bước đầu tìm hiểu về quan hệ xã hội nhân sinh của người việt và người hàn

T?p chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM

Luu Thi Hdng Vi^t

BlTdC DAU TIM HIEU VE QUAN HE XA H Q I - NHAN SINH
CUA NGU'OI Vlf T VA NGUdi HAN QUA TRUYfiN C 6 TICH
LUUTHiHCNGVier

T6M TAT
Cde quan h^ Irong gia dinh. xd hpi dupc ddn gian Vi^i vd ddn gian Hdn phdn dnh
rdt sinh dpng. ro net Id mpt npi dung ca bdn cua thi logi co tich. Quan h^ ay that da dgng
vd phirc tgp. bao gom quan h$ cha me - con cdi. chong - vp. anh - em. m^ ghe - con chong,
me chdng - ndng ddu, dfa chit - ndng ddn gdn lien vdi S{r doi lgp giira gidu ngheo. xdu lo
thi^n ac. Qua do. ehung ta Ihdy dupe nhiing diem tuong ddng vd dj bi^f ve ndi dung cua
truyen cd tich hai nudc J lei Nam. Hdn Quoc
Tu khda: quan hp xd lipi - nhdn sinh, ngudi Vipt vd ngudi Han, truypn co tich.
ABSTRACT
Initial study ofthe Vietnamese and Korean social - human relationships
reflected in fairy tales
Relationships within the family and society were lively and clealy reflected as a
primary part of fairy tales by Vietnamese and Korean country folks. These relationships
are various and complicated, including parents - children , husband - wife, siblings, step
mother
step-children, mother-in-law
daughter-in-law. landlords peasants,
indispensable to the contrast between wealth and poverty, bad and good, good and evil.
Through these relationships, readers can see similarities and differences in ihe content o
Vietnamese and Korean fairy tales.
Key}i>ords: social - human relationships, Vietnamese and Korean, fairy tale.
I.

Dat van de
Mdt trong nhtmg nudc thupc khu
vyc Ddng Bac A md Viet Nam cd sy giao
luu vdn hda tir xa xua la Hdn Qudc. Ngdy
nay Vipt Nam va Han Qudc ed dieu kien
thugn lai hon de giao luu van hda va qua
do thay dupc nhihig net chung cung nhu
nhiing net rieng trong van hda cCia mdi
dan tde. Du d bat cii dan tdc, qudc gia
ndo thi truyen cd tich vdn Id mdt trong
nhirng the loai hodn chinh cua vdn hpc
dan gian, Id sdng tac ddn gian trong loai
hinh tu su.
ThS, Trudng Dgi hpc D^ Lat

Truypn cd tich cua ngudi Viet vd
ngudi Han deu luu giu nhiing net dpp ve
van hda, phan anh rd nhirng tin ngudng,
phong tue, nhirng ll hpi va ddi sdng vat
ehit cua dan gian hai nudc; mang tinh
gido due cao va dupc the hien m^t each
rd net, sinh ddng. Bdi viet ndy se bude
ddu tim hieu ve cac mdi quan he xa hdi nhdn sinh ciia ngudi Viet vd ngudi Hdn
qua truypn cd tich cua hai nudc.
2.
Quan hf anh - em
Gia dinh Id eo sd eiia xa hdi ndng
nghiep ed truyen Viet Nam cung nhu
Han Qudc. Tinh anh em rupt thit trd
thanh ddi tuang ciia nhieu truyen dan

gian cua cd hai nudc. Mdi quan he giiia

63


T9P chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM

ngudi vdi ngudi sS lim nii rd tlnh cich,
bin chit cua tdng hpng ngudi trong xi
hpi, nhit li khi quan h^ iy chju sy chi
phii vi quyit djnh cua tiin tii, cua eii vi
danh vpng. Sv tham lam, ham muin giiu
sang vi vit chit lin it tlnh cim, cudp di
nhin tlnh. Nhin vio m5i gia dinh trong
truypn ci tieh, ta thiy ci ngudi Vi^t vi
ngudi Hin di phin inh chin th^re hi^n
thpc cudc sing cua nhihig gia dinh tin tpi
miu thuin xuit phit td vi^c phin chia, ki
thda tii sin. Khi bi m? gii hay mit di thi
ngudi niy Idng tham, ieh ki. muon chiim
dopl toin bp gia sin bao gid eflng li
ngudi anh, ngudi chju thipt thdi, khdng
oin thin, trich cu mpt ldi vi chip nhpn
cupc song khd khin, thieu thdn li nhihig
ngudi em tpi nghipp. Cic truypn Cdy
khi: Nhdn tham tdi nhi tir, diiu Iham
thuc nhi vong: Hai anh em vd con chd
dd. Hd rdm hd rgc; Binh vd Dinh eua
ngudi Vipt di khai thic chu di lu moi
miu thuin gida hai anh em. Nhin \ai

ngudi anh bpc lp rd Idng tham, vo v^t,
chiem het cua cii cha mp de lpi, khdng
chia eho em mpt thu gi, ban ni!a lpi ludn
eoi thucrng ngudi em cua minh. Sp sdng
chet cua em minh ra sao ngudi anh khdng
di y tdi. Khi ngudi em trd nen giiu cd,
ngudi anh tim nhihig Idi ngon ngpt dd
dinh em cho biit dieu bi mpt di eiu sv
giau sang, phii quy ban bpi lin. Mic du
bj ngudi anh tham lam ddi xu lin nhin
nhung ngudi em trudc sau khdng hi oin
thin anh ma chim chi lao dpng bing
chinh sue lire cua minh de lo cho cupc
sdng ciia ban thin vi gia dinh. Tuy ngheo
khd nhung ngudi em vdi ldng nhan hiu
da giup nhung ngudi ngheo kho hon

64

Luu Thi Hdng ^>?l

minh, ngay ca nhihig eon vpt cung nh|n
dupc tinh thuimg td ngudi em. Khi sp
may min din, dimg trudc nhihig niii
ving, nui bpc, ngudi em chi nhin liy
phin nhd du di trang trii cho cupc sing.
Vdi bin chit thit thi, ngudi em chia se
niim vui vdl mpi ngudi vi sy: may min
cua minh, ki cho anh vi xdm ling biet
nguyin nhin dan tdi sp dii thay trong

eude ddi. Nhin vit ngudi anh li Non Pu
trong truydn Hung Pu vd Non Pu ciia
Hin Quoc vdi tinh eich tham lam di vo
vii hit tii sin vi dii xu vdi em minh nhu
ke hau ngudi hp. Khi gia dinh ngucri em
lim vio cinh nguy khon, Non Pu td ra
khinh bi, xua dudi em thpt tin nhan. Cuii
eung ngudi anh di phii tri gii cho hinh
dpng cua minh, Non Pu trd nen ngheo
khd cdn ngirdi em thi dupc hudng cupc
song sung sudng, hpnh phuc. Sp phin
bipt giiu nghdo xuat hien trong cic
truypn cd .tich phin inh budc phit ttien
eua xi hpi vi dd li sy ximg dpi quyen Ipi
gii^a nhihig con ngudi dpi dipn cho budc
khdi diu cua sy phin hda ding cip, tir do
dan den nhiiu bit cdng vdi nhiing sd
phpn bit hpnh. Mudn cupc sdng ciia mpi
ngudi trong cpng ddng dupc hanh phuc
trudc hit ein cd tinh yeu vi Idng nhan tir,
con ngudi thdng cim, tin tudng lin nhau.
Nhimg diy vin ehi li mo ude bdi mdi gia
dinh van cdn ton tai sy nghi ngd, ghen
ghet.
Qua ttuyen cd tich, chung ta thay
quan he gida anh va em trong gia dinh
ngudi Vipt dien ra gay git va khac nghi?l
hem quan he anh em trong gia dinh ngudi
Hin. Ngudi anh ludn doi xu tan nhan vdi
ngudi em vi tu diu den eudi truydn

Tap chi KHOA,HOC DHSP TPHCM

khdng ed chi tilt ndo ndi ve sy h6i cai
cua ngudi anh, ngudi anh khdng nhgn ra
nhiing l5i lam eiia minh vi thi eiing
khdng thi khdi phyc m6i quan h$ tot dpp.
Dilu ndy cho thiy ngudi Vipt ed quan
niem: cdi thipn vd edi dc khd cd thi dung
hda, nd ludn tdn tgi vd ddi lgp vdi nhau
nhung cdi de se bj lieu dipt... Truypn Cdy
khi eiia ngudi Vipt nhin mgnh din vipc
"khuyin thipn trimg dc" cdi thi^n ludn
dupc hudng nhung dieu tot dpp rUiat edn
cai dc se bj tieu dipt. Truypn Hung Pu vd
Non Pu ciia ngudi Hdn thi lgi gido dye
con ngudi ldng vj tha, bilt nhgn ldi, siia
ldi, cdn dieu hda mdi quan hp trong gia
dinh. Khi ngudi anh roi vdo cdnh ngheo
khd, ngudi em la Hung Pu da dpng vien,
an ui vd giiip anh cd mdt cupc sdng tdt
dep hon: "Tic ddy, xin anh dimg lo ldng
diiu gi hit, hay din nhd em ciing chung
sdng vai em. " [6, tr.434]. Ngudi Hdn cd
quan niem: bdt ki ai cung cd the sua minh
vd trd nen mpt ngudi cd dao diic, eon
ngudi nen tha thii vd khoan dung ldn
nhau... vi vdy, nhdn vgt ngudi anh sau
khi nhan nhung hinh phat vi t^i dc gdy

bao dau khd cho ngudi em, cudi cung
eiing nhan ra ldi lam cua minh vd biet ty
siia chira, dupc em tha thii nen hai anh
em lai cd cupc sdng vui ve, doan ket,
thuang yeu nhau het myc. Truyen Cdy
ggy cua nhirng con Tokkaebi xdy dyng
nhdn vgt ngudi em vdi ldng nhdn tir, dp
lupng da giiip ngudl anh nhdn ra ldi ldm
va biet siia chira ldi lam, trd thdnh mpt
ngudi tdt, tgo nen mdi quan he tdt dep
hon de cd cudc sdng hgnh phiic, nghia
tinh: "Cdm an em! Cdm an em! Xin em
hdy tha thu cho anh vl anh dd ddi xir tdi

Liru Thi Hdng Vi^t

ti v&i em. Anh hira si tra nin tdt bvng
nhu em. tra thdnh mpt nguai anh tdt vd
mpt ngtfdi con hiiu thdo. " [6, tr. 171].
Ngudi Vipt cd truypn S\f tich trdu,
cau vd voi ndi ve tinh anh em sau n ^ g
nhung khi ngudi anh cd hgnh phiie gia
dinh thi linh cam anh em khdng cdn thdm
thiet nhu trudc, quan hp giiia hai ngudi
ngdy edng cd khodng cdch vd mdu thuin
giC^a hai anh em khdng the gidi toa cho
nen sy tuypt vpng ludn bao trum tam tri
ngudi em. Ngudi em dd lya chpn sy ra di
de cho quan hp vp ch6ng ciia ngudi anh
dupe yen dn; ngudi anh ra di vi nhd

thuang em vd hdi han ve sy Ignh nhgt vdi
em; ngudi vp ra di Id de tim chdng va em
ehdng. Nhimg khi ngudi anh biet hdi hdn,
nhan ra sai lam eiia minh ddi vdi em thi
da qud mupn. Cdi chet ciia cac nhdn vdt
cho thay trong mdi quan he anh em ciia
gia dinh ngudi Viet khi da cd sy xung dot
ve tinh cdm - tinh anh em thi se khd cd
the khic phye dupe. Vi quan niem khde
nhau nen khi sang tdc truyen cd tich ve
quan he anh em, ngudi Han dd sang tao
nhieu truyen ndi len sy gidi quyet nhirng
khiic mdc dang ngdn can, chia re tinh
cam va khi gidi quyel dupc dieu dd, quan
hp anh em lgi Ird nen thdm thiet, gdn bd.
3.
Quan h | vp-ch6ng
Ngudi Viet vd ngudi Hdn ciing
nhdn mgnh mdi quan he khdng the thieu
trong mdi gia dinh, mdi xa hdi, dd la tinh
yeu ddi lira, tinh cam vp chdng. Qua mdt
sd truypn cd tich tieu bleu eiia hai nudc,
ngudi dpe cdm thay nhu dang dupc sdng
trong thi gidi diy dp tinh yeu thuang vd
ldng ehimg thiiy vdi nhirng dieu tdt dep
nhdt. Trong xd hdi cu, eon ngudi ludn

65

T9P chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM

ludn phii sing theo li giio phong kiin vi
thi khdng ai dupc lim theo j thieh, mong
ude cua rieng minh, nhit li trong tlnh
yiu thi "chg me dit ddu, con ngil diy "
Din gian mong ude thoit khdi nhthig
ring budc vi hdn nhin, tlnh cim, mong
ude mdt x! hdi cdng bing mi d dd eon
ngudi dupc thyc hi^n nhthig ude mo, li
tudng eua bin thin, khdng ed sy phin
bi^t sang hdn, thin phin, dja vj vi nhihig
ngudi yiu nhau sS dupc din vdi nhau,
edng nhau chia si mpi cay ding cflng nhu
hpnh phuc d ddi. Truydn Ndng Xudn
Huang [2, lr.l317j ciia ngudi Vi^t vi
truydn Choon Hiong (truypn vi ning
Xuin Huong) [6, tr.369j cua ngudi Hin
diu cd npi dung giong nhau: ndi vi tinh
yeu thuy chung, son sit cua ddi trai tii
gii sic. Ci hai truypn diu ea ngpi tinh
yeu eao dpp, Idng chung thuy cua nO
nhin vpt chinh li Xuin Huong. NO nhin
vit chinh dupc dit trong hoin cinh cd
ngudi yeu di xa, trong thdi gian xa eich
nhau, cd gii bj vien quan ciy quyin cpy
the ep bupc ning lim Ihiip, nhtmg du
cho cd phii chju bao dau ddn cyc hinh,
cd phai chju canh tu diy thi cd gii vin
kien quyet tu chdi vi mpt myc bao vc

tinh yeu, gid vimg ldng thus chung son
sit vdi ngudi yeu cua minh, nang van
thim chd mong ngiy ngudi yeu trd ve.
Cang trong gian khd, trong hoin cinh
khic nghiet, con ngudi vdi tinh yeu cao
ci nhu nd nhin vpt chinh trong truypn cd
hai nudc cing ngdi sing ve dpp phim
chit, dao due. Tinh yeu di giup hp vupt
qua lit ci mpi Ihu thich ldn lao cua cupc
ddi. Hp sdng vdi mpt niem tin manh mS
vao linh yeu va ldi g chung thuy. Dii cho

Ltru Thi Hing Vlfl

ngudi yiu ciia minh cd trd n«n mdt ki
nghio khi, khin khd, cd tin tp thi nio di
ching nOa thi cd gii vin mpt ldng yfei
thuong, kinh trpng ngudi ySu vi lo ling
cho ngudi minh y4u. Ci hai truydn cd kit
thdc nhu mong muin cua nhin din, dd li
nO nhin vit chlnh di Awfc chinh ngudi
ySu cda minh giii thoit (ngudi yiu ciia
cd gii d i dpt vi gid chdc vy cao trong
trliu), Cd gii dupc hudng mpt cudc sing
hpnh phuc, dupc mpi ngudi ydu min,
khim phyc cdn viin quan gian ic bj
trimg phpt thich ding.
Trong truydn c6 tich hai nudc cdn
cd rit nhiiu mii tinh cao dpp, tinh cam
vp ching gin bd keo scm, sy ra di cua

mdt trong hai ngudi sd khiin ngudi cdn
Ipi dau khd, tuy^t vpng, timg giiy, timg
phdt diu nhd tdi ngudi yeu, ngudi ban
ddi cua minh. Dd li vp chdng ttong
truy$n Str tich trau, cau vd vdi. Sir tich
trdi sdu rieng, Str tich dng ddu rau, Su
tich con sam, A Chuc chdng Nguu... eiia
ngudi Vict Tinh yeu dupc thu thich
Irong gian khd cing ngdi sing ve dpp, dii
eho vit ehit cd thiiu thon nhtmg tinh ySu
si giup con ngudi Ipc quan, tin vio tuong
lai tuoi sing \ a cim thiy cupc sdng that
y nghTa. Md diu truypn Su tich dng ddu
rau, din gian di khing djnh va ca ngpi
cupe sdng vp chdng diy yeu thuong, gin
bd va se chia: "Ngdy xua, cd hai vp
chdng son nhd ngheo. Hp diu sinh nhai
bdng nghi Idm muon. Tuy ngheo nhung
hp rdt yiu nhau." [1, tt.207]. Ndi tdi
nhimg ciu ehuypn tinh, ta khdng the quen
ehuypn tinh thim dim nudc mit cua ning
cdng chua ttong Ttnh yiu cua ndng cdng
chua cua ngudi Hin. Vupt qua mpi ranh


Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM

gidi ve dja vj, mpi sy ngdn cdn ciia vua
cha, ndng cdng chiia dd di theo tieng gpi
eua tinh yeu, cd kien quyel tir bd mpi

vinh hoa phii quy, vupt qua mpi gian nan
de di tim ngudi minh yeu thuang. Vi sy
thil hin giiia vua cha ciia hai vucmg qu6c
nSn ndng khdng dupc g^p ngudi y^u,
eudi cimg cd va ngudi y^u dd chpn cdi
ehit dl mdi mdi dupc d ben nhau. Tinh
yeu ciia nang edng ehtia phuong Nam vd
ehdng hodng tii phucmg Bde dd khien vua
cha hai vucmg qu6e cam dpng, lir dd hai
ben xda bd mpi hgn thii. Con ngudi sdng
khdng the thieu tinh yeu. Tinh yeu cd siic
manh mdnh Hel, nd cd the lam lieu lan
mpi sy thil hdn, dem lai dieu Idl dpp nhat
eho cudc sdng. Ngudi Hdn cdn sdng tgo
cdc truyen Kyon-u, nguai chdn gia sue vd
Chik-Nyo, nguai tha dit; Cdng chua
Pyonggang vd anh ngoc Ondal... de
khdng dinh tmh cdm thieng lieng ciia con
ngudi vd nhan manh tinh yeu la nen ldng
tgo nen eude sdng gia dinh hgnh phuc ben
viing.
Bgn egnh nhiing net tuong ddng,
mdi quan he vp - chdng dupe phdn dnh
trong truyen cd tich cua ngudl Viet vd
ngudi Han cdn cd diem khde bipt. Mdi
quan he ndy bi phd vd xuat phdt tir nhieu
nguyen nhdn khac nhau song d cdc truyen
eiia ngudi ViSt ndi bat van la sy ghen
tudng ciia ngudi chdng ddn den cdi chet
oan khde eua nhutig ngudi vo hiln ldnh,

chung thuy. Cac truyen Su tich dd bd rau,
Va chdng Truang ciia ngudi Vipt cd ddng
gdp ldn vdo viec khuyen ran eon ngudi tir
bd thdi ghen tudng mil qudng. Chinh sy
ghen tudng mu qudng nay da din pha vd
hanh phiic em dm, tinh nghia va chdng.

Luu Thi Hdng Vi^t

hon thi cdn gdy n6n cdi chit oan uc, bi
thuong ciia nh&ng ngudi phy nft. Md diu
truypn Vpr chdng Truang, ddn gian ndi tdi
m$t mdi im gia dinh vdi quan h$ vp
ch^ng thdm thill, ngudi vp ludn gift gin
khudn ph^p, hilu thiu tfnh cdch ciia
chong n&n ndng iing xii kh^o l^o mpi nai
mpi liic rit cin trpng. Din ldc Truang
Sinh di linh, ndng mdt minh nudi dudng
mp ch^ng, dgy d6 con tho, ldm nhiem vu
ngudi con ddu, ngudi m? tre m0t cdch
chu ddo. Khi mp chong 6m, ndng hit siie
lo Idng, chgy chfta thudc thang, khi bd
mat ndng dd lo Iipu chdn cat me chu todn.
Xua nay mpt ngudi con gdi di lam dau
phyng dudng, lo li$u cho me chdng dupc
nhu ndng Vu Thj Thiel that ddng kinh
trpng. Pham chat dao diic cda ndng edn
duac khdng dinh bdi sy ehung thCiy m$t
ldng hudng ve ngudi chdng dang phdi ddi
m^t vdi sy sdng vd cai chet. Tinh cdm vp

chdng ddi vdi ndng sdu ndng vd cimg vi
nang chi cd mdt nguyen ude duy nhdt
dupc lam vp, lam me cho den sudt ddi.
Ddi vdi con tho, ndng coi diia con Id
niem vui, Id ngudn hanh phiic de giiip
ndng tru vihig giiia cudc ddi, tru vimg
giiia nhirng ngdy vdng chdng dan chiSc.
Chdng di chien trdn, vi nhd thuang
chong, thuong con ndng dd diia vdi con,
dem niem vui tdi eho eon bang each trd
bdng minh md bdo dd Id cha ciia con.
Ndng bi ehinh Truong Sinh (ngudi chdng
ma ndng hit myc yeu thuang, ddng ding
dpi chd) rii bd tit cd ehi vi thdi da nghi,
ghen tudng mil qudng. Chi vi tin theo ldi
ciia mdl diia tre iha dang tap ndi: "May
loi noi vo tinh cua dua be ldm cho
Truemg Sinh tin la va minh ngogi tinh

67


T9P chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM

(...). Can ghen ttf nhiin bimg bimg bic
tin" [2. ir.I467], mic dd Vfl Thj Thiit di
ra sdc bi^n bpch vi hing xdm binh vyc
nhung Truong Sinh vln mdt myc khdng
tin, hem nda cdn dinh dip ning. Quan hi
gida hai ngudi di lin tdi dinh diim,

ning khdng cdn cich nio de ty minh oan
cho Idng thuy chung cua minh bdi ngudi
ching qui ghen tudng, ieh kl, hpp hdi vi
bio thu. Bao nhiiu cdng sue, tlnh cim
chit chiu cua ngudi vp di vun dip, giQ'
gin cii gia dinh bi nhd di trd ndn vd
nghTa, ning di trd thinh mpt ngudi bpc
mpnh. Quan hp giila ning vdi ngudi
chong khdng cdn mpt tia hi vpng gin kit
nio bdi nd di bj ehing ning nhin tam
phi vd. Trii tim ning tan nit. Dau ddn
khdn eung, ning di ty vin noi ddng sdng
que huong de giil td Idng minh.
Nhin vpt ngudi vp trong truydn Su
tich dd Bd-rdu cflng phii chju bao oan
uc, bit hanh. Vi sinh ki, hai vp chong
phii xa nhau, ngudi vp ngiy dem nhd
mong tin chdng, lo ling cho chong timg
giay tung phut. Sau nhdng thing ngiy dai
chd mong, ning lpi dupc song trong niem
vui ldn lao dd li sy trd vi cua chong
nhung "vKi chua trpn md buin dd xudt
hiin. Su nghi ngd bdng ndy nd trong Idng
ngudi chdng. Chdng vdn Id nguai cd
ghen... " [1, tr.281]. Cii ghen dan ldi sy
bao thu, hpp hdi vi din tdi nhdng hinh
dpng vu phu. Doi vdi nhihig ngudi ching
ghen tudng mu quing, thieu niim tin vio
ngudi ban ddi di chung song vdi minh
thi sy giii thich, phin trin cua ngudi vp

khdng cd gii tri gi. Cii quyen dupe giai
thich, minh oan, dupe biet rd nguon gdc
van di eua ngudi phy nd cung khdng thi

68

Lttu Thj Hing Vi^l

cd trong xi hpi phong kiin vdi chi dd
nam quyin; vi thi, ngudi vp di chet vi
hda di vl sy ghen ludng, vd tlnh vi bit
edng cda ngudi ching. Biy li bi kjch
ttong quan h$ vp ching bdi hp khdng thi
thio gd miu thuin do ngudi phy nd bj
phin bi^t dii xu ttong chi dd xi hpi
phong kiin lii thdi, Ipe hpu.
Niu nhu truypn cua ngudi Vipt
phin inh bi kjch ttong gia dinh bit ngudn
tu sy ghen tudng cua ngudi chong; lin
in, phd phin ehi dd nam quyin thi ttuyen
ei tich cua ngudi Hin lpi tpp trung md ti
nhihig xung dpi ttong quan h? vp chong
bit nguon tu sy thiiu kien nhan, Idng
tham cua ngudi vp hoic ngudi chdng, co
khi ci hai vi qua dd, giio dye con ngudi
tu dudng, r^n luypn dpo due, tinh eich.
Truypn Cdi lp thdn cho ta thiy Idng tham
khdng cd gidi hpn cua ngudi vp ddng
thdi dpo vp chdng cdng bj phi vd bdi
chinh sy tham lam, dpc ic. Khi cd dupc

chiie lp than vdi ba diiu ude, nguiri vp
ude gl dupc nay: cd dupe nhieu gpo, la
ngudi giiu ed nhit virng, trd thinh ngudi
phy nd xinh dpp. Neu nhu dimg Ipi d ba
dieu ude di trd thanh hipn thyc thi ngudi
vp s5 dupc hudng cupe sdng hpnh phuc,
sung sudng cimg vdi ngudi chdng hien
linh, thpt thi, nhung bdi bin ehit tham
lam, dpc ic, ngudi vp mudn bd ngudi
ehdng di cung chia ngpt se bui vdi minh
eho nen cd vp iy di mat tat ci, mat ca
tinh mpng. Dd Ii hinh phat cho nhung ke
tham lam, Iim nhung dieu ttii ngupc vdi
dao vp chdng. Truypn Ddi va chdng
uang buong li nhihig tieng cudi mia mai
ve tinh tham lam. Hai vp chdng mau
thuin khdng phii vi li do gi to ldn mi chi


Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM

bdi mpt dia bdnh ciia ngudi hdng xdm
mang biSu. Ngudi ndo cijng muln sd hthi
dia bdnh iy vi Ihl ai cung mu6n ihdng
cupc. Hp tham cai lpi trudc mdt md coi
thudng tinh nghia vp chong. Hp khdng
tdn trpng nhau. Ngudi ch^ng khdng ddng
dupc vai trd try cpl; ngudi vp khdng ludn
phuc, kinh trpng ngudi ehdng. M$c dii bj
kd trdm lay hel lit cd cua cdi vd do vgt

quy nhung ngudi chong khdng mdy may
suy nghi ma thay vdo dd Id sy hd he, sung
sudng vi thing cu$c: "The Id bdy gid tdi
CO thi dn chd bdnh ndy mpt minh roi "
[6, tr.321]. Truypn ed kll thiic mang dgm
tinh chit hdi hudc de bdc trin ban chit
xiu xa ciia nhdn v§l. Den vdi truypn Vpr
anh hpc trd biin thdnh con tdm, ta thiy
nguyen nhdn khde dan tdi sy tan vd
khdng the ndi lai trong quan he vo ehdng,
dd Id sy thieu kien nhln eiia ngudi vp.
Ngudi vp rdt kinh trpng ehdng, da chiu
dyng.ldl cd nhiing khd khdn, lo ldng mpi
viec trong gia dinh de eho chdng yen tam
hpe hdnh vdi hi vpng cd dupc cudc sdng
sung sudng hem khi ehdng dd dgt ldm
quan. Ude ma dep dg iy ciia ngudi vo
anh hpc trd da bao Idn bi dap ldt bdi anh
hpc trd may ldn thi deu Ididng dd dat. Tir
thdi thiic mudn thodt ra khdi tinh hudng
khd khdn thye tgi vd su thit vpng vl
chdng, cd da cd hdnh vi sai lim. Cd da ty
rdi bd ehdng vd ciing tu danh mat hgnh
phiie le ra thudc vl minh. Khi ngudi
chdng thi dd, lam quan, gap lgi chdng cii,
ed da ty vdn. Truyen dl cao sy ehung
thiiy vd long kien nhln cua ngudi phu nii
trong mdi quan hp va ehdng eua ngudi
Han.
4.

Quan hf me ghe - con chong

Luu Thi Hdng Vi^i

Quan h$ gifta mp gh6 - con ch^ng
cung Id m$l trong nhthig quan h$ gia dinh
dd dupc dl c§p, phdn dnh trong truydn c6
lfch ciia hai nudc Vipt, Hdn. NOi dung
cda cdc truydn xoay quanh sy d6 kj, ghen
gh^t cua ngudi di gh6 dli vdi con ch6ng.
Nhihig ngudi con lOI nghidp bj mp gh6
hdnh hg, doi xu tdn dc khdng bilt trdng
c§y vdo ddu. Truypn Tam Cdm d Vipt
Nam eho chiing ta thiy rd n^l quan hf
gifta m? ghe - con ehdng: Tim mo cdi
cha me, d vdi dl ghe vd phdi Idm til cd
mpi vipc. Khdng chi dimg lai d dd, mp
eon Cdm cdn ludn cudp doat tdt cd nhChig
gi eiia Tam, cudp dogt cd niem an lii nhd
nhoi nhit ciia ndng. Tpi de ciia mp eon di
ghe cang ngdy cdng ldn. Hp dm muu gilt
chet Tdm khi Tam duoc lam vp vua, de
dua Cdm vdo ldm va vua thay Tdm.
Trong truydn cd lich Hdn Qudc, quan he
giua me ghe - con chong cung dupe nhan
ddn phdn anh rd net va sdu sdc, cung cd
sy cay nghiet ciia me ghe ddi vdi con
chdng. Cung gidng nhu nhdn vat Tam
ciia Vipt Nam, nhdn vdt Y-Pu-Ni trong
truyen Chim Pul-kuc ludn ludn phdi lam

viec khdng nghi ngoi, han thi cdn
thudng bj me ghe ddnh dap dau ddn. Su
sdng eiia Y-Pu-Ni ludn ludn hi de dpa vd
eudi CLing ed be eung khong thodt khdi
dm muu gian de, bat luang eiia mu di
ghe, ddnh ehiu mdt cdi chet oan khde.
5.
Quan hp mp chdng - nang dau
Trong xd hpi, quan he gifta ngudi
vdi ngudi la rat phiic tap. 6 ddu cung ed
ngudi ldt, ke xau; cai thien vd edi dc ludn
ludn tdn tai song song. Cd ngudi sdng
hda thuan vdi xdm lang duac mpi ngudi
yeu quy, giiip dd nhung cung cd ke ich

69


T5ip chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM

kl, muu lpi ci nhin, coi khinh mpi ngudi
vl thi phii chju qua bio. Cd nhdng ngudi
mp ching yiu thuang con diu vi eflng cd
nhihig ngudi con diu hit Idng chim lo
cho mp ching timg miing in, giic ngu.
Du eho bin thin cd ddi khit nhung vln
ludn nhudng cho mp, mong cho mp mau
chdng khde mpnh, coi mp ching nhu
chlnh mp di cua minh. Cd nhflng ngudi
con hieu thio nguydn hi sinh bin thin

minh di cdu cha mp, dem Ipi hpnh phuc
eho cha mp... Doi lip vdi nhflng con
ngudi vdi pham chit cao dpp dd li nhihig
ngudi tham lam, ddc ic, bit luong. Vi the
din gian di phin inh khi chin thyc hi^n
thyc eude sing, mii quan h$ gida mp
chdng ning diu trong cic truydn cd
tich. Ngudi Vipt vdi truypn Quan Am Thi
Kinh (song song vdi chio Quan Am Thj
Kinh) di ndi len mudn vin khd dau, oan
uc ma ngudi con diu phii chju dyng bdi
ngudi chdng va m? chong gian ngoa.
Vdn khdng ua gi ning diu nen khi xiy
ehuypn, ngudi me ehdng mpt mye dd loi
cho eon diu, dii cho eon diu cd hit ldi
phin trin, giii biy. Hinh dpng dudi
ngudi con diu ra khdi nhi cua bi mp
chdng di khiin cupc ddi cua mpt con
ngudi bj dang dd, nhit li dudi thdi phong
kien nhung ngudi con diu iy khdng the
tru ndi bdi nhflng eii nhin soi mdi vi sy
khinh mipt cua ngudi ddi. Ngudi mp
chdng trong cac truypn cd tich Hin Quoc:
Ngudn gdc chim Po-khu-ky, Tiing kiu
ciia chim Kuckoo di tryc tiep giy nen cii
chel cua ngudi eon diu. Sy xuit hipn eua
ning diu trong gia dinh khien bi mp
chdng ludn eanh chimg mpi vipc tu vipc
nhd nhit, ki ci miing in. Vi miing in

70

Lu-u Thi Hing Vi^l

mi hp mit hit nhan tinh, dinh dip ngudi
con diu din chit.
Tuy viy, moi quan h^ gin bd ttin
diy tlnh yiu thuong gida mp ching va
ning diu cflng di dupc cic tic gii din
gian Hin phin inh rd ndt, sinh ddng.
Truydn iiia eiia trai ki ve mii quan h?
tit dpp gida mp chong, ning diu. Hp
ludn yeu thuong, quan tim vi hi sinh cho
nhau, dd nghio khd nhung khdng khi gia
dinh luc nio cflng trin diy tlnh ngudi.
Cudc ddi cua ngudi con diu gip nhieu
bit hpnh, ching chit, hoin cinh gia dinh
nghio khd, phii lim thue lim mudn di
nudi mp chong. E)6i vdi cd, vipc chim
sdc mp ching li mpt niim vui. hpnh phuc
eho nen du cd vit va den miy cd eflng
khdng mpt Icri than vin, mi ngupc lai,
ldng yeu thucrng mp mdi luc mpt Xdn din.
Tlnh cim giihi hai mp eon di sau sic lai
cing ttd nen siu sic, gin bd hon vi
ngudi mp chong rit ty hio ve ngudi con
dau cua minh. Tinh yeu thuong, sy chia
se di giup hai mp con vupt qua mpi kho
khin, thu thieh; ngheo khd khdng the
lam hp nin chi \a cung khdng ed gi co

the chia rS tinh eim thieng lieng iy. Hp
xung ding duyc hudng cupc song no du
suit ddi. Ning diu ttong truypn Chao
giun ddt eflng mang ttong minh pham
ehat ngdi sing, cd hit long chim sdc va
Io ling cho sdc khde eua mp chdng, co
Iim tit ci mpi vipc de nudi mp. Du hoan
cinh gia dinh tung thiiu, cpn kiet ngudn
luong thyc nhung ngudi con diu vin lac
quan, khdng de me phii Io ling. Chinh su
chim sdc in cin, chu dio eua cd da lam
cho ddi mil cua me sang trd lpi, ngudi
mp tu do khdng phai sdng trong dau om.


T9P chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM

benh t$t vd mil Ida nhu trudc. Gia dinh lgi
them phin hgnh phiic, dam am, hda
thugn. Truypn dd ndi den quan h§ hai
chilu: Ndng ddu doi xu hilu thugn, todn
tdm vdi mp ch6ng, mp chong quy trpng
eon dau nhu ehinh eon d6 ciia minh, cung
chia se mpi niim vui, ndi bu6n nen gia
dinh dd cd dupc liing ndi chung vd cd
nin tdng vihig chdc.
Gia dinh cung dupc ngudi Vipt
ludn quan tdm, phdn dnh qua nhftng
truypn cd tich khuyen rdn con ngudi bilt
nang niu, trdn trpng id im ciia minh: con

cdi hilu thugn vdi cha mp, vp chdng mpt
long thiiy chung, anh em doan kit gdn
bd... Nhung trong 201 truypn ed tieh ciia
ngudi Vipt dupc Nguyln Ddng Chi gidi
thieu d Kho tdng trifin cd tich Vi^t Nam
Ihi chi cd truypn Quan Am Thi Kinh ndi
ve sy bit hda gifta m? ehdng vd ndng
ddu, edn quan hp tdt dpp, hai chilu thi
khdng. duoc nhin mgnh, khdng dupc
phdn anh rd nhu Irong cde truypn cd tich
ciia ngudi Hdn {Lua cua trai, Chdo giun
ddt).
6.
Quan hp cha mp - con cai
Ngudi Vipt vd ngudi Han deu quan
lam phan anh mdi quan he gifta cha mp
vd eon cai. Ddi vdi gia dinh phy hp,
ngudi cha la ngudi cd vai trd try cpt, dieu
hanh vd quylt djnh mpi van de, gido due
eon chau gift vutig gia phong. Mdi thanh
vien trong gia dinh ed bdn phan lam theo
ldi ciia "ngudi chii gia dinh". Sy phyc
timg cua con cdi ddi vdi cha me Id nen
tdng de duy tri trgt ty Irong gia dinh. Id
mdl due tinh rat duae coi trpng. Sang tgo
truyen ed tieh, ngudi Viet khdng lgp
trung xdy dyng nhiing nhdn vat ngudi

Liru Thi Hdng Vi^t

con hi sinh than minh dk eftu cha nhu
truypn ciia ngudi Hdn md chu ylu phS
phdn sy xdu xa cua nhOtig ngudi con bit
hilu, lu dd khuyen rdn con ngudi song
diing vdi dgo ldm eon, nhthig thdnh vien
di ngupc vdi dgo li ciia tinh mlu tir sg bj
ddn gian len dn mgnh md vd phdi nhdn
nhChig hinh phgt n$ng nl. Truypn Sijr tich
khdn tang ndi len mpt hipn thyc phu
phdng tdn tgi trong gia dinh hai vp chdng
phli h0, dd Id sy ihd a, Ignh nhgt ciia
nhthig ngudi con doi vdi cha mp. Sy vd
ldm cua con cdi vd tinh dd trd thdnh mdn
chin ngdn cdch tinh cam thi6ng liSng, cao
dpp nhdt trong eude ddi con ngudi, gay
nen dau khd, bdt hanh cho nhirng bac lam
cha ldm mp. Ben egnh dd, truypn eung
ndi den quan nipm "trpng nam khinh nir"
ciia ngudi xua. Truypn Cha m? nudi con
bi hd lai ldng, con nudi cha me ki thdng
ki ngdy da ndi rd quan he cha me vd con
cdi ngay tu nhan de eiia truypn. Nhdn vdt
ngudi cha, ngudi m? duoc ndi tdi trong
truyen la nhung ngudi het ldng vi con
eai, niem vui eiia hp la cde eon nen cd
bao nhieu tdi san chdt chiu dupe, hai vp
chdng deu chia het eho con. Mdt ddi tan
tao den khi tudi gid, siic yeu, hp cftng
khdng cd dupc niem vui trpn vpn. Sy hi
sinh ldn lao vi con cdi lgi bi dap trd bdng

su thirc dau long. Con hp ngay mpt xao
nhang viec chdm sdc cha me: "Moi ngdy
su nudi ndng cha me mdi ti, thdm chi eon
chi mong mau din ki hgn de tdng bo m§
di. Cir nhu vdy chua ddy ba ndm bd me vi
khdng chiu duac ddi vd ret, ldn luat qua
ddi.". Khi phdn anh mdi quan he cha me
- con eai, dan gian da sir dung motif eon
cai ddi xu tan nhdn vdi cha me, motif anh


Tgp chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM

em phin cdng nhau nudi cha m? vi motif
cha mp chit vi ddi, xil. Trong truydn Dira
con trdi ddnh hay li truyin Tiic gd chdn
m(, ngudi Vi$t lin in hinh ddng bit
luong cda ngudi eon trai dii vdi mp gii,
hinh ddng iy khiin trdi khdng dung, dit
khdng tha, ldng ngudi oin giin. Moi
truydn tuy xoay quanh nhthig miu thuin,
xung ddt vdi nguyin nhin khic nhau
nhung deu cd diem ehung nil bit li sy
tha hda vi nhin phim, dpo due eua con
cii. Khi eii ic xen vio cudc song gia
dinh, nd s6 phi vd moi quan h^ thin tlnh,
rudt thjt; gia dinh bj xio trdn inh hucmg
tdi xi hpi, khiin xi hpi cing them rii ren,
phuc tpp.
Gia dinh cd vj tri quan trpng trong

xi hpi nen di dupc phin inh sinh ddng
qua cic truypn cd tich nhung mil din ldc
lai cd cich lya chpn nhflng tim guong
dien hinh khic nhau de giio dye ve chd
"hieu" va Iim ndi bpt quan hp gida cha
mp vi con cai. Neu nhu ngudi Vipt xa>
dyng nhihig nhin vit dien hinh cua sy
bit hieu vdi cha mp thi ngudi Hin lpi
quan tam den sy hieu thio cua eon eii, tu
dd quan hp cha mp - eon cii mang dpm
nghTa tinh vi cim dpng siu sic. Truypn
Shim Ch 'ong ngudi con gdi hiiu thdo di
lim xuc dpng ehung ta bdi hinh dpng eao
dpp cua nhin vit Shim Ch'ong. Tuy thipt
thdi vi sdm md cdi mp nhung ning di
dupe bu dip bdi linh thuong yeu khdng
gi sanh ndi eua ngudi cha. Hai cha con
cung vupt qua mpi khd dau de tin tpi vi
hi vpng. Den tudi trudng thinh, vdi ve
dpp ci ve hinh thuc lin tim hdn. Shim
Ch'ong cang dupc mpi ngudi yeu min,
cam phuc. Niim vui, hanh phuc ldn nhit

72

Luu Thi Hing Vi^l

dii vdi ning li thiy cha dupc sing mit
trd lpi, thoit khdi canh sing mu Ida.
Shim Ch'ong di ty nguy$n hi sinh than

minh di thyc hi^n diiu mong ude dd. Di
khing djnh phim chat ding qu^ cua nhin
vit, din gian di dit nhin vit vio nhflng
tlnh huing khic nghipt vi io le. Tuy
truydn ed xiy dyng chi tiit Shim Ch'ong
trd thinh hoing hiu vi dupc vua yiu
thuong nhung dd khdng phii li hpnh
phuc mi ning mong chd. IChdng ai cd the
thay thi dupc vj tri cua ngudi cha trong
ldng ning, khdng cd cha cupc ddi ning
khdng thi ed niim vui vi tieng eudi.
Giiy phut y nghTa nhit trong eude ddi
Shim Ch'ong dd li luc gip Ipi cha. Ngiy
cha eon hpi ngd li mpt ngay trin diy
nude mil - nude mil eua hpnh phuc ldn
lao vi cflng chinh giiy phut a> di lim
eho ddi mil cua ngudi cha sing ttd lpi.
Dd li mpt sy ki dipu. Sy hieu thio cua
ngudi con gii.di dem din inh sing cho
ddi mil nguiri cha vi dd eflng li inh sang
ludn ludn \'ihig bin cua tinh cha eon.
Hoan cinh ngheo khd li die diem chung
cua cic gia dinh cd mil quan hp cha me con cai siu ning, bdi chinh hoin cinh ay
gdp phan thu thich tinh cich, phim chit
cua con nguiri. Din gian qua dd khing
djnh: du cupc sdng ngheo ve vit chit
nhung tinh eim phii ttin day, eon ngudi
CO tlnh cd nghTa thi se cd tit ca (.Cd chip
miia ddng). Do chju inh hudng sau sic
cua Nho giio, liy dao due lam diu trong

mpi ung xu gia dinh, x i hpi, ngudi Han
rit tin ludng vao viee con ngudi se dupc
thudng hay phpt tuy theo hinh dpng cua
hp ed hpp vdi nguyen lac dao ddc hay
khdng vi tuy theo muc dp tin tudng vao


Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM

trat ly dgo diic trong xd h^i. Tim ldng
hilu thdo cua con cdi ddi vdi cha mp
dupc ngudi Hdn dua vdo truypn cd tich
vdi niem ly hdo vd trdn trpng.
7.
Quan h$ n&ng ddn - dja chD^
nhd giau
Vipt Nam vd Hdn Quoc la hai nudc
tu xua dd xuat hipn sy phdn bi^l ve ihdn
phgn, dia vj vd sy phdn chia giai eip (giai
cip bdc Ipt vd giai cip bj bdc Ipt). Quan
h? ndy dupc phdn dnh, the hipn rd qua
quan he gifta dja chii, nhd gidu vd ngudi
ndng ddn. Tuy khdng phdi dja chii, nhd
gidu ndo cung Id nhthig ke xdu xa, nhung
ndi bdt van la nhftng phdn lu ldy sire
mgnh cua lien ldi de uc hiep dan ldnh. Do
dd, quan hp gifta dia chu, nha giau vdi
ngudi ndng dan ngheo khd ca bdn Id mdu
thuan khdng dung hda. Mdu ihudn nay
dupc phdn dnh trong nhthig truyen ciia

ngudi Viet rdt rd net. Truypn Cdy tre
trdm dot xoay quanh hai nhdn vdl chinh:
phli dng va anh ndng phu ngheo. Dieu
kien ban ddu phii dng dua ra Id hua ga
con gdi eho anh neu anh that thd, chdm
chi ldm viec. Anh ndng phu da thyc hien
het minh, lao dpng qudn quat vi tin tudng
vdo ldi hiia ciia chu. Neu phii dng thai
ldng hua hen nghiem ehinh thi se khdng
cd vdn de gi, nhung dd chi Id ldi hua hdo
de lua gat va bdc lot sue lao dpng eiia
nhftng ngudi that thd, ca lin nhu anh
ndng phu ngheo. Vi le dd, phii dng dd
nghT ra mdt dieu kien, mdt meo lua ma
siic lyc con ngudi khdng ai lam dupc: ldo
yeu eau anh ndng phu lim mdt edy tre cd
tram ddt dl lam sinh ll. Ldo nhd gidu rdt
ddc y vdi dilu kien do vd hodn loan tin
chdc la anh ndng phu khdng bao gid thuc

Liru Thi Hdng Vi^t

hi^n dup'c. Ldo yen ldm, ung dung td
chuc ddm cudi cho con gdi vdi mpt ngudi
khde thupc gia dinh gidu cd. Trong khi
ngudi ta dang ddc thing, hd he, sung
sudng td chdc mpt ddm cudi thi anh ndng
phu phdi di hit khu rimg ndy din khu
rimg khde lim cho dupe cay tre cd m^t
trdm ddl vdi sy tuy^t vpng. Ddy chinh Id

linh trgng khon quan, be ldc eiia nhftng
ngudi lao dpng ngh^o khd, th^t thd trong
xd h0i bat edng. Nlu truypn ket thiic d
ehi tiet nay thi sy xung dpi gifta ngudi
bde Ipt va ngudi bj bdc lpi chua ndi 16n
dieu gi, vi the dan gian dd xay dung nSn
nhdn vdt Byt de cdt truyen tiep tyc phdt
trien. Byt da bdy cho anh ndng phu each
thuc de cd dupc cdy tre trdm ddt, tu dd
anh dd ty minh hodn thanh edng viec, dgt
ldi mue dich cudi ciing. Sy gian xao eua
lao nhd giau dd phdi trd gid, lao vd ngudi
nha bj dinh chat vdo cdy tre vd sau dd
phai gd con gai eho anh ndng phu - ngudi
md trude day lao ludn coi thudng, khinh
miet.
Ngay ea nhdn vgl chang trai d
truyen MSi ddi eung bi roi vao dm muu
eiia cha eon irudng gid. Cd nhiing nha
giau khdng hai long ve nhirng gi minh cd
ma mong muon sy gidu sang han bpi ldn
bdng thii dogn lai dyng nhimg ngudi
ndng dan ngheo khd that thd, chdn chdt.
Chang trai ngheo may mdn ed vien ngpc
quy, nhd nd md chang mudn gi eung
duac. Cd gdi, con ciia mdl trudng gia
trong ldng da am muu ket duy^n ciing
chdng trai de biel bi quylt trd nen gidu ed
va lay trdm ngpc quy eiia chdng.
Bao gid cdn cd sy dp biie, bdc lot

thi khi ay cdn tdn tai mau thuan giua
73


• Tap OhI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM

nhihig ngudi lao dpng luong thi^n, thil
thi vi nhflng ki giiu cd, ciy vio sue
mpnh eda ding tiin. Thyc ti nhChig
ngudi din nghdo khdng thi chiin thing
nhdng thi lye gian ic, eude ddi hp ludn
bj din ip vi khdng biet kiu ai. Vi viy,
din gian di su dyng yiu ti thin kl di gui
gim mo ude ve mpt cupc sing edng
bing.
Quan hi gifl'a dja chu, nhi giiu vi
nhihig ngudi ndng din dupc phin inh
trong truypn cd lich cua ngudi Hin khdng
mang tinh gay git nhu ttong truydn ci
tich ciia ngudi Vipt. Sy chong doi eua
nhin din dupc ngudi Hin thi hipn cd
phin nhp nhang hon. Nhin vpt lio nhi
giiu dpc ic dupc ndi tdi trong truy$n
Ddu tdy miia ddng di sai ngudi hau cua
minh thyc hipn mpt vipc khdng cd thyc,
dd li tim diu lay vio mua ddng Ipnh.
Ngudi hiu di tu chdi cdng vipc niy vdi
nhimg li do chinh dang: "diiu md dng
mudn thi ki hdu hg ndy khdng thi thgc
hiin dupc g. Ddu tdy khdng ra qud vdo

mita ddng". Niu nhu d cic truypn eua
ngudi Vipt, nhin vit ngudi ndng din
ngheo bj roi vio canh tuypt vpng phii
nhd vio sy trp giup ciia yeu td thin ki thi
ngudi hiu trong truypn Ddu tdy miia
ddng Ipi dupc ngudi con thdng minh giup
dd. Chi bing nhflng dan chimg, lip lupn
hpp li trong mpt cupc ddi dip ngin, cpu
be di khien lao nha giiu xiu hd, tu dd lio
khdng bao gid dim dua ra nhdng Ipnh
ngd ngin. Ngudi Hin cdn cd truyen Bdn
bdng rdm ciia cdy xoay quanh miu thuan
giua chang trai ngheo vdi mpt lao nha
giiu tham lam, ngu xuin. Ban ITnh cung
vdi tri thdng minh da giup ehing Irai

74

Liru Thi Hdng Vi^l

chiin thing lio nhi giiu vi khiin lio
phii ty rdi bd ling, ching trai trd thanh
chii nhin cua ngdi nhi to ldn cua lio nha
giiu mdt eich don giin, de ding. Nhu
viy, chung ta cd the thiy mil quan hp
gida ngudi din nghdo vdi nhdng ke nha
giiu trong truydn ci tich Hin Quoc tuy
cd miu thuin, xung dpt nhung miu thuan
iy dupc giii quyit mpt cich don giin
hem so vdi cich giii quyit van di cua

ngudi Vi^t.
Truydn cd tich Vipt Nam vi Han
Quoc di phin inh khi diy du cie mdi
quan hp gida ngudi vdi ngudi. d quan hp
nio eflng cd dien hinh ve eii tdt vi eai
xiu, cii thipn vi cii ie; vua ed nhihig
diim gidng nhau Ipi \ ua cd nhthig diem
khic nhau ttong truypn cd tich eiia hai
nudc.
8.
Ket lupn
Nhin ehung, \an de mi truypn co
tich cua ngudi Vipt va ngudi Hin hay de
cpp li mil quan hp gida ngudi vdi nguiri
theo kieu thu bic tren - dudi. Miu thuan
chu yeu xoa> quanh vin de cua cai,
quyen lyc, dja \ j. Che dp xa hpi phong
kien deu tdn tpi hing nghin nim d Viet
Nam vi Hin Qudc, \a ttong xi hpi ay
con ngudi ci nhin ludn bj xem nhe.
Truypn co tich cua ngucri Vipt tuy cung
lay dpo due vi tinh cam lam chinh yeu
nhung \eu td dpo due vi nhimg quan
nipm Nho giao ehi phdi den quan he eha
me vi eon cai ttong gia dinh cda ngudi
Viet khdng siu dpm nhu ddi vdi cac gia
dinh ngudi Hin. Chinh vi viy mi dan
gian hai nude da cd nhihig khic biel khi
phan inh nhihig vin de thupc pham vi
dao due, img xd gida cha me - con cai va

T?p chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM

niii quan he ngupc lpi gitta con cii vdi
eha mp cflng nhu cic quan h$ khic.
Viet Nam vi Hin Quoc cd nhdng
nrong ding vi vin hda. Sy tuong ding
iy ed epi ngudn sau xa, ton tpi suit hing
ngan nim, sg li co sd vflng chic di moi

Luu Thi Hing Vi^l

quan hp Vipt Nam - Hin Quic ngiy cing
phit triin. Mil khic, sy khic bipl trong
vin hpc cua hai din tdc lai khien cho mii
quan h$ gifla hai nudc cd y nghTa die
bipt, tpo co sd eho nhttng cudc giao luu
vin hda trong tuong lai.

TAI Lifu THAM KHAO
Nguyen Ding Chi (2000), Kho tdng truyin cd tich Viit Nam, tip 1, Nxb Giio dpe.
Ha Npi.
2. Nguyen Ding Chi (2000), Kho tdng truyin cd tich Viit Nam, tgp 2, Nxb Giio dye.
Ha Npi.
3. Dpi hpc Quoc gia Hi Npi, Trudng Dai hpc Khoa hpe Xi hpi va Nhin vin, Khoa
Ddng Phuong hpe (2006), Tgp hpp cdc bdi gidng chuyen di Hdn Quic hpc. Ha Npi.
4. Jeon Hie Kyung (2005), Nghien cuu so sdnh truyin cd Hdn Quoc vd Viit Nam thong
qua tim hiiu sir tich dpng vdl. Nxb Dpi hpc Qudc gia Hi Npi, Ha Npi.
5. Dinh Gia Khanh (chu bien) (2001), Van hpc ddn gian Viet Nam, Nxb Giao due. Ha

Npi.
6. Dang Vin Lung (chu bien) (1998), Truyin cd Hdn Qudc, Nxb Vin hoa Dan tpc. Ha
Npi.
7. Dang Vin Lung (2002), Tiep can vdn hoa Hdn Quoc, Nxb Van hda Thdng tin. Ha
Npi.
8. Le.Hdng Phong (2001), Vdn hpc ddn gian Viit Nam (Bai giang tdm tit), (luu hanh
npi bp), Trudng Dai hpe Da Lat.
9. Nguyen Ba Thanh (1996), Tuang dong vdn hda Viet Nam - Hdn Qudc, Nxb Van hda
Thdng tin. Ha Npi.
10. Hoing Tiin Tuu (2003), Binh gidng truyen ddn gian, Nxb Giao due.
11. Luu Thi Hdng Viet (2007), So sdnh n-uyin co tich Viet - Hdn, Luin vin thae sT Ngtt
van, Trudng Dai hpc Da Lat.
1.

(Ngiy Tda soan nhin duvc bii: 04-3-2011: ngiy phin biin dinh gii. 04-4-2011
ngiy chip nhin ding: 10-8-2012)

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