Phát triển xã hội thông minh điển cứu thành phố eindhoven của hà lan

.Nhinrajhe^

PHAT T R I £ N X A H O I THONG MINH:
DIEN Ctru THANH PHO EINDHOVEN CUA HA LAN

TS. NGUYEN VIET LONG<*>

Tom tat: Ky nguyen 4.0 v&i su bung cua nd cdng nghe dang m& ra xu the phdt trien kinh
te xa hpi sd, do thi thdng minh. Tuy nhien, thdch thiec l&n ddi v&i cdc dia phuong la viec huy
dpng duac ngudn luc, chpn lua vd ddu tu cdng nghe m&i hieu qud, tgo ra dpng luc phdt trien
kinh te - xa hdi. Thdnh phd Eindhoven cua Hd Lan dd dua ra nhitng chien lupc rdt thdnh cdng
cho vdn de ndy, tieu bieu la chuong trinh "xd hpi thdng minh " (Smart Society). Mac du cd tiem
luc l&n ve kinh te, Thdnh phd Eindhoven vdn tap trung day mgnh hpp tdc cdc ben vd ddi m&i
sdng tgo dephdt huy dupe ngudn luc todn xd hpi; ddng th&i, khdng ung dung cdng nghe mpt
each trdn lan, md tgo ra cdc khu vuc thi diem thuc te (living lab), dephdt trien y tudng sdt v&i
nhu cau tM tru&ng trudc khi nhdn rpng neu khd tM. Bdi viit nghien cuu, tdng hpp nhitng net
dgc sdc trong chien luac xd hpi thdng minh cua Thdnh pho Eindhoven, tie dd nit ra nhihig bdi
hpc kinh nghiem cd the tiep bien cho cdc tinh, thdnh d Viet Nam hien nay.
Tu khoa: Thdnh phd Eindhoven; xd hpi thdng minh; ddi m&i sdng tgo

I

Dan nhap
Thanh phd Emdhoven la trung tam ciia
•vimg Brainport Eindhoven (hay cdn
ggi la Brainport) - viing cdng nghiep cdng nghe
cao hang dau chau Au, thudc tinh North Brabant,
Ha Lan. Khu vuc nay vao thap nien 90 cua the ky
XX da gap cudc khimg hoang tram trpng, budc
Thanh phd Eindhoven va 20 dia phucmg lan can
lien ket tien hanh dot pha md hhih phat trien, binh

tiianh vimg Brainport nam 2004. Tir dd den nay.

'''Pho Tong giam doc Tong Cong ty Becamex, Binh Duong

Brainport ludn dupe xem la true phat triin kinh ti
ni thiic va cdng nghe cao din dau chau Au, hien
chiem den 40% tdng thu hiit diu tu nghien cim
phat trien cua Ha Lan. Vdi tdng dan sd hon 753
nghin ngudi, Bramport ludn ed chiin luge phat
trien kinh te - xa hdi chimg, ddng thdi mdi dia
phuang ciing cd nhiing ki hoach phat triin riang,
Uong dd, Thanh phd Eindhoven ludn la diu tau
Budc sang ky nguyen 4.0, khi su bimg no
ciia khoa hgc va cdng ngh? dang thay ddi manh
me each thiic con ngudi sdng, lam viec tuon
tac vdi nhau, chinh quyen thanh phd Eindhov
nhan dinh can tiip tuc dot pha de nim bit co h"'
Khoa hpc chinh tn - So

3/P020


• Nhin ra the gidi
thdi dai. Tren thuc ti, di gianh lay uu thg, nhieu
dia phuong da diy manh viec mua va ung dung
cdng nghe mdi, nham thiic day phat trien do ihi
thdng minh, kinh ti sd... Tuy nhien, viec tap trung
dan thuan vao cdng nghe cd the din den viec dau
tu thieu hieu qua, dan trai, tham chi that bai. Ddi
Idii viec dau tu, duy tri bao dudng cdng nghe cdn

tdn kem hon lgi ich ma nd mang lai, dac biet la khi
dia phuang img dung nhiing cdng nghe xa rdi vdi
nhu can thuc tien, hay khi dia phuong cdn chua
chuan bi du ve nhan luc, tai lire, ket cau ha tang ky thuat nen tang, chua huy ddng dugc ngudn lire
can tiiiit... Vi vay, mac dii cd tiem luc Idn ve kinh
te, Thanh phd Eindhoven van dua ra chien luge
rit ky ludng trong dau tu cdng nghe. Thanh phd
Eindhoven da de ra de an "xa hdi thdng minh",
phat huy triet ly phat trien eua Brainport, trong dd:
(1) tap tnmg trudc het vao viec xay dung gan ket
cdng ddng, de huy ddng ngudn luc tir nha nudc,
nha trudng, nha doanh nghiep va ngudi dan; (2)
chil trgng xay dung nhiing cdng nghe va ket can
ba ting nin tang, ciing nhu chinh sach de cac ben
cd dieu kien phat trien y tudng mdi, tao ddng luc
ddi mdi sang tao cho cdng ddng; (3) de cao tinh
thuc tien trong nghien ciru, phat trien khoa hpc va
cdng nghe, tao ra cac khu thi diem thuc te (hving
lab) cho cac y tudng, md hinh mdi va nhan rdng
neu kha thi.
Bai viet tap trung phan tich chien lupc "xa hdi
thdng minh" ciia thanh phd Eindhoven, trong bdi
canh vimg Brainport.
2. Lidi sir hinh fiianh vimg Brainport Eindhoven
Vao cudi tiie ky XIX, Tap doan Phihps
Electronics da khdi nghiep va Idn manh nhanh
chdng tao tien de ra ddi mgt thanh phd mdi
la "Eindhoven" vao nam 1920. Thanh phd
Eindhoven va khu vuc lan can timg budc trd
tiianh diem sang cho cac nganh cdng nghiep. Theo

thdi gian, ngoai cac doanh nghiep san xuat chinh,
nhu Phihps, DAF - tap doan san xuit d td Idn nhit
Ha Lan, Vlisco - tap doan det may..., he sinh
thai cdng nghiep Idn nhit d Ha Lan da dugc hinh
thanh, trong do bao gdm hang tram cdng ty nhd,
ddng vai trd la nha cung cap cho cac tap doan Idn.
Dac biet, cd nhirng giai doan, Phihps Electromcs

' So 3/2020

da phat trien thanh mdt trong nhiing doanh nghiep
dinh hudng cdng nghe quan trpng nhat toan cau,
ddng gdp vao su tang trudng khdng ngiing ciia
Thanh phd Emdhoven va vimg lan can.
Tuy nhien, dau thap nien 90, khu vuc Thanh
phd Eindhoven va cac viing lan can da trai qua
mdt cupc khung hoang toan dien. DAF phai
ddng cira vao nam 1992 va Tap doan Philips phai
tien hanh mpt cudc tai co cau doanh nghiep chua
timg cd, sa thai 50 nghin nhan vien tren toan cau.
Van de ciia cac doanh nghiep hang diu da anh
hudng Idn den Thanh phd Eindhoven va cac
vimg lan can, tham chi lam ngimg boat ddng cua
hang tram doanh nghiep cung iing, hang nghin
ngudi that nghiep...
Trong bdi canh dd, Thanh phd Eindhoven va
20 dia phuang lan can da quyet dinh ddi mdi toan
dien. Thanh phd Eindhoven va cac dia phuong lan
can da lien ket lai, iing dung md hinh "Ba Nha"
- thiic day nha nudc, nha doanh nghiep va nha

trudng hgp tac chat che vdi nhau, ciing chung siic
thyc hien cac chuong trinh dot pha kinh te - xa hdi.
Khdng cd cang hang khdng (airport) nhu Thanh
phd Amsterdam, khdng cd cang bien (seaport)
nhu Thanh phd Rotterdam, Thanh phd Eindhoven
quyet dinh dinh vi khu vuc la cang nao (brainport)
- noi thu hilt ngudn nhan luc chat lugng cao, phat
triin kinh ti tri thiic, he smh thai ddi mdi sang tao.
Cudi nam 2004, vung Brainport chinh thiie ra ddi,
tnmg tam la Thanh phd Eindhoven vdi su ddng
gdp cua 20 dia phuong lan can. Vimg Brainport
da tao ra dgng lire phat trien mdi, hinh thanh cac
chuong trinh chien lupc chung quy md, ddng bd
cho toan viing.
Nam 2011, khu vuc Eindhoven da dat danh
hieu cdng ddng thdng minh tieu bieu ciia the
gidi, do Diln dan Cdng ddng Thdng minh The
gidi (ICF) bmh chpn'^'. Su thinh vugng va sdi
ddng CLia Thanh phd Eindhoven da dugc Tap chi
Fortune danh gia "Thung liing Silicon tiep theo rat
cd thi la Eindhoven". Nam 2014, tiep ndi triet ly
phat tiiin thanh cdng va nham dap iing nhu can
mdi ti-ong tiidi dai 4.0, Thanh pho Eindhoven da
quyit djnh tiiin khai di an "xa hdi thdng mmh",
phat triin cdng nghe sd va ddi mdi sang tao.


^J^MnrajheSi^L
3. Triet ly phat triin "xa hoi thdng minh"
ciia thanh pho Eindhoven

- Xd hpi thong minh trong cdch nhin cua
Thdnh pho Eindhoven
Chinh quyen thanh phd Eindhoven xac dinh:
xay dung xa hdi tiidng minh tiic la hudng tdi xa
hdi nang ddng, sdi ndi, ddi mdi sang tao, khdng
chi ling dimg, ma cdn tich cue tiiam gia vao viec
tao ra cdng ngiie, lien tuc thii nghiem y tudng mdi
vao thuc te. Trong bdi canh phat trien thinh vugng
chung cua vimg Brainport, Thanh phd Eindhoven
danh rat nhieu ngudn luc vao cac cdng ty cdng
nghe cao va cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep ddi mdi
sang tao (start-up). Thanh phd Eindhoven khuyen
khich ngudi dan, cac cdng ty dua ra nhimg giai
phap thdng minh cho cac van de trong cudc sdng
hang ngay va van de Idn ma xa hdi dang phai ddi
mat. Thanh phd da danh mpt sd khu vuc lam khu
thi diem thirc te cho cac y tudng mdi, dac biet la
nhiing thir nghiem ve do thi thdng minh, cdng nghe
cam bien va chieu sang. Hau het cac du an thir
nghiem dupe thuc liien d Thanh phd Eindhoven
deu cd y nghTa quan ti-gng ddi vdi qua Uinh ddi
mdi hoac tdi uu hda cdng nghe, bao gdm ca thir
nghiem phan ciing cdng nghe cao, ddng thdi tranh
lang phi diu tu cdng nghe khdng phii hgp. Nhiing
thir nghiem nay neu kha thi se dugc chinh quyen
tao dieu kien de nhanh chdng phat trien thanh cac
du an cu the, mang lai lgi ich kinh ti to Idn. Nhu
vay, nhimg giai phap dua ra khdng bi chinh quyen
ap dat tir tren xudng ma chinh tir qua trinh ddng
sang tao cua ngudi dan va cac td chirc, doanh

nghiep, vi vay thudng sat vdi nhu cau thuc tiin.
Tren thuc te, day dang la xu the phat tnen
chung. Ngay cang cd nhieu thanh phd tiep can
theo hudng ap dung cac nguyen tic md va ddi
mdi sang tao de giai quyet nhiing thach thiic hien
nay. Tai thiet ke thanh phd cho ky nguyen sd ddng
nghTa vdi viec tai thiet ke xa hdi, thu hiit su tham
gia cua ngudi dan va cac ben hen quan khac vao
boat ddng ddi mdi sang tao, chii ddng tim kiem
mdi lien ket mdi giiia cac nganh va cac ben. Nhu
vay, viec tai tbiet ke phai dua tren nguyen tac ddng
sang tao, vugt xa pham vi cac giai phap ky thuat
thuan niy.

Ben canh do, kha nang chdng chiu ya phuc hoi
la yiu td quan trgng trong triit ly phat trien yiJ^S/^j^
tiidi cdng nghiep 4.0. Thay vi tin rĐng cd t^^.^đ ®
va kiim soat mgi thii, dia phuang phai ch^, W^
nhimg biin ddng vatiiayddi khdng ngimg- Dieu nay
khdng chi anh hudng din cac giai phap va he tiiong
(mdi) dugc tiiiit ki, ma cdn anh hudng d&i chmh
ngudi dan tiianh phd. Ngudi dan thanh phd^tirong
lai phai sin sang ddi phd vdi nhung sir kien bat ngd,
dot pha. Ngudi dan phaitiiaydoi nhintiiiicva hanh
vi di thich nghi va chii Ugng phat tiiin bantiianhan
nira. Thachfliiiceuatiianhphd chinh la tao ra ca hdi
va khdng gian cho ngudi dantiiamgia nhiettinhvao
cdng cupc phat triin tiianh phd. Di tiiuc hien dieu
nay, tiianh phd phai xay dung cac he tiidng tiidng
minh, tao diiu kien cho hoat ddng ddi mdi va ddng

sang tao, lay con ngudi lam tmng tam.
Tii nhiing Uiit ly tten, Thanh phd Eindhoven
khdng dua ra mdt phac hga qua cu the ve "xa hdi
thdng minh". Trong mgi trudng hgp, "xahpi thong
minh" khdng phai la mdt buc ttanh tiiih. Dd la qua
trinh van ddng gdm nhieu budc, hudng den muc
tieu phat trien chat lugng cudc sdng ngay cang
tdt ban, tang cudng kha nang chdng chiu va phuc
hdi cua Thanh phd, hai hda cac muc tieu thinh
vugng kinh te vdi gan ket xa hdi va chat lugng
cudc sdng, tan dung mpi kha nang ma cdng nghe
tao ra. Thanh phd chu trpng viec iing pho nhanh
chdng hon vdi cac thach thiic mdi, tao ra mdt xa
hgi thich nghi tdt.
- Huy dpng nguon Igc tie cdc ben lien quan vd
ngu&i ddn: yeu to quyet dinh
Ddi vdi "xa hgi thdng minh" ciia Thanh pho
Eindhoven, cac yiu td v i ddng sang tao, sir tham
gia ciia ngudi dan va cac ben lien quan ddng vai
trd nen tang tien quyet. Thanli phd Eindhoven ludn
dat su ttrcmg tac vdi cac cdng ddng la ttgng tam
ttong cdng tac hoach dinh chinh sach dia phuang.
Mdt xa hdi thdng minh chi cd the duy tti su bin
virng va doi mdi sang tao khi cd sy tham gia cua
khdi doanh nghiep, nha nghien ciiu, chinh phu va
cu dan ttong toan bd qua ttinh. Vi vay, Thanh nhd
Emdhoven tiep tuc phat huy va triin khai manh
me md hinh xuyen sudt cac chien luge cua W
Brainport la md tunh "Ba Nha", nhim d|y ma i,
Khoa hoc chfnh tri - So 3/?02o

93

'Nhin ra thegi&i
hgp tac giiia nha nudc, nha doanh nghiep va nha
trudng - vien. Tu do, cac ben cd the chia se tam
nhin, kien thiic, ngudn lyc va niem tin de cimg
chung sire xay dyng xa hpi - kinh te tri thirc. Md
hinh "Ba Nha" da dugc phat trien manh me ttong
gidi ban lam tu thap nien 90 ciia the ky XX va
nhanh chdng dugc img dung rdng rai tten khap
the gidi. Rieng ttong chuang trinh "xa hdi thdng
minh", thanh phd Emdhoven cdn dac biet chii
frpng, bd sung them vai fro ngudi dan (la ngudi sir
dung cudi cimg va ciing la ngudi tham gia manh
me vao qua trinh sang tao, san xuat), tao nen
phuang phap tiep can "Bdn Nha", dac biet ttong
viec tiii diim cac cdng nghe va md lunh mdi vao
thuc te:
+ Cu dan va cac ben hen quan khac the hien
nhu cau, dieu gi can thay ddi de cai thien chit
lugng sdng. Cac ben thu thap, ddng gdp y kiin
thdng qua cac cudc khao sat, hgi thao va trang
web tai dia phuang. Cac td chiic nghien ciiu hd
ttg xac dinh cac van de, nhu cau.
+ Cac td chiic nghien ciiu va doanh nghiep cimg
chia se kien thiic de xay dung giai phap cdng nghe
cd the dap iing cae nhu cau cu the ttong cac khu
dan cu. Cac cdng ty trien khai cac de an kinh doanh.

Thanh phd cd nhiem vu bao ve lgi ich cdng cdng.
+ Sau dd, cac giai phap dugc thir nghiem ttong
mdi tmdng khu thi diem thuc te. Cac nha nghien
ciru tiieo doi kit qua, ttong khi ngudi dan ddng
gdp y kien va phan hdi. Cac cdng ty sir dung dii
lieu dau vao de hoan thien giai phap, thii nghiem
lai sau mdt lugt thu thap phan hdi cua ngudi dan.
+ Cudi cimg, tien hanh nghien ciiu dgc lap
chiing mmh tinh kha thi cua giai phap. Neu giai
phap kha thi, cdng ty cd quyen tiep thi san pham d
bat ky dSu. Thanh phd ciing cd the lua chpn trien
khai giai phap nay d cac nai khac.
4. Chuvng trinh hanh d^ng phat trien "sa
hoi thdng minh*' cua Thanh pho Eindhoven
Chien luge "xa hdi thdng minh" ciia Thanh
phd Eindhoven dugc trien khai tir nam 2014, tap
trung vao viec tao dieu kien cho viec phat trien
kinh te ddi mdi sang tao - xa hdi sd, bang each
ket ndi nhung hieu biit chuyen mdn vdi sy phat
trien chung, ding nhu diy manh xay dyng cac

• So 3/2020

dieu kien va dieu khoan khung, dac biet la ttong
ITnh vyc dir heu, cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen
thdng. Chuang trinh cd vai ttd ddng gdp rat Idn
cho cac muc tieu xa hdi va xac dinh vi the la cdt
mdc danh dau budc phat trien tiep theo cua Thanh
phd Eindhoven.
- Chuong trinh hdnh dgng eg the

Chuang trinh hanh dgng ciia chien luge "xa
hdi thdng minh" bao gdm nhieu hgp phan cho cac
hang muc, can bang giiia phat trien va img dung
cdng nghe nen tang hien dai, dinh hudng chien
luge de xay dyng cgng ddng ddi mdi sang tao, dac
biet chii frgng tang tmdng ben vung:
Mpt Id, da lieu
Cac ludng dii heu dang cd vai frd ngay c^ng
quan ttpng, dem lai nhiing co hdi Idn, nhung ciing
dat ra nhieu thach tiiiic Idn cho xa hdi ndi chung va
dd thi ndi rieng. Trong pham vi chuong trinh "xa
hdi tiidng minh", Thanh phd Eindhoven tdng hop
toan bd boat dgng ciia tiianh phd ttong Ohh vuc
dir lieu, dii lieu md (open data) va dii heu Idn (Big
data). Dii heu anh hudng d&i nliieu khia canh, dugc
vi nhu ngudn nhien heu ciia "xa hdi thdng minh".
Sau khi dugc thu thap, dir heu se dugc sir dung de
phan tich, dua ra hanh dgng tten ca sd cac tiiuat
toan thyc te, giiip cho hanh dpng cua cac td chiic
va cua chinh ngudi dan ngay cang minh bach ban.
Ddng thdi, dir heu ciing dat ra cac van de ve
chuan myc va dao dire: quyen rieng tu, ngudi nao
Idem soat dii lieu va kiem soat dii lieu nao, dii heu
nhu mpt phan md rdng danh tinh ciia ca nhan. Cac
ludng quan diem rat khac nhau, nhung lai cd mdi
quan he dan xen manh me. Thanh phd tii nhan thay
vai ttd ciia minh la dai dien cho lpi ich cpng ddng
ttong the gidi sd. Muc tieu ciia hgp phan nay dya
tten cac quan diem khac nhau ve dii lieu, nham bao
dam ring khdng chi tiiu tiiap that nhieu dii lieu

cho chinh quyin tiianh phd, ma ngudi dan phai
cd kha nang tiip can cac dii lieu va tang cudng
cdng viec dua tten dir lieu tir td chiic chinh quyen
thanh phd.
Hai Id, kit ndi ket cdu hg tdng nin tdng
Kit noi la nin tang ky tiiuat cua "xa hdi thdng
mmh". Diiu nay ap dung cho ca ket can ha ting
cdng nghe thdng tin va tiiiyen thdng. Thanh phd


94
Eindhoven day manh phat trien ket cau ha ting
cdng nghe thdng tin va tmyin thdng chat lugng cao
ttong thanh phd va khu vyc. Thyc te, cac mang cd
dinh va di ddng (cap quang, mang 4G/5G, WiFi,
LoRa..,) la yeu td dinh vi quan frgng va la ddng
luc cho ddi mdi sang tao ttong linh vuc kinh te, xa
hdi. Thanh phd Eindhoven ciing thiic day sy san
cd cua cac nen tang md, de dang tmy cap va chuan
hda cho cac img dung intemet ddi mdi, dat nen
tang cho viec khai tiiac tdi uu cac kha nang va ca
hdi ma Intemet van vat (loT) mang lai.
Ba Id, phdt triin cpng dong vd hi sinh thdi
Muc dich cua hgp phin nay nham tao dieu
kien cho cdng ddng Eindhoven tich eye tham
gia, ddng gdp vao cac giai phap hen quan den cac
van de xa hdi, iing dung cdng nghe thdng tin va
tmyen thdng, dir lieu va tu duy thiet ke, phii hpp
vdi nhiem vu chuyen ddi sang xa hdi thdng minh
da dugc de cap ttong thda thuan lien minh. Hgp

phan ciing nham muc dich tang cudng he sinh thai
ddi mdi sang tao cua Thanh phd Eindhoven, thdng
qua viec khuyen kliich, thu hiit cac ben tham gia
va phat huy siic manh ciia Thanh phd Eindhoven
ttong Imh vyc nay. Chang ban, khuyen khich sir
tham gia ciia sinh vien, nhiing ngudi khdi nghiep
(cdng nghe), cac cdng ty ddi mdi sang tao va cac
trudng, vien. Ddng thdi, thanh phd Eindhoven cdn
dau tu vao viec tang cudng siic manh ddi mdi cua
td chiic chinh quyin tiianh phd bang each tich eye
tham gia vdi tu each la ddi tac frong he sinh thai
xa hgi thdng minh.
Bdn Id, khu thi diim thuc ti
Nham tao dieu kien cho boat ddng ddi mdi
sang tao, thanh phd Eindhoven tuyen bd da san
sang ttd tiianh khu thi diem thuc te. Khu thi diem
thuc te da dugc chiing minh la cdng cu hiru ich
ttong "xa hgi thdng minh" de thir nghiem cac Idiai
niem, phuang phap va iing dung ddi mdi frong
nhiing ITnh vyc cu the can cd sy tuong tac chat che
vdi ngudi dimg. Day la diem diing chan ly tudng
cho boat ddng nghien cuu, phat trien va hgp tac giira
chinh phu, cac trudng, vien, doanh nghiep va ngudi
dan, Ben canh dd, khu thi diem ciing giiip thanh
phd thir nghiem trudc mdt each chuyen nghiep cac
cdng nghe mdi trong ddi sdng thyc, kiem tra tinh

kha tiii trudc khi quyit dinh tiiin khai d ^"^
Idn, vira giam riii ro, vira tang tinh phu hgp
^•

qua ciia cdng nghe. Thanh phd Eindhoven h u o ^
din muc tieu phat tiiin ban niia kiin tiiuc va Ky
nang dugc xay dyng ttong cac khu tiii diem thyc
ti, blng each chuyen nghiep hda eachtiepcan khu
tiii diim tiiuc ti, phat huy sire manh tdng hop tiiong
qua viec kit ndi, tao diiu kien cho cac phong tin
nghiem hien tai va mdi tiianh lap hgp tac voi cac
ddi tac ttong thanh phd.
- Khu thi diim thyc ti: dtphong thi nghiem
din thtjcc tiin
Thanh pho Eindhoven xay dung nhieu khu thi
diim tiiyc ti, ttiin khai tten nen tang hgp tac"Bdn
Nha" di phat ttiin ddi mdi sang tao. Mdt sd vi du
tieu bieu:
Trong hanh trinh xay dyng tiianh phd frong
lanh ban, thanh pho Emdhoven da va dang xay
dung cac cdng cu di hieu ro anh hudng cua chat
lugng khdng khi. AiREAS la mdt lien doanh hgp
tac dugc thanh lap vdi sy tham gia ciia ngudi dan,
doanh nghiep, chinh quyin tiianh phd va mdt sd
tiirdng dai hgc. Theo dd, mdt he tiidng do ludng
(chat lupng khdng khi) cdng cdng theo thdi gian
thuc dugc dua vao thii nghiem, van hanh tung
budc tir nam 2013. Ngudi dan cd the theo ddi chat
lugng khdng khi ttong khu vyc minh sinh sdng tii
thiet bi di ddng. Hp ciing dugc khuyen khich tham
gia vao ca viec do ludng va danh gia each tdt nhat
de phan iing vdi nhimg thdng tin ma he thdng nay
dem lai.
Khu dan cu Eckart - Vaartbroek dang dugc

chuyen ddi thanh mdi trudng sdng ben virng.
Thdng qua viec ket hgp cac khoan diu tu tir
chinh quyin thanh phd cho din cac hiep hpi nha
d, mdt hinh thai hiiu ca khu dan cu mdi dugc
tao ra, vdi ttgng tam dap img nhu cau ciia timg
cu dan. Woon Connect la cdng cu sd hda ddi
mdi, duge sir dung de cai tao nha cira tiiy theo
sd thich ca nhan. Nhirng ngdi nha nai day duac
so hda dua tten cac yeu td xay dyng, kit hop vdi
nin tang cho phep thu thap thdng tin vi ngdi nha
va mdi ttrrdng sdng xung quanh. Hien da cd han
4.500 ngdi nha dugc sd hda hoan toan d khn AR
cu Eckart - Vaartbroek.
ira, cac ung dyng
Khoa hpc chmh trj - So 3/202n


• Nhin ra the gi&i
chi6u sang thdng minh ciing dang dugc phat trien
xung quanh mdt hd nudc d Eckart - Vaartbroek.
Thanh pho Eindhoven dang nd lyc dua
Sti:atumsemd - khu giai tri nhdn nhip bac nhat thanh
phd trd thanh noi trai nghiem an toan ban nhung
ciing thii vi hon. De-escalate - khu thi diem thyc
ti ttong khu giai tri dat muc tieu cudi ciing la cd
tiii ngan chan nhung cudc tranh cai, hudng din
dam ddng din noi an toan khi can thiet, nhung van
khuyen khich ngudi dan tan hudng cudc sdng ve
dem. Hdi ddng tiianh phd dieu hanh khu thi diem
thuc te nay vdi sy tham gia cua cac trudng dai hpc,

vien nghien cuu, doanh nghiep d|a phuang va cac
CO quan ban nganh. Cac ben phdi hpp trien khai
hang loat thiit bi cam bien va he thing bao mat. Cac
ben giam sat de phuc vu nhiing hoat ddng ciia ngudi
dan tren dudng phd (thdng qua dieu tiet anh sang),
ddngtiidivin tdn trgng quyenriengtu ca nhan.

dii heu, ket ndi cdng ddng, ket ndi "Ba Nha" (nha
nudc, nha doanh nghiep, nha tmdng) va ngudi
dan, dac biet la ttong trien khai cac khu thi diem
thyc te cdng nghe mdi, nham giam rui ro, dap img
dugc nhu cau thyc tien. Thanh phd Eindhoven da
gat hai nhirng thanh cdng vupt bac, tu vupt qua
khimg hoang den birt pha, rdi vuon len timtinegidi
ve sy thinh vugng va ben viing, hien dimg thii ba
chau Au ve tieu chi thanh phd ciia tuong lai (theo
FDI intelhgence). Thanh phd dupe xem la mdt vi
du dien hinh ve each tiep can hudng den xa hpi
thdng minh, Idnh ti sd, ddi mdi sang tao thdi ky
cdng nghiep 4.0, vdi nhieu kinh nghiem ma cac
tinh, thanh Viet Nam cd the nghien ciru,tiepbienQ

Smart Strijp-S sd hiiu kit clu ha ting (cac mang
ket ndi), bao gdm mang true, nen tang dam may/
dii heu va khdng gian vat ly. Thdng qua viec khai
thac cac yeu td da tdn tai va lgi the la khu thi diem
thyc te, Smart Strijp-S cd the cho ra ddi, cung cap,
phat trien cac dich vu thdng minh va tich hpp cac
Imh vuc khac nhau de ttd tiianh mdt khu vuc ddc
dao. Neu thanh cdng, khu phd Strijp-S dat tham

vpng se gidi thieu va md rdng y tudng ra cdng
ddng qudc te. Ngoai ra, chuong trinh cdn cung cap
cac diiu kien phu hgp nhim thu hut va khuyen
khich cac doanh nhan sang tao phat tnen cac iing
dung ddi mdi ve bao dam an toan, di chuyen, nang
lugng, giai tri.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Winden W. Van, Den Berg L. Van, Carvalho L. Tuij 1E.
Van (2011), Manufacturing in the new urban economy.

S.KitluSn
Phat trien "xa hdi thdng minh" ttong bdi
canh vimg nghien ciiu san ximt cdng nghe cao
thinh vupng nhat Ha Lan (Brainport), thanh phd
Eindhoven da sdm tiep can va ddn diu sy bimg
nd cdng nghe ciia 1^ nguyen 4.0. Thanh phd
Eindhoven tiien khai de an "xa hdi thdng minh",
nhung khdng vdi va chu ttpng den dau tu cdng
nghe mdi, ma dat ttpng tam vao phat trien ban chat
la cdng ddng sang tao, sdi dpng, ttong do ngudi
dan ddng vai frd trung tam, ca ve ddng gdp xay
dung lln thu hudng. De an tap trung vao kit ndi de
phat ttien: ket ndi hen viing, kit noi ca sd ha ting -

So 3/2020

2. Nguyen Viet Long, "Xdy dung thdnh pho thdng
minh Binh Duang: tie mo hinh quoc te den tdm nhin
dot phd". Tap chi Khoa hoc Chinh tri, si 01/2018

3. Nguyen Viet Long (2019), 'T/ie groundbreaking
strategic socio-economic development — smart city
planning: a case study of Binh Duong'', Journal of Architecture and Planning, 19 (2), pp. 103-114. Taiwan
4. Metze,M.(1995), Let's make things better, SunPublishing
5. Etzkowitz H. (2008), The Triple Helix: Umvereify-lndustry-Govemment Innovation In Action, Routledge, London
6. Comissie Sistermans (2006), Brainport Eindhoven
- Brainport navigator 2013: Lissabon voorbij, Eindhoven: Dmkkerij Jeme
7. Nguyln Viet Long, ''Tdm nhin vd bp tieu chi dephdt
trien nen tdng hudng tdi kinh te so : Cdchtiepcdn
cua diin ddn cpng ddng thong minh the gidi". Tap chi
Khoa hoc Chinh tri, si 6/2019
8. ht^://www.euKq>eandataportal.eu/Sa!melin, B (2015)
Open hmovanon 2.0 Creates new Innovation Space, in: Open
Innovation 2 0 Yeartrook 2015
9. Nguyln Viet Long, Nguyln Thi Thu Ha, "Mo hinh
Ba Nhd: chia khoa cho doi mdi sdng tgo, khoa hoc
cong nghe. phdt trien xd hpi & kinh te tri thiec". Tap
chi Khoa hoc Chinli tri, si 1/2020
10. Rob van Gijzel (2014), A smgrt society is an inclusive society, OECD Yearbook 2014
11. ^shvmGi]7£\Q.G\6),AGlyCteatingliieFutwe,l£fivn!,


^jmisdjhisi^
Eindhoven day manh phat trien ket cau ha ting
cdng nghetiidngtm va tmyen thdng chat lupng cao
ttong thanh phd va khu vuc. Thyc te, cac mang cd
dinh va di ddng (cap quang, mang 4G/5G, WiFi,
LoRa...) la yeu td dinh vi quan ttpng va la ddng
lyc cho ddi mdi sang tao ttong ITnh vyc kinh te, xa
hdi. Thanh phd Eindhoven cung thiic day sy san

cd cua cac nen tang md, di dang tmy cap va chuan
hda cho cac iing dung intemet ddi mdi, dat nen
tang cho viec khai thac tdi uu cac kha nang va ca
hpi ma Internet van vat (loT) mang lai.
Ba Id, phdt tiiin cong dong vd he sinh thdi
Myc dich cua hop phan nay nham tao dieu
kien cho cdng ddng Emdhoven tich eye tham
gia, ddng gdp vao cac giai phap Men quan den cac
van de xa hdi, img dyng cdng nghe thdng tin va
truyen tiidng, du lieu va tu duy thiet ke, phii hgp
vdi nhiem vu chuyen ddi sang xa hgi tiidng minh
da duge de cap ttong thda thuan hen minh. Hgp
phan ciing nham muc dich tang cudng he smh thai
ddi mdi sang tao cua Thanh phd Eindhoven, thdng
qua viec khuyen khich, thu hiit cac ben tham gia
va phat huy siic manh cua Thanh phd Eindhoven
ttong Imh vuc nay. Chang han, khuyen khich sy
tham gia cua sinh vien, nhirng ngudi khdi nghiep
(cdng nghe), cac cdng ty ddi mdi sang tao va cac
tmdng, vien. Ddng thdi, thanh phd Eindhoven cdn
dau tu vao viec tang cudng siic manh ddi mdi ciia
td chiic chinh quyin thanh phd bang each tich eye
tham gia vdi tu each la ddi tac frong he sinh thai
xa hdi thdng minh.
Bon Id, khu thi diim thuc ti
Nham tao dieu kien cho boat ddng ddi mdi
sang tao, thanh phd Eindhoven tuyen bd da san
sang ttd thanh khu thi diem thuc te. Khu thi diem
thuc te da dugc chimg minh la cdng cu hiiu ich
ttong "xa hdi thdng minh" de thir nghiem cac khai

niem, phuong phap va img dung ddi mdi ttong
nhiing ITnh vuc cu the can cd su tuong tac chat che
vdi ngudi dung. Day la diem dimg chan ly tudng
cho boat ddng nghien ciiu, phat trien va hpp tac giiia
chinh phu, cac tiudng, vien, doanh nghiep vangudi
dan. Ben canh dd, khu thi diem cung giiip thanh
phdtiiirnghiemtirudcmpt each chuyen nghiep cac
cdng nghe mdi ttong ddi sdng thyc, kiim tra tinh

kha tiii Oirdc khi quyit djnh ttiin kliai d °i^y^^
Idn, vira giam riii ro, viia tang tinh phu hop va ^ •
qua ciia cong nghe. Thanh phd Eindhoven huong
din muc tieu phat ttiin han nua kiintiiiccva ky
nang dugc xay dyng ttong cac khu tiii diem &yc
ti, blng each chuyen nghiep hda eachtiepcan khu
tiii diim tiiyc ti, phat huy siic manh tdng hgp tiidng
qua viec kit noi, tao diiu kien cho cac phdng tin
nghiem hien tai va mdi tiianh lap hgp tac vdi cac
ddi tac ttong thanh phd.
- Khu thi diim thuc ti: tir phong thi nghiem
den thue tien
Thanh phd Eindhoven xay dyng nhieu khu tiii
diem thuc ti, tiiin khai tten nin tang hop tac "Bdn
Nha" di phat triin doi mdi sang tao. Mot so vi du
tiiu bieu:
Trong hanh ttinh xay dung tiianh phd ttong
lanh ban, tiianh phd Emdhoven da va dang xay
dung cac cdng cu de hieu rd anh hudng ciia chat
lugng khdng khi. AiREAS la mpt hen doanh hgp
tac dupe thanh lap vdi su tham gia cua ngudi dan,

doanh nghiep, chinh quyen thanh phd va mdt sd
trudng dai hgc. Theo do, mdt he thdng do ludng
(chat lupng khdng khi) cdng cdng theo thdi gian
thuc dupe dua vao thu nghiem, van hanh timg
budc tu nam 2013. Ngudi dan cd the theo ddi chat
lugng khdng khi ttong khu vyc minh sinh sdng tii
thiet bi di ddng. Hg cung dugc khuyen khich tham
gia vao ca viec do ludng va danh gia each tdt nhat
de phan iing vdi nhiing tiidng tm ma he thdng nay
dem lai.
Khu dan cu Eckart - Vaartbroek dang dugc
chuyen ddi thanh mdi trudng sdng bin virng,
Thdng qua viec ket hpp cac khoan diu tu tir
chinh quyen thanh phd cho den cac hiep hdi nha
d, mdt hinh thai hiiu ca khu dan cu mdi duac
tao ra, vdi ttpng tam dap iing nhu clu cua timg
cu dan. Woon Connect la cdng cu sd hda ddi
mdi, dugc su dung de cai tao nha cira tuy theo
sd thich ca nhan. Nhiing ngdi nha nai day duac
sd hda dua tten cac yeu td xay dung, kit hop vdi
nin tang cho phep tiiu thap thdng tin vi ngdi nha
va mdi trudng sdng xung quanh. Hien da cd hon
4.500 ngdi nha dugc sd hda hoan toan d khu dan
cu Eckart - Vaartbroek. Ngoai ra, cac lins diiTi
Khoa hpc chinh tri • So 3/2020


• Nhin ra thi gi&i

95

chieu sang thdng minh ciing dang dupe phat trien
xung quanh mdt hd nudc d Eckart - Vaartbroek.
Thanh phd Eindhoven dang nd luc dua
Strahimseind - khu giai tii nhdn nhip bac nhat tiianh
phd ttd Ihanh nai trai nghiem an toan hem nhung
ciing thu vi hon. De-escalate - khu thi diem thyc
ti trong khu giai tri dat muc tieu cudi cimg la cd
die ngan chan nhiing cupc tranh cai, hudng din
dam ddng din noi an toan khi can thiet, nhung van
khuyen khich ngudi dan tan hudng cudc sdng ve
dem. Hgi ddng thanh phd ffieu hanh khu thi diem
thue ti nay vdi sy tham gja ciia cac ttudng dai hgc,
vien nghien ciru, doanh nghi?p dia phuong va cac
CO quan ban nganh. Cac ben phdi hgp trien khai
hang loat thiet bi cam bien va hetiidngbao mat. Cac
ben giam sat de phuc vu nhiing boat ddng cua ngudi
dan tten dudng phd (tiidng qua dieu tiit anh sang),
ddng thdi van tdn trpng quyenriengtu ca nhan.

dii heu, ket ndi cdng ddng, ket ndi "Ba Nha" (nha
nudc, nha doanh nghiep, nha tiirdng) va ngudi
dan, dac biet la frong trien khai cac khu thi diem
thuc te cdng nghe mdi, nham giam nii ro, dap img
dupe nhu cau thuc tien. Thanh phd Emdhoven da
gat hai nhiing thanh cdng vugt bac, tir vugt qua
khiing hoang den but pha, rdi vuon len tam the gidi
ve sy thinh vugng va ben viing, luen dimg Ihii ba
chau Au ve tieu chi thanh phd cua tuong lai (theo
FDI intelhgence). Thanh phd dugc xem la mgt vi

du dien hinh ve each tiep can hudng den xa hdi
thdng minh, kinh ti sd, ddi mdi sang tao thdi ky
cdng nghiep 4.0, vdi nhieu kinh nghiem ma cac
tinh,tiianhViet Nam cd tiii nghien ciiu,tiepbienO

Smart Strijp-S sd hiiu kit cau ha ting (cac mang
ket ndi), bao gdm mang true, nen tang dam may/
dir lieu va khdng gian vat ly. Thdng qua viec khai
thac cac yeu td da tdn tai va lpi the la khu thi diem
thuc te. Smart Strijp-S cd the cho ra ddi, cung cap,
phat trien cac dich vy thdng minh va tich hpp cac
Imh vuc khac nhau de ttd thanh mdt khu vyc dgc
dao. Neu thanh cdng, khu phd Stiijp-S dat tham
vgng se gidi thieu va md rdng y tudng ra cdng
ddng qudc te. Ngoai ra, chuang trinh cdn cung cap
cac dieu kien phu hgp nham thu hiit va khuyen
khich cac doanh nhan sang tao phat trien cac ling
dung ddi mdi vi bao dam an toan, di chuyen, nang
lugng, giai tri.

TAI LI$U THAM K H A O
1. Winden W. Van, Den Berg L. Van, Carvalho L. Tuijl E.
Van (2011), Manufacturing in the new urban economy.

5. Ket luan
Phat trien "xa hdi thdng minh" ttong bdi
canh vung nghien ciiu san xuat cdng nghe cao
tiiinh vugng nhat Ha Lan (Brainport), tiianh phd
Eindhoven da sdm tiip can va ddn dau su bimg
nd cdng nghe cua ky nguyen 4.0. Thanh phd

Eindhoven trien khai de an "xa hdi tiidng minh",
nhung khdng vdi va chu ttgng den diu ttr cdng
nghe mdi, ma dat ttgng tam vao phat trien ban chat
la cpng ddng sang tao, sdi ddng, ttong dd ngudi
dan ddng vai ttd tnmg tam, ca ve ddng gdp xay
dyng lan tiiu hudng. Di an tap trung vao kit ndi d i
phat trien: ket ndi hen vimg, kit ndi ca sd ha ting -

So 3/2020

2. Nguyen Viet Long, ''Xdy dung thdnh pho thdng
minh Binh Duang: tie mo hinh quoc te den tdm nhin
dot phd", Tap chi Khoa hoc Chinh tri, s6 01/2018
3. Nguyen Viet Long (2019), "The groundbreaking
strategic socio-economic development — smart city
planning: a case study ofBinh Duong", Joumal of Architecture and Planning, 19(2), pp. 103-114. Taiwan
4. Metze, M. (1995), Let's make things better, Sun Publishing
5. Etzkowitz H. (2008), The Tnple Helix: University-Industry-Govemment Innovation In Action, Routledge, London
6. Comissie Sistermans (2006), Brainport Eindhoven
- Brainport navigator 2013: Lissabon voorbij, Eindhoven: Dmkkerij Jerae
7. Nguyen Viet Long, "Tdm nhin vd bp tieu chi dephdt
tnen nen tdng hudng tdi kinh te so : Cdch tiep can
cua dien dan cong ddng thong minh the gidi". Tap chi
Khoa hoc Chinh tn, s6 6/2019
8. opeandataportaLeu/Sa]metin, B. (2015)
Open Innovation 2.0 Cieates new Innovation Space, in: Open
Innovation 2 0 Yeartxiok 2015
9. Nguyln Viet Long, Nguyln Thi Thu Ha, "Mo hinh
Ba Nhd: chia khoa cho ddi mdi sdng tgo, khoa hpc
cong nghe, phdt triin xd hpi & kinh te tri thiic", Tap

chi Khoa hoc Chinh tri, s6 1/2020
10. Rob van Gijzel (2014), A .smart society is an inclusive society, OECD Yearbook 2014
11. Robvanajzel(2016),-4GVyCm7n«g/^f«aoe,Lecturis


. Nhin
Eindhoven day manh phat trien ket can ha tang
cdng nghe thdng tin va tmyen thdng chat lugng cao
frong thanh phd va khu vyc. Thuc te, cac mang cd
dinh va di ddng (cap quang, mang 4G/5G, WiFi,
LoRa...) la yeu td dinh vi quan ttgng va la ddng
lyc cho ddi mdi sang tao ttong luih vuc kinh ti, xa
hdi. Thanh phd Emdhoven ciing thiic day su sin
cd ciia cac nen tang md, de dang ttuy cap va chuan
hda cho cac img dung intemet ddi mdi, dat nen
tang cho viec khai thac tdi uu cac kha nang va ca
hdi ma Intemet van vat (loT) mang lai.
Ba la, phdt trien cpng dong vd he sinh thdi
Muc dich cua hpp phin nay nham tao dieu
kien cho cdng ddng Eindhoven tich eye tham
gia, ddng gdp vao cac giai phap lien quan den cac
van de xa hgi, iing dung cdng nghe tiidng tin va
tmyin thdng, dir lieu va tu duy tiiiet ke, phii hpp
vdi nhiem vu chuyen ddi sang xa hdi thdng minh
da dupe de cap ttong thda thuan hen minh. Hgp
phan ciing nham muc dich tang cudng he sinh thai
ddi mdi sang tao ciia Thanh phd Eindhoven, tiidng
qua viec khuyen khich, tiiu hiit cac ben tham gia
va phat huy sire manh cua Thanh phd Eindhoven
ttong ITnh vuc nay, Chang han, khuyen khich sy

tham gia cua smh vien, nhirng ngudi khdi nghigp
(cdng nghe), cac cdng ty ddi mdi sang tao va cac
trudng, vien. Ddng thdi, thanh phd Eindhoven cdn
dau tu vao viec tang cudng siic manh ddi mdi cua
td chiic chinh quyen thanh phd bang each tich eye
tham gia vdi tu each la ddi tac frong he sinh thai
xa hdi thdng minh.
Bon Id, khu thi diem thuc ti
Nham tao dieu kien cho boat dgng ddi mdi
sang tao, thanh phd Eindlioven tuyen bd da san
sang frd thanh khu thi diem thyc te. Khu thi diem
thuc te da dugc chimg minh la cdng cu hiiu ich
frong "xa hgi thdng minh" de thir nghiem cac khai
niem, phuang phap va iing dung ddi mdi ttong
nhung ITnh vuc cu the can cd su tuang tac chat che
vdi ngudi dimg. Day la diem dimg chan ly tudng
cho hoat ddng nghien cim, phat trien va hgp tac giira
chinh phii, cac tmdng, vien, doanh nghiep va ngudi
dan. Ben canh do, khu thi diem ciing giiip thanh
phd thir nghiem trudc mot each chuyen nghiep cac
cdng nghe mdi trong ddi sdng thyc, kiem tra tinh

rathijl^

kha tin tiirdc khi quyit dinh ttiin khai d quy "^°
Idn, vira giam rid ro, vira tang tinh phu hgp va _ •
qua cua cdng nghe. Thanh phd Eindhoven hucmg
din muc tieu phat ttiin hon niia kien tiidc va ky
nang dugc xay dung frong cac khu tiii didm feyc
ti, bang each chuyen nghi$p hda each tiep can khu

tin diim tiiuc ti, phat buy sire manh tdng hpp tiiong
qua viec kit ndi, tao diiu kien cho cac phdng tiii
nghiem hien tai va mdi tiianh lap hpp tac vdi cac
ddi tacfrongthanh phd.
- Khu thi diim thuc ti: tir phdng thi nghiem
den thuc tien
Thiih pho Eindhoven xay dyng nhieu khu ihi
diem tiiyc ti, ttiin khai tten nin tang hgp tac"Bdn
Nha" di phat triin ddi mdi sang tao. Mot sd vidu
tiiu biiu:
Trong hanh tiinh xay dyng tiianh phd ttong
lanh ban, tiianh phd Eindhoven da va dang xay
dyng cac cdng cu de hieu rd anh hudng cua chat
lugng khdng khi. AiREAS la mdt lien doanh hgp
tac dugc thanh lap vdi su tham gia ciia ngudi dan,
doanh nghiep, chinh quyen thanh phd va mdt sd
trudng dai hpc. Theo dd, mdt he thdng do ludng
(chat lugng khdng khi) cdng cdng theo thdi gian
thyc dugc dua vao thir nghiem, van hanh tiing
budc tir nam 2013. Ngudi dan cd the theo doi chat
lupng khdng khi ttong khu vuc minh sinh sdng tut
thiet bi di ddng. Hp ciing dugc khuyen khich tham
gia vao ca viec do ludng va danh gia each tdt nhat
de phan img vdi nhung thdng tin ma he tiidng nay
dem lai.
Khu dan eu Eckart - Vaartbroek dang dugc
chuyen ddi thanh mdi trudng sdng ben viingThdng qua viec ket hgp cac khoan diu tu tii
chinh quyen thanh phd cho den cac hiep hdi nha
d, mdt hinh thai hiiu co khu dan cu mdi dupe
tao ra, vdi ttpng tam dap img nhu cau ciia timg

cu dan. Woon Connect la cdng cu sd hda ddi
mdi, dupe sir dung de cai tao nha cira tiiy theo
sd thich ca nhan. Nhirng ngdi nha noi day duac
sd hda dua tten cac yen td xay dyng, kit hgp vdi
nen tang cho phep thu thap thdng tin ve ngdi nha
va mdi trudng sdng xung quanh. Hien da cd hon
4.500 ngdi nha dugc sd hda hoan toan d khu dan
cu Eckart - Vaartbroek. Ngoai ra, cac iing ^^^„
Khoa hpc chmh tri • So 3/2020


• Nhin ra thi gi&i

95

chieu sang thdng minh ciing dang dupe phat trien
xung quanh mdt hd nudc d Eckart - Vaartbroek.
Thanh phd Eindhoven dang nd luc dua
Sttatumseind - khu giai tii nhdn nhip bac nhit tiianh
phd trd thanh nai trai nghiem an toan hon nhung
ciing thu vi hon. De-escalate - khu thi diem thyc
ti ttong khu giai tii dat muc tieu cudi cimg la cd
tiie ngan chan nhiing cudc tranh cai, hudng din
dam ddng den nai an toan khi can thiet, nhung van
khuyin khich ngudi dan tan hudng cudc sdng ve
dem. Hdi ddng thanh phd dieu hanh khu thi diem
thuc te nay vdi sy tham gia cua cac trudng dai hgc,
vien nghien ciiu, doanh nghiep dja phuang va cac
CO quan ban nganh. Cac ben phdi hgp trien khai
hang loat thiet bi cam bien va he thdng bao mat. Cac

ben giam sat de phuc vu nhiing boat ddng ciia ngudi
dan tten dudng phd (thdng qua dieu ttet anh sang),
ddng thdi van tdnfrpngquyenriengtu ca nhan.

dii Ueu, ket ndi cdng ddng, kit ndi "Ba Nha" (nha
nudc, nha doanh nghiep, nha trudng) va ngudi
dan, dac biet la ttong trien khai cac khu thi diem
thyc te cdng nghe mdi, nham giam nii ro, dap img
dupe nhu can thuc tien. Thanh phd Eindhoven da
gat hai nhiing thanh cdng vugt bac, tir vugt qua
khimg hoang ddn birt pha, rdi vuon len tam the gidi
ve sy thinh vugng va ben viing, hien diing thii ba
chau Au ve tieu chi thanh phd cua tuong lai (theo
FDI intelhgence). Thanh phd dugc xem la mpt vi
du dien hinh ve each tiep can hudng den xa hdi
thdng mmh, kinh ti sd, ddi mdi sang tao thdi ky
cdng nghiep 4.0, vdi nhieu kinh nghiem ma cac
tinh, thanh Viet Nam cd the nghien ciiu,tiepbienG

Smart Strijp-S sd hiiu kit cau ha ting (cac mmg
ket ndi), bao gdm mang true, nen tang dam may/
dir lieu va khdng gian vat ly. Thdng qua viec khai
thac cac yeu td da tdn tai va lpi the la khu thi diem
thuc te. Smart Sttijp-S cd the cho ra ddi, cung cap,
phat trien cac dich vy thdng minh va tich hpp cac
ITnh vuc khac nhau de ttd thanh mdt khu vuc dpc
dao. Neu thanh cdng, khu phd Strijp-S dat tham
vgng se gidi tiiieu va md rdng y tudng ra cdng
ddng qudc te. Ngoai ra, chuang trinh cdn cung cap
cac dieu kien phu hgp nham thu hiit va khuyen

khich cac doanh nhan sang tao phat trien cac iing
dung ddi mdi ve bao dam an toan, di chuyen, nang
lugng, giai tri.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Winden W. Van, Den Berg L. Van, Carvalho L. Tuijl E.
Van (2011), Manufacturing in the new urban economy.

5. Kit Iu3n
Phat trien "xa hpi thdng minh" ttong bdi
canh viing nghien ciiu san xuat cdng nghe cao
thinh vupng nhat Ha Lan (Bramport), thanh phd
Eindhoven da sdm tiep can va ddn diu sy bimg
nd cdng nghe cua ky nguyen 4.0. Thanh phd
Eindhoven trien khai de an "xa hdi thdng minh",
nhung khdng vdi va chii ttpng den diu tu cdng
nghe mdi, ma dat ttgng tam vao phat trien ban chat
la cdng ddng sang tao, sdi ddng, ttong dd ngudi
dan ddng vai ttd frung tam, ca vi ddng gdp xay
dung lln tiiu hudng. De an tap ttung vao kit noi di
phat trien: ket ndi lien vung, kit ndi ca sd ha ting -

So 3/2020

2. Nguyen ViSt Long, "Xdy dung thdnh pho thdng
minh Binh Duong: tic mo hinh quoc te den tdm nhin
dot phd", Tap chi Khoa hgc Chinh tri, so 01/2018
3. Nguyen Viet Long (2019), "The groundbreaking
sUategic socio-economic development — smart city
planning: a case study ofBinh Duong", Journal of Architecture and Planning, 19(2), pp. 103-114. Taiwan

4. Metze, M.(1995), Let's make things better, SunPublishing
5. Etzkowitz H. (2008), The Triple Helix: University-Industry-Govemment Innovation In Action, Roudedge, London
6. Comissie Sistermans (2006), Brainport Eindhoven
- Brainport navigator 2013: Lissabon voorbij, Emdhoven: Drukkerij Jeme
7. Nguyln Viet Long, "Tdm nhin vd bo tieu chi dephdt
trien nen tdng hudng tdi kinh te so . Cdch tiep can
ciia diin ddn cong dong ihong minh the gidi". Tap chi
Khoa hpc Chinh tri, si 6/2019
8. htlps://www.europeandataportal.eu/Sa]meiin, B. (2015)
Open Innovation 2.0 Creates new Innovation Space, in: Open
Innovation 2.0 Yearbook 2015
9. Nguyen Viet Long, Nguyln Thi Thu Ha, "Mo hinh
Ba Nhd- chia khoa cho ddi mdi sdng tgo, khoa hpc
cong nghe, phdt trien xd hoi & kinh te tri thiic". Tap
chi Khoa hoc Chinh tii, si 1/2020
10. Rob van Gijzel (2014), A smart society is an inclusive society, OECD Yearbook 2014
11. Rob van Gijzel {20\6),A City Creating the FuRoe, Lecturis


94
Eindhoven day manh phat trien ket can ha ting
cdng nghetiidngtin va trayen thdng chat lugng cao
ttong thanh phd va khu vyc. Thuc te, cac mang cd
dinh va di ddng (cap quang, mang 4G/5G, WiFi,
LoRa...) la yeu td dinh vi quan ttgng va la ddng
lyc cho ddi mdi sang tao ttong ITnh vuc kinh te, xa
hdi. Thanh phd Eindhoven ciing thiic diy su san
cd ciia cac nen tang md, de dang tmy cap va chuan
hda cho cac iing dung internet ddi mdi, dat nen
tang cho viec khai thac tdi uu cac kha nang va ca

hdi ma Intemet van vat (loT) mang lai.
Ba Id, phdt triin cpng dong vd he sinh thdi
Muc dich ciia hgp phan nay nham tao dieu
kien cho cdng ddng Eindhoven tich eye tham
gia, ddng gdp vao cac giai phap hen quan den cac
van de xa hdi, img dung cdng nghe thdng tin va
tinyin thdng, dii lieu va tu duy tiiiet ki, phu hgp
vdi nhiem vu chuyen ddi sang xa hdi thdng minh
da duge de cap frong thda thuan hen minh. Hpp
phan Cling nliam muc dich tang cudng he sinh thai
ddi mdi sang tao cua Thanh phd Eindhoven, thdng
qua viec khuyen khich, thu hiit cac ben tham gia
va phat huy sire manh ciia Thanh phd Eindhoven
ttong Enh vuc nay. Chang han, khuyen khich sy
tham gia cua smh vien, nhiing ngudi khdi nghiep
(cdng nghe), cac cdng ty ddi mdi sang tao va cac
trudng, vien. Ddng thdi, thanh phd Eindhoven cdn
dau tu vao viec tang cudng siic manh ddi mdi cua
td chiic chinh quyen thanh phd bang each tich cue
tham gia vdi tu each la ddi tac frong he sinh thai
xa hdi thdng minh.
Bon Id, khu thi diem thuc te
Nham tao dieu kien cho boat ddng ddi mdi
sang tao, thanh phd Eindhoven tuyen bd da san
sang frd thanh khu thi diem thyc te. Khu thi diim
thuc te da dupe chimg minh la cdng cu hiiu ich
ttong "xa hgi thdng minh" de thu nghiem cac khai
niem, phuong phap va iing dung ddi mdi frong
nhung ITnh vyc cu the can cd sy tuong tac chat che
vdi ngudi dimg. Day la diem dimg chan ly tudng

cho boat ddng nghien ciiu, phat trien va hgp tac giira
chinh phii, cac Qudng, vien, doanh nghiep va ngudi
dan. Ben canh do, khu thi diem ciing giiip thanh
phd thir nghiem tmdc mdt each chuyen nghiep cac
cdng nghe mdi ttong ddi sdng thyc, kiim tra tinh

.Nhin

ralh£S^

kha tiii ttudc khi quyit dinh ttiin khai d quy ^°
Idn, vira giam nii ro, viia tang linh phii hop va ^ •
qua ciia cdng nghe. Thanh phd Eindhoven huong
din muc tieu phat tiiin ban nira kien tiiuc va ky
nang dugc xay dung frong cac khu dii diem tiiuc
ti, blng each chuyen nghiep hda each tiep can khu
tin diim tiiuc ti, phat buy siic manh ting hgp tiiong
qua viec kit noi, tao diiu kien cho cac phdng thi
nghiem Men tai va mdi tiianh lap hgp tac vdi cac
ddi tac ttong thanh phd.
- Khu thi diim thuc ti: tir phong thi nghiem
din thuc tien
Thanh phd Euidhoven xay dyng nhiiu khu tiii
diim thuc ti, tiiin khai tten nin tang hop tac "Bdn
Nha" di phat trien ddi mdi sang tao. Mot sd vidu
tieu bieu:
Trong hanh ttmh xay dyng tiianh phd frong
lanh ban, thanh pho Eindhoven da va dang xay
dung cac cdng cu de hieu rd anh hudng ciia chat
lugng khdng khi. AiREAS la mdt lien doanh hpp

tac dugc thanh lap vdi sy tham gia cua ngudi dan,
doanh nghiep, chinh quyen thanh phd va mdt sd
ttudng dai hgc. Theo do, mdt he thdng do ludng
(chit lugng khdng khi) cdng cdng theo thdi gian
thyc dugc dua vao thir ngluem, van hanh tiing
budc tir nam 2013. Ngudi dan cd the theo doi chit
lugng khdng khi ttong khu vuc minh sinh sdng tir
thiet bi di ddng. Hp ciing dugc khuyen khich tham
gia vao ca viec do ludng va danh gia each tdt nhit
de phan iing vdi nhiing thdng tin ma he thdng nay
dem lai.
Khu dan cu Eckart - Vaartbroek dang dugc
chuyen ddi thanh mdi trudng sdng bin vung.
Thdng qua viec ket hgp cac khoan diu tu tir
chinh quyen thanh phd cho den cac hiep hgi nha
d, mdt hinh thai him ca khu dan cu mdi duoc
tao ra, vdi ttgng tam dap iing nhu can ciia timg
cu dan. Woon Connect la cdng cu sd hda ddi
mdi, dugc sii dung de cai tao nha ciia ttiy theo
sd thich ca nhan. Nhirng ngdi nha nai day duoc
sd hda dya tten cac yen td xay dung, kit bap vdi
nin tang cho phep thu thap thdng tin vi ngdi nha
va mdi ttudng sdng xung quanh. Hien da cd ban
4.500 ngdi nha dugc sd hda hoan toan d khu dan
cu Eckart - Vaartbroek. Ngoai ra, cac litig dune
Khoa hoc chfnh th - So 3/2020


• Nhin ra thi gi&i

95

chiSu sang thdng minh ciing dang dugc phat trien
xung quanh mdt hd nudc d Eckart - Vaartbroek.
Thanh phd Eindhoven dang nd luc dua
Stratumsemd - khu giai tii nhdn nhip bac nhat tiianh
phd Ord tiianh nai ttai nghi&n an toan hern nhung
Cling thii vi hon. De-escalate - khu thi diem tiiyc
te ttong khu giai tri dat muc tieu cudi ciing la cd
the ngan chan nhiing cudc tranh cai, hudng dan
dim ddng din noi an toan khi can thiet, nhung vin
khuyen khich ngudi dan tan hudng cudc sdng ve
dem. Hgi ddng thanh phd diiu hanh khu thi diim
tiiyc ti nay vdi su tham gia ciia cac tmdng dai hpc,
vien nghien ciiu, doanh nghiep dia phuang va cac
CO quan ban nganh. Cac ben phdi hpp triin khai
hang loat thiit bi cam bien va hetiidngbao mat. Cac
ben giam sat de phuc vu nhiing boat dpng cua ngudi
dan tren dudng phd (thdng qua dieu tiit anh sang),
ddng thdi van tdn ttpng quyenriengtu ca nhan.

dii heu, ket ndi cdng ddng, ket ndi "Ba Nha" (nha
nudc, nha doanh nghiep, nha trudng) va ngudi
dan, dac biet la ttong ttien khai cac khu thi diim
thuc te cdng nghe mdi, nham giam nii ro, dap iing
dugc nhu can thyc tien. Thanh phd Eindhoven da
gat hai nhung thanh cdng vupt bac, tu vupt qua
khimg hoang den birt pha, rdi vuon len tim the gidi
ve sy thinh vupng va ben vung, hien diing thu ba
chau Au ve tieu chi thanh phd ciia tuong lai (theo

FDI intelligence). Thanh phd dugc xem la mdt vi
du dien hinh ve each tiep can hudng den xa hdi
thdng minh, kinh te sd, ddi mdi sang tao thdi ky
cdng nghiep 4.0, vdi nhieu kinh nghiem ma cac
tinh, thanh Viet Nam cd the nghien ciiu,tiepbiinQ

Smart Strijp-S sd hiiu ket cau ha ting (cac mang
kit ndi), bao gdm mang true, nin tang dam may/
dii lieu va khdng gian vat ly. Thdng qua viec khai
thac cac yeu td da tdn tai va lpi thi la khu thi diem
thuc te. Smart Strijp-S cd the cho ra ddi, cung cap,
phat trien cac dich vu thdng minh va tich hgp cac
ITnh vyc khac nhau de frd thanh mdt khu vyc ddc
dao. Neu thanh cdng, khu phd Strijp-S dat tham
vgng se gidi thi8u va md rdng y tudng ra cdng
ddng qudc te. Ngoai ra, chuong tiinh cdn cung cap
cac dieu kien phii hpp nham thu hut va khuyin
khich cac doanh nhan sang tao phat trien cac iing
dung ddi mdi ve bao dam an toan, di chuyen, nang
lupng, giai tri.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Winden W. Van, Den Bei^ L. Van, Carvalho L. Tuijl E.
Van (2011), Manufacturing in the new urban economy,
Routledge
2. Nguyin Viet Long, "Xdy dipig thdnh pho thong
minh Binh Duong: tic md hinh qudc te den tdm nhin
dptphd". Tap chi Khoa hpc Chinh tq, si 01/2018
3. Nguyen Viet Long (2019), "The groundbreaking
strategic socio-economic development — smart city

planning: g case study ofBinh Duong", Journal of Architecture and Planning, 19 (2), pp. 103-114. Taiwan
4. Metze, M. (1995), Let's make things better, SunPublishing
5. Etzkowilz H. (2008), The Triple Hehx: University-hidustry-Govemment Innovation In Action, Routledge, London
6. Comissie Sistermans (2006), Brainport Eindhoven
- Brainport navigator 2013: Lissabon voorbij, Eindhoven: Drukkerij Jerae
7. Nguyen Viet Long, "Jam nhin vdbo tieu chi de phdt
trien nen tdng hudng tdi kinh te sd : Cdch tiep can
ciia dien ddn cpng dong thong minh the gidi". Tap chi
Khoa hoc Chinh tii, si 6/2019
8 h^://www.europeandataportal.eu/Salmelin, B. (2015)
Open Innovation 2,0 Creates new Innovation Space, in: Open
Innovation 2.0 Yearixwak 2015
9. Nguyin Viet Long, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, "Mo hinh
Ba Nhd: chia khoa cho doi mdt sdng tgo, khoa hoc
cong nghe, phdl triin xd hpi & kinh te tri thuc". Tap
chi Khoa hpc Chinh tri, si 1/2020
10. Rob van Gijzel (2014), A smart society is an inclusive society, OECD Yearbook 2014
11. RobvanGiJ2El (2016), J City dealing the Future, Lecturis

5. Kit luan
Phat tiien "xa hdi thdng minh" ttong bdi
canh viing nghien ciiu san xuat cdng nghe cao
thinh vugng nhit Ha Lan (Bramport), thanh phd
Eindhoven da sdm tiep can va ddn dau sy bung
nd cdng nghe cua ky nguyen 4.0. Thanh phd
Eindhoven trien khai de an "xa hdi tiidng minh",
nhung khdng vdi va chii frgng den dau tu cdng
nghe mdi, ma dat ttgng tam vao phat trien ban chat
la cgng ddng sang tao, sdi ddng, frong do ngudi
dan ddng vai ttd trung tam, ca vi ddng gdp xay

dung lln tiiu hudng. Dd an tap hung vao kit ndi di
phat trien: ket ndi lien vimg, ket ndi co sd ha ting -

So 3/2020