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VA VAI TRO CAC HOAT DONG
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CI VUNG DONG BANG SONG ClTU LONG
•

LE CONG TAM

T6MTAT:
Bai viet tdng quan toan bd ly thuyet ve da dang hoa thu nhap vk vai tro c6a cac hoat d6ng
phi nong nghidp cua c5c nong ho tai khu vtfc d6ng bang s6ng Cihi Long. Dtfa trdn cd s6 ly
thuye't de di/a ra m6 hinh nghi6n ciju thich hdp vdi de tki va la ti^n de de tien hanh di sSu phSn
tich, tim ra cac nhSn to inh hifSng den viec da dang hda thu nhap cua ngUdi dan tai viing dong
bang song Ciki Long.
Tuf khoa: Thu nhSp, phi nong nghi$p, nong h6, d^ng bling song Cftu Long.

1. D$t va'n de
Tic sau khi gia nhap WTO, nen kinh te Viet
Nam da dat difdc nhiJng ket qua dang khich le nhif
t6'cdp tang tru'Sng kinh te trung binh trong 10 nam
dat 7,2%, xua't khau tang nhanh trong nam 2011
dat 96.91 ty USD, tang 36% so vdi nam trtfdc [15].
Dac biet, khu vrfc dong bang song Citu Long
(DBSCL) vdi di&n tich da't canh tac nong nghiep
va th^y san cua vung chu'a tdi 30% cua ca nirdc
nhimg mien T3y lai dong gdp hdn 50% dien lich
Ilia, 71% dien tich nuoi trong thuy san, 30% gia tri
san xua't nong nghiep va 54% san lifdng thuy san
cua ca nu'dc [15]. To'c dp tang trifdng kinh te nam

2019 trong vung dat 7,9% cao hdn so vdi ca nu'dc
6,76% gop phan lam thu nhap cua cac nong ho tai
day khong ngCfng tang len nhd vao viec da dang
hoa cac nguon thu nhSp tif linh vifc ndng nghiep
nhu" nu6i trong thuy san, cac hoat dong dich vu
trong nong nghiep,...
Tuy nhien, trong thifc te, cd ca'u kmh te cl vung
DBSCL v3n con nhieu bat cap. NSm 2003, nganh
sJn xua't nong, lam ngif nghiep van chiem ty trong

52

So 16-Thdng7/20:?0

Idn trong cd ca'u kinh te vdi 28% GDP, chiem m6t ty
trong Idn. Dieu nay cho thay, cac hoat ddng phi
nong nghiSp vkn chifa giif mot vai tro tifdng xiJng
vdi tiem nang cda no, thu nhSp tCf hoat dpng phi
nong nghiep chiem ty trong nho, nguyen nhan do
cac van de ve dau tif, san xuS't, nguon nhan life vk
tieu dung lam cho thu nhap cua cac nong hp cl
DBSCL thu nhap binh quan la 3,588 trieu
dong/ngu'di/thang so vdi vung Dong Nam Bp la
5,709 trieu dong/ngUdi/thang {Tong cue Thong k£,
2019). Nguyen nhSn chu ye'u la do sinh kecua ngi/cfi
dan d dSy da phan difa vao hoat ddng nong nghifip.
Vl vay, de nang cao thu nhap cho cac ndng hfl
d vung DBSCL, ngUdi dan c^n phai da dang hoa
cac nguon thu nhap tif nong nghiep va phi nong
nghiep nhif tang cifdng boat ddng nudi trong thuy

san, phat trien du lich va cac ng,\ ^ dich vu cao
nhkm day nhanh qua trinh hie
i hda ndng
^ ^ kjiu vifc
nghiep ndng thdn Viet Nam ndi
DBSCL ndi rieng. Dieu nay se
;„ y^g ^^i
nghiep phdt trien kinh te. gian
.^j (j^jg^
ddi sd'ng, on dinh xa hdi 5 vun^


KINH TE

2. Cd sd ly thuyet
2.1. Cdc khdi ni$m
Ndng ho: La nhffng hd gia dinh vffa tham gia
sdn xuat nong nghidp, vffa tham gia cac hoat dong
phi ndng nghidp. Vay ndng hd bao g6m cac hd gia
dinh mk chi3 hp la nhffng ngffdi tham gia san xua't
ndng nghiep, ndng dSn, nhffng ngffdi lam viec
d6ngan.
Da dang hda thu nhap: La sif gia tang trong sd'
Iffdng cdc nguon thu nhap tff cac boat ddng phi
ndng nghidp trong tdng thu nhap cua nong hp. Dd
chinh la thu nhap tff cac hoat ddng trong cac nganh
san xuat thiJ nhS't, thiJ hai va thff ba trong he thdng
tai khoan qudc gia. Nhffng ndng hd cd viec da dang
hda thu nhap difdc xem la ho ndng dan khdng
thuan tiiy v^ ngifdc lai la hp nong dan thuan tuy.

Cac ngudn thu nhap cua ndng hd:
- Thu nhSp ndng nghiep: la cac ngudn thu nhap
tff tS't c^ cdc hoat dpng ndng nghidp, nhff: trong
trot, chan nudi, thuy san,...
- Thu nh|p phi ndng nghiep bao gdm tS't ca cac
ngudn Idi nhuan mang lai tff hoat dong phi ndng
nghiep, nhff: tidn Iffdng va cac thu nhap khac mang
lai tff vide thue mffdn lao dpng trong nong nghiep,
khai thac, san xua't, dich vu va cac hoat ddng khac.
Ngo^i ra, cdn co cac ngudn thu nhSp khac, nhff: trd
cefp, tien thffdng,...
2.2. Cd s& ly thuyet
2.2.1. Ly thuyet ccf bdn cua hanh vi nong ho
Theo nghien cffu cua Chayanov (1920) cho thay
r^ng cdc ndng ho cd sff danh ddi giffa hai muc tieu
do la thu nhSp va da dang hda thu nhap. Nguydn
nhan chinh tao ra sff danh ddi nay la do vi tri dia ly
cdc ndng hp nay sinh sdng, dac biet la sd' Iffdng va
th&nh phdn cua ndng hd do. Didu nay cho thay
rang, vide SIS' dung quyet dinh l^m nong nghidp hay
phi ndng nghiep hoan toan phu thupc vao dac trffng
ciia ndng hd do. Trong md hinh nay cung chi ra
ring cdc ndng hd ludn td'i da hda Idi nhuan khi chi
phi cd hoi cua thdi gian lao ddng bang vdi gia tri
sdn Iffdng bien cua lao ddng.
2.2.2. Mo hinh cua Barnum-Suire
Md hinh nay xem ndng hd vffa la ngffdi san
xuS't, vffa la ngffdi tieu dung. Trong md hinh nay,
Bamum-Suire dffa ra cac gia dinh sau:
> Co mdt thi trffdng lao dpng chi cd Iffdng dd'i

vdi cdc boat ddng phi ndng nghiep ma cac ndng
hd nay ed.

> M6i ndng hd cd phan didn tich da't cd dinh.
> Thdi gian cho cac cdng viec nha va thdi gian
nhan rdi la gid'ng nhau, thffdng ngffdi ndng dan
thich l^m viec nha hdn.
> Vide Iffa ehpn giffa tieu dung cac san pham
do chinh minh lam ra va ban cac san pham cua
minh dd mua cdc san ph£m khac la quan trpng dd'i
vdi ndng hd.
> Bd qua nhffng rui ro.
Chayanov va Bamum-Suire cho rang, cdc ndng
hp de td'i da hda mffc dd hffu dung thi phai giai
quy^t 3 van de: San xua't, tieu dung va sff dung
thdi gian. Chung dffde phan anh trong ham san
xuS't. Vay dieu kien can bang ve san xua't va tieu
dung cua md hinh nay nhff sau:
- Nang suat lao ddng bidn bang vdi ty Id Iffdng
va nang suat lao dpng bien cua cdc ye'u td'd^u vao
khde bdng vdi gid trung binh cua cac yeu to' d^u
vao.
- Ty Id thay thd' bien giffa nhffng edp vS'n de
tren, vi du cdng vide nha (Tz) dd'i vdi san pham do
ehinh minh lam ra (C), cdng vide nha (Tz) dd'i vdi
tieu dung hang hda tren th; trffdng (M) va tieu
dung sdn pham do chinh minh lam ra (C) ddi vdi
tieu dung hang hda tren thi trffdng (M) bang ty Id
gid ca ciia chung (W/p , W/m, p/m).
Dd td'i da hda hffu dung thi cdc ndng hp phai

quye't dinh phan chia thdi gian ciia minh va eac
hoat ddng nay (lam ndng vdi hoat ddng phi ndng
nghiep; lam thud va thue mffdn lao dong, tieu
dung san pham do chinh minh lam ra va tieu dung
hang hda tren thi trffdng). Ndng hp dffa ra cdc
quye't dinh khdng chi phu thupc vao cac dac trffng
cua ho (so' nhan khau va ca'u true trong hd), ma
cdn phu thuoc vao sff thay ddi gia cdc ye'u tddau
vao - dau ra, gid cua san pham va ty le Iffdng trdn
thi trffdng.
2.2.i. Cdc yeu to dnh hudng den da dang hoa
thu nhap
Da dang hda thu nhap khdng ddng nghia vdi sff
da dang hda smh ke. Da dang hda thu nhSp la qud
trinh ma cac ndng hd xay dffng mdt ngudn thu da
dang tff cac hoat ddng nham cai thidn ddi sd'ng cua
hd, hd trd xa hoi va quan ly rui ro. Viec tao thu
nhap la mot trong nhffng thanh phan ciia chie'n Iffdc
sinhke[8].
Barrett et al (2001) dffa ra nhffng ddng cd dau
tidn goi la "ye'u to' day" nhff: giam thieu rui ro.

So 16-Thang 7/2020 53


TAP CHi GONG THIfdNG

giam bdt ye'u td' dff thffa trong viec sff dung lao
ddng, chdng lai khung hoang hoac ban chd' thanh
khoan,... Ddng cd thff hai dffde dffa ra bao gdm cac

"yd'u td' keo": thffe hien bd sung chien Iffdc giffa
cdc hoat ddng, chang han nhff hdi nhap cay trdngvai nudi, xay xat va san xuat.
Cdc nghien cffu nay cho chung ta thfi'y nhffng
nguyen nhan chu ye'u khid'n cdc ndng hd da dang
hda thu nhap do la:
Vu mua trong san xua't: Theo Ellis (1998), miia
vu la mdt trong nhffng nhan to tao ra thu nhap
chinh cua ndng dSn, nd thay ddi theo thdi gian.
Nen mua vu dffde coi nhff la mdt tai san thay ddi
theo thdi gian va cac ndng hd phan ffng vdi vide
thay ddi vu mCia bang cdch da dang hda thu nhdp.
Rui ro: Rui ro la mdt nhan td' quan trpng trong
vide da dang hda thu nhap eua ndng hd [9]. Chid'n
Iffdc giam thieu rui ro dffde cdc ndng hd dffa ra difa
trdn nhffng ddnh gid cd nhan va mffc dp riii ro tdc
ddng dd'n thu nhlip cua hp, vi vay hp tie'n hanh da
dang hda thu nhdp.
Thi trffdng lao dpng: Cdng vide cua thi trffdng
lao ddng trong ndng nghiep dffpc chii trpng, tuy
nhidn theo Ellis (2000) lai quan tam de'n mot sd'
dieu kidn ma thi trffdng lao ddng nay phai chiu:
dieu kien lam vide, khu vffc lam vide, chi phi giao
dich va quy dinh cua Chinh phu. Nhffng nhan td'
ndy se tdc ddng de'n cung va cau lao ddng, do do
se tac ddng dd'n da dang hda thu nhap.
Di eff: Theo Ellis (2000) di eff la hien tffdng ma
mdt hoac nhieu thanh vien trong gia dinh phai rdi
bd gia dinh ciia hp trong mdt thdi gian nha't dinh
va nd lffc tim ra vide lam va tai san mdi. Khi hidn
tffdng nay xay ra lam cho so Iffdng ngffdi trong

ndng hd lam cdng viec ndng nghidp thay ddi. tff
dd lam eho ca'u true ndng hd thay doi dan dd'n ca'u
true thu nhaip cu cua ndng hp thay doi va sff da
dang hda trong thu nhap ciia hd se xay ra. Vi vay,
di eff khdng nhffng la mdt nhdn to lam da dang hda
thu nhSp ma con cd md'i quan he mat thie't vdi thj
trffdng lao ddng trong khu vffc dd.
2.3. Cdc nghien cvtu triidc
Ke't qua tff cdc nghien cffu dffde thffe hien bdi
Piesse. Simister. va Thirtle (1998) cho thay, trong
vung sau vung xa, eac ngudn thu nhap phi ndng
nghiep lam tang ba't binh ddng thu nhap nhiftig
trong khu vffc dd thi nd lai lam giam sff bat binh
dang thu nhap.

54 So 16-Thang 7/2020

Kinsey, Burger, va Gunning (i ''^)^ oghidn
cffu da dang hda thu nhap d Zimbabwe, hp tie'n
hanh khao sdt 400 hp tdi dinh erf 6 ndng thdn
Zimbabwe trong 13 nam va nhan tha'y rang da
dang hda thu nhap la mot chien Irfdc dd'i phd dffde
sff dung trong thdi gian han hdn. Nghien cffu thffe
nghiem nay cd mot sd ban che' nhff sau: Thff nhat.
nghidn cffu nay it tap trung vao vai trd ciia da
dang hda thu nhdp trong mdi trffdng do thj. Hd
ngheo d khu vffc dd thi cung gap phai mdt sd' rui
ro tffdng tff nhff cac hd d ndng thdn, chang ban
nhff sff thay doi tra cong lao ddng, tha't bai thi
tnfdng, va nhffng nii ro dieu chinh cd ca'u va thay

ddi chinh sdch kinh td'. Thff hai, nghien cffu sff
dung ty le thu nhap phi ndng nghiep nhff mpt chi
so' dai dien cho sff da dang hda thu nhap. Chi sd
nay ra^t khd de do Iffdng, ddi hdi sff tinh toan
chinh xdc ve mffc dp thu nhap tff cdc hoat ddng
ndng nghiep va phi ndng nghiep.
Nghien cffu d Ethiopa va Tanzani dffde ihffc
hien bdi Dercon va Krishnan (1996) va nghien cffu
khao sdt tai An Dp thffe hidn bdi Micevska va
Rahut (2008), tim thay kd't qua Iffdng tff. Cd'u tnic
hd gia dinh dffdng nhff anh hffdng nhieu hdn ve
chie'n Iffdc da dang hda. Dau tien, quy md hp cd
mdt tdc dpng tich cffc va hieu qua trdn quye't dinh
da dang hda eac hoai ddng ndng nghidp. Tid'p de'n,
mdt life Iffdng lao ddng nam Idn cd lidn quan den
mdt xac sua't cao hdn ve da dang hda phi ndng
nghidp dia phffdng va anh hffdng de'n vide di eff.
T.Q.Trung va N.T.Tung (2008) sff dung dff
lieu VHLSS 1993, 1998, 2002 de phan tich nhidu
tdc ddng gian tie'p ciia tff do hda thffdng mai ve
hoat dpng kinh doanh va hanh vi cua cdc doanh
nghiep dia phffdng trong hoat ddng phi ndng
nghiep trong bd'i canh bie'n ddi mdi trffdng kinh td'
lai Viet Nam thdi gian qua.
Remco H. Oostendorp, T.Q. Trung va N.T.
Tiing (2009) cd ket luan tffdng tff vdi nghien cffu
cua Pham Thai Hffng (2007) bdng each sff dung dff
lipu tff VHLSS nam 1993, 1998, 2002 vdi md hinh
hdi quy logistic. Life Iffdng lao ddng ndng thdn da
dffde da dang hda vide lam phi ndng nghiep va cdc

linh vffc phi ndng nghiep da trd thanh ngudn vide
lam quan trpng nhat dd'i vdi dan eff ndng thdn ben
ngoai ndng nghiep Gidi tinh. dp tudi va gido due
dffde xem nhff la cac nhan id anh hffdng chinh den
sff da dang hda phi ndng nghidp.


KINH TE

3. Phrfdng phap nghidn ctfu va mo hinh
nghidn cii^
3.1. Phiidngphdp ngkiin ciiu
Phan loai thu nhap: Thu nhap cua ngffdi ndng
dan rat da dang, do do de ddn gidn trong viec phan
tich dff lieu, nghien cffu tie'n hanh phan chia cac
ngudn thu nhdp nhff sau: thu nhdp tff cdc cdng viec
ndng nghidp, thu nhdp tff cdc hoat ddng phi ndng
nghiep va thu nhap khdc.
Da dang hda: Theo cde nghidn cffu trffdc day,
6,21% cdc hd ndng ddn chi phu thupc vao mdt
ngudn thu nhap, trong khi do 65,39% cde hp ndng
ddn se cd 3 hoac 4 ngudn thu nhdp (VHLSS, 2008).
Viec da dang hda nay giiip cho cdc hd ndng dan
trdnh dffde cac cii sdc ve kinh te. So' Iffdng cdc
ngudn thu nhap cua mdt ndng hp thffdng phu thudc
vao cac nhan to' sau:
- Cung lao ddng cua ndng hd cang Idn thi cdc hd
dd cang da dang hda cac ngudn thu nhap. Dieu nay
cd nghia la trong dieu kidn cdc yd'u to' khdc khdng
thay ddi, ndng hd cd nhidu ngffdi trffdng thanh thi

se cd nhieu ngudn thu nhap khdc nhau.
- So' Iffdng ngudn thu nhap khdng phu thupc vao
ty le ddng gdp ma phu thudc vao sd' Iffdng nganh
nghe.
Do dd nghien cffu se dffa vao chi sd'can bang
Shannon de xdc dinh cdc ngudn ihu nhap cua mot
ndnghd.
Chi sd' Shanno dd dang do Iffdng trong khi tinh
todn cdc boat ddng phi ndng nghidp ddng gdp vao
tdng thu nhap thffe td' cua ndng hd tff rat nhieu
ngudn thu nhdp khdc nhau va cho bie't thu nhdp tff
cdc boat dpng phi ndng nghidp cang Idn thi ndng
hd dd cang da dang hda.
Cdng thffe xdy dffng chi sd Shanno [13]:
H[neoai<: = - ^ [(incshare,).ln(incshare,)]
Trong dd: S la sd Iffdng cdc ngudn thu nhap,
insharei la ty le ddng gdp cua ngudn thu nhap thff i
trong tdng thu nhap, H la chi so' tinh todn cdc ngudn
thu nhap cho mdi ndng hd va se tang len khi ndng
hd cang da dang hda. Dffa vao chi sd H chung ta
tinh dffde chi sd'E eua Shannon nhff sau:

-m^m

Chi sd E cd the danh gid mffc dp tdp trung cua
cac ngudn thu nhdp trong thu nhap ndng hp va do
Iffdng sff da dang hda ciia chiing. Theo dd, cd the
thay rang, ndng hd cang da dang hda thi E cang
Idn va ngffdc lai. Chi sd'E nay nhan gid tri bdng 0
khi nong hd khdng da dang hda (chi cd mot ngudn

thu nhap) va nhan gid tri 100 khi ndng hd da dang
hda nhieu nha't (ed ta't ca cdc ngudn thu nhdp).
Cdc nhan td'tdc ddng de'n da dang hda: Da dang
hda cde ngudn thu nhap trong boat dpng ndng
nghiep phu thudc vao 2 nhan to'chinh [10]:
- Ldi nhuan va rui ro trong boat ddng ndng
nghiep.
- Cdc nhan td' giup ndng hp tham gia boat dpng
phi ndng nghidp nhff gido due, sffc khde,
tay nghe,...
Theo Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, va
Nong Zhu (2005), cdc nhdn td' nay bao gdm: ddc
trffng ciia hd gia dinh (trinh dd hpc va'n cua nhffng
thanh vien trong hp, tudi ciia ehii hp, gidi tinh,
dien tich da't binh quan tren dIu ngffdi,...), dac
trffng ciia chinh quyen dia phffdng va khu vffc
(mat dp dan eff, khoang cdch tff lang xa de'n trung
tam thanh phd',...).
3.2. Mo hinh ly thuyet
Trong md hinh nay, chung ta quan tam ddn vide
cac ndng hd d ddng bang sdng Cffu Long cd da
dang hda thu nhap ciia minh khdng? Vi vdy, bie'n
phuc thudc se nhan gia tri 1 va 0. Khi ndng hd dd
da dang hda cde ngudn thu nhap cua minh. Nghia
la ndng hd cd tff 2 ngudn thu nhap trd len, thi nd
nhdn gid tri la 1, ngffdc lai se cd gia tri la 0. De
kidm tra va dff dodn xac sua't ciia vide da dang hda
thu nhdp cua ndng hd, chung ta cd th^ sff dung mdt
so' md hinhnhff: Md hinh tuyen tinh (LPM), md
hinh logit va probit.

Tuy nhien, theo Gujarati (2^M998), khi sff
dung md hinh tuye'n tinh de dff dodn xdc sud't,
chung ta se gap mot vai sai sdt: sai sd' phi he
thd'ng u;; da cdng tuye'n (heteroseedaseity) u,, xac
sud't f nam ngoai khoang tff O-I, R- thd'p.
Khi xay dffng mo hinh xdc sua't, can ddp ffng 2
dac diem sau;
(1) Khi bid'n phu thudc thay ddi, bid'n phu thupc
tang hay giam, nhffng khdng the vffdt qua gid tri
0-1.
(2) Md'i quan he giff bien phu thuoc va bid'n dpc
lap phai la quan he phi tuye'n tinh. Dieu nay cd

So 16-Thang 7/2020

55


TAPCHiCSllGTHIflfNG

nghia la bie'n phu thudc tie'n dd'n 1 hay 0 khi bid'n
ddc Idp nhdn gid tri cang ngay cang nhd hay cang
ngay cdng Idn. Md hinh logit va probit cd the ddp
ffng 2 yeu cau tren (Gujarati, 2'^ edition).
Trong nghien cffu nay tdc gia ehpn md hinh
Logit, bdi vi rad hinh nay tffdng dd'i ddn giai ve
mdt todn hpc. Theo Gujarati {2"' edition), md hinh
logit dffa tren ham xdc sua't tich luy. Ve mat todn
hoc, md hinh dffde vie't nhff sau:
I + e-"

Trong dd: Z,= 6i+ 6,X| + B^X^ + .- khi Z, thay
doi tff -00 dd'n +C0, thi xdc sud't P, chi dao ddng tff
0 den 1 and Pj cd md'i quan he phi tuye'n tinh
vdiZ,
Ne'u Pj Id xdc sud't da dang hda thu nhap, thi
(1-P,) la ngffdc lai. Chung ta cd:

Dodd, ham sd'nay cd thd vie't lai nhff sau:
Pj _ 1 +e^'
l-P, ~ 1 + e-'Gpi odds, O la ty Id odd dd'i vdi viec da dang
hda thu nhdp.
P,
O
(3.1.1)
l-P,
Tff cdc phffdng trinh tren, la'y log 2 vd', ta dffde:
Li = ln(0)=Z, = Z, = pi + |3,Xi+ P2X2
+ + PkXk + Uj (3.1.2)
Trong dd: Z, la xac sud't da dang hda cua ndng
hp thff i nhan gid tri 1 khi ndng hp cd da dang hda
thu nhdp va ngffdc lai thi nhan gid tri 0; Xj la bien
ddc lap the hien ddc tinh ndng hd cung nhu^g dieu
kien kinh te - xa hdi; Uj Id sai sdnglu nhidn.
Tff phffdng trinh (3.1.1) va (3.1.2). ta dffde:
P
O :

i

_ ^!+fl^tB|X + B X t

+BX

1-P,
Dd dff dodn he so hdi quy trong md hinh logit,
chiing ta cd the sff dung pmo hinh logit va xdc sua't
dff dodn P|.
3.3. Mo hinh cu the
Tff md hinh ly thuye't, chung ta cd the xay dffng
md hinh cu the cung vdi cdc bid'n phu thudc nhff
sau:
^^ / Da dang hoa TN
1 - Da dang hoa TN ) = Po-t
56

So 16-Thang 7/2020

3.4. Mo hinh nghien cihi
Viec da dang hda thu nhdp cua ndng hd thffdng
chiu tdc ddng bdi ddc trffng cua bd, riii ro san xud't
trong ndng nghidp, rui ro thi trffdng va thu nhap
khdc. Do dd, de xdc dinh cdc nhan td' dnh hffdng
de'n viec da dang hda thu nhap cua ndng hd, bai
vie't sff dung md hinh kinh td' Iffdng thdng qua md
hinh hdi quy Binary Logistic.
Khdi niem mo hinh Binary Logistic: Cac bid'n
phu thudc va ddc lap dffde sff dung theo md
hinh sau;
Y~f(GT, Tuoi, S-Tuoi, TDHV, TDHVtb,
TnPTTH, Daotao, DTdatnnBQ,

Thanhvien, SoNgPT, MatdoDS,
TLthgiaPNN, Khoangcach)
Trong dd:
- Bien phif thuoc: Y la bid'n dummy, chi tinh
trang da dang hda trong thu nhap cua ndng hd,
nhdn gid tri 0 hoac I (nhan gia tri 0 nd'u ndng hd
chi cd thu nhap tff ndng nghiep va nhdn gid tri I
nd'u ndng hd cd thu nhap ngoai ndng nghiep).
- Cdc bien doc lap:
Bang 1. Tong hcfp d d u ky v o n g c a c bien
Nhom/
len bien

Dauky
vpng

Nhdm/
Iwiblen

Daiiky
vpng

GT

+

DTdatnnBQ

+

_

Tuoi, S-Tuoi

Thanhvien

+

TDVH

+

SoNgPT

+

TDVHtb

+

MatdoDS

+

TnPTTH

+

TLthgiaPNN

+

Daotao

+

1 Khoangcach

4. Pham vi va dfl li^u nghien ciJu
Pham vi nghiSn cilu; 13 tinh, thanh pho thuoc
khu yiic DBSCL.
DB lieu nghien ciJu: Lafy tir cupc Khao sit miJc
song dan ciT (VHLSS) njm 2010 ciia Tong cue
Thong Ice vdi tdng sd mlu quan sat dif kie'n la 851.
Dieu kien de lira ehpn mlu la cdc chu hp lam
nghe nong nghiep d cac nganh trong trot, lam
nghiep va nuoi trong thuy san. Sau khi trich xuat
\ a tinh loan bing phan mem Stata. sd quan sat diT
kien la'y tiT 13 tinh, thanh phd dirctc the hien theo
Bdng 2.


KINH IE

Dang 2. Thiet ke m a u c u a VHLSS n a m 2018

Tinh

So quan sat
di/kien

Phan tram tren
tdng so quan sat (%)

Long An

62

7.29

Ti^n Giang

89

10.46

Ben Tre

60

7.06

Tra Vinh

67

7 87

Vinh Long

42

4.94

Dong Thap

71

834

An Giang

79

9.28

Kien Giang

75

8 81

Can Thd

47

5.52

HSu Giang

66

7 76

Soc Trang

60

7.06

Bac Lieu

67

6.70

76

8.93

851

100

CaMau
Tong

5. Y nghia va h^n chd'cua nghidn
cl^u
5.1. Y nghia

Nghidn cffu cho cdi nhin tong quan
ve tinh trang da dang hda thu nhdp tai
viing dong bang sdng Cffu Long va
cde nhan td'tdc dpng. Tic do, tidn hanh
di sau phan tich va nghidn cffu cdc
nhan to' nao da tac ddng de'n tinh trang
da dang hda thu nhap tai vung
DBSCL, nham gdp phan dffa ra cdc
giai phdp giiip chinh quyen cac cap cd
cdc bidn phdp thich hdp d^ ho trd thffe
hien edng tdc xda ddi giam ngheo.
5.2. Han che
Sff dung lai bd dff lieu VHLSS
nam 2018 nen chi/a phan dnh ehinh
xac tinh trang da dang hda thu nhdp
hidn tai eiia ndng hd tai khu vffc
DBSCL. Dong thdi, mot sd' bie'n phi
kinh te' cdn it dffde de cap trong
nghien cffu nay •

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, and Nong Zhu. (2005). The Role of Non-farm Incomes in Reducing Rural
Poverty and Inequality in China. Working Thesis Series No. 1001 from Department of Agricultural & Resource
Economics, The University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from hitps://escholarship.org/uc/itenu7ls2z766.
2. Chayanov, A.V (1920). Theory ofpeasant household in Russian.
3. Bamum, Howard N. and Lyn Squire. (1979). An Econometric Application of the Theory of the Farm Household. Journal of Development Economics, 6,79-102.
4. Barrett, C, Bezuneh, M. & Abdillahi, A. (2001). Income diversification, poverty traps and policy shocks in Cote
dTvoire and Kenya, foorf Po/iO'. 26(4), 367-384.
5. Barrett, C, Reardon, T. & Webb, P. (2001b). Non-farm income diversification and household livelihood
strategies in rural Africa: Concepts, issues, and policy implicadons. Food Policy. 26(4), 315-331.

6. Dercon, S. (1996). Risk, Crop Choice, and Savings: Evidence from Tanzania. Economic Development and
Cultural Change. 44,485-513.
8. Ellis, F. (1998). Household strategies and rural livelihood diversification. Journal of Development Studies, 35( I),
1-38.
9. Ellis, F. (2000). Rural Livelihood and Diversity n Development Countries. UK' Oxford University Press.
10. FAO. (1998). The state of Food and Agriculture. Rome: FAO.
11. Kinsey, Bill, Kees Burger, and Jan Willem Gunning. (1998). Coping with Drought in Zimbabwe: Survey
Evidence on Responses of Rural Households to Risk. World Development. 26.89-110.

So 16-Thang 7/2020 57


TAP GHJ CONG THtflfNG

12. Micevska, M., & Rahut, D.B. (2008). Rural Non-farm Employment and Incomes in ihe Himala.
Development and Cultural Change, 57(1), 163-193.

-.conomic

13. Magurran, A.E. (1998). Ecological diversity and its measurement. Priceton, NJ, USA: Pnnceioa University
Press.
14. T.Q. Trung and N.T. Tung (2008). Effects of Trade Liberalization on Non-farm Household Eterprises in
VietNam. Working Thesis No. 2008/32 from Development & Policies Research Center, download at
http.V/depocenwp. org/modules/download/index php ?id=50
15. Tong cue Thd'ng kg (2012). Dien lich, ddn sovd mat do ddn so'nam 20J1 phan theo dia phUOng.
16. T^ng cue Thd'ng ke (2010). Ke't qua khdo sat mffc sd'ng hp gia dinh nam 2010. Co the dowload tai:
www.gso.gov.vn/Modules/Doc_Download.aspx? DoclD=15084
17. ThtJi bao Kinh t&' ViSt Nam (2004). Chuyfe'n dich cO cau kinh te d viing dong bang song Cffu Long. Cd thi
downtoadtau />18. Vien Nghien cffu phdt trien du lich (2011). "De an phat trien du lich Dong bang sdng Cffu Long de'n n3m
2020". C6 the download tai: hctp://www.itdr.org.vn/details_daqh-x-65.vdl

Ngay nh0n bai: 8/6/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va sd"a chi?a: 18/6/2020
Ngay chap nhSn dSng bai: 28/6/2020
Thong tin tdc gid:
LECdNGTAM
TriTcfng Dai hpc M& Thanh phd'H6 Chi Minh

INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AND THE ROLE
OF NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF FARMING
HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN THE MEKONG DELTA
• LE CONG TAM
Ho Chi Minh City Open University
ABSTRACT:
This paper reviews the entu-e theory of meome diversification and the role of non-agricultural
activities of farming households hving in the Mekong Delta. Based on the theoretical basis this
paper proposes a suitable research model for this topic and this research model is a prerequisite for
conducting in-depth analyses in order to find out the factors affecting the income diversification of
people living in the Mekong Delta.
Keywords: Income, non-agriculture, farming households, Mekong Delta

58

So 16-Thdng 7/2020