Một số đặc điểm cơ bản của quá trình công nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa ở việt nam từ năm 1996 đến nay

MOT SO DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH
CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA 5 VIET NAM
TU" NAM 1996 DEN NAY
DINH THI HOANG PHUONG"
Tom tit: Nhiing d&c diem cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa co tac dpng to Idn den npi
dung cdng nhU anh hitdng deh tiSn trinh, tdc dp va ket qua cua sU nghiep cong nghiep hoa, Men dai
hoa d Viet Nam. Tdy thupc vao tCcng giai doan pha t trien, dac diem cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, Men
dai boa ViSt Nam co sU bien doi Bai viet tap trung phan tich, lam ro mpt so'dac diem ctf ban cua qua
trinh cong nghiep hoa, Men dai hoa 3 Viit Nam tit nam 1996 den nay.
Td khoa: Qua trinh cong nghiep hoa. Men dai hoa; dac diem ccf ban.
Abstract:

Features of industriahzation

process, speed and results

and modermzation have huge impacts to the content,

of industrialization

and modernization

in Vietnam. Features of

industriahzation and modernization have evolved over time. This article focused on key features of
industrialization and modernization in Vietnam since 1996 to present.
Keywords: Industriahzation; modernization; feature; Vietnam.
Ngay nh$n bai: 25/4/2019; Ngay sda bai: 20/5/2019; Ngay duySt dang bai: 29/6/2019.

1. Mof dau
Cong ngMep boa, hien dai boa la con

dfldng tat yeu de xay dflng ed sci vat cha't
ky thuat hien dai cua ca,e nfldc qua dp len
chii ngMa xa hpi bd qua giai doan phat
trien tU ban chu ngMa. Trong bp Tu ban,
C.Mae da phan tich ky sfl phat triin ciia
each mang cong nghiep va cho tha'y quy
Mat ta't yeu phai thfle hien cupc each
mang cong ngMep. Ke thfla quan diem
each mang va khoa hpc ciia Mac, khi each
mang thang Mfldi Nga thanh cong,
V.LLemn da dac biet nha'n manh vai tro
cua cong ngMep hoa va sfl ngMep cong
ngMep hoa: Chu nghia cdng san Ii chinh
quyen Xo vii't cong vdi diin khi hda toan
qud'c... Chi khi nao nUdc ta da diin khi
hda, chi khi nao cdng nghiip, ndng nghiep
S6 7-2019

va vin tai da ddng vdng tren cd sd ky
thuit cua dai cdng nghiep hien dai, thi liic
dd, chiing ta mdi cd the dat dUdc thing ldi
hdin toad^\ Nhan thfle rotinh ta't ye'u
phai thflc hien eong ngMep hoa trong thdi
ky qua dp len chii ngMa xa hpi d Viet
Nam, ngay tfl nhflng nam ddu xay dflng
chu ngMa xa hgi d mien Bdc, Chu tich Ho
Chi Minh da khdng dinh: Nhiem vu quan
trgng nhi't cua chiing ta la phai xay dUng
nen tang vat chat ky thuat cua chu nghia
xa hgi, dUa mien Bic tii'n dan lin chu

nghia xa hdi, cd cong nghiep va ndng
nghiep hiin dai, cd van hoa va khoa hgc
'"' Giang vien Khoa Ly luan chinh tri, Tnlcfng Dai hoc
Da Lat.
'" V.L Lenin toan tap (1979), Toan tap, tap 42,
Nxb.Tien bo, MatxcOva, tr.l95.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HH

[Q


M O T SO DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONG NGHIEP...
tiin tien. Trong qui trinh cich mang xa
hdi chu nghia, chiing ta phai cai tao nen
kinh ti' cH vi xiy dUng nen kinh te mdi,
ma xay dUng la nhiim vu chu chd't vi lau
daP\ Tren cd set nhan thflc sau sae va van
dung ly Man ciia ehu ngMa Mac - Lemn
va tfl tfl6ng Hd Chi Minh vae thflc te d
nfldc ta, Dang Cong san Viet Nam luon coi
cong ngMep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude la
nhiem vu trung tam, c6 tam quan trpng
hang ddu, la con dudng ta't yeu thilc Men
thanh cong muc tieu chii nghia xa hgi.

Cong ngM§p boa, hien dai hoa vfla la
qua trinh kinh t l - ky thuat vfla la qua
trinh kinh te - xa hpi. Trong qua trinh ddy
manh cong nghiep boa. Men dai boa, qua
trinh kinh te - xa hpi co quan he bien

chflng vdi nhau d ca tam vi mo Idn vi mo
va v6i ca qua trinh kinh te - ky thuat. V6i
y ngMa do, khi xem xet sU tae dpng va
hieu qua ciia eong nghiep boa, hien dai
hoa phai c6 quan diem toan dien khong
dflng lai b khia canh kinh te - ky thuat ma
phai xem xet ca khia canh Mnh te - xa hgi
Cung v6i qua trinh xay dflng va phat eua no. Xet tren ca hai phUdng dien kinh
trien da't nfldc, sfl nghiep cong nghiep te - ky thuat va kinh te - xa hgi, hai mat
hoa, hien dai boa b Viet Nam da trai qua nay cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa. Men
nhieu chang dfldng, nhieu budc di. Chu dai hoa dfldc thflc hien ddng thdi, c6 tac
trUdng theo duoi sU nghiep eong nghiep dgng va anh hfldng Mn nhau, gop phan
hoa, Men dai hda luon nha't quan va thue day va ho trd nhau trdng qua trinh
xuyen sudt song luon co sU dieu chinh ve phat trien. Cdng nghiep hda. Men dai
ngi dung de phfl hpp trong tflng giai hda d nfldc ta trfldc bet la qua trinh thflc
doan. Xet tha'y nhflng dac diem ciia qua Men muc tieu xay dflng nen kinh te xa bgi
trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa trong ehu ngMa. Do la mpt qua trinh thuc Men
xa hgi
tflng giai doan co tac dpng to Idn den ngi cMin lupe phat triin kinh te
dung cong nghiep hda, hien dai boa eung nham eai tie'n mpt xa hpi nong ngbiep
nhu anh hUdng de'n tien trinh, toe dp va thanh rapt xa hpi eong nghiep, gan vdi viec
ke't qua ciia sfl nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hinh thanh tflng bude quan he san xua't
hien dai hoa ct Viet Nam. Vi vay, viec tien bp, ngay cang the hien ddy du hdn
nghien cflu dac diem ciia qua trinh nay d ban chat Uu viet cua che dp xa hpi mdi xa
Viet Nam tfl nam 1996 den nay mang y hgi chu nghia. Cong nghiep boa. Men dai
hoa la qua trinb tad ra nhUng dieu kien
nghia ly Man va thfle tiln sau sac.
vat cha't - ky thuat can thiet vl cen ngUdi
2. Dac diem ctf ban cua cong va khda hpe - cong nghe, thuc day chuyen
nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d nfldc ta tfl dich ed ca'u kinh t l nhdm huy dpng va sil

nam 1996 den nay
dung CO hieu qua mpi ngudn Iflc de khong
Thd nhat, cong nghiep hda, hiin dai ngflng tang nang sua't lao dpng lam cho
hda d Viet Nam li mdt qua trinh rdng Idn, nen kinh te tang trUcing nhanh, nang cao
phdc tap va toin dien, dien ra d ta't ca cac
linh vUc cua ddi sd'ng xa hgi vi cd mdi
quan he bien chdng vdi nhau trin tat ca
'-' Ho Chi Minh (1996), Toan tap, tap 10, Nxb. Chinh
mgi phUdng dien, mgi khia canh.
tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, tr.13.

13

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

SO 7-2019


DINH THI HOANG PHUONG
ddi song vat chat va van hoa eho nhan kinh te - cMnh tri, van boa - xa hpi, quo'c
dan, thfle hien cdng bdng va tien bp xa phong va an ninh. Thanh cong eiia sfl
hpi, bao ve va cai thien moi trfldng sinh nghiep cong nghiep boa, Men dai hoa nen
thai. Cong ngMep hoa, hi$n dai hoa tao ra kinh t l quo'c dan la nhan to quyet dinh sfl
cd sb vat chat de lam bien doi vl chat Iflc thdng ldi eua eon dfldng xa hpi chu ngMa
lupng san xua't, nhd dd ma nang cao vai raa Dang va nhan dan ta da liia chgn. Do
trd eua ngUdi lao ddng - nhan to' trung do, Cdng nghiep boa. Men dai boa co npi
tam cua nen Mnh te xa hpi chu ngMa; tao dung bao trum ta't ea cac linh vile ciia ddi
diiu Men vat chat cho viec xay dflng va song xa hpi va co mo'i quan he bien chflng
phat trien nen van boa Viet Nam tien vdi nhau tren tat ca mgi phUdng dien, mpi
tie'n, dam da ban sac dan tdc. Cdng nghi$p khia canh.

hoa, hien dai hoa la cd sd kinh t l de cung
Thd hai, thUc chat qui trinh cong
co' va phat trien khoi lien minh vflng chdc nghiip hda, hien dai hda d Viet Nam Men
gifla giai cap cong nhan v6i giai cdp nong nay la qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hiin dai
dan, dpi ngii tri thfle va cac tdng ldp lao hda "nit ngin" nhUng ben vdng.
dgng khac trong sfl ngMep each mang xa
Viet Nam di len xay dung ehu ngMa xa
hpi ehu ngMa. Dae biet la tac dung gop hgi tfl mot nen kinh te eon lae hau so vdi
phan tang cfldng quyen Iflc, sfle manh va the gidi hien dai, nen de dat dupe mue tieu
hieu qua cua bg may quan ly kinh te cua dan giau, nfldc manh, dan chu, cong bdng,
nha nude. Cong nghiep hoa, Men dai hoa van minh, trUde mat la tranh nguy cd tut
tao dieu kien vat chat de xay dflng nen hau, doi hdi Viet Nam phai tao ra dupc sU
kinh te dgc lap, tU chu vflng manh tren cd phat trien manh me cua Iflc lfldng san
sci dd ma thiie Men tot sii phan eong va xua't. Muo'n vay, dieu quan trpng trUdc het
hdp tac quo'c te. Cong nghiep hoa. Men dai la phai day manh cdng nghiep hoa. Men
boa da't nfldc thuc day sfl phan cong lao dai boa. Ve mat kinh te, c6 the noi cot loi
dgng xa hpi phat trien, thuc ddy qua trinh cua sU phat trien rut ngdn tai Viet Nam,
quy hoach vung lanh tho hdp ly theo cMnh la rut ngan tien trinh cong nghiep
hudng ehuyen canh tap trung lam cho hoa, Men dai hoa. Lich sii phat trien ciia
quan he Mnh te gifla cac vung, cac mien nen kinh te the gidi da eho tha'y, khdng it
trd nen tho'ng nha't cao hdn. Cong nghiep nen kinh te da thflc hien thanh cong viec
hoa. Men dai hda khong nhflng eo tac rut ngdn tiln trinh cong ngMep hda nhfl
dung thflc day nen kinh te tang trflcing Phan Lan, Nhat Ban va Han Quo'c. Neu
phat trien cao ma con tao tien de vat chat nhu Tay Au phai di qua chang dfldng gan
de xay dflng, pha.t trien va Men dai hoa 05 the ky (vao cuoi the ky XIV khdi ddu
nen qudc phong - an nmh. Sfl nghiep quo'c chu nghia tU ban ct Tay Au), thi vdi Nhat
phong va an nmh gdn liin vdi sfl nghiep Ban chi ma't 100 nam da sanh ngang vdi
phat trien van hoa, kinh te, xa hgi. Cong cac qud'c gia tu ban Tay Au ve trinh dp
nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa tao ra tien phat trien kinh te thong qua qua trinh
de kinh te cho sfl phat trien ddng bp ve cong ngMep hoa riit ngdn. Vdi muc tieu

5^7-2019

NHAN LUC KHOA HOCXA Hdi

Q|


MOT SO DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONu isiunitr..
day manh toin diin, dong bp cdng cudc ddi
mdi; phat trien kinh te' nhanh, ben vdng,
phan dau sdm dUa nUdc ta cd ban trd
thanh nUdc cong ngldep theo hUdng hien
(Ja/^' ro rang can day manh cdng nghiep
hoa, thflc hien phat trien rut ngan.
Ceng nghiep hda, hien dai hda rut ngan
dd'i vdi Viet Nam hien nay khong chi la nit
ngan thdi gian cua qua trinh vfldn len
trinh dp hien dai cua the gidi ma con phai
cd phupng thflc phu hpp cho phep di tdt
ddn dau, thdng qua cac bflde qua dp, hoac
vflpt qua rapt so' bude tuan tu de di thang
len Men dai. Qua trinh riit ngdn nay phai
bao dara chat Mpng, Meu qua trong phat
trien, tflc la phai bao dam tinh bin vflng
trong phat trien. De rut ngan thdi gian,
dudng nhien phai tao dfldc to'c dp phat
trien nhanh. Phat trien nhanh tren ed sd
huy dpng cae ngudn lUc npi tai va tan
dung cac ed hpi thong qua giad lflu hpi
nhap quo'c te. Chi co phat trien nhanh mdi

bao dam thu hep khoang each vdi cae nUdc
hien ed trinh dp phat trien hdn chung ta.
Viet Nam c6 diiu Men phat trien nhanh
va yeu cau phat trien nhanh eiing dang
dat ra nMeu van de hit sfle cdp thiet.
Phat trien ben vflng la cd sd de phat trien
nhanh, phat trien nhanh de tao ngudn luc
cho phat trien ben vflng. Vi the, phat trien
nhanh va ben vflng phai luon gdn chat vdi
nhau trong quy hoach, ke hoach va cMnh
sach phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, phai dac
biet quan tam gifl vflng dn dinh cMnh tri xa hpi, tang cfldng quo'c phong, an ninh,
bao ve viing chdc dpc lap, ehii quyen,
tho'ng nha't va toan ven lanh tho de bao
dam cho da't nfldc phat trien nhanh va bin
vflng. Tdc dp tang trflcing Mnh t l nhanh la
Q]

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHM

cd set de giai quyet cac van de xa hpi, m6i
trudng,... Sdng ciing cMnh do tang trfldng
nhanh da lam nay smh hang loat va'n de
ea ve kinh te, cM'nh tri, van hoa, xa h6i
nhfl bat binh dang, 6 nMem moi trfldng,...
Nhfl vay, edn co cd che bao dam cho viec di
lien vdi tang trfldng phai bao dam tie'n bp
va cong bang xa hpi, cai thien moi trfldng.
Ndi each khae, cong nghiep hda. Men dai
hoa rut ngdn nhflng ben vflng. Ben vflng

ve ca Mnh te, chinh tri, van boa, xa hpi,
moi trfldng va cdn ngfldi. Tang trflcing
kinh te phai ket hdp hai hda vdi thflc hien
tien bp va eong bdng xa hpi; nang cao
khong ngflng chat Ifldng cupc sdng cua
nhan dan. Phat trien kinh t l - xa hpi
phai luon di cung vdi bao v$ va cai thien
moi trfldng.
Thd ba, cong nghiip hda, hiin dai hda
trong dieu kiin phit triin kinh te thi
trudng dinh hudngxa hpi chu nghia.
Kinh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng xa hpi
chu nghia van tiep tuc la mo hinh kinh t l
di6n hinh trong thcii ky cong ngMep hoa,
hien dai hda. Nin kinh te nfldc ta dflpc
ca'u thanh bdi hai thanh to la kinh ti' thi
trudng va dinh hUdng xa hgi chu nghia.
Hai thanh to' nay co quan he tfldng tae vdi
nhau, phan anh tinh phd biin, tinh dac
thu va doi hoi phai giai quyet hai hoa moi
quan he gifla phd bie'n va dac thfl trong
qua trinh phat trien va quan ly nen kinh
te thi trfldng dinh hfldng xa hpi chu ngbia
b nfldc ta. Dinh hfldng xa hgi chu ngWa
phan anh tinh dac thfl ciia nen Mnh te thi
'•" Ban Tuyen giao trung UOng (2016), Tai heu hoc tkp
Cac Van kien Dai bgi dai bieu toan qud'c Idn thii XII
cua Dang (dung cho can bp, dang vien S ca sd), Nxb.
Chinh tri quoc gia - Sa that. Ha Noi, tr.21.
SO7-201II

DINH THI HOANG PHUONG
trfldng d ViSt Nam. Nin kmh t l thi trfldng
d Vi$t Nam vfla phai dfldc phat trien theo
nhiing quy Mat khach quan cua kinh te
thi trfldng, vfla phai dfldc dinh hfldng,
dieu tiet va giam sat cho phu hdp vdi ban
cha't va nhiing nguyen tdc cua mot xa hpi
dang cong ngM§p hda. Men dai hda tiing
bflde di len chu nghia xa hpi. Dinh hfldng
xa hpi chu ngMa cua nin Mnh te thi
trUdng trong thdi ky qua dp b nfldc ta
khdng phai cH do dinh hudng cMnh tri cM
phdi, ma con dUdc cM phoi bdi cd sd Mnh
t l ben trong, dfldc bad dam bdi mpt ke't
cau Mnh te ma trong qua trinh van dpng,
tfl no c6 xu hfldng xa hpi chii nghia, va do
do, nd lam cho cae nhan to' xa hpi chu
ngMa ngay cang Idn manh len.

Toan cau hda kinh te la met xu hfldng
trdng dd sfl gia tang manh rae eac mdi
quan he Mnh te vflpt ra bien gidi qudc gia,
vUdn tdi quy md toan cau, tao nen sU gdn
ket cac nen kinh te thanh mot nen kinh t l
the gidi thdng nhdt. Theo xu hudng nay,
nhan loai dang day nhanh vi§c di den mot
thi trUdng the gidi tho'ng nha't, mpt he
tho'ng tai cMnh tin dung toan cau, phat

trien va md rpng phan eong lao dpng quoc
t l theo cMeu sau, md rong giao lUu khoa
hgc, cong nghe gifla cac nfldc, giai quye't
eac vdn de Mnh te - xa hgi cd tinh toan
cdu. Hpi nhap kinh te quoc te' la mpt npi
dung chu yeu eua toan cau hda kinh te, dd
la qua trinh eac quoc gia gan ket nen kinh
te cua nUde minh vdi nen kinh te khu vUc
Nin Mnh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng xa va the gidi bang cac no Me thUe Men tu do
hpi chu ngMa d nfldc ta la nin Mnh te hda, md eiia Mnh te tren eae cap dp song
hang hoa nMeu thanh phan, van hanh phUdng, da phUdng va giara thieu su khac
theo cd che thi trUdng cd sil quan ly cua biet de trd thanh mpt bp phan hpp thanh
Nha nUdc, dfldi sfl lanh dao cua Dang cMnh the ndn Mnh te toan eau. Nd khong
Cong san; vfla van dpng theo nhiing quy chi ddn thudn la qua trinh hdp tac, raa edn
Mat cua kinh t l thi trUdng, vfla dfldc dan la qua trmh canh tranh cd tinh quyet dinh
ddt, cM phd'i bdi cae nguyen tac va ban Sdhg edn gifla cae ddanh ngM§p va cae nen
chat cua chu nghia xa hpi. Tinh dinh kinh te qudc gia. Neu trUdc day, sU phan
hudng xa hpi chu ngMa trong phat trien cong va trao doi bi gidi ban bdi tinh vflng,
Mnh te - xa hpi quy dinh phat trien Mnh dia phupng va quo'e gia, tM ngay nay
te thi trfldng d nfldc ta la nhim muc tieu trong xu hudng toan cdu boa, sfl phan
dan giiu, nUdc manh, dan chu, cong eong va trao doi dfldc thfle Men thong qua
bang, van minh'^'^K Khong the lam chd dan mang lien kit toan cdu. Xu hudng nay ta't
giau, nUdc manh ne'u khong cd tang yeu lam cho ngay cang nMeu cac san
trfldng Mnh te tren cd sd day raanh cdng phdm cong ngMep dUdc san xua't ra ed sU
nghiep hda, hi§n dai hda trong diiu Men tham gia cua nMeu doanh ngMep thupc
phat trien Mnh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng cac quo'c gia khac nhau, rdi td hdp chung
lai vdi nhau. Su phan cdng lao dpng da
xa hpi chu nghia.

Thd tu, cong nghiep hda, hiin dai hda

trong xu the' toan cau hda kinh te va hdi
nhip qud'c te.
stf 7-2019

'*' Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai hpi
dai bieu toan quoc lin thti XII, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc
gia, H a N o i , tr.25.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI

Q


MOT SO DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONG JNGHlEJr-..
M m eho bien gidi quo'c gia khdng con gidi

Thd nam,

cdng nghiep

hda, inen

dai

h a n c h a t che n h u trudc day, m a xich lai

hoa gin vdi kinh te'tri thdc trong bdi canh

gan n h a u . Tri thflc, dac biet la cong n g h e

each mang cdng nghiip

thong tin, k i n h t l m a n g la nhflng y i u to'

lin thd 4.

Cae nfldc p h a t t r i e n hien nay deu chfla

q u a n t r g n g k i t dinh ca.e d o a n h ngMep va

dflng t r o n g nd nhieu yeu to' cua n e n kinh

cac quo'c gia vdi n h a u . Do vay, hpi n h a p

te t r i thflc, nhfl n e n cong ngMep cong

kinh te quo'c t e Mm cho h e tho'ng thong t i n

n g h e cao chie'm ty trpng Idn, lao dpng tri

khong con la cua rieng tflng quo'c gia, m a

t u e ed chuyen m o n ky t h u a t eao. Vi vay,

la chung ciia n M i u quo'c gia t r e n t h e gidi.

budc chuyen s a n g M n h t l t r i thflc la bflde

Hpi n h a p kinh te quo'c te l a m eho eae

chuyen cd t i n h t d t yeu khach quan, phii

doanh nghiep va cac quo'c gia s a n sang

hdp vdi q u y M a t ehung. Vidt N a m la nfldc

hdp tae vdi n h a u de cflng hfldng ldi do hdp

Cd n i n k i n h t l nong nghiep d a n g tien

tae m a n g lai. Tuy nhien, hpi n h a p k i n h t l

h a n h cdng nghiep hda de p h a t trien kinh

qud'c te ciing dat r a nhflng t h a c h thflc

te t r a n h t u t h a u . Dpi n g u can bp khoa hoc

c a n h t r a n h gay gdt gifla eac d o a n h ngMep

ciia Viet N a m cd k h a n a n g tie'p can va flng

va cae n e n k i n h te.

d u n g eac t h a n h tflu k h o a hgc ky t h u a t tien

Bo'i c a n h eua k i n h te t h e gidi da va d a n g

tien t r e n t h e gidi. Trong q u a t r i n h cong

lam xua't Men nhflng ed hpi mdi va thdi ed

nghiep hda d a t nudc, Viet N a m da manh

mdi cho sU p h a t trien n h a y vpt cua nfldc di

d a n d a u tU, k h a i t h a c flng d u n g nhiing

sau, tie'n h a n h cong ngMep hda mupn nhfl

t h a n h tflu mdi ciia thdi dai n h a t la cdng

Viet Nara. Cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hoa

n g h e thdng tin, cong n g h e sinh hpc, cong

eung dong thdi la qua t r i n h md rpng kinh

n g h e p h d n mem,... N h u vay, ehung ta co

te quo'e te. Trong dieu Men hien nay, n e n

cd sd khoa hgc de ddng thdi thUe hien hai

M n h te nfldc t a khong t h e t a n g trudng va

nhiem vu: ehuyen tU k i n h te nong nghiep

p h a t trien m a n h n e u khong tMet lap mdi

s a n g n e n k i n h te cong nghiep va phat

q u a n h e Mnh te vdi nudc ngoai. Cong

t r i e n k i n h te t r i thflc. Viet N a m muo'n rut

nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa theo hudng hpi

n g a n q u a t r i n h cdng nghiep hda. Men dai

n h a p quo'c te n h a m t h u h u t vo'n d a u tU,

hda, chflng t a can p h a i n d m bdt, khai

eong nghe thi trUdng, kinh ngMem cua cae

thac, sii d u n g cac t h a n h tflu khoa hgc -

nu6c di trudc day m a n h cMe'n Mpc xuat

edng n g h e hien dai va nhflng ye'u to' eua

khau, n a n g lUc canh t r a n h da trd t h a n h

n i n k i n h te tri thflc vdi p h u d n g cham tang

mpt xu t h e chung cua thdi dai. Moi nude

toe, di tat, bo qua 16'i m d n m a cae nUdc da

trd t h a n h mpt bp p h a n cua he tho'ng k i n h

vUdt qua. Cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda

te t h e gidi cd tac dpng tUdng hd Idn n h a u

gdn vdi p h a t t r i e n k i n h te t r i thfle la phai

va chiu sfl bien dpng kinh te - xa hpi ehung

h u d n g m a n h vao p h a t t r i e n cac nganh

cua t h e gidi. Cdng nghiep hoa, Men dai hoa

cdng nghe cao, ceng n g h e sach, t r a n h thu

p h a i gdn vdi viec xay dflng h e thd'ng kinh

nhiing cd hpi "di tdt, ddn dau" d l hinh

te md, t a n g cudng q u a n he thUdng raai, tieh

t h a n h n e n nhflng m u i n h g n p h a t triin

ciie lien ket Mnh t l qud'e te.

thed t r i n h dp tien tien cua k h o a hpc - cdng

Qi]

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

SO 7-2019


DINH THI HOANG PHUONG
nghe the gidi. Phat huy nhflng ldi the
cua da't nfldc, tan dung mpi kha nang de
dat trinh dp cong ngh$ tien tien, dac biet
la cong nghe thong tin va cong nghe sinh
hpc, tranh thu flng dung ngay cang
nhieu hdn, d raflc dp cao hdn va pho bien
hdn nhflng thanh tflu mdi v l khoa hgc va
cdng nghe, tflng bflde phat trien kinh te
tri thfle.
Cdng nghiep hda, Men dai hda gdn vdi
phat trien Mnh te tri thflc se phat huy dfldc
ldi t h i de ket hpp sfle manh sang tao ciia
dan tpc vdi sfle manh thdi dai khai thac
nhflng flu the ve ven, cong nghe, thi trfldng
cua khu vflc va the gidi de phat huy tiem
nang ve tai nguyen tMen nMen va ngudn
lao dpng ddi dao ciia nfldc ta de thuc day
tang trudng va phat trien kinh te. Xet ve
lau dai, ldi t h i vl lao dpng chUa qua dao
tao va tai nguyen thien nMen se ngay cang
can kiet, bdi vay, can phat huy ldi the
ngudn nhan Iflc chat Ifldng cao va nhan tai
de canh tranh va cMem linh nhulig nganh
ed gia tri gia tang cao trong chuoi gia tri

toan cau.
Vi vay, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda
gan vdi phat tri§n kinh t l tri thfle la phu
hdp vdi xu the chung cua thdi dai. Van
Men Dai hpi XII khang dinh: Tie'p tuc doi
mdi md hinh tang trUdng, cd ciu lai nen
kinh te'; diy manh cdng nghiep hda, hiin
dai hda gin vdi phit triin kinh te tri thdc;
hoin thien the chi', phit triin kinh te'thi
trudng dinh hudngxa hdi chu nghid^K Bao
cao cdn neu ro: Diy la chu trUdng Idn,
quan trgng dUdc neu ra td Dai hpi XI cua
Dang. Trong thdi gian tdi cin tiip tuc day
manh qui trinh nay theo hudng ket hdp
cd hiiu qua. phit trien chieu rpng vdi
SO 7-2019

chieu sau, ning cao chat lUdng tang
trudng vi sde canh tranh trin cd sd nang
cad ning suat lao ddng, dng dung tii'n bp
khoa hgc - cdng nghi, doi mdi va sing
tao, ning cao chat lUdng nguon nhin lUc,
phit huy ldi the so sinh va chu ddng hdi
nhap qud'c te...'-^\
Thd siu, cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda
la su nghiep cua toan din, cua tat ca cic
din tpc anh em.
Trong eae yeu to' ciia Ifle lupng san xua't
thi con ngUdi ludn d vi tri trung tam ciia
sfl phat trien va gifl vai trd quyit dinh.

Con ngUdi vfla la muc tieu, vfla la dpng Iflc
cua sfl phat trien xa hpi. NgUdi lao dpng
da dupc V.I.Lenin khang dinh la luc lUdng
san xua't hang dau cua nhan loaPK SU
tang trUctng kinh te cdn 05 ye'u to'chii yeu
la vd'n, khoa hpe va cdng nghe, con ngfldi,
cd ca'u kinh te, the che ehinh tri va quan ly
nha nUdc. Trong cac yeu to' tham gia vao
qua trinh phat trien kinh te ndi chung va
qua trinh edng nghiep hda. Men dai hda
noi rieng, yiu to' con ngUdi van ludn dUdc
coi la ye'u td'cd ban, quyet dinh. Con ngUdi
tham gia vad sii nghiep cdng nghiep hoa,
hien dai hoa khdng chi vdi tU each la
ngUdi lao dpng san xua't ma con vdi tU
each la cong dan cua xa hpi, rapt ca nhan
trong tap the, mdt thanh vien trong cdng
ddng dan tpc, mpt con ngfldi tri tue trfldc
van menh qud'e gia. Cdng nghiep hda, hien
*^' Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kiin Dai bgi
dai biiu toan qudc lan thd XII, Nxb Chinh tri quo'c
gia. Ha Noi, tr.22.
'^' Dang (3ong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai bgi
dai bieu toan quoc lan thic XU, Nxb, Chinh t n quoc
gia, H a N o i , tr.22.
"' V.LLenin (1977), Toan tap. tap 38, Nha xuat ban
Tien b8, MatxcOva, tr.430.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

Q


MOT s o DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONG NGHUUr..
dai hda doi hoi ngudn nhan Iflc phai du so'
Ifldng can dd'i vl ed ea'u va trinh dp, cd
kha nang nam bat va sii dung cac thanh
tflu khoa hgc va cdng nghe tien tien ciia
the gidi va cd kha nang sang tao cong
nghe mdi dap flng yeu cdu da dang, da
tang cua cdng nghe va trinh dp phat trien
eua cac ITnh vflc, nganh nghl. Dd khdng
chi la dpi ngu nhflng ngUdi lao dpng ed
nang sua't cao nhflng nha khoa hpc gioi,
cac chuyen gia ky thuat, cac nha ddanh
nghiep biet lam an, nhflng nha quan ly,
lanh dae cd tai, ma dd cdn la hang trieu
nhflng cong dan yeu nfldc, y thflc dflpc
cupe song ddi ngheo va nguy cd tut hau de
eung nhau gan bd vi sfl nghiep ehung.
Viee day manh cdng cudc cdng nghiep boa
hien dai boa da't nude doi hdi ehung ta
phai nhan thflc mpt each sau sac day dii
nhflng gia tri Idn lao va ed y nghia quyet
dinh vi tri, vai trd cua quan ehflng nhan
dan
chu the ciia ragi sang tao, mpi
ngudn cua cai vat cha't va van boa tinh
than. Hdn nfla, vdi tinh ta't ye'u khach
quan cua sU nghiep xay dflng dat nudc

theo dinh hfldng xa hpi chu nghia, edng
nghiep hoa. Men dai boa da't nfldc va each
mang con ngfldi phai dupc nhan thflc la
hai mat thd'ng nha't, khong the tach rdi
eua sfl nghiep xay dflng do. Cdng nghiep
hda, hien dai hda la sfl nghiep ciia toan
dan, ciia ta't ca cae dan tpc anh em. Nhan
dan la nhan to' tham gia tich cfle, chu
dpng va quyet dinh cMnh yeu den sfl
thanh cdng cua qua trinh cong nghiep
hda, hien dai hda. Va chinh sfl thanh qua
eua qua trinh cdng nghiep hda. Men dai
hda lai nang cao ddi sd'ng vat eha't va tinh
than ciia toan dan.
Q

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

Thd bay, quan diem, nhan dinh cua
Dang Cdng san Viet Nam vi cdng nghiep
hda, hien dai hda trong mdi ching dudng,
mdi budc di ngay cing toan diin vi sau
sic hdn.
Tren cd sd nhan thflc sau sde va van
dung ly Man cua ehu ngMa Mac - Lemn
va tfl tfldng Hd CM Minh vao thflc te d
nfldc ta, va'n de cdng nghiep hda. Men dai
hda lan dau tien dflpc Dang Cong san Viet
Nam de cap vao Dai hpi HI (nam 1960).
Trong qua trinh xay dflng da't nfldc, qua

cae ky Dai hpi. Dang Cong san Vi§t Nam
tiep tue ed nhflng nhan thflc mdi, ngay
cang toan dien va sau sde hdn ve cdng
nghiep hda. Men dai hda. Dai hpi VIII cua
Dang (nam 1996) nMn lai da't nfldc sau 10
nam ddi mdi da nhan dinh: nfldc ta da
thoat khdi khiing hdang kinh te - xa hpi,
nMem vu dl ra cho chang dUdng ddu cua
thdi ky qua dp la ehuan hi tiln dl cho edng
ngMep hoa da ed ban hoan thanh eho phep
ehuyen sang thdi ky day manh cdng
nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nfldc. Dai hpi
IX (nam 2001), Dai hpi X (nam 2006) va
XI (nam 2011) cua Dang, tiep tuc bd sung
va hoan thien nhan thflc ciia Dang vl cdng
ngM$p hda. Men dai hda va da dfla ra
quan diem ve cdng ngMep hda, Men dai
hda cu the M: edng ngMep hda gdn vdi
hien dai hoa va cdng ngMep hda, hien dai
hda gdn vdi phat trien kinh te tri thflc,
bao ve mdi tnidng tU nhien, bao tdn da
dang smh hpc. Cong ngMep hda, Men dai
hda gdn vdi phat trien Mnh te thi trUdng
dinh hudng xa hpi ehu ngMa va hpi nhap
Mnh te quo'c tl. Lay phat huy ngudn Iflc
con ngfldi la yeu to' cd ban ehd sU phat
trien nhanh va bin vflng. Dang dl ra npi

SO 7-2010

DINH THI HOANG PHUONG
dung va dinh hfldng cdng ngMep hda, hien theo hudng hiin dai vio nam 202(P\ Dai
dai hoa trong nhiing nam tiip theo thiet hdi XI tiep tue khang dinh... tao nen tang
thflc va phu hdp xu the thdi dai, ta't ca di di'n nam 2020 nUdc ta cd ban trd thanh
nhdm muc tieu ^a con ngUdi, vi sU phat nUdc cdng nghiip theo hudng hien dai^^\
trien bin vflng, pha'n daii den nam 2020 Tuy nhien, Dai hpi XII ciia Dang da danh
nfldc ta cd ban trd thanh mpt nude cong gia chang dfldng phat trien 5 nam trfldc:
ngMep Men dai. Tai Dai hpi XII (nam Mpt so chi tieu kinh ti' - xa hdi chUa dat
2016) cua Dang, quan diem ve cong ke hoach; nhieu chi tieu, tieu chi trong
ngMep hda, hien dai hda tiep tuc cd sU bo muc tiiu phan ddu de de'n nam 2020 nudc
sung, phat trien eho phfl hdp vdi tinh hinh ta cd ban trd thinh nUdc cdng nghiep theo
mdi cua da't nfldc va xu the hpi nhap qud'c hudng hiin dai khdng dat dUdd^°K Nhflng
te; treng do, ndi bat la eac npi dung ehu han che, khuyet diem neu tren do nMiu
yeu sau: muc tieu cua cdng ngMep hda, nguyen nhan tac dpng cd ca nguyen nhan
hien dai hda dfldc dieu cMnh cho sat hdp khach quan va chii quan. Nguyen nhan
vdi hoan canh thflc tien cua dat nfldc; dinh khach quan la do anh hudng cua khung
hudng xac dinh he tieu cM nfldc cdng hoang tai cMnb va suy thoai kinh te toan
ngMep theo hfldng Men dai; xac dinh cac eau; thi§n tai, dich benh; nhflng dien bie'n
giai doan cua qua tnnh edng ngMep hda. mdi phflc tap eua tinh hinh the gidi va
Men dai hda;...
khu vflc, tinh hinh cang thang do tranh
Trong nhiing chang dfldng da qua. cha'p chii quyin tren Bien Ddng; sU chdng
Dang Cong san Viet Nam ludn neu cao pha ciia cae the luc thfl dich,... Nguy§n
nhan thflc va hanh dpng, gdn ly Man vdi nhan chu quan la cuoi nMem ky khda X,
thflc tiln, thdng thdng nhan djnh nhflng kinh te vdn tren da tang trfldng, song rapt
han ehe, khuyet diem, rut ra bai hpc Mnh so' khd khan, ban che va nhflng yiu kera
ngMem va de ra phfldng hfldng, nMem vu vo'n cd cua nen kinh te chua dflpc danh gia
mdi cho nhflng chang dfldng cong nghiep va dfl bao ddy du, nen Dai hpi XI dl ra
boa. Men dai boa tie'p theo. Dai hpi VIII mpt sd' ehi tieu, nMem vu kha cao. Them

eua Dang (nam 1996) Dang da de ra mue vao do, nhieu han che, yeu kem trong eong
tieu din nam 2020 nfldc ta se trd thanh; tae lanh dao, quan ly, diiu hanh ciia ca'p
Mdt nUdc cdng nghiep cd cd sd vat chat - uy, cMnh quyen cac ca'p va eac bp, nganh
ky thuit hiin dai. Tai Dai hpi IX cua chara dfldc khde phue; chfla ehu trpng
Dang (nam 2001), muc tieu nay dfldc diln
dat linh hoat hdn la: De'n nam 2020, nUdc <*' Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2006), Van kien Dai hgi
ta cd ban trd thanh nUdc cdng nghiep theo dai bieu toan qudc ian thtiX, Nxb. Chfnh tri quoc gia,
hudng hien dai. Dai hpi X cua Dang (nam H a N o i , tr.l86.
'^' Dang C6ng san Viet Nam (2011), Van kien Dai hgi
2006), mdt lan nfla xac dinh: Diy manh dai bieu toan qudclin tbdXI, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia,
cdng nghiep hda, hiin dai hda va phat Ha Noi, tr.33.
triin kirdi te'tri thdc tao nen tang de dUa ""' Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai hgi
dai bieu toan quoc lan thU XII Nxb. Chinh tri quoc
nudc ta cd bin trd thinh nudc cong nghiep gia. Ha Noi, tr.60.
507-2019

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

Q]


MOT SO DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONG NGHlEl'...
dling mflc thao gd khd khan, hd trd doanh
ngMep; ehua quyet liet trong viec tham
mflu, cM dao thflc Men mpt so' chii trUdng,
quan diera phat trien da dUdc neu treng
Nghi quyit Dai hpi XI; nang lUc du bao
cdn han che, eho nen mpt so' chii trUdng,
cMnh sach, giai phap de ra chUa phu
hpp,... Vi vay, phUdng hfldng, nhiem vu

ddy manh cdng ngMep hda, hien dai hda
trong 5 nam tdi (2016 - 2020) dfldc xac
dinh linh hoat hdn \a: Day manh cdng
nghiip hda, hien dai hda, phan dau sdm
dUa nUdc ta cd ban trd thanh nUdc cdng
nghiip theo hudng hien dai^^'^\

hda trong mdi chang dudng, moi bUdc di
ngiy cing toan dien vi siu sac hdn. Kit
qua nghien cflu nhflng dac diem cdng
nghiep hda, hi$n dai hda ci Viet Nam tfl
nam 1996 den nay se gdp phan lam cd sd
de tfl dd cd the xac dinh, diiu chinh va
bd sung nhflng npi dung mdi trong qua
trinh eong nghiep hda, Men dai hoa giai
doan hien nay cung nhfl Ifla chpn hinb
thfle thich hop chd nhflng bflde tiip cua
sfl nghiep cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda
da't nUdc.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
3. Ket luan
1. Ban Tuyen giao trung Udng (2016),
Tfl nam 1996 din nay, qua trinh cong
nghiep hda, hien dai hda ct Viet Nara co Tii lieu hgc tap Cac Van kiin Dai hpi dai
mdt sd' dac diem cd ban nhu sau: Mdt la, bieu toan qud'c lan thd XII cua Dang
cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda d Viet Nara (dilng cho cin bd, dang viin d cd sd), Nxb.
la mpt qua trinh rpng Idn, phflc tap va Chinh tri qud'c gia - Su that. Ha Ndi.
toan dien, dien ra d ta't ca cae linh vflc cua
2. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam (2006),

ddi sd'ng xa hpi va cd md'i quan he bien Vin kiin Dai hpi dai biiu toin qudc lin
chflng vdi nhau tren ta't ea mgi phupng thdX, Nxb. Chinh tri qud'c gia. Ha Ndi.
didn, mpi khia canh; Hai la, thilc cha't qua
3. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2011),
trinh cdng nghiep boa, hien dai hda ci Viet Vin kiin Dai hdi dai bieu toin qud'c lan
Nam hien nay la qua trinh edng nghiep thd XII, Nxb. Chinh tri qud'e gia, Ha Npi.
hda, bien dai hda "rut ngan" nhUng ben
4. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2016),
vflng; Ba la, cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda Vin kiin Dai hpi dai bieu toan qud'c lin
trong dieu kien phat trien kinh te thi thd XII, Nxb. Chinh tri qud'c gia, Ha Npi.
trUdng dinh hUdng xa hpi chii ngMa; Bd'n
5. Hd Chi Minh (1996), Toan tip, tap
la, cdng nghiep hda. Men dai boa trong xu 10, Nxb. Chinh tri qud'e gia. Ha Npi.
the toan cdu boa kinh te va hpi nhap qud'c
6. V.I.Lenin (1977), Toan tip, tip 38,
te; Nam la, edng nghiep hoa. Men dai hda
Nxb. Tien bp, Matxcdva.
gdn vdi kinh te tri thfle trong bd'i canh
7. V.I. LeMn tdan tap (1979), Toan tip,
each mang 4.0; Sau la, cdng nghiep hda,
tap 42, Nxb. Tien bp, Matxcdva.
Men dai hda la sU nghiep cua toan dan,
ciia ta't ca cac dan tpc anh em; Bay li,
quan diem, nhin dinh cua Dang Cpng san " " Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai hgi
Viet Nam ve cdng nghiip hda, hien dai dai bieu toan quoc lan thti XII, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc
gia, H a N 6 i , tr.89.
Q]

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI

SO 7-2019