi trft vl xa hdi dfl
n g S t t o n f " ' ? " " " "^''^i '^^ '^"« 'him chi. ttung tbuc h a y l i X
nguft, to ttong tirong la,, song vto bj cdng ddng nghi ngft vl khi ntog li.^
mpt ngua, htog xdm tdt, mpt edng dto lumig thipn vi dto bipt li khi ning
nuoi day con eii ttong gia dinh.
v yi .a «.IM nang
lucmg

Logi dinh kiin Ihir Ur: Ngudi chip hdnh xong dn phgt lu kho cd Ihi hodn

mA, i " ^ ' T"^ h o ^ luong trong qui trinh tii hda nhjp cdng ddng cQne li
v t ^ t 1 T H " ' ^ ' ' * " "''*" ••'""^ ' ' ' "8hi«n ctiu thV l T n h Z S

'
vi khoa hpc xa hp, ve ngufti taip hfah xong to ph,t til. Tieu chi dl khfan
dtnh mpt ngufti chap htah xong to phat tfl tii hda nhjp cdng ddng thinh^^g
84

TAPCHfTAM L y n p c Stf 10 (211), 10-2016


\

hay ttdng chinh la d chd hotfiucsy doanti^rdtduoe qua khu pham tdi, vum
c " tZTJt"
H"" ' ^ J!^ * i ^ •** cupc dfti. Zo tti4 ke C S T I S
2^6% tt^r ' ^ ""• "'^°^ tu phapttiitilnto, 2002 ddn 2012, cd t*
n h l h ! ^ ^ "' " ^ ^ 'h?P h ^ ™ng & phat m Uiudc dita khto s^t tii ^
pham phap luat (b, xu ly ci vd bmh su cung nhu hinh chmh) va s ^ t ^ n^a^
S r i Z T T * " ^ ' 1 ^ * ^ P"* "^"hf: Hi Npi,ttiJ p h d Hd™cS£Sn^
S s c^i^'' y '™? fng dang dinh gii vd qua ttmh hoto luong cda nhi2
ngum chap hanh xongtophattiinhuttldnio?
B>-<"iinung
''"'''•'^^JJi^^^ri'^fnghadnhrtmgcuangudichdphdnhxong
an phat hraylf%, dtem trung binh vd dp lech chuAn)
Cac pbggng an tra loi (%i
Hoan
toan iDong y Kbong I toan
dong y
kbdng
dongy
dong y

Cac menh de

I. Nhin chung, kho ma tin r ^ g nhimg
igtriri di tu ve sg hoan lironR

3,2

0,65

2. Khi CO CO hpi fa nhihig ngiroi di tii v^
lai "ngua quen dirong cS"

42J

J. Som hay mupn thi ngucri di tu '
:ung se vi phgm phap luat

54,5

OTB chung

0,71
2,73

0.73

2,64 I 0 ^ 5

ruitiT''T^''''"'''''>hie?'ni;vô'^forsdl^gdÊg"tiSiTS
Z^lh^Z't

ã"'ã * " ' " '* "h'^" "Suoi dto taua Bi^su t™ mZg'lig
ngufti chap hanh xongtophattilcd thd vuot qua nhimg tic ddng tircurtf
phia xa hp, va se khdng tai pham khi dupcttdvl vdi clig ddng Tto 1* ni^
bit nguon tu sv lo Itog vi nhto djnh ngufti chip hinh xongfaphfi tfl iTmdi de
d^^tm an mnh tr,ttirtaaedng ddng (cittdntti,etl cfln|nhu'mfag tinh bii:
HiNdfS'^s^:itimZS^ST-?tri''*'^*^''''h^
mdtttongnhflngdjapbLgcr.'lln^^'l^.StSirnfrp^tt^ti^
TAPCHiTAMLyHOC.Sd 10(211). 1 0 - 2 0 1 6


tien ca nuac. Cmigttieottidngke cua Cdng fa thinh phd Ha Ndi. ttong tdng sd
1.054 ngum mfa ban tu nim 2014. ed khotog 82,4% ttong s6 dd tid vl sinh
sotig tai dia phumig vi 17,5% sd ngufti bd di nai khto mi ca quan taue ntog
khong quan ly dupc; ty Id ngufti mto han tfl chua dupe xda to tita lai lai ph^un
nam 2014 xap x, 21,0% (ttong dd tap timig vto sd ngufti da tiing pham eto tpi
danh ve ma tiiy: cac tpi xam pham hit tit, fa tofa cdng cdng va ttat tir quto ly
hanh tamh; cac tp, xam pham sd huu). Them vto dd, mdt sd vu ttpng fa tien
d,a ban tbanh phd Hi Ndi cd lidn quan din ngufti da tiing pham tdi vd ma tuy
va mac ngh.ta mi bto tai da thdng tin ddn ngufti dan trong thfti gifa vtia qua
da gop phfa vao vide cung ed tir duy ngufti mto h ^ tu li nhihig ddi tupng
Item an nguy co pham tpi ttong cpng ddng, tu dd din moi ngufti din xu hudng
xa lanh nhung ngufti cd qui khu pb^m tpi khi hp trd vl dja pbuong.

Logi dinh kiin thu ndm: Ngirdi chip hdnh xong dn phat lit Id nhiing ngu
khong CO gta h-i ddi vdi xdhpi
* *
kil i^nTu"®''l'".c'*" ^''"" hing 6) tao thiy, mit bidu hita niy cua dinh
k^n cd DTB btog 3.25 (vdi dp Idta chufa = 0,50) tuc Ii ft mue dp tiiip. Nhin
Chung, ttong cac kieu djnh kien tfii day la kiiu it tieu circ nhit.
Bdng 6: Mirc do dinh kiin vi mat gid Iri xd hdi cua ngudi chip hdnh xong

an phgl tu (Ty If %, diim trung binh vd dp lfch chudn)
C i c phuOTig i n tri loi f %
Hoan
Hoan t o i n
toin Bingy Kh6ng khdng dong
dongy
dongy

C i c menh d\

Neu duiyc quan tam giup dd,,
Igudi di til ve s5 tr* thanh cong dan
c6 ich cho xg hdi*

38,4

2. Neu quy^t tim thi nhirng ngucri
li til vi s6 trd Ihanh ngudi lucms
thijn*
^

1.5

BTB

3,31

3,29

3. Ngudi di til ve c6 the lam nhOnj

Mec cd ich cho cpng ding neu dmjc
idng vien, khuyen khich*

BLC

0,66

0,70

BTB Chung

3.25 I 0,50

Ghi chti: Cdc minh di ddnh diu ' dugc d6i diim khi linh diim
Phto tita dua ttta ty Id phin trim (gdp c i hai mtic dp hodn todn ddngy

86

TAP CHf TAM Lynpc Stf 10(211), 10-2016


i

n L t ^ - ^ ' h ® ' -° * ' ^ ' " ' " '"•'"*' ^ "'^'h ttld dugc hdi tin tirdng ring
a ^ d^h *" " I ' ' " " ' *^ «*P "^ "^"S cho xa hpi nlu duoc q u ^ tam
sup d„ hoa „^„ ^ „ ^ ,„ ^ j , ^ ^ ^ ,
mto hfa Kl cd ttil tift ttlh cta9
^ l u m i g ttudn, cd ita cho cdng ddng. Do dd, nlu cae co quan c M c ^ g Ito
ot cong tiic quto ly, giio_ due vi giup da ngufti chip banh xong a^ p t a tii^
cpng vm v,ec bto ttito tndi ngufti mto banttittiatsu^d y tt,uc woTlen Ai^d l i

^;st:ss%:;rtS^r-^-^---^-h;f:^
4. Kit luin

da chi m t k i l ! f d ! l ' t - ' ' ^ *•'. *"" ^ " ^ phd Hi Ndi, nghita eim buftc diu
S

h

!

5

' " ™ " 8 " " "^hip hanh xong to phat tfl d cto muc dd

noon /BOTig; thu tir la nguai chap hanh xong dn phat tu khdng thi ddm

d,„^„

z^'k^m^:^^^''''^^"'--^'^-cTadW^lTlnT' ^'^^ " * " r ™ ™ ""• " "h™ ' ^ ' - ' • bidu h n khic'nSu
totei^Silt
N T h i r " ' ' - " ' ^ ™"^ '" P"'' "^ ''""S ' - "ghita cuu tii;
eZh^
^„1' r ^ r
' T ^ '*" ^™ hto ft vide Ito rd djnh kiln vfti nguth
chap terii xong to phat m o dang cdng khai ehu khdng khao sit dinh k l H
Tii lieu tham khao

i ^ ^ ? C : - ] S ^ S ^ d S r ^ ; ^ ^ - « h f l hita), ,ng
S o . ' " " " ^ ' ' " """ "*"• '•""' '-^ ^"^ '' *"'•• N™ Tti dita Bieh kbo^ Hi

4. Vfl Vin Hda, Ti chuc Idi hda nhgp cdng ddng cho ngudi chip hdnh xong dn phat

TAP CHlTAM LyHOC, Stf 10(211), 10-2016

87


'!'..'.'"° '^*f ."*"« f!"? ''^ '"d"g Cdnh sdt nhdn ddn trong phdng ngira tdi phgm d
1 tft Nam, Luan an Tien s, Luat hpe. Hoe vita Cinh sat nhto dto. H i Npi. 2013.
^ ^ ^ ' ' T f T " . " ^ ' ' ' ' " ' " " ' ^''OP-"""
ofltie Sex Offender Altitude Scale. MSc.
of Clmtcal Psychology Thes,s, East Tennessee State University, USA, 2009.

6. Ljiljana Miksaj Todorovie, Aleksandar Budjanovac, Public opinion toward offenders
tmdrehabilttanon in Croaha: The impact of gender, age. educglign and level of urbaniTad
Krtmtnologtja t socijalna Integracija, Vol. 8 (Br. 1 - 2), pp. 35 - 42, 2000.
7. Victoria M. Venable, Tell Me How You Really Feel: The Attitudes ofthe African
American Church Toward African American Juvenile Sex Offenders, PhD of Philosophy
Thesis, The Ohio State University, USA, 2012.
8. Sen Liu, Universily Students' Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Sex Offenders
and Treatment of Sex Offenders In New Zealand and China, MSc. of Psvcholosv
Un,versityofWaikato,NewZealand,2014.
L ^ T ^ T f " ' ' ' ^""^^^ Students'Attlludes toward Prisoners and Prisoner Reentry
™.D ot Philosophy Thesis, Indiana Univereity of Pennsylvania, USA, 2009.

TAP CHf TAMLy HOC Stf-10(211), 10-2016