Yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến mức độ hài lòng của người dân đối với chương trình xây dựng nông thôn mới tỉnh hậu giang

KHOA HOC CONG NGHE

Y £ U T O AIVH HUOIXIG DEIXI MIJC DO HAI LOIXIG
CLIA IXlGLTbl DAIXI DOI VOI CHUOIXIG TRIIXIH X A Y DIJIXIG
IXIOIXIG THdiXI IVIOI TilVH HAU GIAIVG
Vd Hong TiiS Nguyfin Tltiiy Trang*
T6MTAT
Nghien ciru duac thuc hien nhiim danh gia miic do hai long cua ngudi dan vfi Chuong trinh xay dung nong
thon radi (NTM) tir dd dfi xuat giai phap de thuc hien thanh cdng, hieu qua va bfin viing cho chuong trinh
tai tinh Hau Giang. Nghifin cuu thuc hien phong van 458 hp d 3 nhdm xa hoan thanh tdt, hoan thanh kha va
hoan thanh thap cac tifiu chi ve xay dung NTM. De phan tich miic do hai long ciia ngudi dan, nghien ciiu su
dung phan ticb nhan td kham pha vit hoi quy tuong quan da bien. Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay, cd 4 nhom
nhan td anh hudng mice do hai long cua ngudi dan ve chuang trinh xay dung NTM, gdm: vai tro ciia chinh
quyen va ngudi dan, thdng tin va kien thiic. Id ich cua chuong trinh va su tham gia cua ngudi dan, Trong
do, nhan td hudng thu loi ich tir chuong trinh NTM cd tac dgng ldn nhat va tuong quan thuan voi miic dp
hai long cua ngudi dan ve xay dung NTM.
Tit khda: Nong thon moi, muc do hai long, phan tich nhan td.

I.GMH THIEU
Ndng nghifip, nong thon, ndng dan la muc tieu
chien lupc dac biet quan trong trong qua trinh phat
trien kmh te - xa hdi, gdp phan quan trong thiic day
tang tnidng kinh te, la ca sd' dn dinh chinh tri va an
nmh qudc phdng; la yeu td quan trpng gdp phan dam
bao su phat tridn ben viing cua d£Lt nude trong qua
trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda theo dinh hudng
xa hdi chii nghia. Xay dung NTM la mdt chuong
hinh trpng diem dai han cap Qudc gia vdi muc tieu
thay doi toan bd dien mao khu vuc ndng thdn thdng
qua bp tifiu chi Qudc gia ve xay dung NTM theo
Quyet dinh 1980/QD-TTg ve viec ban hanh Bd tifiu

chi Qudc gia ve xa NTM giai doan 2016 - 2020 thay
the Quydt dinh sd 491/QD-Trg va Quyet dinh sd
342/QD-Trg.
Do la chuang trinh trong diem duoc thuc hifin
h-fin nhieu Unh vuc nen xay dung NTM yeu cdu
nguon kmh phi rat ldn. Tuy nhifin, ngudn vdn phan
bd tir ngan sach Trung uong ngay cang giam, cu tiie:
nam 2009 la 9,4% nhung chi cdn 1,7% trong nam 2014
[7]. Do vay, de chuang trinh thanh cong va hifiu qua
till viec dong gdp ctia ngudi dan la rat can thiet. Theo
bao cao tong ket tai Hoi nghi do Bp Ke hoach va Dau
hi phdi hpp ciing Bp Nong nghiep va PTNT, Uy ban
Nhan dan tinh Ben Tre to chiic ngay 25/6/2019 [1],

' Khoa Phat triln Nong thon. Trudng Dai hpc Cdn Thu
Email: :

trong 4 nam 2016-2019 cua giai doan 2, tong ngudn
vdn huy dong cho xay dung NTM dat 1,27 frifiu ty
dong (tuong duong 54 ty USD). Trong dd, ngan sach
nha nude cap true tiep khoang 7,45 ty USD va cdn lai
la cac ngudn khac (vdn tin dung, long ghep cac de
tai/du an, doanh nghifip va cdng ddng). Cung theo
bao cao nay, vai trd tham gia ddng gdp ciia cdng
dong la rat ldn. Tuy nhifin, theo Cdng van 1447/TTgKTN cho thay kdt qua nay mdt phan do chay theo
thanh tich nfin viec huy dong ddng gdp hiy tien va
qua miic da gay ra nhieu nguy ca tdn tiiuong vd kinh
te, dac biet doi vdi cac nhdm hd ngheo,...lam anh
huong dfin tinh bfin vimg cua chuong trinh. Ben
canh do, do cdng tac quy hoach va thuc hien quy

hoach xay dung chuang trinh NTM cdn han che su
tham gia ciia cdng ddng nfin ddi khi chua phii hop
vdi thuc dfin va chua dap ling nhu cdu ciia ngudi dan
[5]. Do vay viec nghien oiu ve miic do hai long ciia
ngudi dan cung nhu nhimg giai phap thu hut su tham
gia cua ngudi dan la rat can thiet nham dat dupc muc
tifiu "dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan
chu va van minh". Theo Raboca 112]; Miguel [9] va
Ehas 12] dinh nghia su hai Idng ciia khach hang hay
cdng ddng doi vdi mdt san pham hay dich vu la su
dap ling cac yfiu cau mong dpi cua chinh cdng dong
do.
Tir nhimg ly do (1) ngudn vdn ngan sach nha
nude gidi han, (2) ngudi dan la trung tam ciia qua
trinh xay dung NTM nh4m dam bao phuong cham
''Nhi nude va nhin dan cunglanf, (3) "benh thanh

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020

135


KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H C

De danh gia miic dp hai long cua ngum dan ve
tich" nen cong tac huy dong von qua miic cd thS lam
ton thuong sinh ke cho nhom ho ngheo va gia dinh chuong trinh x4y dung NTM, nghien cuu ap dung
kho khan, (4) thuc trang v4 su tham gia ciia nguoi kft hpp quan diSm cua Chu tich H6 Chi Mmh v«
dan trong chuong trinh xay dung NTM con han ch^ thuc hita phuong cham "dan biA, dan ban, dan lam
do chua tin tuong vao chuong trinh. Bi tai 'Yeu td dan ki^m tra" va ket hpp voi nhu cau thuc tita vk

anh huvng den mtic dd hai long aia nguoi dan vexaychuong trinh cung nhu khung ly thuyet ve mirc dp
dung NTM tai dnh Hau Giang" dupc thuc hien nhim hai long cua FomeU et al [3]. Khung ly thuyet ye
nghidn ciru toan di6n ve miic do hai long cua nguoi miic dp hai long cua ngudi dan trong qua trinh xay
dan doi voi nhung ket qua dat diroc cua chuong tiinh dung NTM dupc trinh bay cu the a hinh 1.
xay dung NTM, tii do giiip nha quan ly co nhimg ca
2.2. Phuong phip chpn vimg v4 mJu nghita ciiu
so de nang cao miic dp hai long cita nguoi dan trong
Trong tdng sd 8 don vi hanh chinh tinh HJu
qua trinh thuc hien xay dung va duy tri ket qua xay Giang, nghita ciiu se chpn ra 7 huyta cd miic dp
dung NTM.
hoan thanh chuong trinh xay dung NTM khic nhau,
Z.FHUgNGPIUPNGHBICUU
do la thi xa Nga Bay, huyta Phung Hidp, thi xa Long
My, huyta Vi Thuy, huydn Chau Thanh, Chau
2.1. C4ch U^ c4n nghita ciiu
Thanh A va huyta Long My. Nghien ciiu khong thuc
hidn phong van it thanh phd Vi Thanh do cd su khac
biet ldn ve xuat phat didm trong qua trinh xay dung
NTM nhu: ha tang, dau hi, thu nhjp,... Tuong ling
vdi mdi huyen/thi xa, nghien cim tidn hanh thao lu4n
voi van phdng dita phoi NTM dnh d^ chpn ra mpt
xa cd tinh dai dita cao de hinh thanh dupc 3 nhdm
xa cd miic dp hoan thanh khic nhau de tidn hinh so
sinh. Cu the 3 nhom xa cd miic dp hoan thinh khic
Hinh 1. Khung Ij? Ihuyft dinh gii miic &> hii ldng nhau dupc phan nhdm dua vao sd tidu chi da hoan
thinh h-ong qui trinh xay dung NTM, trong dd
dia nguW dan v4 NTM
nhdm tdt hoan thanh tir 17-19 tita chi, hoan thanh
Ngudn: Le Buc Niem va Truong Thanh Long
khi tir 12-16 va nhdm hoan thanh thap dudi 11 hdu

[101;Fomell etal [31
chi. Thdng tin dm ban vi co miu nghidn ciiu dupc
trinh biy d bing 1.
Bang 1. Dia b ^ nghifi n ciiu theo miic dO ho4n th^nh tifiu chi NTM
Sd tieu chi hoan thanh*
Xa
Huyen
19
Nga Bay
Dai Thanh
Chau Thanh A
19
Trudng Long Tay
Hoan thanh tdt
Ddng Phudc A
Chau Thanh
17
Long Phu
TX. Long My
15
Hoan thanh kha
ViThuy
Vinh Trung
12
Phung Hifip
Hda An
11
Hoan thanh thap
Long My
Vinh Vifin A

8
Tdng mau
Nhdm xa

Sdm&u
41
50
53
79
77
87
71
458

' So heu ve d^u chi hoan dianh cua cac xa tham khao tu Van phdng dieu phdi NTM Hau Giaiig[\l]
Cac ndng hd dupc lua chpn phdng van thdng hinh thiic chpn man ngau nhien theo mdt budc nhiy,
qua phuong phip budc nhiy, chpn mdt hd sau do bo ket qua nghidn ciiu se phin anh dupc thuc trang ve
mdt ho vi phdng van hd hep theo. De dim bao tinh miic dp hii long cOa ngirot dan.
2.3. Phuong phip phin tich
dai dita cao, nghien ciiu chon ra 3 myta duong cd
De thuc hita phan tich cic ydu td anh hudng
die di^m ve kinh te khic nhau theo su hudng din
cua cin bd dia phuong dd hdn hinh phdng vin. Vm ddn miic dd hii ldng cua ngudi dan ddi vm chuong
136

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020


KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
trinh NTM, nghifin cuu su dung k^t hgp hai phuong

phap phan tich gdm ph^n tich nhan td kham pha
(EFjy va hdi quy tuong quan da bien. Trong dd,
phan tich nhan td kham pha dirpc sii dung de gom
ckc bidn theo thang do Likert 5 cap dd cho cac nhdm
tifiu chi ve dan biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem tra,
ST/ tiiu hudng, dich vu ciia chmh quydn, trong dd 1 la
rat khdng hai ldng va 5 la rat hai long, cac tieu chi su
dung trong phan tich duoc trinh bay torn tat d' bang
6. Do vay, trudc khi thuc hien phan tich EFA, nghifin
cuu tien hanh thuc hifin kiem dmh chat lupng ciia
thang do thdng qua Cronbach's Alpha [14]. Cac nhan
td cd hfi sd Cronbach's Alpha nho hon 0,6 se hi loai
khdi md hinh nghifin cuu va cac bien quan sat cd hfi
sd tuang quan bien tong nhd hon 0,3 dupc xem la
bien nhifiu va ciing duac loai khdi thang do cua cac
nhan td [11]. Bfin canh su dung cac bien dpc lap
dupc xay dung tu ket qua phan tich EFA dua theo
nhdm tieu chi ve dan biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan
ki^m tra, su thu hudng, dich vu cua chinh quyen,
nghifin cuu cdn xem xet cac yeu td vfi dac diem cua
ngudi tra ldi phdng van nhu trinh dd, gidi tinh va
tudi. Cac bien dSc diem ddp vifin duoc gia dinh cd
anh hudng d^n miic do hai ldng cua ngudi dan va day
la cac bidn mdi duac dua vao md hinh nham ki^m
dinh gia thuydt dac didm dap vifin khac nhau cd the
dan ddn nhan thiic v6 mtic dd hai long khac nhau.
Viec dua them bidn dac diem ngudi tra ldi phdng van
vao md hinh duoc thuc hifin dua vao ket qua nghien
ciiu truoc cua nhdm tac gia, cu the la dac diem nay
cd anh hudng co y nghia ddn miic sin long tham gia

va ddng gdp vao chuang trinh xay dung NTM [13].
Tuong tu, ddi vdi bien phu thudc (Y) cung dupc
do ludng tiidng qua 3 tifiu chi vd miic dp hai ldng
theo thang do Likert 5 cap do va sir dung EFA de tao
thanh mpt bien dai dien bang phuang phap hoi quy
(regression) gidng nhu trudng hpp bien ddc lap theo
cdng thiic 1. Cu the 3 tifiu chi sii dung trong do ludng
muc dp hai long cua ngudi dan gdm (1) su hat ldng
ddi vdi chat lupng xay dung NTM, (2) su hai long ddi
vdi qua trinh tiidn khai xay dung NTM va (3) su hai
long trong dap ting ky vpng ciia ngudi dan ve qua

TT
1
2
3

Tidu chi
Tudi
Trinh dd
Gioi tinh

Ky hieu
Tuoi
Trinhdo
Gioitinh

tiinh xay dung NTM. Su dung phuong phap EFA
trong tinh bidn Y da dupc thuc hifin bdi cac nghien
ciiu cua Vd Thi Lan va Ha Minh Tuan (2013) [6];

Pham Thi Lien va Nguyfin Thi Ngpc Anh (2014) [8];
Le Diic Nifim va Truang Thanh Long (2017) [10]. Sau
khi thuc hien phan tich EFA de hmh thanh cac bien
phu thudc va dpc lap, nghifin oiu tidn hanh su dung
hoi quy tuang quan da bien OLS de xac dinh cac yeu
td anh hudng den miic dp hai long ciia ngudi dan.
Phuong trinh hdi quy ly thuydt cd dang:
^1 = P*+^^k

f IK + 0aTrinAdOt + ^aCioitinhi + 0^Tuoi,

Trong dd: Yi: Miic dp hai long chung cua ngudi
dan ve chuang trinh xay dung NTM;
y5,: He sd can uoc lupng;
F^ la cac bien an Oatent) phan anh cac nhan td
dan bifit, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem tra, su thu
hudng, dich vu ciia chinh quyen sau khi thuc hifin
phan tich nhan td;
Trinhdo, Gioitinhvk Tuoi\k ckc bie'n ve trinh dp,
gidi tinh va tudi ciia ngudi tra ldi phdng van, dupc gia
dinh CO anh huong ddn su hai ldng (dupc thdng kfi
md t a d bang 2);
^1 : Sai sd ngau nhien.
Doi vdi bidn /^^ la nhan td thii k cua hd thii /;
duoc thiet lap dua vao cac tieu chi nho ciia dan bidt,
dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem tra, su thu hudng, dich
vu cua chinh quyen. Cdng thirc tmh gia tri bien F ciia
nhan td tini k va hd thii i de dua vao md hmh dua
tren phuang phap hdi quy (regression) cua
Thurstone (1935)[15], cu the cdng thitc tinh dupc

trinh bay nhu sau:
fir,-

Z„ X RZ\ X P^
(1)

Trong dd, Z la gia tri chuan hda theo cdng thuc
^'S; R' Nghich dao ma tran tuong quan
(mverse of the variable correlation matrix); P la gia
tri ciia ma tran tai nhan td (matrbt of factor loadings).

Donvi
Nam
Nam di hpc
l=nam: 0=niT

Trung binh
56,14
6.28
0,53

Lech chuan
12,36
3,61
0.50

.\'gudn: Ket qua didu tra ndm 2019, n^l. >,

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020

137


KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H E

Ve dac diem ngudi tra ldi phdng van, ket qua d
bang 2 cho thay tuoi trung binh la 56,14 vdi trinh dd
hpc van trung binh kha thap, khoang lop 6. Gidi tinh
ciia dap vifin kha can ddi, khoang 53% la nam va 47%
nu.
8. KET QUA NQHHI CUU VA IHAO LUM
3.1. Thi;rc trang hokn thanh cac tifiu chi v^ xSy
dung NTM tai H|u Giang
B ^ g 3. TTiuc trgng xSy dung NTM tinh Hau Giang
cudi nam 2018
STT

Nhdm tieu chi

Sdxa
dat

Tyle
{%)
53,70

1

Bat 19 tidu chi

29

2

Dat 15-18 tieu chi

3

5,56

3

Dat 10-14 Ueu chi

17

31,48

4

Dat 5-9 tieu chi

5

9,26

5

Dat dudi 5 tidu chi

0

0,00

TfingcOng

54

100,00

Ngudn: Vin phdng dieu phdi NTM tinh Hau

Giang\m
Theo sd hfiu thdng kfi tir Van phdng difiu phdi
NTM tinh Hau Giang, tinh den cudi nam 2018, Hau
Giang da cdng nhan 29/54 xa NTM, dat 53,70% (dan
dau khu vuc ddng bang sdng Cuu Long), cd 01 don
vi cap huyfin hoan thanh nhifim vu xay dung NTM,

SO". 1. jj f

"" '
:o%

» J, 1?

trung bmh cac xa tren dia ban tinh dat 15,1 tifiu
chi/xa.
Sau hon 8 nam tiiuc hifin Chuang trinh muc tieu
Qudc gia ve xay dung NTM, Hau Giang da dat dupc

nhieu kfit qua dang khich le. Ket qua ve cac tieu chi
NTM da dugc fliuc hifin hoan tiianh tai tinh Hau
Giang duoc trinh bay b hmh 2.
Theo ket qua binh bay b hinh 2 cho thay, trong
tdng sd 54 xa dang ky thuc hifin chuong tiinh NTM
toan tinh thi cac tifiu chi 1 (quy hoach va thuc hifin
quy hoach), 4 (dien), 8 (buu dien), 12 (ca cau lao
ddng), 13 (hinh thiic td chiic san xuat), 14 (giao
due), 16 (van hda) va 19 (an nmh trat tu xa hdi) la
nhirng beu chi cd th6 dupc danh gia la dfi hoan thanh
nhat vdi hon 85% trong tdng sd xa dang ky da hoan
thanh. Ngupc lai vdi nhiing tifiu chi nay thi nhdm tifiu
chi gdm dfiu chi sd 2 (giao t h d n ^ , 5 (trudng hpc), 6
(ca sd vat chat van hda) va 17 (mdi trudng) la nhirng
tifiu chi khd thuc hifin nhat nen ty le xa hoan thanh
cac hfiu chi con thap. Nhung tifiu chi cdn lai cd miic
dp khd trong khau thuc hifin va nfin miic hoan thanh
la tuong ddi. Nhimg tifiu chi khd thuc hien nay do
yfiu cau ldn ve ngan sach cung nhu su tham gia tich
cue cua ngudi dan va difiu kien san co ciia mdi dia
phuong do vay de day nhanh tidn dp thuc hifin va
hoan thanh cac tifiu chi nay cdng tac tuyen truydn dd
nang cao nhan thiic va thu hiit su tham gia cua cpng
dong la het siic can thiet

—

1 1

,7 " J4 ' ô ô 1

ã'

2ô

2!

\

-^ -*^ -^ .1.

o .'\

'^

-^

C\

1

\

^

P'

^
^^ s^ v^

• .Si'n-1 li,)nn [liniili

T '

^ / /

8 Siixn chua Ini.lii Iliniih

Hinh 2. Kdt qua thuc hi& NTM tinh Hftu Giang theo 19 tidu chi
Ngudn: Vdn phdng didu phoi NTM tinh Hau GiangiU]
Ghi chu: TC1-TC19 la 19 tieu chi thudc Bo tieu chi Qudcgia vd xa NTM. diroc ban hanh theo Quydt dinh
1980/QB-TTgngayl7aiangl0nam2016.
3.2. Nh$n thiic vS loi ich chuong tiinh NTM
Tir kdt qua d bang 4 cho thay cac tieu chi duoc
ngudi d&n danh gia cao ddi vdi chuong trinh xay

138

dung NTM la quan he ho hang va lang xdm dupc cai
thien nhd cac ho^t ddng tap the nhu lam hang rao; td
chiic lien ket san xuat va deu thu (hop tac xa); ty le

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020


KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
hdc sinh di hoc cao hon nhd vao cdng tac tuyen
huy^n van dpng ciia c ^ bd cac ban nganh; moi
trudng canh quan dep hon; j> thiic cdng ddng ve dam

hao an ninh trat to va cai each ve thu tuc hanh chinh
tro nen thuan tidn hon.

Bing 4. NhSn thiic dia ngudi dta v^ c4c lgi ich ciia chuong triiih NTM
TT

Tieu chi

1

NTM gdp phan gia tang thu nhap cho ndng nghidp

2

NTM gdp phan gia tang thu nhap cho cdng nghiep

3

NTM gdp phan gia tang thu nhap cho dich vu

4

Nhidu hd ndng dan tham gia td chiic san xutit

5

Budn ban ndng nghiep duoc thuan tidn hon

6

Ty le hd ngheo duoc giam dang kd

7

Quan hd ho hang va hang xdm duoc cai thien

8

Dich vu y te dugc cai thien tdt hon

9
10

Ty Id hoc smh di hpc cao hon do dieu kien di lai tdt
hon
Mdi trudng canh quan d dia phuong dep hon

11

Rac thai dugc xu ly tdt hon ndn it d nhidm hon

12

Ty Id hd xii dung nude sach cao hon

13
14

Cac CO sd san xuat gay d nhidm mdi trudng quan tam
hon den xu ly va bao ve mdi trudng

Nha vd smh ao ca da giam dang ke

15

He thdng giao thdng dugc cai thien

16

He thdng kdnh ndi dong va thuy lgi tdt hon

17

Nang suat san xuat ndng nghiep tang cao hon

Tdt
3,75

.....a£3)...

jl8

Cij nhidu khu vui choi thd thao va chat lugng tdt hon
"T}"ie hp cd nha d tam bp giam dang ke

20

Khu chp dupc thanh lap nen chat lugng dupc quan ly
tdt hon va dam bao vd sinh thuc pham tdt hon

2,78

Q-AXl.....
3,02
(1,37)
3,14
(1,29)
4,21
(0,95)
4,08
(0,91)
4,25
(0,90)
3,66
(1,12)
4,40
(0,81)
4,16
(0,87)
3,28
(1,23)
3,42
(1,57)
2,91
(1,25)
3,95
(1,07)
4,15
(0,99)
4,08
(0,79)
3,76

(0,96)
2,63
(1.23)
3,95
(0,92)
3,35
(1,22)

Dan vi tinh: didmtilingbinh
Nhdmxa
Kha
Thap
3,57
3,34
(1,03)
(0,98)
2,72
2,42
i
._...CL35)....
ilM. i
2,97
2,55
(1,30)
(1,28)
2,84
(1,34)
3,82
(1,09)
3,72

(0,92)
4,19
(0,90)
3,81
(0,97)
4,42
(0,82)
4,10
(0,77)
3,23
(1,30)
3,40
(1,50)
2,76
(1,23)
3,61
(1,19)
3,90
(1,14)
3,97
(0,92)
3,64
(1,11)
2.22
(1.38)
3,72
(0.90)
3,49
(1.01)

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020

2,70
(1,27)
3,80
(0,98)
3,53
(1,02)
3,97
(1,08)
3,51
(1,05)
4,27
(1,02)
3,75
(0,90)
3,18
(1,35)
2,18
(1,38)
2,35
(1,15)
3,23
(1,22)
3,71
(1,13)
3,77
(0,99)
3,61
(0,91)

2,08"

i
i

;

.-• -,i',l'-g--J|
3,44
(1,01)
3,18
(1,08)


KHOA HOC

C6NG

/ ^ ninh trat tu xa hdi duoc quan ly tdt hon

4,22
(0,84)

Y thiic cdng ddng ve dam bao an ninh trat tu tdt hon

24

NGH|

Thii Uic hanh chinh dupc cai each nen thuan hen

hon chp dan
Trinh dp vi quan ly va cdng nghe thdng tin ciia can
bd dia phuong duoc cai thidn

3,94
(0,92)

4,22

4,05

(0,83)

(0,70)

4,27
(0,79)
4,24
(0,68)

4,27
(0,66)
4,16
(0,69)

3.90

(a?4L
3.95
(0,89)

4,08
(0,87)
3,91
(0,88)

Ngudn: Ket qua didu da nam 2019, n=458
Ghi chu: [~ J Cic tieu chi duqc danh 0a thap, vdi thang diem dudi 3 tiong thang 1-5; cac sd dong dau
ngoac (*) thd hien dp Idch chuan.
Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cung cho thay, mat dii NTM
dugc thuc hien vdi muc dich gdp phan thuc day phat
trien kmh te cho dia phuimg nhung nhan thiic cua
ngudi dan ve tac ddng ciia NTM den hoat ddng san
xuat cdng nghiep, y thiic bao ve mdi trudng cua cac
CO sd ch^ bien cung nhu co sd ha tang phuc vu vui
choi, giai tri cdn hiin chd.
3.3. KA qua phSn tich cic y & td anh huong ddn
miic do hii ldng ciia ngudi dSn v^ xay dung NTM
3.3.1. Kdt qua kiem dinh chat luang ciia thang
do
Nghien ciiu su dung he sd Cronbach's Alpha de
Idem tra dp tin cay cac thang do ciia 6 nhan td (dan
biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem tra, hudng thu va su
phuc vu cua chinh quyen dia phuong) cd anh hudng
den miic dp hai ldng ciia nguoi dan ve xay dung

NTM. Nhimg nhan td cd hd sd Cronbach's /Upha nhd
hon 0,6 se bi loai khdi md hinh nghidn ciiu va cac
bien quan sat cd he sd tuong quan bidn tdng nhd hon
0,3 duoc xem la bien nhidu va cung duoc Ip^ khoi
thang do ciia cac nhan td [11].

Qua phan tich Crpnbach's Alpha chp timg thang
dp, md hinh cd tat ca 6 thang do dam bap chat luong
vdi 20 bien quan sat dii dieu kien voi he sd
Crpnbach's Alpha >0,6 chiing td cac thang do cua 6
nhan td cd dp tin cay cap. Ngpai ra, trong 22 bien
quan sat trpng 6 nhdm nhan td dugc tien hanh phan
tich thi cd 2 bien quan sat ciia cac nhan td dan ban va
su phuc vu cua chinh quydn dia phuong hi Ipai do
khdng dap ling cac didu kien. Cac bien quan sat cdn
lai cd he sd tupng quan bien tdng Ion hon 0,3 ndn
deu su dung dd phan tich.

Bang 5. Kdt qui phto Hch ch& lupng thang dp bang h^ sd Cronbach Alpha
He sd Cronbach Alpha
STT 1
Nhdm bien
Sd bien
Bidn ddc lip
1
1 Miic dd hai ldng
0,956
3
Bidn phu thudc
Dan bidt
0,912
2
5
Dan ban
0,943
3

2
Dan lam
4
4
0,878
Dan kidm tra
5
0,965
2
Hudng thu ket qua
6
4
0,929
Su phuc vu cua chinh quydn dia phuong
0,894
7
3
3.3.2. Ket qua phin tich nhan tdkhani phi • EFA
Phan tich dupc thuc hien theo budc kiem dinh
sau: Hfi sd tai nhan td cua cac bien quan sat dfiu ldn
hon 0,5; chiing td cac bien quan sat cd dp tin cay va
dupc xem la cd y nghia thuc tifin [4]. Kiem dinh tinh
tiiich hap cua EFA: hfi sd KMO - 0,926 >0,5 tiida
man tinh thich hpp cua phan tich nhan td neu 0,5 <
140

Ngudn: Ketqua dieu tra nBm 2019, n=458
KMO < 1 [4,16]. Kiem dinh tuong quan ciia cac bien
quan sat trong thudc do dai difin: kiem dinh Bartlett
cd miic y nghJa thdng ke d miic 1%, cho biet cac bidn

quan sat tuong quan vdi nhau trong tdng the va phii
hpp de phan tich nhan td. Kiem dmh miic dp giai
thich cua cac bi^n quan sat ddi V('n nhan td: tn sd
phuong sai dich (% cumulative vanance) la 75,862% >

N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020


iCHOA HOC CdNG NGHt
50%. Di^u nay cd nghia la 75,862% tiiay doi cua cac
nhan to dupc giai thich bdi cac bidn quan sat. Sau dd,
thuc hifin cac budc xoay nhan td de dam bao cac bien
quan sat thudc cac nhan td, cac he sd tai nhan td ldn
hon 0,5 va dupc phan ddu tren cac nhan td.

Nhan td 2 gdm 5 bien quan sat va dupc ky hieu
la F2: voi dac diem cua cac bien la thdng tin duoc phd
hien va chia se tir chinh quyen den ngudi dan cung
nhu kien thiic ciia ngudi dan ve NTM nfin nhan td
dupc dat ten la T H O N G TIN vA KIEN THUC.

Bang 6 cho thiy cac bien dac trung deu cd he sd
tai nhan td (Factor loadmg) ldn hon 0,5. Ket qua
phan tich cho thay cd 4 nhan td dupc sap xep lai va
khac vdi md hinh ly thuyet ban dau (cd 6 nhan td).
Nhu vay, dd danh gia su hai ldng ciia ngudi dan ddi
vdi chuong trinh xay dung NTM, nghien cuu da gdp
phan dd xuat chinh sua md hmh ly thuyet theo cac
hien duoc trinh bay d phan tiep theo.

Nhan td 3 gdm 4 bien quan sat va dupc ky hifiu
la F3: vdi cac dac diem ciia bifin ve tac ddng cua NTM
den chat lupng cudc sdng, mdi trudng va san xuat
nen nhan td nay duoc dat ten M LOI ICH CUA
CHUONG TRINH.

Nhan td 1 bao gom 7 bidn quan sat va dupc ky
hifiu la Fi: vdi cac dac didm cua bien gdm su tham
gia cua chinh quyfin va ngudi dan cung nhu giam sat
danh gia nfin nhan td 1 dupc dac ten la VAI TRO
CUA CHINH QUY^N vA NGUOI D A N .

Nhan td 4 gdm 4 bifin quan sat va dupc ky hieu
la F4: vdi cac dac diem ciia bidn md ta su tham gia
ddng gdp va thuc hien cua ngudi dan trong qua trinh
xay dung NTM nfin nhan td nay dupc dat tfin la
THAM GIA CUA NGUOI D A N .
Nhu vay, qua cac kiem dinh chat luang thang do
va cac kiem dinh ciia md hinh EFA, nhan difin cd 4
thang do dai difin cho cac yeu td tac ddng dfin su hai
long cua cdng ddng vdi 20 bien dac tnmg.

BSng 6. Kdt qua phSn tich nhSn \6 (EFA)
Nhan td
Bien

Md ta bien
F,
Tuyen truyen ciia Nha nude
0,771

Thdng nhat de an NTM
0,775
Z2
Tham gia hop, gdp y de an
0,748
Chinh quyen khuyen khich, hd tro
0,744
Ct
0,723
Chinh quyen vin ddng ngudi dan
W,
0,704
Tham gia kiem tra, giam sat
0,700
Vai trd cua ngudi dan
Bidt duoc y nghia ciia vide xay dung NTM
X.
Biet rd cac tieu chi xay dung NTM
X,
Chii ddng tim hieu thdng tin NTM
X.,
DUPC cung cap cac tai lieu NTM
X.,
DUPC phd bien kien thiic vd NTM
X,
Mdi trudng smh hpat cai diidn
Qi
An ninh trat tu duoc nang cao
Q.,
Chat luong doi sdng duoc nang cao

Q,
San xuat duoc cai thidn
Qj
Gdp tai chinh chp vide xay dung NTM
K,
Gdp cdng lap ddng cho xay dung NTM
K,
Tham gia gdp dat cho xay dung NTM
K,
Tham gia thuc hidn cac tieu chi
K,
0.5 < He sd KMO . 0,926 <1; Bartlett's test: Sig. - 0,000 < 0,050
Tong phugn g sai Hch 75,862% > 50%

F,

F,

F.

c,

z,

c,

w,

0,801
0,793

0,711
0,708
0,679
0,862
0,857
0,804
0,752
0,819
0,804
0,764
0,619

.\giiun: Ket qua phan ti'ch nhan to (FF.-i)tiisdlieu didu tia nam 2019

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020


KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
3.3.3. Cic nhan td inh hudng ddn miic do hii
ldng cua ngudi dan ve xiy dimg NTM

ngudi dan cdn bi anh hudng bdi nhifiu yeu to khac
ma nghifin cuu nay chua dd cap ddn.

Be danh gia miic dp anh hudng cua timg nhan td
den su hai cua ngudi dan ve xay dung NTM, nghien
ciiu str dung md hinh hoi quy da bien, trong do cac
bidn dpc lap gdm cac nhan td ciia ket qua phan tich
nhan td kham pha EFA trong bang 6 cung vdi cac
bien vd dac diem nhan khau hpc nhu dp tudi, gidi

tinh va trinh dp hpc van (Bang 3).

Ket qua phan tich a bang 7 cung cho thay cd 4
bidn (Fl, Fa, F3, F4) anh hudng cd y nghia va ty lfi
tiiuan vdt miic dd hai ldng ciia nguoi dan. Cac bien v^
dac diem dap vifin (tudi, trinh do hoc van va gidi
tinh) khdng cd anh hudng den muc do hai ldng cua
ngudi dan ddi vdi chuong trinh xay dung NTM.

Ddi vdi bi^n Fj v4 vai trd cua ngudi dan va chinh
quyen dia phuang, kdt qua nghien ciiu cho thay khi
ngudi dan va chinh quyen dia phuang thuc hifin tdt
vai trd ciia minh (van dpng, tuyfin truyen, thao luan
ke hoach,...) sfi gdp phan nang cao dupc su hai ldng
cua ngudi dan trong qua trinh xay dung NTM.
Tuong tu, ddi vol bien /%. ve thdng tin va kien thiic
Ket qua b bang 7 cho thay R- = 0,57, cd nghia la
ciia ngudi dan cung nhu chinh quydn dia phuang ve
57% thay ddi ve miic dp hai ldng cua ngudi dan vfi
chuang trinh xay dung NTM, neu cdng tac tuyfin
xay dung NTM dupc giai thich bdi cac bien ddc lap
truyen kien tinic tdt se giiip cho ngudi dan nim duoc
ciia md hinh. Nhu vay, ngoai cac yeu td neu trfin tac
y nghia cua viec thuc hien chuong trinh va tir dd gdp
ddng den miic dp hai ldng ciia ngudi dan ve xay dung
NTM tai tinh Hau Giang thi miic dp hai ldng cua phan nang cao nhan thiic ciing nhu su hai ldng ciia
nguoi dan.
Bang 7. K^t qua hdi quy cac ydu td anh hirdng ddn miic dp hai ldng
Hd sd chua chuan hda
Hd sd chuan hda

Bien ddc lap
t
Sig.
B
Sai sp chuan
Beta
0,033
10,521
0,000
0,350
0,327
F,
0,232
0,033
0,217
0,000
6,995
F,
0,592
0,033
0,554
17,833
0,000
F,
0,341
0,033
0,319
10,319
0,000
Ft

Tudi
0,004
0,003
0,042
1,257
0,209
Trinh dp hpc van
0,012
0,010
0,041
0,219
1,230
Gidi tinh
0,003
0,067
0,959
0,002
0,052
Hangsd
3,230
0,223
14,465
0,000
0,570
R^

Kdt qua phan tich hdi quy: Ket qua kiem tra he
sd phong dai phuong sai VIF-Variance mflation
factor cho thay tat ca cac bien dfiu cd chi sd VIE <
10, di^u nay cho thiiy khdng xay ra hifin tupng da

cpng tuyen.

Ngudn. .- Kdt qui phin tich hdi quy tu sdheu dieu tra nSm 2019
cong tac tuyen truyfin va van ddng ngudi dan dd
nang cao hieu bidt cua ngudi dan vd lpi ich ciing nhu
tac ddng cua chuong trinh den kinh te - xa hdi dia
phuang ciing nhu kinh te hd gia dmh.

Ddi vdi bien 7^ phan anh nhan thiic vfi loi ich cua
chuong trinh NTM, hfi sd hdi quy bang 0,592 va Idn
nhat trong md hinh hdi quy cho thay nhan thiic vfi lpi
ich cd vai trd quan trong nhdt trong viec nang cao
hifiu qua chuong trinh cung nhu su hai long cua
ngudi dan. Ket qua nghien ciiu cung tiJong tu ddi vdi
trudng hpp bifin F^, khi ngudi dan cd ca hdi tham gia
sau, rpng vao chuong trinh se gdp phan nang cao
dupc su hai long cua chinh ban than hp.
Tdm l^i, ket qua nghifin cuu cho thay dd nang
cao miic dp hai long ciia ngudi dan vfi ket qua xay
dung NTM, chinh quy^n dia phuong can day manh

4. KET LUAN
cac tieu chi sd 1 (quy hoach va thuc hifin quy
hoach), 4 (difin), 8 (buu difin), 12 (ca cau lao dpng),
13 (hinh thuc to chiic san xuat), 14 (giao due), 16
(van hda) va 19 (an mnh ti^t tir xa hdi) la nhung tifiu
chi cd thd dupc danh gia la dfi hoan thanh nhat vdi
hon 85% ti-ong tdng sd xa dang ky da hoan thanh.
Nguoe lai vdi nhimg tifiu chi nay thi nhom Ufiu chi

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020


KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
gdm tieu chi sd 2 (giao thdng), 5 (truong hpc), 6 (ca
sa vat chat van hda) va 17 (mdi trudng) la nhiing tifiu
chi khd thuc hifin nfin ty le xa hoan thanh cac tieu
chi cdn thap.
Ket qua nghifin ciiu vd nhan thiic cua ngudi dan
ddi vdi loi ich chuong trinh NTM trfin dia ban tinh
Hau Giang cho thay NTM cd tac dpng rat tich cue
den nhidu khia canh trong ddi sdng cua dan cu ndng
thdn. Tuy nhien, ket qua nghifin ciiu cung cho tluiy
thuc hifin chuong trinh xay dung NTM cd tac ddng
han che ddn hoat dpng san xuat cdng nghiep, ddi hoi
nang cao y thuc bao vfi mdi tnrdng cua cac ca sa che
bidn cung nhu ca sd' h^ tang phuc vu vui choi, giai
tii.

dan
mdi
hoc
126,

5. Hoang, T. Q. (2017). Su tham gia cua nguoi
trong giam sat diu tu cdng xay dung ndng thon
a tinh Thira Tiiifin - Hue. Tap chi Khoa hoc - Dai
Hue: Ndng nghidp va Phit tiien ndng thdn.T.
S. 3B.

6. Vd Thi Lan va Ha Minh Tuan (2013). Danh gia
miic dp hai Idng cua khach hang ddi voi chat lupng
dich vu chudi cua hang tifin loi Co.op Food trfin dia
ban TP. HCM. Tap chi Phat tiien Kmh te, 3949.
7. Le Thi Mai Lien, Nguyfin Thi Le Thu (2014).
Chinh sach huy dong va quan ly cac ngudn Iuc tai
chinh xay dimg ndng thdn mdi. Bd Tii chmh.

8. Ufin, P. T., & Anh, N. T N. (2014). Assessmg
Customer Satisfaction and Service Quahty A
Kdt qua nghifin ciiu cho thay, nguoi dan hai long Vietnamese Context VNU Joumal of Science:
ve chuong trinh xay dung NTM d dia phuong vdi Economics and Bushiess, Vol. 30, No. 2 (2014) 39-54.
miic 3,51/5 diem. Cd 4 nhdm nhan td anh huong cd y
9. Miguel, Narciso Arcas-Lario and Gustavo
nghia thdng ke den su hai long cua nguoi dan gom
vai trd ciia chinh quydn va ngudi dan (Fj), thdng tm Marcos-Matas (2012). Farmers' satisfaction and
va kien thiic (F), lpi ich cua chuong trmh (F^ vk intention to continue membership m agncultural
versus
tham gia cua nguoi dan (F^. Nhan td nhan thiic v^ marketing co-operatives: Neoclassical
lpi ich ciia chuang trinh cd tac ddng ldn nh^t va cd y transaction cost considerations. European Review of
Agricultiiral
Economics
40.2:
239-260.
nghia thdng kfi b muc 1% vdi mtic dp hai long ciia
ngudi dan ve xay dung NTM. Do vay, nang cao nhan
10. Le Diic Nifim, Truang Thanh Long (2017).
thiic cua ngudi dan ve tac ddng va lpi ich cua chuong Nghien ciiu su hai ldng ciia ngudi dan trong cdng tac
trinh xay dung NTM sfi gdp phan quan trpng den xay dung ndng thdn mdi d xa Ea Tifiu, huyfin Cu
hifiu qua cung nhu su hai ldng cua ngudi dan ddi vdi Kuin, tinh Dak Lak. Tap chi Khoa hoc - Dai hoc Hue,

chuong trinh xay dung NTM.
126(5A), 219-227.
TAI UEU THAM KHAQ

11. Nunnally, J. C. (1994). Psychometric
3E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

theory

1. Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu, Bp Ndng nghiep va
PTNTva Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Ben Tre (2019). Bio
cio tdng ket hpi nghi; "Nganh kd hoach, diu tu vi
thdng ke chung sue xiy dung ndng thdn mdi" giai
doan 2011 - 2020". Ngay 25/06/2019.

12. Raboca, H. M. (2006). Determinants of
Customer Satisfaction and Service Quahty-The Case
of Romanian Pubhc Services. Transylvanlan Review
of Admimstrative Sciences, 2(l&), 124-135.

2. Ehas, A., Nohmi, M., Yasunobu, K., & Ishida,
A. (2016). Farmers' satisfaction with agricultural
extension service and its influencmg factors: a case
study m North West Ethiopia. Journal ofAgricultural
Science and Technology, /i5(l), 39-53.

13. Nguyfin Thuy Trang, Vo Hong Tu (2016).
Nhan thiic va su san ldng ddng gdp cua ndng hd cho
chuong trinh xay dung nong thdn mdi tai tinh Hau
Giang. Tap chi Khoa hoc - Trudng Dal hoc Cin Tha,

46(2016), 96-103.

3. FomeU, C , Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W.,
Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American
customer satisfaction mdex: Nature, purpose, and
Endings. Joumal of Marketing, 60(A), 7-18.

14. Nguyfin Dinh Thp (2011). Phuang phap
nghien ciiu khoa hpc trong kinh doanh. NXB Lao
ddng Xa hdi

4. Hair, J. F., Jr., R. E. Anderson, R. L. Tatiiam
and W. C. Black (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis
with Readmgs, 5th Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice Hall.

15. Thurstone, L. L (1935). The vectors of mind.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, (pp. 226-231).
16. Hoang Trong, Chu Nguyfin Mdng Ngoc
(2008). Phan tich dir hfiu nghien ciiu vdi SPSS (Tap
1). TP. HCM: NXB Hdng Due.

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRllN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020

143


KHOA HOC CONG N G H t
17. van phdng dieu phdi NTM tinh Hau Giang tiling diu nam vi phuong hudng nhiem w o diang
(2019). Bio cio kdt qua tiiuc hien Chuong tiinh coding2019

IJyban Nhan dan tinh Hau Giang.
MTQG xay dung ndng thdn mdi, udc thuc hl$n 6
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SATISFACTION LEVEL OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS ON NEW RURAL
PROGRAM IN HAU GIANG PROVINCE
Vo Hong Tu, Nguyen Ihuy Trang
Summary
The study auned at assessing the satisfaction level of rural households on ttie new rural program m order to
propose solutions for successful and effective implementation as well as to ensure the sustainability of the
program in Hau Giang province. The study conducted interviews with 458 households in three commune
groups: well performance, moderate performance and low perfonnance of the 19 critena of new rural
program. To analyze and assess rural households' satisfaction level, the study used exploratory factor
analysis and multiple regression. The study results show that the four factors affecUng the rural
households' satisfaction level on the new rural program: roles of government and households, informaOon
and knowledge of rural households, perceived benefits and enjoyment from new rural program and
participation of rural households. In particular, the factor namely perceived benefits and enjoyment from
new rural program has the greatest impact and is positively correlated with the rural households'
satisfaction level on the new rural program.
Keywords: New ruralprogram, satisfacUon level, factor analysis.
Ngudri phan bifin: TS. Hoang Va Quang
Ngay nhan bai: 22/11/2019
Ngay thdng qua phan bifin: 25/12/2019
Ngay duy^t dang: 3/01/2020

144

N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020