Nguồn vốn vật chất và xã hội của các hộ gia đình ở xã thới bình (huyện thới bình, tỉnh cà mau

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•, , Sir P H ^ M T P H O CHI MINH

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HO CHl MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE

ISSN'
KHOA HOC XA HQi VA N H A N VAN
SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
1859-3100 T?p 16, 56 5(2019): 121-130
Vol 16, No. 5 (2019)-121-130
Email. : Website. http://tckh hcmue.edu.vn

NGUON V 6 N VAT CHAT VA XA H O I CUA CAC H O GIA DINH

d XA THOa BINH (HUYEN THOI BINH, TINH CA MAU)
Huynh Pham DungPhdt'', Kim Hdi Van^
Khoa Dia li- Tiirdiig Bai hoc Su pham Thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh
THPT chuyen Hodng Le Kha - Tdy Ninh
* Tdc gid lien he: Huynh Pham Diing Phdt - Email: hpdphat@hcmue edu.vn
Ngaynh$nb^i. 27-02-2019. ngay nhan bai su-a-11-3-2019, ng^y duyet dang. 1B-4-2019

TOM TAT
Trong giai doan 2000-2015, nguon von vdt chdt vd vdn xd hoi cua cdc ho gia dinh a xd Thai
Binh (huyen Thdi Binh, tinh Cd Mau) da cd sy: thay ddi theo hudng tich cue. Ti le hg cd nhd a Men
CO, bdn kien co, cd phuang tien di lgi chinh bdng xe mdy, d to; cd cdc do dung ldu ben deu tang
Moi quan he giira cdc ho vdi ho hdng, hdng xdm ngdy cdng phdt trien vd sd ngudi tham gia cdc td
chuc chinh tri - xa hgi cUng duac ndng cao. Bdi viet gidi thieu ve su bien ddi ngudn vdn vdt chdt vd
vdn xd hgi ciia cdc hg gia dinh dxd Thdi Binh giai dogn 2000-2015 dua trin kit qud khdo sdt 125
chu hg vd phong vdn 20 chii hg, tit- do de xudt mdt sd gidi phdp phdt trien hai ngudn von ndy trong
thdi gian tdi.
Tie khda: hg gia dinh, nguon von vat chat, nguon von xa hgi, xa Thdi Binh.
1.

Dat van de

Nguon von sinh kg la thanh phan quan trgng trong sinh kg. Nguon von sinh kg gom 5

thanh to la con ngudi, tu nhien, tai chinh, vat chat va xa hgi; trong do, von vat chat va xa
hgi la hai nguon von phan anh ddi song vat chat va mang ludi xa hgi, chuan muc, sy tin
cay trong xa hgi cua hg gia dinh. Theo dinh nghia cua Bg Phat trign Quoc te Vuong quoc
Anh: "Von vat chat bao gom ca sd ha tang ca ban va hang hoa vat chat nham ho trg viec
thyc hien cac boat dgng sinh kg. Ngudn von vat chat the hien d ca cap ca sd cong dong hay
cap hg gia dinh. Trgn goc do egng dong, do chinh la co sd ha tang nham ho trg cho sinh kg
ciia cong dong hay ca nhan gom he thong dien, dudng, trudng tram, he thong cap nude va
ve sinh moi trudng, he thong tudi tieu va he thong chg. 0 goc do hg gia dinh, von vat chat
la trang thiet bi san xuat nhu may moc, dung cu san xuat, nha xudng hay cac tai san nham
phuc vu nhu cau cugc song hang ngay nhu nha cira va thiet bi sinh boat gia dinh" (DFID,
2001). Vg von xa hgi, theo Coleman (1990): "Von xa hgi gom nhirng dac tnmg trong ddi
song xa hgi nhu sau: cac mang ludi xa hgi, cac chuan myc va sy tin cay trong xa hgi - la
nhirng cai giiip cho thanh vien co the hanh dgng chung vdi nhau mgt each co hieu qua
nham dat dgn muc tieu chung".
Xa Thdi Binh nam d phia Tay Nam huyen Thdi Binh, tinh Ca Mau, tigp giap vdi th;
b-an Thdi Binh, la mgt trong nhirng xa co vi tri dac biet quan trgng trong phat trign kinh te
121


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM

- xa hgi cua huyen. Nam 2015, dien tich bJ nhien ciia toan xa la 10.109,4 ha vdi 4035 hg
gia dinh va 17.374 nhan khdu. Hoat dgng kinh tg chinh cua hdu hgt cac hg gia dinh d dia
phucmg la nong nghiep. Gia tri san xudt xudt nong nghiep cua xa vao nam 2015 la 7651, /
ti ddng (Chi cyc Th6ng kg huyen Thdi Binh, 2016). Hien nay, ciing vdi sy phat trien kmh
tg - xa hgi cua dia phuang thi ngudn v6n vat chdt va xa hgi co sy thay doi theo hudng ngay
cang tang. Viec nghign ciiu ngu6n v6n vat chdt va xa hgi co y nghia quan trgng trong dinh
hudng phat trien hai nguon von nay noi rieng ciing nhu dinh hudng phat trign kinh te - xa

hgi noi chung d dia phuang.
Bai viet chi tap tmng phan tich mgt so ngi dung chinh ve von vat chat va von xa hgi
phd bign co d xa Thdi Binh. Vg v6n vat chdt la nha d, phucmg tien di lai va do diing lau
bgn; vg von xa hgi la moi quan he cua hg vdi hg hang, lang xora va vdi cac to ehiic chmh
tri - xa hgi trong giai doan 2000-2015.
2.
Tong quan nghien curu, cc sd dir lieu va phirong phap nghien eiiu
2.1. Tong quan nghien ciru
Cac nghien ciiu ve von vat chat dign hmh co the kg: Vdn vgt chdt vd phdt triin kinh
ti d Viet Nam (Eric & Tam, 2012), nghign ciiu da su dyng so lieu tir cac nganh kinh te de
phan tich tac dgng ciia von vat chat doi vdi tang trudng kinh tg d Viet Nam. Sustainable
livelihoods guidance sheets (DFID, 2001) da gidi thieu khung phan tich sinh ke ben vimg,
dua ra khai niem dong thdi phan tich vai tro eua timg ngudn von sinh ke, trong do co
nguon von xa hgi va chi ra phuong thiic khai thac va phat trien sinh kg ben vdng.
Cae nghign cim ve von xa hgi, dien hinh co the ke den la Social Capital in the
Creation of Human Capital (Coleman, 1988), bai bao da trinh bay kha cu thg cac ngi dung:
khai niem von xa hgi va nguon nhan lyc, cac hinh thiic ciia von xa hgi, vai trd eiia von xa
hgi trong viec tao ra nguon nhan lyc. Bai bao Tim hieu khdi niem vdn xd hoi (Tran Hiru
Quang, 2006) ciing da he thong boa cac khai niem ve nguon von xa hgi, phan tich cac kich
thudc van hoa va dinh chg cua von xa hgi. Bai bao Vdn xd hdi, mgng luai xa hoi vd nhirng
phi tdn (Hoang Ba Thinh, 2009) ciing da gidi thieu mgt so quan niem vg von xa hgi ciia
mgt so to chirc, ca nhan: Pierre Bourdieu, Jame Coleman, Ngan hang The gidi, Putnam va
Fukuyama; qua do, tae gia da dua ra quan niem vg mang ludi xa hgi; phan tich cdu tnic,
chiic nang cua von xa hgi, nhimg phi ton dg duy tri von xa hgi va mang ludi xa hgi.
Cac nghien cim noi trgn da cung cap cho chimg toi mgt so vdn de li luan vg v6n vat
chat va von xa hgi: cae khai niem ea ban, tinh chat, dac diem, ngi dung va vai tro ciia v6n
vat chat va von xa hgi doi vdi sinh ke ciia cac hg noi rigng va doi vdi phat trign kinh tg - xa
hgi noi chung.
2.2. Ca sd du lieu vd phuang phdp nghien cuu
Chimg toi tien hanh khao sat thong tin ve nguon von vat chat va von xa hgi cua cac

hg gia dinh d xa Thdi Binh vdi hai moc thdi gian nam 2000 va 2015 de co cir lieu so sanh
sy thay ddi ciia hai ngudn von d hai thdi digra khac nhau trong cimg mgt hg. Thong tin do
122


"-rLFdng DHSP TPHCM

Huynh Phdm Dung Phdt va tgk

chinh chu hg cung cdp thong qua hinh thiic dieu tra bang bang hoi va phong van sau.
Trong do, bang hoi dugc xay dyng co ngi dung lien quan den nghien ciiu doi vdi 125 chu
hg dai dien cho 3% tdng so hg d xa (125 trong 4035 hg), phdng van sau 20 chii hg. So hg
dugc dieu tra trgn dia ban II ap (tic ap 1 dgn ap 11).
3.
Ket qua nghien ciiu
3.L Nguon von vat chdt
Nhd dt
Giai doan 2000-2015, tinh trang nha d cua cac hg gia dinh dugc khao sat d xa Thdi
Binh CO sy thay doi theo hudng tich cyc. Chi trong vong 5 nam, nha kien co tang 24 can;
nha ban kien co tang 26 can; nha thieu kien co giam 14 can va nha dcm so giam 36 can
(xem Bang 1). Day la tin hieu dang mimg, thg hien sy cai thien trong ddi song vat chat cua
cac hg d dia phuang.
Bang 1. Tinh trgng nhd a phdn theo logi nhd cua cdc ho gia dinh a xd Thdi Binh
(huyen Thai Binh, tinh Cd Mau) giai dogn 2000-2015
Loai nha cf
2000
2015

So lucmg (ho)
Ti le (%)

So lucmg (ho)
Ti le (%)

Tong so

Nha
kien co

Nha ban
Iden CO

Nha thieu
kien co

Nha
don so'

125
100
125
100

16
12,8
40
32

18
14,4
44

35,2

41
32,8
27
21,6

50
40
14
11,2

(Kit qud khdo sdt cua nhdm tdc gid)
Theo phong van, nha d ngay duge cai thien la do thu nhap cua ngudi dan tang, sd
tign tich liiy ngay cang nhigu. Nam 2000, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi d xa Thdi Binh la
10,9 trieu dong/nam, den nam 2015 la 25,6 trieu dong/nam, tang 14,7 trieu dong (Chi cue
Thong ke huyen Thdi Binh, 2016). Ngoai ra, cac hg con vay tien tu hg hang, hang xom,
ngan hang, to chiic chinh tri - xa hgi de xay mdi hoac sira chira nha. Ben canh do, trong
nhung nam gan day, huyen Thdi Binh luon quan tam dgn cong tac ho trg cac hg gia dinh,
dac biet la eac hg chinh sach, hg ngheo. Theo Chi cue Thdng ke huyen Thdi Binh, nam
2015, huyen da huy dgng Quy den an dap nghia xay dyng dugc 35 can nha tinh nghia (Chi
cue Thong ke huyen Thdi Binh, 2016).
Phuang tien di lai:
Bang 2 cho thay phuong tien di lai ciia ngirdi dan co sy thay doi kha dang ke trong
giai doan 2000-2015. Cac phuong tien tmygn thong, gian don dugc thay the bdi cac
phuang tien co gia hi, tien lgi hon, nhanh hon. Nam 2000, cac hg chii yeu di lai bang
xu6ng/v6 lai vdi 101/125 hg, chigm den 87,8%, nhung den nam 2015 phuong tien nay
giam xudng chi con 16 hg vdi 13,1%. Ti trgng xe dap giam tir 3,5% xuong 1,6%, giam
1,9%. Xe may la phuang tien di lai co gia tri, pho bien va tien lgi nen ti trgng tang dang ke
- tir 8,7% nam 2000 len 81,1% nam 2015. Trong cac phuang tien dl lai, xe 6 to co so lugng

123


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Trifgng BHSP TPHCM

hp sir dung thap - trong vong muoi lam nam chi tang 4 ho (tir 0 ho len 5 ho) (xem Bang 2).
Nguyen nhan do gia thanh xe 6 to dit, chii yiu la cac hp kinh doanh sit diing; he th6ng cac
duong giao thong a cac huyen, xa chua thuan tien cho phuang tien nay Imt thong.
Bang 2. Phumig tien di lai chinh cita cdc hq gia dinh & xd Thai Binh
(Jmyen Th&i Binh. linh Cd Mau giai doan 2000-2015
Phirong tien di lai
2000

S6to™g(h6)
Ca cau (%)

2015

^° '""'"^ '''^'
Co cau {%)

TSng so
*
125
100
125
100

"°"^
Xe dap

,
Xe 6 to
Volai
may
10
0
4
101
8,7
0
87,8
3,5
5
99
16
2
4
81,1
13,1
1,6
(Kit qud khdo sdt cua nhdm tdc gid)

Do diing ldu bin:
Giai doan 2000-2015, ti le dd diing lau bgn d cac hg dugc khao sat tang dang kg.
Trong do, heu bieu la may vi tinh/may tinh xach tay tang tir 1,6% Ign 36,8%, tang 23 lan,
may giat ciing tang hon 15 lan. Ngoai ra, eac dd diing nhu tivi, hi lanh, sofa/bg ban ghg, tii
(til thd, tii tivi...) ciing idn lugt tang 2,5 lan, 6,8 idn, 2,1 idn va 2,3 idn. Nguyen nhan lam
cho ti le eac do diing tang la do thu nhap tang, cac thiet bi ngu trgn la rat can thiet de phuc
vu nhu cau sinh boat trong gia dinh va mgt phan la do gia thanh re ban so vdi trudc day.
Bang 3 cho thay eac do dimg tuy ti le tang cao nhung so lugng van chua nhigu: so hg

CO may vi tinh/may tinh xach tay, may giat van con thap. Nam 2015, may giat la 17/125 hg
va may vi tinh/may tinh xach tay 46/125 hg. Nguygn nhan la do may vi tinh/may tinh xach
tay chu yeu duge mua sam d cac hg co con em hgc tmng cap, eao dang trd Ign hoae lam
nhan vign van phong; da so hg d khu vuc nong thon van con thoi quen giat do bang tay,
mgt so it hg khong mua may giat vi chua co digu kien. Tii lanh dugc cac hg dau tu nhieu
do thigt bi nay giiip sinh boat hang ngay thuan lgi hem.
Bdng 3. Dd diing ldu bin cua cdc ho gia dinh dxd Thdi Binh
(liuyen Thdi Binh, tinh Cd Man) giai dogn 2000-2015

D 6 dung lau bSn

Tivi

^ \
lanh

'"*''
giat

Bo
soWho
lofa/ho
^, ghe
_^\
ban

Tii (tii
t'hfr'iii
thiy,
tii

. . ^
tivi..)

So lucmg (ho)
Tile(%)
S61umig(h6)

50
40
125

17
13,6
116

1
0,8
17

44
35,2
92

52
41,6
120

100

92,8

13,6

2000
2015

. ov . '

Tile(%)

May vi
"'"'"•"*>'
tinh xach
tay
2
1,6
46
.to

73,6
96
36,8
(Kei qud Ichdo sdt ciia nhom tdc eid)


"ru-dng DHSP TPHCM

Huynh Pham Ddng Phdt vd tgk

Ti le cac dd diing ISu ben tang nhd sy thay doi cong nghe san xuat, gia ca hgp li va

xu hudng tieu diing cua ngudi dan. Thdi diem nam 2000, ngudi dan mua sam theo hudng
an chac mac bgn, nhung dgn nay chu yeu mua nhirng san pham co mau ma va cdng nghe
san xuat mdi. Bgn canh do, sy phat trien cua hinh thiic mua hang tra gop ciing gop phan
lam tang ti le cac do diing lau bgn.
3.2. Nguon von xd hpi
Doi vdi nguon von xa hgi, viec xay dyng cac moi quan he xa hgi rat can thiet, giiip
cac thanh vign trong hg co thg tim dugc viec lam, tao co hgi cho hg hgc tap cac mo hinh
mdi trong san xuat kinh doanh va dugc ho trg nguon von.
Mdi quan he giira cdc ho voi hp hdng:
Giai doan 2000-2015, so hg gia dinh cd hg hang sinh song d cimg dia phuang tang tii'
95 hg len 113 hg, tang 18 hg. Quan he ciia cac hg vdi hg hang khong chi gan bo trong san
xuat ma cdn trong cugc song sinh boat hang ngay vdi nhigu hinh thirc khac nhau. Day la
dieu rat tich cyc, mang lai y nghia cho ca hg va hg hang.
+ Cac hinh thiic the hien moi lign he xa hgi giira hg va hg hang thong qua eac boat
dgng: phu dam cudi, dam gio, tang ma; thara hoi dm dau va phu giir, cham soc con.
Hinh thiic co ti le tang nhigu nhat la phu dam cudi, dam gio, tang ma tang tic 33,9%
Ign 55,3%, tang 21,4%. Khi cac hg co dara cudi, dam gio hay dam tang thi hg hang thudng
den phu giiip mgt so cong viec nhu dung rap, lam heo, nau an, rira chen va chay ban. Sau
khi ket thiic dam tiec, chu hg thudng dgn timg nha hg hang de gici ldi cam on va qua banh.
Hinh thirc tham hoi 6m dau cd xu hudng tang nhe vdi 1,8%. Moi khi co thanh vign trong
hg bi 6m dau, hg hang hay sang nha hoac den benh vien de tham hoi ve tinh hinh sire khoe
va giiip dd, ho trg, nhu: trdng coi nha, cho mugn hoac vay tign de chira benh.
Hinh thiic nhd hg hang phu giir, cham soc con, giam tir 50,8% xuong con 27,6%,
giam 23,2%. Hien nay, d khu vyc nong thon, he thong giao due mam non phat trien nen
cac hg gia dinh gui con dgn nha tre, trudng mau giao ngay cang tang.
Bdng 4. Mdi liin he xd hdi giua cdc hd gia dinh vd ho hdng d xa Thdi Binh
(huyen Thdi Binh, tinh Cd Mau) giai dogn 2000-2015
Niiii
2000
2015

Phu dam cudi, dam gio, dam tang
Tham hoi 6m dau
Phu gm, cham soc con
Tong s6

So lucmg (hp)
Co cau (%)
So lupng (hp)
Co cau (%)
So luong (ho)
Co cau (%)
So lu-ffng (hp)
Co- cau (%)

9
15,3
20
33,9
30
50,8
59
100

13
17,1
42
55,3
21
27,6
76

100

(Ket qud khdo sdt cua nhom tdc gid)

125


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru'dng DHSP TPHCM
+ Tuong tu nhu mdi lien he xa hgi, sd hg co lien he vdi hg hang vg mat kinh tg cung
tang 18 hg, hr 52 hg Ign 70 hg. Cac hg va hg hang lien kgt vdi nhau vg mat kinh tg the hien
bang nhigu hinh thiic khac nhau nhu: eho vay mugn ti8n, hgp tac trong san xuat nong
nghiep, tigu thii cong nghiep, kmh doanh dich vu va thug lam lao dgng. Moi lien he ve khoh
tg giiia hg va hg hang d dia phuang con thigu su bgn chat ngn ngoai trir hinh thiic cho vay
mugn tign co ti trgng cao va tang nhigu (gdn 30%), xu hudng chung eua cac hinh thuc hgp
tae trong san xuat tai dia phuong la giam. Cy th8, hgp tac trong san xuat nong nghiep giam
hi 7,7% nam 2000 xudng 1,4% nam 2015, giam 6,3%; san xudt tigu thu cong nghiep giam
1,9%; kinh doanh dich vu giam 2,4% (hr 3,8% xudng 1,4%); thug lao dgng giam 18,9% (hr
34,6% xudng 15,7%) (xem Bang 5). Nguyen nhan la do di cu lao dgng dgn cac tinh khac,
do khdng can von lara an, do phan chia lgi nhuan khi hgp tac...
Tign vay mugn tir hg hang dugc cac hg su dung vao myc dich dau tu san xuat nong
nghiep, xay mdi hoac siia chira nha, cho con di hgc va chi eac viec phat sinh trong gia
dinh. So tign cac hg vay mugn thudng thap va phai tra sdm vi tign hg hang eho hg vay
mugn chii yeu la tien von dung de dau tu tai san xuat. Ve lai suat, hg hang cho hg vay vdi
lai suat rat thap hoac tham chi khong lay lai.
Trong san xuat nong nghiep, hg hgp tac vdi hg hang thdng qua viec him vdn thue
trdng Ilia; nudi tdm, cua va ca; trao doi ngay cong d cac khau cua trong Iiia nhu lam dat,
gieo ma, cay va gat liia de hoan thanh cac cong viec va giam chi phi. Ngoai ra, hg con
hgp tac vdi hg hang trong san xuat tieu thu cong nghiep nhung chiem ti trgng rat thap,
nam 2015 la 0% do cac hg san xuat chieu ngay cang bi thu hep thi tmdng dan den khong
thg ton tai.

Ti le hg va hg hang hgp tac trong kinh doanh dich vu giam la do cac hg co dii ngudn
von de dau tu hoac gap rac rdi trong viec phan chia lgi nhuan, quyen quygt dinh cac van de
phat sinh ngn nen muon kinh doanh rigng.
Ddi vdi viec thug hg hang lam lao dgng, ciing vdi xu hudng di cu cua huyen Thdi
Binh noi chung, lao dgng cua cac gia dinh dugc khao sat d xa Thdi Binh ciing di cu dgn
cac tinh thanh khac dg lam viec (Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh 36,7%, Binh Duong 26,6%...);
vi vay, viee thug lao dgng d dia phuong la dieu rdt kho khan. Cae hg thug Iao dgng la do
gia dinh khong co nhan lyc hoac lao dgng la cong chirc, vien chiic. (3 xa Thdi Binh, cac hg
chii yeu thue hg hang lam viec d ITnh vyc ndng nghiep, tigu thii cdng nghiep va dich vu.
Trong nong nghiep, hg thue lam cae cong viec dao dat, xdi dat, nhd ma, cdy lua va gat liia
la ehii yeu.


rydng DHSP TPHCM

Huynh Phdm Ddng Phdt vd tgk

Bdng 5. Moi liin hi kinh ti giira cdc ho gia dinh vd ho hdng dxd Thdi Binh
(huyen Thai Binh, tinh Cd Mau) giai dogn 2000-2015
Niiii
Hgp tac trong san xuat nong nghiep
Hgp tac trong san xuat tieu thii cong nghiep

2000

2015

So luang (hp)

4

1

Co cau (%)
So lupng (hp)

7,7
1

1,4
0

Co cau (%)

1,9

0

So lupng (hp)
1
2
Hgp tac trong kinh doanh dich vu
Co cau (%)
3,8
1,4
So lupng (hp)
18
11
Thue lam lao dgng
Co cau (%)

15,7
34,6
So lupng (hp)
27
57
Cho vay mugn tien
Co cau (%)
81,4
51,9
52
So lupng (ho)
70
Tong so
100
100
Co- can (%)
\^u tau \~,
(Kit qud khdo sdt cda nhdm tdc gid)
+ Mice do tiep xiic la mgt trong nhirng tieu chi quan trgng dg danh gia moi quan he giiia
cac hg va hg hang. Giai doan 2000-2015, muc do tigp xuc co sy bien ddi theo hudng tich
cue, tang ti trgng mice rat thudng xuyen, thucmg xuygn, dong giam eac miic binh thudng, it
tigp xiic va rat It tigp xiic. Trong do, muc do rat thucmg xuygn tang 12% va thudng xuygn
8% (xem Bang 6). Dieu nay eho thay, su tin cay giua hg vdi cac moi quan he trong xa hgi
ngay cang nang cao.
Mac dil giam nhung den nam 2015 van con 2 hg rat it tigp xiic vdi hg hang do co
nhiing mau thuan, xich mich tic nhung viec nho nhat trong cugc sdng nhu: tranh chap ldi
di, vat nudi quay pha, con nhd tranh cai... dan den mat di tinh than thigt.
Bdng 6. Muc dp tiep xuc giira cdc hd gia dinh vdi hdng xdm a xd Thdi Binh
(liuyen Thai Binh, tinh Cd Mau) giai dogn 2000-2015
Miic do tilp xuc

2000
2015
16
31
Rat thuang xuyen
So lugng (hg)
12,8
24,8
(12-14 idn/mdn)
Co cdu (%)
59
69
Thudng xuyen
Sd lugng(hg)
47,2
55,2
(tir 9 -11 idn/Uidn)
Co cdu (%)
30
18
Binh thudng
So lugng (hg)
14,4
24
(6-8 idn/tudn)
Co cdu (%)
5
13
It tiep xiic
So lugng (hg)

10,4
4,0
(3-5 lan/tuan)
Co cau (%)
2
7
Rat it tiep xiic
So lugng (hg)
5,6
1,6
(0-2 idn/tudn)
Co cdu (%)
(Kit qud khdo sdt ciia nhom tdc gid)
127


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM
Moi quan hi cua cdc ho vdi cdc td chuc chinh tri - xd hpi
Trong raudi lara nara, sd hg tham gia vao cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hgi co xu huoTig
tang cao. Nam 2000 cd 35 hg, dgn nam 2015 tang Ign 75 hg, tang 40 hg. Cac hg ddng thdi
tham gia vao nhieu to chiic khae nhau va tmng binh mdi hg tham gia 2 td chuc. Trong do,
chu ygu cac hg tham gia vao Hgi Lign hiep Phu nir vdi 53,1%. Ti frgng ciia cac to chirc Hgi
Ndng dan, Hgi Cyu chign binh va cac td chuc khac idn lugt la 27,9%, 4,8%, 14,2%.
Khi tham gia vao cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hgi, ngoai viec dugc hge tap cac md hinh
san xuat, kinh doanh mdi, hgc hoi kinh nghiera, cac hg con dugc ho trg tign von de dau tu
san xuat, kinh doanh. Nam 2015, khao sat cho thdy trong tdng sd 27 bo vay v6n tin dung,
cd 4 hg vay vdn tir cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hgi, chiem gan 15%.
Khao sat thyc te tai dia phuong cho thay, cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hgi da chii trgng
quan tam nhieu mat cbo cac hd tham gia: Hgi Lien hiep Phu nii huyen ludn quan tam, giup
do hgi vien ca trong ddi sdng va san xuat: Nhigu phu nii d dia phuang vucm len thoat

ngheo thdng qua cac chucmg trinh hu gao tinh thucmg; 5 khdng, 3 sach; mua bao hiem cho
hgi vign; nudi heo dat. Hgi Ndng dan huyen ludn tao digu kien de hdi vien cd co hgi tim
hieu, tap huan va chuygn giao cac ki thuat mdi trong san xuat ndng nghiep. Hgi da mdi cac
cac kl su chuygn nganh ndng nghiep ciia Tm'cmg Dai hgc Can Tho ve tap huan kT thuat
nudi tdm, ca; mdi kT su Tmng tam Khuyen ndng tinh Ca Mau dgn tap huan va chuyen giao
kl thuat trdng liia, trdng hoa mau. Ngoai ra, hang nam cdn td chii'c bdi dudng kT thuat
khuygn ndng, khuygn ngu cho nong dan. Ddi vdi cac cyu chien binh, hg ludn dugc Hdi
Cyu chign binh huyen Thdi Binh hd trg de phat trien kinh te, giam ngheo bgn vung, nang
eao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than. Hgi thudng xuygn phoi hgp vdi cac cap nganh td chirc
boi dudng, tap huan chuyen giao kT thuat, khuygn nong, khuygn lam, khuygn ngu; phat
ddng phong trao cyu chien binh tiet kiem, ddng gdp xay dyng quy ho trg "Xda nha dot
nat" cho cyu chign binh cd hoan canh kho khan. Hgi cung da xay dimg va nhan rgng nhigu
md hinh san xuat cd hieu qua nhu md hinh liia - tdm, lua - tdm cang xanh; md hinh nudi le
le, ran ri tugng.
4.
Ket luan va de xuat
4.1. Kit luan
Giai doan 2000-2015, ngudn vdn vat chat ciia cac hg gia dinh d xa Thdi Binh co sy
thay ddi theo hudng tich cue, tuy tdc do van con chara. Tl le nha d kign cd va ban kien ed
nang len mice kha. Sd hg co phucmg tien di lai la xe may, xe 6 td tang, song xe d td vin con
ban chg. Da sd cac do diing lau ben deu tang ti le, tang nhanh nhdt la may vi tinh/may tinh
xach tay.
Vg ngudn vdn xa bgi, ti le hd co mdi lien he vdi hg bang vg xa hdi va kinh tg kha dn
dinh. Mice do tigp xiic giira cae hd dien ra thudng xuyen, tinh cd ket cdng ddng cao- tuy
nhign van con xay ra mau thuan vdi hg hang d mgt sd it hg. Sd hg thara gia vao cac td chirc


"'ru-dng DHSP TPHCM

Huynh Phdm Dung Phdt vd tgk

chinh t r i - x a hdi d miic tuang ddi. Cac td chiic kinh te - xa hdi cd nhigu hinh thiic khac
nhau giiip dd cac hg gia dinh dn dinh kinh tg, nang cao ddi sdng.
Co thg thdy, ngudn vdn vat chat va ngudn vdn xa hdi cila cac hg gia dinh d xa Thdi
Binh cd xu hudng phat tridn, tuy nhien chua thuc sy manh me, nhat la lien ket kinh tg giiia
hg vdi hg hang. Digu nay cd tac ddng ddn nguon vdn tai chinh hong sinh kg thdng qua co
hdi tiep c$n viec lam ciia cac thanh vien trong hd, vay von tir cac mdi quan he xa hdi.
4.2. Di xudt mpt so giai phdp phdt triin nguon von vat chat vd xa hpi & xa Thdi Binh
(huyen Th&i Binh, tinh Cd Mau)
Tir ket qua khao sat, bai vidt dg xuat mdt sd giai phap de gdp phan phat tridn ngudn
vdn vat chat va xa hdi d xa Thdi Binh nhu sau:
Ve tiep can nguon von, huyen Thdi Binh nen khuygn khieh tao didu kien cho cac hd
gia dinh dugc tiep can vdi ngudn vdn vay uu dai dg dau tu phat trign ngudn vdn vat chdt
nhu xay dung nha d kien cd, ban kign co, mua sam phuang tien di lai phuc vu san xudt,
qua dd gop phan phat trien dn dinh ddi sdng vat chat cho ngudi dan.
Vi phdt triin giao thdng ndng thdn, nganh giao thdng va chinh quyen tinh Ca Mau
can day manh dau tu xay dyng cac tuygn dudng giao thdng dap iing phuong tien d td d luu
thdng cac huyen, xa de thuan tien cho viec van chuygn cua ngudi dan, tir do thiic day sd hg
sd hiiu d td phyc vu san xuat, kinh doanh.
Ve day mgnh chuang trinh ndng thdn mdi, chinh quyen xa Thdi Binh can sdm to
chiic hoa giai cho cac hd cd xay ra mau thuan vol nhau, ddng thdi day manh cdng tac to
chiic cac hoat dgng giao luu van hda, van nghe, the due, the thao giCca cac ap nham cung cd
mdi quan he lang gigng, tang tinh doan kgt cho ngudi dan va xay dyng mdi tmdng van hda
lanh manh d dia phuang.
Vi viec khuyin khieh hap tdc trong sdn xudt de tang ndng luc sdn xudt cua cdc hd vd
cdng ddng, nganh ndng nghiep va chinh quyen tinh Ca Mau ndn khuyen khieh eac hd gia
dinh d cac huyen, xa hgp tac xay dyng cac hgp tac xa, dau tu phat tridn the manh eiia dia
phuong nhu nudi trdng thuy san, trdng hoa mau, tien den xay dyng thuang hieu cd chi dan
dia li; tir do, giiip cac hd nang cao thu nhap va phat trien mdi quan he hgp tac ve kinh te.
Vi viec phdt trien hoi vien cdc td chirc tgi dia phuang, cae td chiie chinh tri - xa hdi

can phdi hgp vdi chinh quyen dia phuang day manh cdng tac tuygn truygn cho ngudi dan
biet quygn lgi va nghia vy khi tham gia cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi, nang cao sd lugng,
chat lugng hdi vign tham gia.

• Tuyen b6 vk quy^ Igi: Cdc tac gi^ xSc nh$n ho^n toin khdng c6 xung dQt v4 quy^n lg

129


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru'dng DHSP TPHCM

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Coleman, James S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. The American Journal
of Sociology, 94, 95-120.
Coleman, James S. (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Massachusetts: Harvard University
Press.
Chi cue Thdng ke huyen Thai Binh. (2016). Nien gidm thong ke liuyen Thdi Binh ndm 2015. Thai
Binh.
DFID (Department for International Development). (2001). Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance
Sheets. London.
Eric Iksoon Im, Vii Bang Tam. (2012). Von vat chdt va phat tri6n kinh tS d Viet Nam. Tgp chi Phdt
triin Kinh ti, 261,30-35.
Hoang Ba Thinh. (2009). V6n xa hgi, mang ludi xa hgi va nhung phi tdn. Tgp chi xa hdi hgc, 1,4251.
Trdn Huu Quang. (2006). Tim hieu khai niem von xa hgi. Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi (TPHCM).
7(95), 74-81.
THE PHYSICAL CAPITAL AI^JD THE SOCIAL CAPITAL
OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THOI BINH COMMUNE (THOI BINH DISTRICT, CA MAU PROVINCE)
Huynh Pham DungPhat^\ Kim Hai Van^
'HO Chi Minh City University ofEducation
'Hoang Le Kha High School Jor the Gifted

' Corresponding autlior: Huynh Pham Dung Phat - Email:
Received: 27/02/2019; Revised-11/3/2019;

Accepted:

18/4/2019

ABSTRACT
During the period 2000-2015, in Thoi Binh comune (Thoi Binh district, Ca Mau province),
the physical capital and the social capiat of households have changed positively. The percentage of
households with solid house, semi - solid house; main means of transportation by motorcycles,
cars; durable goods increased The relationship between households with relatives, neighbours is
increasingly developed and the number of people participating in socio — political organizations
has improved This article introduces the transformation of physical capital and social capital of
households in Thoi Binh commune (Thoi Binh district, Ca Mau province) during the period 20002015 based on survey results of 125 householders and interviewed 20 householders. Thereby, the
authors propose some measures to develop these two capita! in the next time
Keywords: household, physical capital, social capital, Thoi Binh commune.

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