Kiến thức, thái độ, hành vi quan hệ tình dục của nam công nhân di cư chưa kết hôn tại khu công nghiệp bình xuyên, vĩnh phúc năm 2011

ITfflGQUINtllBHrEIIClU!

Kien thitc, thai do, hanh vi quan he tinh due
cua nam cdng nhSn di cif chifa kdt hon tai khu
cdng nghiep Binh Xuygn, VTnh Phiic nam 2011
N g u y i n T h i Phtftfng', L^ Ci/ Linh'

Mdt sd nghien ciiu gdn ddy eho thdy nguy ca Idy nhiim HIV vd cdc binh lay truyen qua dudng tinh
d^c (STIs), nao phd thai do quan he tinh due (QHTD) khdng an loan gia tang dgc biet d ngudi di cU
tri luoi. Nghien eiiu cdt ngang tren 203 nam cong nhdn di cUchUa ket hon tai khu cong nghiep(KCN)
Binh Xuyin, VTnh Phuc ndm 2011. Kei qud eho ihdy kien thdc ve quan he linh due eua nam edng nhdn
chua cao, ihdi dg ve QHTD trudc hon nhdn cdi md. Ty le nam edng nhdn QHTD trude hdn nhdn la
54,7% trong dd 24.1% nam cd QHTD vdi bgn tinh bdt chgt, 12,5% nam edng nhdn co QHTD vdi phu
nH mgi ddm (PNMD). Ty If sddung bao cao su (BCS) thudng xuyen vdi ngUdiyeu Id 33,9%, bgn tinh
bdi chgt 25,9% va PNMD Id 71,4%. Tdng cudng kien thiic, thuc hdnh tinh due an todn vd cung cdp
BCS eho nam cdng nhdn KCN Id nhihig bi^n phdp cdn ihiel gdp phdn ngdn ngita Idy Iruyin HlV/STIs
eho bgn linh vd cgng dong cdng nhii gidm Ty le nao phd thai trong ihanh niin tri.
Tbt khoa: nam cong nhdn di cuchua kit hon, quan he tinh due khong an todn.

Knowledge, attitude and sexual behaviors
among unmarried migrant male workers at
Binh Xuyen industrial zone, Vinh Phuc
province, 2011
Nguyen Thi Phuong", Le Cu L§ Crf Linh'

Some recent studies indicated that there was a potential risic with regard ro HIV spread, sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) and abortion due to unsafe sex among young migrants. This cross sectional study was conducted ar Btnh Xuyen industrial zone, Vinh Phuc province, Viet Nam in 2011
among 203 male unmarried migrant workers. The findings showed that the knowledge on sexual
intercourse of male workers was not high. Attitude towards premarital sex was found rather openminded. The proportion of male workers having premarital sex was 54.7%, in which 24.1% of them
had sexual intercourse with non-regular sexual partners while 12.5% ever had sex with female sex
workers. The proportion of consistent condoms use with lovers, non-regular sexual partners and

female sex workers were 33.9%, 25.9% and 71.4%, respectively. Improvements on knowledge, and
safe sex practice, especially condom distribution for male migrants at industrial zone are urgently

Tap chl Y r f C « n g c S n g , 6.2013, Sff 28 (28)
. N E « , . h t . hJi; 2i.2 2013 . N g i , p h i , biô= 5.3 2013 ã N g i , d,i.h , & : 15.3 2013 . Ngiy Mc

chSp obj,. lB»g 25 4.2013

63


ITfiNEQUM&NGIirlNClUI

needed and this could help to prevent HIV/STI spreading as well as to reduce the percentage
abortion among young adulis.
Keyword:

of

unmarried migrant male workers, unsafe sex.

CAc tic gia
1

Trddng Dai hoc Y t£'Cdng cOng

1. Dat vd'n d l
Quan he tinh due (QHTD) finh due khdng an
loan la m^t trong nhffng nguy ccf cao liy nhiem HIV
v i c i c STIs khac. BSn canh do QHTD khdng an

toan trffdc hdn nhin cung l i nguyen nhan ciia vi'n
de nao p h i thai trong nff thanh thieu nien tre dang
gia ting hien nay. C i c v^n d l trSn khong chi xay ra
d thanh thiS'u niSn m i cdn d lao dgng di ctf tre tuo'i.
Tren the' gidi c i c nghien ctfu v^ QHTD cua
eong nhan, lao ddng di cff chu ye'u giffa c i e nffdc v i
tap trung d c i c nffdc cd kinh te' cham p h i t Irien d
Chau A va Chau Phi. Nhin chung ki^n thffc ve HIV
va sffc khde tinh diic, su'c khde sinh san ciia lao
ddng di ctf cdn thap. Sd'han tinh cua lao ddng di cff
eao hdn ngffdi khong di cff, nam lao ddng di cff cd
hdn mdt ban tinh (tff 13% - 85%) [6][12]. Ty IS nam
lao dgng di cff cd QHTD vdi phu nff mai d i m
(PNMD) dao dgng khoang 7-70% [7][8]. Ty le sff
dung BCS khi QHTD trong khoang 3 - 86%, tuy
nhiSn ty IS pho biS'n khoang 30% trong cac nghiSn
cffu dtfde tim t h i y [9][10).
Di cff d Viet Nam thffdng dtfcfc chia thinh ba
nhdm: Lao dgng di ctf tff ndng thdn ra thanh thi d e i c
khu cdng nghi$p va khu che xui^E; Nhdm d i n di cff
v i di bien ddng d khu vffc bien gidi: Lao ddng Viet
Nam x u i t kh^u hien dang sdng va lam viec d nffdc
ngoii. Dd'i vdi ca ba nhom trSn c i c nghiSn ctfu ve
h i n h vi tinh due v i sffc khoe sinh san (SKSS) chtfa
nhilu dae bi?t la nhdm lao dpng di ctf tai c i c KCN,
khu che'xusft. Nghien cffu cat ngang gan day (2010)
ve HIV tren cdng nhan cdng ty than tinh Quang
Ninh cho ke't qua 1/3 cong nhan cd QHTD trffdc hdn
nhan, 74% da tffng QHTD vdi PNMD. gan 1/2 trong
so dd khdng sff diing BCS khi QHTD [2].

NghiSn ctfu nay nh^m md ta kiS'n thtfc. thii dg,
hinh vi QHTD cua nam cdng nhan di cff chtfa ket
hdn lai KCN Binh XuySn tinh Vinh Phuc. Tren cd
64

Tap chi Y t^ Cdng cdng, 6.2013, Sd 28 (28)

sd dd dffa ra mdt sd' khuyS'n nghi cho c i c chffdng
trinh sffc khde sinh san (SKSS) v i sffc khde tinh due
(SKTD) ddi vdi nam cdng nhan di ctf KCN trSn dia
b i n huyen.
2. Phtfdng phap nghien ctfu
Nghien cffu dtfdc tien hinh tff 11/2011 - 4/2012
tai 3 xa/thi tran Hffdng Canh, Dao Dffc, Tam Hdp.
Nghien cffu cat ngang dinh Itfdng tren toan b§ nam
cdng n h i n di cff chffa k€l hdn. Ti^p can c i e nam
cdng nhan tren tai phdng tro eua hg vao bu^i trffa,
tdi, dung bd cau hoi ttf diln khuyS^E danh. Khi de'n
gia dinh cd cdng nhin thue trg xin phep chu n h i v i
hdi thdng tin liSn quan de'n tinh trang ket hdn cua
c i c nam cdng nhin tff chii nha, ban thue cung nha
tro. Gap gd tai phdng trg va gidi thi?u muc dich dieu
tra, nhin manh tinh khuyet danh, htfdng d i n dien
phieii v i ngdi khong q u i xa cd t h i quan sit d l han
che tdi da ban bac trao ddi giffa c i c nam cdng nhin
cung nhff tra Idi t h i e mac khi c l n thiet.
s d lieu dtfdc n h | p bang phin mem Epi data va
p h i n tich bang SPSS 18.
Mgt sd khdi niim
nghien cliu

vd thang do ddng

trong

QHTD trong nghiSn cffu nay dtfdc hieu la sff
giao hdp dffdng i m dao h o i c hau mdn. Ban tinh
thtfdng xuyen: dtfde hilu li ngtfdi yeu, ngtfdi sdng
cffng. Phu nff mai d i m : li ngtfdi cd quan he tinh due
ddi lay tien, qua ting (vit chat) hoac ma tdy. Ban
tinh khdng thtfdng xuySn (ban tinh bat chdt) khong
phai ngtfdi yeu, khdng sd'ng cung, khong quan h§
tinb due doi lay tiln, khdng cd quan he tinh due
thtfdng xuyen ma chi quan hd tinh due ngau hffng.
bat chdt [13]. Chtfa cd dinh nghia thdng nhat ve
ngtfdidictf cung nhtfedng nhan di ctf, trong nghiSn
cffu nay, nam cdng nhan di cff la nam gidi di chuyen
tff ndi thffdng tni (que quin) dS'n d ndi khie (tam
thdi h o i c lau dai) de l i m cdng nhin.


ITfiNCQUAK&KGHllNClUI

Thang do kien thffc chung: gom 10 cau hdi cd
ban nhi't ve: tinh due an t o i n . thai nghSn, c i c bSnh
liy qua dffdng tinh due, stf dung bao cao su ddng
cich trong phdng trinh thai va trinh STIs. Vdi cau
hoi 1 Iffa chgn diem tdi da l i 1 d i l m . cau hdi nhieu
Iffa ehgn diem td'i da la 2 (ehgn dung 1/2 so'Itfa chgn
dtfdc 1 diem, hdn 1/2 sdltfa chgn dffdc 2 dilm). Sd

diem nhd nhS^t la 0, cao nhat l i 16 diem. Ngtfdi c6
tdng diem eao hdn d i l m trung binh chung cua quan
the (mean) dtfdc ggi l i cd kie'n thffc "phu hdp", e i c
trffdng hdp con lai goi la "chffa phu hdp".
Thang do thii dg ehung: Cd 10 quan d i l m chia
lam 2 nhdm de' tinh dilm: cd quan diem phii hdp vdi
hilu biet c&a da s d m o i ngtfdi de bao ve stfc khoe
dtfdc tinh 1 diem v i quan diem ngtfdc lai tiuh 0
dilm. Tdng d i l m tdi thieu la 0, tdi da la 10. C i n cff
v i o gii tri trung binh d i l m thii dg cua quan the
nghiSn cffu (mean) m i chia thinh 2 nhdm thii dd
"phii hdp" v i "chffa phii hdp".

5.7. Mgt sdddc diim ciia nam cong nhdn
dicii
Trong toan bg 239 nam cong nhan di cff chffa
k i t hdn (trong nghien cda nay ggi nit ggn li nam
edng nhin) cd 5,9 % tff cho'i tham gia va 7,3% phiS'u
Bang 1. Mgi sdddc diem chung cda nam cong
nhdn di cU

1

2

3

4

Tiosa'

Tjie%

201

100%

IS-25

1:9

64,2

26-35

72

35.8

Hpc v&i

203

100%


11

5,4

PITH

51

25.1

TNCN. day nghe

126

62.1

Die dilm
Nhdm tu&

Cao ddng. DH ird lin

15

7.4

Lo^i kinh di cit

203

100

Khar xa. huyfn

123

60.6

Khdc Iinh

SO

39.4

Thu nh&p trung binh thdng

191

100%

1,8-3 irifuddng

123

64.4

>3-5 infu ding

58

30,4

10

5.2

^5-13

tri^udSng

Cd 7 nhdm n g h l cbinh ciia nam cdng nhan tham
gia lao ddng, trong do n g i n h san xui't vat li?u x i y
dffng c h i l m ty 1? cdng nhan tham gia nhieu nhi't
(40,7%), tid'p theo l i nhdm n g i n h san xui't l i p r i p
xe m i y d td va san xua't linh ki?n dien tu". Nhin
chung, hg thffdng sd'ng mgt minh (58,7%), 3% sd'ng
vdi ngtfdi ySu/ban gii/bd dtfde gbi nhin qua phi^u
d i l u tra. TrSn thffc tS'qua quan sit khi de'n phong
vi'n cung thdng tin cua ban cung n h i trg cho th^y
nhffng ngffdi sd'ng vdi ngffdi ySu thffdng tff chdi
khdng tham gia d i l u tra, ffdc tinh ty IS nay trSn thffc
te' khoang 10%. Phan ldn trong sd' hg d i u v l thim
n h i Irong thing, trong dd ty le v l tff 1-3 lan chiem
da sd' (47,5%). Nam edng n h i n chu ydu l i m viec 8
tieng/ngiy, g i n 1/3 cdng nhin khdng tham gia hoat
ddng t i p the n i o , hoat dgng the thao dtfdc tham gia
nhieu nhrt (59,1%).
3.2. Kien thdc ve QHTD

3. K&'t qua nghidn cihi

TT

khdng dli thdng tin cdn 203 ngffdi tham gia v i hoin

thinh phie'u hdp IS.

Kien thiie ve trdnh thai vd nao hiit thai
Trung binh moi nam cdng n h i n di ctf nghe
ndi/biet 3,6/10 bien phap trinh thai. H i u hl^t trong
sd'hg nghe ndi den BCS d l trinh thai v i it biet den
tiem thude/cay que trinh thai v i dung thud'c di§I
tinh trung. P h i n ldn (90,6%) cac nam cong nhin ti/
danh g i i minh biet sd dung BCS, cae BPTT khic
nam cdng nhan bie't thtfc hiSn nhtfng chiS'm Iy 1§
khdng cao. Cd 4,9% nam cdng n h i n khdng bie't bat
ki BPTT nao. Cd 1/5 nam cdng nhin tra Idi dung
thdi d i l m dS mang thai d phu nff (xem bieu dd 1).
Cd 14,8% nam cdng nhan khdng bie't l i c hai nio

.«
Xuit linh ngoai am ei«o ^ B ^ H H I 29.6K
TTnhvongk,hcfi,phônO ^ H
KXOnEbiHBPniD ã
tm

UM

tsil
21^

am

ôô

KOK

,ô.

Biiu ddi. Ty l^ nam cong nhdn biit cdch sddgng
hifn phdp trdnh thai
cua nao p h i thai, tae hai dtfdc biet nhilu nhat la vd
sinh chii'm ty 1§ cao nhat (59.6%).
Kidn ihiie vi cdc binh lay truyin qua dudng tinh
due (STIs)

Tap chf Y tg Cdng cdng, 6.2013, Sd 28 (28)

65


ITfMVSUlaKGIIENClUl

Hau hg'l (99%) nam cdng nhin deu biet ten it
nhi't ten 1 STIs. C i c benh it dffdc bie't de'n la hot
x o i i , trCing roi. nS'm Clamydia, mtin rgp sinh due
(hecpet) ChiS'm tff 10% trd xudng. Khi dffdc hdi ve
nguyen n h i n mac STIs. hdn 2/3 nam cdng n h i n biet
raic benh do: tiS'p xffc trffc tiep thin t h i hoJie QHTD
vdi ngffdi mac bSnh khdng dffng BCS v i do QHTD
vdi nhieu ngtfdi. c i c nguySn nhan khac it dffdc biS't
dS'n hdn v i van cdn 5.9% nam cdng nhan khdng
biSt nguyen nhan nao. Ty 1? biS't c i c b i l u hien cua
STIs kha t h i p . b i l u hiSn biet nhilu nhat cung chi
dat 42,4%, cd tdi hdn 1/4 (26,6%) nam cdng nhan

khdng bid^t bat cff bieu hien n i o .

diem cua nam cdng nhin v l QHTD tffdng dd'i edi
md. Cd 49,3% nam cdng nhin ddng y vdi quan
diem: "Cd the QHTD trUdc hdn nhdn neu hai ngUdi
yeu nhau". Ket qua tuang tii vdi quan diim: "Khdng
nen QHTD khi chua ket hdn " 40,9% nam cdng nhin
ddng y.

Ill

k CAiWqHITi

CciW^in>

Bieu do 3. Thdi d$ cia nam cdng nhdn ve quan hf
linh due

Biiu do 2. Ty If nam cdng nhdn biet bieu hifn
thudng gap cua cdc bfnh STIs
Ve t i c hai eua c i e STIs vdi stfe khoe, nam cdng
n h i n cung chtfa bie't nhilu. T i e hai dffdc biS't nhilu
nhi't dd la viSm cd quan sinh due (66,0%), biS't it
nhi't l i tff vong (7.9%). Van cdn tdi hdn 1/4 (26,6%)
nam cdng nhan khong biet: ludn sff dung BCS dtfng
eich cd the phdng trinh dffdc c i c benh STIs. Ty 1^
nam edng nhan ttf d i n h gia bie't sff dung BCS ri't cao
(90,6%), tuy nhiSn chi cd 62,1 % nam cdng n h i n Iffa
chgn dung c i c h sff dung BCS dung trong bg c i u
hoi. Van cdn 4,4% nam cdng nhan khdng biet ndi

n i o cd t h i dieu tri c i c benh STIs,
D i n h g i i kie'n thtfc chung v l QHTD, cd 61,2%
nam cdng nhin cd kiS'n thtfc "phu hdp" ve QHTD
( d i l m kiS'n thtfe chung quan the' l i 8,04/14 diem).

Da sd (82,6%) nam cdng nhin deu ddng finh vdi
quan diem: C i c benh STIs cd the phdng tranh dtfdc.
Tuy nhien cd ltfdng ldn chie'm gan 2/3 (59,7%) nam
cdng nhin ddng finh vdi quan diem: Chi cd nhffng
ngffdi QHTD bffa bai mdi mac c i c b^nh lay qua
dtfdng tinh due,
Quan diem v l trinh thai v i nao hut thai cho
thi'y nam cdng nhan cd thai dg tich ctfc v i tiS'n bd.
H i u he't nam cdng nhan (88%) ung hd quan diem:
Nam gidi cung eln ed trich nhiem trinh thai cho nff
gidi. Va cd 77.6% nam gidi phan dd'i quan diem:
Nao hut thai la chuy?n binh thffdng nS'u cd thai
ngoai ^ mudn.
Trong hai quan diem ve sff dung BCS cho thay
hdn 2/3 nam gidi deu ddng finh vdi quan diem tich
cffe (Dung bao cao su t h i hien trich nhiem va stf
quan tam den nhau) v i khdng ddng 'y vdi quan
dilm: BCS chi d i n h eho mai dam v i ngtfdi khdng
chung thuy.

Thai dd v l QHTD bao gdm 4 van de: quan d i l m
ve finh due. STIs. mang thai v i nao hdt thai, stf dung
BCS. Diem trung binh chung (mean) quan the
nghiSn cffu la 6,04/10 diem. Ty IS nam cdng nhan
cd t h i i dd "phii hdp" (> 6 d i l m ) chie'm 41,9% v i

"chtfa phff hdp" la 58,1%.

3.4. Hanh vi quan h$ tinh due tntdc Hon nhan
Trong sd'203 nam edng nhin chtfa ke't hon Iham
gia nghiSn effli cd 112 ngtfdi (chie'm 54.7%) d i tffng
QHTD. Trong sd' nhffng ngffdi d i QHTD, sd ban
finh trung binh eua nam cdng nhin tff trffdc den nay
l i 2.1 ngtfdi, Ty IS da QHTD ting Ien theo nhdm
tudi.nhdm 18-21 tudi cd g i n 1/3 d i QHTD va nhdm
mdi cao nha't 30-35 tudi cd tdi 82,4% da tffng
QHTD.

Xel c i c quan diS'm v l QHTD cho thi'y quan

Trong sd'nam cdng nhan d i tij^g QHTD. sd nam

3.3. Thdi dg ve

66

QHTD

Tap chi Y t^ C6ng c0ng, 6.2013, Sd 28 (28)


ITefNGQUMtNGHlEKClU

100%

S?4%

74.55<

60K
40K

54.7%

1I

30.3%

MQHTDIty
l*chun«

lS-ZI[u6<

I1

r 1I
JG.9%

Z3-ISIL6

2&niu6<

30-3SIU&

Biiu do 4. Ty If QHTD trUdc hon nhan theo nhom tuoi

dffdc t m y l n thdng, gan 1/4 cho bie't ho dffdc truyen

thdng 1 -2 lan ehu ydu la ndi chuyen trffc tie'p d cdng
ty/nba m i y . Trong n i m vffa qua tai xa dang tam tni,
65,1 % nam cong n h i n khdng dffdc truyin thdng lan
n i o , 2 1 % dffdc truyen thdng chu yeu b i n g p h i t tin
tren loa truyin thanh cua c i e xa/thi trin. 20,7%
nam cdng nhin dffdc ttf van QHTD an t o i n , chu yeu
tff e i n bd y te d que (18,1 %), y te nha miy/cdng ty
v i y te ndi tam tru (11,3% - 11,8%).
3.5. Cdc mdi lien quan den hdnh vi QHTD

cd 2 ban tinh trd ISn chiein 38.4%, cd 3 ban flnh trd
ISn chidm 85,6%, 16.9% cd tff 4-27 ban finh. 100%
nam cong nhin da tffng QHTD cd ban finh la ngffdi
ydu, gan 1/4 trong s d h o c6 QHTD vdi ban tinh ba't
chdt va 12,5% da tffng QHTD vdi PNMD. S d b a n
tinh trung binh l i ngffdi yeu eua nam cdng nhan di
cff KCN li 2 ngffdi (1,9), ban finh bat chdt la 2 ngffdi
(2,1) va PNMD l i 3 ngffdi (2.6).

tn^c

hon

nhdn

Sau khi nghiSn cffu td'ng quan tai li^u vl
QHTD d cdng n h i n . ngffdi lao ddng tren thS'gidi
v i d Viet Nam chung tdi da Iffa chgn mgt sd' yeu
td'liSn quan cd S nghia thd'ng kS dffa v i o phin tieh
Bdng 3. Mo hinh hoi guy da biin cdc yiu tdliin

quan din QHTD cua nam cong nh&n
Ve'uie'lraBE nfi binh

Mitc j nghia

a»ga dOc Up)

(P)

Bdng 2. Ty If sd dgng BCS vdi cdc logi bgn linh

ORhKndunh

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25,9

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14,3

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7,74

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Xem p h i m / i n h khiSu dflm
C6»m

Trong nam vffa qua, ngudn thdng lin ehu yeu
m i nam cdng nhan nhan dffdc la ti vi chid'm 64%,
Internet chiS'm 45,8%, d i i va sach bio/tap chi. td rdi
chiem tff 37-39%. ban bS, ngffdi than ehiem 2224%, c i c nguon khac chiem ty le dffdi 20%. Tai
KCN. 66.7% nam cdng nhan cho bidt ho khdng

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Nam cdng nhin b i t d i u QHTD lan dau trung
binh khi 21 tudi (sdm nhat la 16 va mugn nhat li 26
tudi). Ban finh d i u tiSn eua ho da sd (88,4%) l i
ngffdi ySu ngoii ra cdn ban g i i (khdng phai ngffdi
ySu) chiem 7.1%. Trong lln QHTD lan dau tiSn,
g i n 1/4 nam cdng nhan khdng dung ba't ctf biSn
p h i p n i o va chi 1/2 trong sd dd stf dung BCS khi
QHTD vdi ban fmh dau uSn. Cd 6,3% nam cdng
nhin cho biet ngffdi ySu eua hg d i mang thai ngoai
y mudn 1- 3 lan v i cdtdi 1/5 trong so'dd khdng biet
ngtfdi ySu minh ed mang thai hay khdng. Ty 1^ nam
cdng nhan ttf b i o mac STTs la 3,6%.

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Tap chl Y t( C6ng cflng, 6.2013, S6 28 (28)


ITlfNGQDftKKMEHlENCfDI

ddi bien (kiem dinh chi-square) v i da bien. Cac
ySu td' bao gdm: tudi, hoc van, ngtfdi d cung, thu
nhap, loai di cff. s d l l n \i tham nha, s d gid lira
vi^c trung binh, tinh trang sff dung rtfdu/bia, xem
phim anh khiSu d i m , diem ki^n thffc v l QHTD,
d i e m t h i i dd ve QHTD. Sau khi thffc hiSn e i c
k i e m dinb thdng ke md hinh hdi quy da bie'n d
bang 3 l i md hinh phu hdp.
Kiem dinh hdi quy da biS'n cho thay nam cdng
nhan di ctf ldn tuoi c6 nguy cd QHTD trtfdc hdn nhin
cao gap 6,6 lan nam cdng nhan tff 25 tuoi trd xud'ng.
Tffdng Iff nhtf v§y nguy c(} cua nam cdng nhan d mgt
minh gi'p 2.7 lln nam edng nhin d cung ngffdi khic.
Nhiftig nam cdng nhan lam viec tff 6-8 tidng/ngiy cd
nguy cd gi'p 7,7 lan nhffng ngtfdi l i m viSe hdn 8
tieng/ngiy. Nam cdng nhin cd sff dung rffdu bia co
nguy cd QHTD trffdc hdn nhan nhieu hdn 6 lln nam
khdng sff dung rffdu bia. Nam cdng nhan cd diem
kien thffc tdt cd nguy ed QHTD trtfdc hdn nhan ga'p
3,48 lan nam cd diem kie'n thtfc chffa tdt.

4 . B ^ n luSii
Tai Ddng Nam A ndi chung va Viet Nam ndi
ridng, nam gidi v i n ddng vai trd quyet dinh, quan
trgng trong QHTD v i sff dung c i c bien p h i p trinh
thai. Hidu bid^t vd c i c bien p h i p trinh thai va t i c hai
cua nd l i yS'u td quan trgng gdp phin phdng tranh
thai va sff dung BCS thffdng xuySn diing each l i m
giam ty IS l i y n h i l m HIV/STIs. Tuy nhien nam
cdng n h i n di cff KCN chi biet 3,6/10 biSn p h i p
trinh thai, thi'p hdn t? IS chung cua thanh thid'u nien
qudc gia ( S A W lan 2) 5/10 bien p h i p [4]. Ngoii ra
c i e bidu hiSn thtfdng gap cua STIs l i c l n thiet dd
nam eong nhan di k h i m va dieu tri tuy nhien cd ty
1? d i n g ke nani cdng n h i n khdng bie't bidu hien
thffdng gap n i o (26,6%). Dieu dd cho thay c i c
thdng tin nay cdn thiS'u ddi vdi nam cdng nhan di cff.
Ty le nam cdng nhan chffa kdt hdn da tffng
QHTD chiem t^ le ttfdng ddi cao (54,7%), cho thi'y
vi^c QHTD trffdc hon nhan hien nay tffdng dd'i pho
biS'n. Ke't qua nay cung tffdng ddng vdi quan diem
ciia da so; nam gidi thtfdng dtfdc chip nhin QHTD
trffdc hdn nhan v i kinh nghi^mtinh due xem nhtf l i
thude finh quau U-gng cua nam gidi [14]- Ty le nay
cung cao hdn kS't qua nghien cffu trSn cdng nhan
than Nui Beo, Quang Ninh (1/3 QHTD trffdc hdn
nhan) v i cao hdn nhidu so vdi nghiSn effu tren cdng
nhan thuy di?n Sdn La (5,23%) [2], [3]. T j le
QHTD trtfdc hdn nhan ciia nam cdng nhan Binh
Tap chi Y t^ Cdng cdng, 6.2013, Sd 28 (28)

Xuyen cao cd the do nghiSn cffu nay fien hanh trSn
nam cdng nhin di ctf trong khi cac nghiSn cffu k h i c
tien hinh tren cdng nhan noi chimg v i k h i c biet vd
phffdng p h i p tiep can.
Kiem dinh da bien cho thay nhffng nam cdng
nhin Idn tudi hdn (>25 tudi), nhffng nam cdng nhan
lam viec tff 8 tidng trd xud'ng cd xu hffdng QHTD
trffdc hdn nhin nhidu hdn. Cd the nam cdng nhan
ldn tudi cd khoang thdi gian dgc than liu hdn va cd
thdi gian d i i de tim hieu nhidu ban gai hdn nSn cd
xu hffdng QHTD cao hdn nhdm edn lai. Kdt qua n i y
eung tffdng tff ket qua nghien cu^ SAVY lan 2 [5].
Tffdng ttf nhff vay nhffng nam cdng nhin sd'ng mdt
minh cung la didu ki^n thuan Idi de thtfc hiSn
QHTD trtfdc hdn nhin. Ngoii ra nhffng nam cdng
nhan cd sff dung rffdu bia cd ty IS QHTD trffdc hon
nhin nhidu hdn mdt lan nffa khang dinh rffdu bia li
ye'u td anh hffdng den hinh vi tinh due.
NghiSn ciJu eung cho thSTy nam cdng nhin ed
diem kie'n thffc cao c6 nguy cd QHTD trffdc hdn
nhan nhidu hdn, didu n i y gdi ra vi'n de Ii?u ed phai
nam cdng nhan da QHTD cd trii nghidm thffc te'nen
hidu hdn, quan t i m fim hieu kie'n thffc nhieu hdn
ching? Van de n i y can bd sung thSm thdng tin tff
cac nghiSn cffu khic de cd ket luan chinh x i c . Dd
cung la ban ehd eiia nghien cffti nay va nghiSn ciSli
cat ngang k h i c trong viec 1^ giai nguyen nhan.
Ngoii ra nghien cffu thtfc hien tren mau chtfa ldn d
dia b i n nho nen chffa dai diSn cho nam cdng nhin
d e i c KCN va e i c vung khic.

Ben canh dd, ty le QHTD vdi ban finh la PNMD
eung khdng nho, kS't qua cua nghien ctfu nay 12.5%
tff trffdc tdi nay eao hdn kdt qua nghiSn cffu d Khinh
Hda (10% ngff dan v i 8,3% d cong nhin ddng tau)
[11]. Dieu n i y cho tha'y nam edng nhan di ctf tai c i c
KCN ed nguy cd ttfdng dd'i cao trong liy truyen e i c
benh STIs d^c biSt la HIV/AIDS. Ben canh do van
cdn bdn 1/4 nam khdng sff dung BCS thtfdng xuySn
khi QHTD vdi PNMD. Tf le n i y cao hdn nhieu so
vdi nghien ctfud Ihanh niSn H i i Phong (10.8%) [1].
Dd thtfc stf la nguy cd ldn mang den bSnh tat anh
hffdng de'n sffc khoe. sffc khde finh due va sinh san
ciia cdng nhin,
Y te' c i c cap e l n phd'i hdp vdi cie cdng ty/nhi
miy/xi nghidp tai cac KCN huyen Binh XuySn cung
ci'p them cie thdng tin vd tinh due an loin cho nam
edng nhan di ctf, chu trgng de'n thong tin ve stfdung
BCS, tac hai cua STIs v i nao p h i thai. Ben canh dd,
khi x i y dtfng cac ehtfdng trinh can thiep cho nhdm


I TOMB QUAN & NGHIlN C t U I

n i y eung ltfu y tfu tiSn nam edng nhan ldn tudi, d
mdt minh va cd siJdung rtfdu bia. Ngoai ra eai thien
thtfc hinh finh due an toin qua sff dung BCS dung

cich ciing nhff dtfa e i c dich vu ve sffc khoe sinh san
dS'n g i n theo dac tnmg cua cdng nhan di etf trSn dia
ban huyen.

Tii ][$u tham khao

AIDS Behav. 13(5), p. 928-38.

Tifng Vift

8. A. P. Emilio, A. F. Chcnoa and M. Chris, Q., (2004), "Use
of Commercial Sex Workers Among Hispanic Migrants In
North Carolina: Implications for the Spread of HIV",
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health.
36(July/August 2004).

1. Dtfdng CSng Thanh vi cdc cgng sir. (2008), "Cdc hinh vi
tinh due nguy cd vi b^c cdu trong tbaoh oifn d Hai Ph6ng,
Vi^t Nam", Gi<3i, Qnh due vi site khoe dnh due 15/2008
2. mo Hue Lan (2011), KiS'n thtfc, thii dO, thtfc hinh v^
phdng. cbSog HIV/AIDS vi m$l so yeii t6 lien quan cia
cfing nhSn tai eong ty than Nili B6o Quing Ninh nim 2011,
DHYlf C6ngc$ng,
3. D5 van Thinh (2007), Kifn thtfc. thfii dO, thtfc hanh
ph6ng chfi'ng ISy nhifim HIV/AIDS d c6ng nhSn xgy dtfng
thuy di^n Sdn La nim 2007, D^i hpc Y tfcdng c$ng. Hi Npi.

9. A, S, Melissa et at. (1/11/2004), "The Epidemiology of
HIV Among Mexican Migrants and Recent Immigrants in
California and Mexico", JAIDS Journal of Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 37(pp S204-S214).
10. M. W. Borgdorff ct al (1994), "Sexual partner change
and condom use among urban factory workers in northwest

Tanzania", Genitounn Med. 70(6), p. 378-83.

4. Tdng cue Dan sf-KHHGD, QuJ Dan sf Lien b(Jp qu6c vi
NgSn hing phfit uiia Chiu A (2010), Bdo cio ehuyen Si
Stfc kh6e sinh san Sifc kh6e Qnh due cia Thanh thifu nien
Vi^t Nam - SAVY2,

11. Nguyen Van Hiep, C. Donn and Ton That Toan (2008).
Homosexual behavior and sex work among migrant male
workers in Vietnam (in Khanh Hoa province).

5. T5ng c\fc Dan so-KHHGD vi long cue thfi'ng k6 (2010),
Diiu tra qucfc gia vi Vi thinh nifin vi Thanh ni6n Vi^t Nam
llntbit2,HiNpi.

12. P, Thongphit (2009), "PHAMIT: A program on
HIV/AIDS prevention among migrant workers". Field
Actions Science Reports. 3/2009.

6 A. Faiscl vi J. Cleland (2006), Migrant men, a priority for
HIV control in Pakistan?, 82307-310.
7. A, K. Deb et al. (2009), "HIV transmission potential
among local and migrant factory workers in Kolkata, India",

13. Population Council (2007). "Injecting drug use in India:
Understanding Sexual Behaviours and Sexual Networks to
Design Effective Change Strategies", Population Council
4/2007, p. 1.
14. Quach Trang (June 2008). "Femininity and sexual
agency among young immairied women in Hanoi", Culture,

Health & Sexuality. 10 (Supplement),

Tap chi Y td Cdng cdng, 6.2013, Stf 28 (28)

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