Bài học lịch sử từ giá trị nhân văn trong tư tưởng phan bội châu

TRIET HOC, SO 12 (319), THANG 12 - 2017

BAI HOC LICH SU Tiir GIA TRI
NHAN VAN TRONG TUTII6NG PHAN BOI CHAU
Trinh Thi Kim Chi'
' Tiin sT, Tnrdng Djii hgc Khoa hpc XS hf i vk NbSn van Tp. Hi Chf Minh.
Emaih trinhkimchi@gmail-com
Nh|Ln ngiy 20 thdng 8 nam 2017. Chdp nh§n dSng ngiy 25 thing 11 nam 2017.
Tom tat: Gia trj nhdn van la mft trong nhdng gia trj d$c sdc va nii bdt trong tu tudng Phan Bfi
Chau. No khdng chi anh hudng to Ion dii vdi xa hgi Vift Nam cuii thi 1^ XIX - dau thi ky XX,
ma con cd y nghTa va la bai hpc ljch sd bo ich, thiit thyc dii vdi thyc tiin xa hpi Viet Nam hi^n
nay. Do la bai hpc lay Ipi (ch ciia nhan dan va dan tpe ldm myc ti8u tii cao; bai hpc di cao, phat
huy hi?u qud vai trd eua nhan ti con ngudi, eua nhan dan va bai hpc quan tam giao dye, phat triin,
hoan thi?n con ngudi, phyc vy ddc lye cho cdng cuOc dii mdi ddt nude va sy nghi?p xay dyng, bao
v? To qudc hi^n nay.
Tir khoa: Tu tudng Phan Bpi Chdu, bai hpc lich su, gia trj nhdn vdn.
MOt trong nhihig nhd ehinh tri, nhd vdn
hda va nha tu tudng ldn ciia Viet Nam giai
dogn cudi the ky XIX - ddu the ky XX Id
Phan Bdi Chau. Ndi bat va xuyen suit trong
tu tudng eua dng la gia trj nhdn vdn, ma cdt
ldi la khat vpng va Iy tudng gidi phdng cho
nhdn ddn vd ddn tpe Vidt Nam. Vi thi, Phan
B0i Chdu da dupe Hd Chi Minh coi la "bac
anh himg, vi thien su, dang xa than vi ddc
lap, dugc hai muoi trieu con ngudi trong
vdng nd le tdn siing" [13,tr.l72].
Nhiing quan diem the hipn gid trj nhan
van trong tu tudng Phan Bpi Chau duac
hinh thanh vd phdt trien khdng phdi mpt
cdeh ngau nhiSn, md chinh Id su phdn anh

nhihig ddc diim, yeu edu bdc thiet cvia xa
hpi Vipt Nam vd boi ednh the gidi eudi the
ky XDC - ddu thi ky XX. Dd Id sy xdm lupc
va nd dich eua chu nghla tu ban vdi nhdn
ddn lao ddng d cdc nude chinh qudc va cdc
nude thude dia; do cdn la sy cai tri, dp bdc,
bdc lot eua ehe dp thuc ddn phong kien ddi
vdi ngudi ddn Viit Nam vd do v|y, vdn d i

gidnh lai quyen vd gia tri chdn chinh cfia
con ngudi, yeu cau gidi phdng con ngudi,
gidi phdng cac ddn tdc trSn thi gidi, eiing
nhu gidi phdng nhdn ddn va dan tpe Viet
Nam trd thdnh nhiing ddi hdi cdp thi8t.
Vdi tu each mpt hinh thdi y thde xd hOi,
nhihig quan diem the hien gid tri nhan vdn
trong tu tudng eda Phan Bpi Chau khdng
ndy sinh tren mdnh ddt tring, ma nd Id sy
tiep thu, ke thda nhdng tiin d i tu tudng
trade dd. Dd la long yeu nude, y ehi doe lap
vd tu eudng ddn tdc, id tinh thdn dodn kit,
CO kit eong dong vd long nhdn di, v/ tha,
khoan dung thdm dupm tinh nhan vdn trong
tmydn thing van hda Vipt Nam. Dd cdn la
quan diim ve dao ly ldm ngudi qua thuyet
"Tam euang, ngU thudng", vdi cdc chudn
mifc dgo due ca bdn eda con ngudi eua
Nho gido, cung nhu quan diem "dgi tie dgi
bi, chiing sinh binh ddng" ciia Phdt gido vd
quan diim "di nhdn nhu ky" eiia dgo Gia

td. Phan BOi Chdu cho rang, xua nay, cac vi
thdnh truyin d^o, tuy tdng thong khdc nhau,


BAI HQC H C H

s i r T C GIA TRI

NHANVAN..

ly lu|n khdc nhau, song xet v i npi dung,
ngodi chd "nhan" ra, khdng ai cd dao ly gi
khde. Bgi tit dgi bi, chiing sinh binh ddng
eua Ph|t Thich Ca; hay yeu ngudi nhu
minh, xem thii nhu bgn ciia Chda Giesu
eiing deu mang -^ nghia eda chd "nhdn"
[Xem: 7, tr.37]. Dd cdn Id tu tudng eua Tdn
thu, Tdn vdn, tu tudng "dai ding" eua
Khang Hdu Vi, tu tudng canh tan eua
Luang Khdi Sidu, quan diem cdeh m ^ g ,
tiin bp trong "tam dan ehd nghia" ciia Tdn
Trung Son. Khdng nhdng the, Phan BOi Chdu
cdn ehiu anh hudng vd tiip thu cd tinh than
nhdn van ddc sdc trong tu tudng vd vdn hda
phuang Tay - do Id quan diim tiin bO vi xa
hOi vd con ngudi, nhu vdn d i bdn tinh, vai
trd vd vi tri eua con ngudi, tiin hda ludn vd
vdn de nhdn quyin, ddn ehu, doe Igp, t{r do,
binh ddng, bdc di... ciia Platon, Aristole,
RDescartes, F JBacon vd J.GHdite, eua ChDarwin,

J.J.Rousseau vd eua Ch.L.Montesquieu.
Phan Bpi Chdu cung da tiep thu cdc hpc
thuyet chinh tri - xS hdi eda Th.More,
Ch.Fourier va Saint Simon - nhiing "ti td
cioa chd nghia xa hdi d chau Au" [6, tr.l39].
D§e bipt, nhiing quan diim thi hipn gid
tri nhan van trong tu tudng eda Phan Bdi
Chau dd bude ddu chiu dnh hudng tinh than
nhdn vdn ciia chii nghia Mdc - Lenin, trong
dd ed vdn de ca ban vd myc dich mang tinh
nhdn van cao dpp Id vdn de gidi phdng eon
ngudi, muu edu tu do, hgnh phue cho mgi
ngudi. Phan Bpi Chdu viet: "Chd nghia xa
hdi Id mOt chd nghia muon cho tdt ca Iodi
ngudi ai ai eiing dupe ty do vd hanh phiic.
Myc dich eua chu nghia xd hOi tdm tdt chi
cd bdy nhiSu thdi" [6, tr.l32].

eho cdu hdi eon ngudi c6 vi tri vd vai trd gi
trong thi gidi? C^n ngudi ed quan he nhu
the ndo \&i trdi ddt, van vdt va vdi con
ngudi trong xd hpi? Td dd di tdi d i cao bdn
chat, gid tri, nhan cdeh va quyin eua eon
ngudi, khdng djnh "eon ngudi la gidng thdn
linh d trong van v|t, md eiing ed the gpi la
mOt v|t tdn tradng trong van vat" [6,
tr.l82]. De cao vai tro, gia trj eon ngudi,
Phan Bpi Chdu khdng chi khdng djnh con
ngudi han hdn van vdt d bdn chat xd hOi,
ma con gdn liin bdn ehdt cao quy ay eua

eon ngudi vdi nhung quan diem xd hdi tiin
bd, nhu nhdn quyen, ddn quyen, quoc
quyen, dOc l|p, ty do, dan ehu, birih dSng
tiiieng lidng eda con ngudi ndi chung, eda
eon ngudi Vipt Nam, eua nhdn ddn vd ddn
tpe Vipt Nam noi ridng. Hai Id, quan diim
nhan di, vi tha the hien d tinh yeu thuang
ddng bdo, yeu quy vd ty hdo vd giong ndi,
Td quie, long cdm thu gide Phdp sau sac vd
tinh thdn vi tha, khoan dung vdi nhiing ke
lam ldi vd vdi ca kd thd khi hp biet dn ndn,
hdi cai. Ba Id, quan diim gido dye, phdt
trien todn dipn tri tup, nhdn edeh con ngudi,
ndng cao tinh thdn ddn tOc, ldng ydu nude
eho ngudi dan Vipt Nam, nhdm ldm cho
"dan tri md mang, ddn khi ldn m^nh, ddn
quyin phdt d^t" [2, tr.l79]. 6ng coi "gido
dye la cdi khudn ddc ngudi. Quan l^, binh
linh cung td dd md ra. Gido dye eiing la cdi
goc d i gdy dyng nin chinh tri- Thui khda,
hinh phdp, mpi sy diu do dd md dinh" [2,
tr.l84]. Bdn Id, 1^ tudng gidi phdng con
ngudi, gidi phdng nhdn ddn vd ddn tOc Vipt
Nam. Tat ca diu xudt phdt td "nguin goc,
tdn ehi dd la tinh thdn ddn tOc vd ldng yeu
nude thuang ndi" [1, tr.ll4] eua Phan BOi
Chau, vdi nhihig ddc diim noi b | t Id sy
thing nhdt ch^t chd giiia vdn hda vd chinh
tri, giua tinh dan tOc va tinh nhdn Ioai.

Gid trj nhdn vdn trong tu tudng Phan BOi'
Chau Id ting hpp cdc quan diim thi hipn
qua nhihig nOi dung ehu yiu nhu: MQI Id,
quan diem de cao vai trd, dia vi vd gid tri
con ngudi tren phuang dipn thi gidi quan
Vdi nhimg nOi dung vd ddc diim ddc
vd nhan sinh quan, chinh tri - xa hOi; trd Idi sdc, nhihig quan diem thi hipn gid tri nhdn

26


TRINH THI KIM CHI
vdn trong tu tudng eua Phan BOi Chdu
khdng ehi ldm phong phii, sdu sde, sinh
dOng npi dung tinh thdn vd gid tri nhdn vdn
eda ddn tOc Viet Nam, md edn gdp phdn
khdng dinh vai tro eda nhdn ddn, khai d|y
niem tin vd sue manh eua nhdn dan, thdc
tinh tinh thdn ddn tdc, khich lp ldng yeu
nude, nung ndu ehi cam thu gide, hun due y
ehi ehiin ddu trong nhdn ddn; Id dpng lye to
ldn "co dOng tinh thdn edch m ^ g " [13,
tr.l72] ciia quan chiing, dpng viSn va tap
hpp qudn chdng dodn kit ddng ldn ddnh
dudi giac Phap, gidnh lai dpe l|p, ty do cho
dan tOc Viet Nam.
Tuy nhien, do dieu kien Hch sd quy dinh,
ben c^inh nhihig gia tri nhan vdn tren, trong
tu tudng eua Phan Boi Chdu vdn cdn nhiing
hgn ehe nhdt dinh, nhu trong nOi dung tu

tudng eua minh, dng van con chiu anh
hudng eiia Nho gido; chua thyc sy cd mOt
the gidi quan khoa hpc de dua ra va ly giai
mdt cdeh khoa hpe quan diim v i con ngudi,
ve each meing gidi phong con ngudi, gidi
phdng ddn tOc, eiing nhu mOt s i vdn d i
khdc. Phan Bpi Chdu cdn cd su ma h i trong
viec xdc dinh luc luong ndng cdt eua each
mang vd cdn cd sy dao ddng, thda hiep, cai
luong trong chd truang va phuang phap
ddu tranh cdeh mang. Ong chu traong duy
tan dat nude, bao ddng cdeh mang de gidi
phdng ddn tOc, nhtmg cd luc dng lai xdc
dinh "khdng edn phdi dung din bgo dpng
dd mdu, chi dung each mang hda binh" [S,
tr.233]. M§c dd v|y, nhihig gia tri nhan van
trong tudng Phan Bpi Chdu van la bai hpc
lieh sd bd ieh khdng chi vdi xd hOi ViOt
Nam cuoi thi ky XIX - ddu thi k^ XX, ma
con vdi viec phat huy nhan t i con ngudi
trong cdng cupe ddi mdi vd sy nghiOp xdy
dyng, bdo vp To qude hipn nay.
Bdi hpc lich su thu nhdt rut ra td gid tri
nhdn vdn eua Phan Bpi Chdu la bdi hQc Idy
su tiin bd cm con ngudi, lay /pi ich ciia
nhdn ddn vd ddn t0c ldm m\ic tiiu cao nhdt

cho cdng cuQC ddi mdi vd syt f
dung, bdo v$ Td qude.
Trong suit cupe ddi ho^t dpng edch m^ng

vd trong todn bO nOi dung tu tudng thi hi§n
gid trj nhdn vdn eua minh, Phan BOi Chdu
ludn Idy Ipi ich eua con ngudi, Ipi ieh ciia
nhdn ddn vd dan tOc ldm mye dich; diu xudt
phdt td myc tieu cao cd Id \ i eon ngudi, vi
nhdn ddn, tren tinh than dan tpe vd ngudn
gde, tdn chi la d ldng yeu nude thuong ndi.
Phan BOi Chdu lo ldng cho nen dOc lap ciia
dan tdc bi tude doat, khd dau khi ehu quyin
eua ddt nude bi xdm pham, xdt xa cho nhdn
phdm va quyin sdng eda dan ta hi chd dap.
Trong Vi^t Nam vong qudc sii, dng viit:
"Khdng ^ dau bdng ngudi mdt nude, eiing
khdng c6 gi dau bang ngudi bi mdt nude md
ban vi$c nude!" [2, tr.31]. Ong cdm phdn ldn
an da tam thdm dpe va thu dogn tan bgo ciia
thye ddn Phdp doi vdi nhdn d§n ta, rdng: "Td
khi Phap "bao hO" nude ta din nay, chung
chiem gid hit mpi quyin lai va muin lam
sdng ai chet ai eiing dupe" [2, tr.l78],
"chdng coi ngudi ddn nude ta nhu nd le; nd
Id chua du, chiing coi nhu trdu ngya; trdu
ngua chua du, chiing coi nhu bim dat, phdn
tro. Cdi gi ed the thda dupe long hp, tang
them thu nh|p ve dat dai vd tdi nguySn cho
hp, dd cd phdi hdng ngdy ep md chdng ta, hp
eiing cd ra tay ldm, khdng chut ngan ngai"
[5, tr.27l]; "Tlian 6i! Ngudi Vidt Nam trong
khodng 30 ndm... ha ehiu ndi nhiing thd
doan dpe dc ciia ngudi Phdp nii^ chdng?

Ngdy nay chung dang ngay ngay md cdt nhu
lam thjt cd. Than di! Nude Viet Nam nhu thi
cd le sdm muOn khdng cdn sdt mOt ming
chdng?" [2, tr.47]. Chinh do v|y md dng
"ngdy dem ndm lo nghi, ruOt gan trdm mdi
hau nhu tan nat vi ddng bdo" [2, tr.254]; vd
ludn tam nipm "vl ca ddng bdo md mim cdu
h^nh phdc thi du cd hy sinh bdn than cung
khdng tiic" [4, tr.73].
Tiep thu, ke thda tinh thdn vi dan, \\
nude, thi hi^n tinh nhan vdn sdu sdc hrong

27


BAI HOC LJCH Sir Tir GIA TR| N H A N VAN..,
tmyin thing lich sd vd vdn hda Vipt Nam cdn, nhdn ddn mdt thi nude mdt" [3, d.68ndi chung, eiing nhu trong tu tudng eua 73] vd do vdy, "van menh eda nude ta do
Phan BOi Chau ndi riSng, trong qua trinh dan ta ndm giu" [5, tr.271] vd "quydn binh
Idnh dao cdeh mang Vipt Nam, nhat la trong eua nude ta Id eua chung todn ddn, do nhan
edng cude ddi mdi ddt nude hi^n nay. Dang dan quyit dinh" [3, tr.367]. Nhihig quan
Cpng sdn Viet Nam ludn xdc dinh mpt edeh diim do eda Phan Bdi Chdu thuc sy Id bai
ro rang, nhdt qudn mue dich va sd menh cao hpe bo ieh ddi vdi edng eudc dii mdi vd sy
ca eua minh. Vdn ki?n Bgi hoi dgi biiu todn nghipp xay dyng, bdo ve Td quic hiOn nay.
qude ldn thii VI eda Dang viet: "Ddng ta
Su nghipp doi mdi, phdt triin ddt nude
khdng ed mdt myc dich ndo khde Id ddu vd bao v£ dOc Idp, chd quyin, thdng nhdt va
tranh vi hanh phue eua nhdn ddn" [8, tr.29]. toan ven lanh thd d nude ta hien nay diln ra
Chinh vi thi, Ddng ta xde dinh mpi chu trong "tinh hinh the gidi va trong nude tao
tmong, dudng lii, chinh sdeh eda Dang va ra cd thdi co, thu|n lai vd khd khan, thu
Nhd nude phdi ludn hudng tdi myc dieh thdch dan xen; d|t ra nhieu vdn de mdi, yeu

duy nhat la "tdt ca vi con ngudi, tdt cd vi tu edu mdi to ldn, phdc tap hon...". Tren thi
do, hanh phiic va sy phdt trien phong phu gi&i, nhu D^i hOi XII eua Dang da chi ro,
vd todn diSn cho moi ngudi trong quan he trong nhiing nam tdi, tinh hinh se edn nhiiu
hai hda giua ca nhan va cdng dong, giua xa dien biin phdc tap, nhung hda binh, dOe lap
hOi vd tu nhien" [10, tr.lO]. Tiep tye khang ddn tOc, ddn chu, hpp tde vd phdt trien vdn
dinh vd phdt triin tu tudng do, Vdn kien la xu thi ldn. Qud trinh todn edu hda vd hop
Bgi hdi dgi bieu toan qude lan thU XI eua tdc quoc te tiSp tyc duoc ddy manh... Cupe
Ddng nhdn manh: "Todn bp hoat dOng eda cdeh mang khoa hpc - cdng nghp, dlie bi£t
Dang phai xuat phat td lai ich vd nguyen Id cdng nghe thdng tin tiep tye phdt tridn
vpng ciia nhdn dan" [11, tr.65].
m^nh me, thuc day su phat trien nhay vpt
tren nhieu linh vuc, tao ra cd thdi co vd
Bdi hpc thd hai nit ra td gia tri nhdn vdn thach thdc dii vdi mpi quie gia. "Tuih huih
trong tu tudng eua Phan Bpi Chdu Id bai chinh tri - an ninh thi gidi thay dii nhanh
hoc de eao va phdt huy vai tro eua eon chdng, diin biin rdt phdc tgp, khd Iudng,
ngudi, eua nhdn ddn trong cdng cuOe ddi tinh trang xam pliEun ehd quyin quie gia,
mdi vd trong su nghipp xdy dyng vd bdo vp tranh chap lanh thd vd tdi nguydn, xung ddt
To quoc.
sdc tdc, tdn gido, can thipp va lat do, khiing
Xuyen sudt cupe ddi vd tu tudng eua bd, chiin tranh cue bO, chiin tranh mang...
minh, Phan BOi Chdu ludn di eao vai trd, tidp tye dien ra gay gat d nhidu khu vuc..."
gid tri cao dep eua con ngudi, ydu thuang, [12, tt.71]. Canh tranh kinh ti, thuang m^,
quy trpng eon ngudi. Dde bidt, Phan Bdi h-anh gianh cdc nguin tdi nguyen, thi tnrdng
Chdu khdng dimg lai d tinh ydu thuang, cdng nghO, nhdn lye chdt luong eao gida
quy trpng vd dd cao eon ngudi mOt c ^ h eac nude edng gay gdt... "Tranh chdp lanh
chung ehung, trdu tuong, md thi hien mOt thi, chu quyen bien, ddo trong khu vyc vd
each cy the, sinh dOng d tinh yeu thuang, trdn Bien Ddng tiip tyc dien ra gay gat,
quy trpng vd quan diem de cao chinh con phdc tap..." [12, tr.73]. O trong nude, su
ngudi Viet Nam, de eao vai trd to ldn, ^ phdt trien kinh te - xa hOi trong nhihig ndm
nghia quyet dinh eua nhdn dan Viet Nam. qua da lam cho the va luc, sde manh tdng

Phan BOi Chdu khang dinh: "Nude idy dan hpp eua ddt nude tdng len, uy tin qudc ti
lam gic" [6, tr.75]; "nude eudng thinh Id eda ddt nude ngay cdng dupe nang cao, t£to
nhd d nhdn dan..., nhdn dan con thi nude

28


TRINH THI KIM CHI
ra nhiing tiin d i quan trpng de thye hipn
nhiem vy xdy dyng vd bdo vd T i qude
trong diiu kidn mdi. "Kinh ti timg bude ra
khdi tinh trang suy gidm, lay Igi dd tdng
tradng, nhung van cdn nhiiu khd khdn,
thdch thuc. Kinh ti vT md i n dinh chua
viing ehdc, (...), ndng sudt, chdt lupng, hipu
qua canh tranh kinh te thdp", "nguy co tyt
h|u xa hon v i kinh t i so vdi cdc nude trong
khu vyc vd trdn thi gidi, nguy co "dien biin
hoa binh" eua the lye thu dich nham chdng
pha nude ta; tinh trgng suy thodi ve tu
tudng chinh tri, dao ddc, lii sdng, nhihig
bieu hi6n "tu diln biin", "ty ehuyen hda"
trong mOt bO phdn edn bO, ddng vien, cdng
ehdc, vi6n ehdc vd tp quan liSu, tham
nhiing, lang phi diin biin phue tap; khoang
each giau - ngheo, phdn hda xd hpi ngay
cdng tdng, dao due xa hpi cd mat xudng cdp
ddng lo ngai, lam gidm long tin eiia edn bO,
d ^ g vien va nhan dan vdo D^ng vd Nha
nude. Bao ve chu quyin biin, ddo dung

trude nhiiu khd khan, thdch thdc ldn" [12,
tr.74-75]. Tdt cd nhitng diiu do ddi hoi
Ddng, Nhd nude va nhdn dan ta phdi phdn
ddu manh me hon nda nhdm phdt huy mpi
ngudn luc eda ddt nude, trong do quan trpng
nhdt Id phdt huy cao dO vai trd ciia nhdn td
con ngudi, gdp phdn dua cdng cuOc doi mdi
vd hdi nh|p quic ti din thanh edng. Tren
nin tdng trayin thong tit dpp eua ddn tOc
Viet Nam Id "trpng ddn", idy "dan la goc
nude" vd td bdi hpc lich sd thiet thyc nit ra
trong gid tri nhdn vdn eua Phan BOi Chau,
trong suit tiin tiinh Idnh dao cdeh mang
Vidt Nam, eiing nhu trong cdng cuOc dii
mdi. Dang ta ludn khdng dinh: "Sy nghipp
each mang Id eda nhdn ddn, do nhdn ddn va
vi nhdn dan. Chinh nhdn dan Id ngudi lam
ndn nhihig thdng Ipi lich sd" [11, tr.65].
Trdn tinh thdn ay, Ddng ta xdc dinh: Ldy
viOc phdt huy nhdn to con ngudi Id yiu t i
ea bdn cho sy phat trien nhanh vd bin vihng
vd con ngudi la trung tdm ciia chiin lupc

phdt triin, ddng thdi Id chd the phdt trien.
Bdi hpc thd ba rut ra td gid tri nhdn van
trong tu tudng Phan Bdi Chdu Id bdi hge ve
quan tdm gido due, ddo tgo, phdt triin vd
hodn thien con ngudi, phye vy cho cdng
cuOc doi mdi ddt nude vd su nghiep xdy
dyng, bdo ve Td qudc. Trong euOc ddi vd tu

tudng Phan Bpi Chdu, viec de eao vd phdt
huy vai trd eon ngudi ludn gdn liin vdi viee
ehdm lo cho dcri sdng eon ngudi vd quan tam
gido dye, phdt trien con i^udi ca ve the ehat
lan tinh than, cd v i "dan trf' ldn "ddn khi" va
"ddn quyen". Phan Bpi Chdu khdng dinh,
muin duy tdn, each mang thi "ddn tri phai
md mang, ddn khi phai ldn manh va dan
quyen phdi phat dat". Vi the, quan dieni ve
su quan tam phdt trien eon ngudi, ehdm lo
cho ddi sdng eua nhdn ddn trong tu tudng
Phan BOi Chdu cung Id mdt trong nhiing bdi
hpc cd ^ nghia lieh sd bd ich ddi vdi edng
cupe ddi mdi va sy nghipp xdy dung, bdo ve
ddt nude hipn nay. Bdi Ig, tdt ca mpi hogt
dpng ciia xd hdi va mpi thanh qim ma xa hdi
dat dupe, suy den cimg, diu do con ngudi vk
vi con ngudi. Do v|y, mudn phdt huy co
hipu qud vai trd eua con ngudi, dua cdng
cuOc doi mdi, hdi nhap quoc te tdi thanh
cdng, chung ta khdng thi khdng quan tdm
den vipe ddo tao, phdt trien eon ngudi.
Kd tiiira trayin thing nhdn vdn eua ddn
tOc noi chung vd quan diem quan tam gido
dye, phdt triin va hodn thien con ngudi
trong gid tri nhdn vdn eua Phan BOi Chdu
ndi rieng, trong chu traong, dudng ldi vd
ehinh sdeh eua minh, Ddng ta ludn danh sy
quan tam hang ddu eho vide dao tao va phat
tridn toan dien con ngudi Viet Nam, ca ve

thi chdt lan tdm hin, ddng thdi ludn chdm
lo phdt triin ddi sing con ngudi Vipt Nam
hdi hda cd ve ddi sdng v | t chdt lan ddi sdng
tinh thdn. Vdn kiin Bgi hgi dgi biiu todn
qude ldn thU XI eua Dang viet: "Tdn trpng
vd bdo vp quyin con ngudi, gan quyen con
ngudi vdi quyin vd Ipi Ich ciia dan tOc, ddt

29


BAI HOC LICH s i r Ttr GlA TRI N H A N V A N . . .

nude vd quyen lam ehd eua nhdn dan. Ket
hpp va phdt huy ddy du vai trd eua xd hdi,
gia dinh, nhd tradng, tdng t | p thi lao dOng,
cdc dodn thi va cpng ding dan cu trong
viec cham lo xdy dyng con ngudi Viet Nam
gidu long yeu nude, cd y thde lam chu,
trdeh nhiem edng ddn; cd tri thde, sdc khde,
lao dOng gidi; sing cd vdn hda, ngMa tinh;
ed tinh thdn qudc ti ehdn ehinh" [11, tr.76].
Tiep tyc phdt trien quan didm tren, Vdn kiin
Bgi hdi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn th^ XII eda
Dang da xdc dinh: "Xdy dyng nen vdn hda
vd eon ngudi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien,
hudng den ehdn - thien - my, thdm nhudn
tinh thdn dan tdc, nhdn van, ddn ehu vd
khoa hpc" [12, tr.l26]. Di thuc hipn tu
tudng cd tinh chien lupc do, Dang ta chu

traong: "Bdo ddm cdng bang, binh ddng ve
quyin loi vd nghia vy cdng ddn; ket hop
chat che, hpp ly phat trien ve kinh t i vd
phat triin vi vdn hda, xa hOi, thyc hipn tien
bp vd edng bdng xa hOi ngay trong timg
bude vd tCmg ehinh sdeh phdt triin; phdt
trien hai hda ddi sing v|t chdt vd ddi sdng
tinh thdn, khdng ngdng ndng eao ddi sdng
eda mpi thdnh vien trong xd hOi..." [11,
tr.49]; ddng thdi, "tao mdi trudng va dieu
kien de phat tri6n ve nhdn cdeh, dao due, tri
tue, ndng lye sdng tgo, thi chdt, tam hdn,
trdeh nhipm xd hOi, nghia vy cdng ddn, y
thue tudn thu phdp lu|t" [12, tr.l27], "lam
tdt edng tac gido due ehinh tri, tu tudng,
trayin thing, ly tudng, dgo dde vd ldi
sing" [11, tr.49] eho con ngudi Viet Nam.
Dgc biOt, de phat trien todn dipn con ngudi,
trong dd cd nhiem vy phdt triin ngudn nhan
luc chat Iupng eao, Ddng ta chu traong ddi
mdi can bdn va todn di^n gido dye - dao
tao, coi "su m^nh nang cao ddn tri, phdt
trien nguon nhdn lye, boi duong nhan tdi,
gdp phdn quan trpng phdt triin ddt nude,
xdy dung nen vdn hoa va eon ngudi Vi§t
Nam" la su mpnh cao cd, vd coi "gido dye
vd dao tgo eiing vdi khoa hpc vd cdng nghp

30

Id qudc sdeh hdng ddu" [11, tr.77]. Dd
chinh Id sy thi hipn sdng tao vd sinh ddng
tu tudng "thdn ddn", '*trpng ddn", "an ddn"
va "ddn la gde nude" trong trayen thing
Uch sd vd vdn hda eua dan tOc Vipt Nam
ndi chung, trong quan diim d i eao vai trd
eda nhdn ddn, quan tdm den nhdn dan trong
tu tudng Phan Bdi Chdu, eiing nhu quan
diem, "eua dan", "do dan", "vi dan" trong
tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ndi rieng cita Ddng
trong sy n ^ e p each mgng nude ta.
Tdi Upu tham khao
[I]

Phan B§i Chau (2000), Todn tgp, t l , Nxb
Thuan H6a, HuL

[2]

Phan Bgi ChSu (2000), Todn tgp, t.2, Nxb

[3]

Thuin H6a, Hu^.
Phan BOi Chfiu (2000), Todn tap, t.3, Nxb

[4]

Thu|n Hda, H u l
Phan B§i Chdu (2000), Todn tgp, t.4. Nxb

[5]

Thu§n Hda, Hue.
Phan B^i ChSu (2000), Todn t^,

[6]

T h u ^ H6a, Hui.
Phan Bpi ChSu (2000), Todn tgp, t.7, Nxb

[7]

Thu$n Hda, HaL
Phan B^i ChSu (2000), Todn tgp, t.lO, Nxb

[8]

Thu|n Hda, H u l
Dkag Cpng s ^ Vi^t Nam (1986), Van kiin Dgi

t.5, Nxb

hpi dgi biiu todn quoc ldn thu VI, Nxb Chfnh
[9]

triQu6cgia,HdN0i.
D4ng COng sdn Vi$t Nam (1996), Van kiin Dgi
hpi dgi biiu todn quoc lan thi VIII, Nxb Chinh

trj Quoc gia, Hd NOi.
[10] Dang COng s^n Vift Nam (1998), VSn kiin Hpi
nghi ldn thu ndm Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang
khoa VIII, Nxb Chinh trj Qu6c gia, Hk NOi.
[ I I ] Djbig COng sin Vi^t Nam (2011), Vdn kiin Dgi
hpi dgi biiu todn quoc ldn thii XI, Nxb Chfnh
tii Quoc gia. Ha NOi.
[12] D ^ g COng sdn ViOt Nam (2016), Vdn kiin Dgi
hpi dgi biiu todn quoc ldn thuXII, Nxb Chinh
trj Quoc gia. Ha NOi.
[13] H i Chf Minh (2000), Todn tdp, t.2, Nxb Chinh
trj Quoc gia, Hd NO)-