một số trao đỏi về việc thực hành ứng xử văn hóa phật giáo

MQT S6 TRAO D6| v i VI§C THI/C HANH
C/NG xCr V A N H 6 A PHAT GIAO PHU HOP

VAN HOA NGl/dl VIET
TRAN THI DI$U THOY*

rong qud trinh giao luu vd tilp biln
vdn hfia, Phfit gido din Vidt Nam
td rit sdm, dd vd dang dl l^i nMlu diu Sin
sfiu dfim trong tdm hfin, tinh cdm ngudi
Vidt. Phfit gido hfii dii cdc giai ting ciia xd
hfii, khfing phfin bidt Ida tuli, dia vi, nghi
ngM^p,... Phfit gido cung dnh hUdng t d
nMlu mdt cua dd sdng xd hdi Vi^t Nam.
Td xUa ddn nay, gido 1^ td bi, tmh thin
Mdu hfia, Mdu sinh ciia Phfit gido lufin
dugc ngudi Vidt dl cao. Tinh ngUdi, lfing
nhdn di vi tha theo thdt 1^ nhd Phfit djng
nfing dugm trong ca dao tyc ngd, trong cdc
tdc phim vfin hpc thdnh vfin; Ph$t gido cfi
mfit b khip cdc loEii Mnh nghd thu$t, nhd
ngh$ thufit tao Mnh, nghd thufit sdn khiu,
filu khic... Dfic bifit, cdc phong tuc tfip
qudn cua Phfit gido nhu tdp tuc dn chay,
thd Ph$t, phfing sanh vd bd tM; tdp tuc
cung r&m, mung mfit vd ll chua; ngM thdc
ma chay, cUdi hoi, ... lufin lufin dfing hdnh
vdi sd dfing cufic ddi ngud ddn Vidt!

T

Ti^ viy, bin c^nh nhufng m$t tdt, vide
thyc Mdn tin ngudng d^o Phfit ctia ngud
lidn Mdn nay vfin cfin nMlu v&a dl bit
cip. Sy nip bfing ho$c Igi dung tfn ngudng
Phfit gido ctia nhOng kl ngoai dao vd td
tfim dang Id v ^ n^n nhdc nhdi. Bd v|iy,
b&ng phudng phdp phfin tich tdi Udu vd
filu tra xfi hfii hgc, qua bdi vilt ndy, chiing
tfii mudn trao ddi mpt sd vSn de xung
quanh vific thyc hdnh iing xd vfin hfia Phfit
gido sao cho phd hgp vbi ndt dep cua bdn
sic vfin hfia dfin tfic Vidt Nam chung ta.
1. Th^c tr^ng vi$c thi^c hanh tin
ngitSng Ph^t gi&o hi^n nay d Yi^t
Nam chite di v&o n i n n&'p, Uit XSM con
dan xen
Dao Ph$t Id tfin gido ddt Id ich vi con
ngud, do con ngUd, cho con ngud. Ld tdn
gido day vl con dudng dao ddc va hudng
tMdn, dao Ph§t hudng tdi hanh phuc ctia
con ngud, cM ro cudc dd Id be kho.

* Ths. Trdn Thi Di$u ThOy, Truerng Dai hpc N^i vu Hd Nfii


Trdn Thj Di$u Thdy - Mdt sStrao dSi vi vi$c thyle hdnh dng xd...
nguyin nhfin vd con dUdng gidi thodt nfii
khd. CJon ngud gdm cfi hai phin, phin
"Con" vd phin "Ngud", hai phin ndy
thdng nhit trong sy ddi Ifip. Phin "Con" Id

phin vfi minh. Phin "Ngud" Id phin vdn
hfia, phin nhfin bdn. D90 phftt lufin hudng
con ngud t d phin "Ngud", cdng nhU bdn
chat ctia con ngud lufin cfi "Phfit tinh", cfi
"tdm Phfit".
Vifit Nam cfi mfit nin vfin hfia dugc hun
due bao dd trong tinh thin Phfit hgc; tU
tudng tridt hgc Phfit gido phd hgp vd tfim
tu tanh cdm ctia ngud Vi^t. Gido I^ nhd
Phfit Id nguyin IJ trudng tfin qua bao thd
^ , dd dugc ngud Tidt Nam kilm ngMdm
b&ng nghin ndm Uch sd dfin tdc. Trong dd
sdng tdm Iinh ctia ngudi Vidt, Chda Id mdt
dia danh rit linh tMeng vd tfin kinh.
Ngudi dan ddn chua dl lim sU binh an, sy
thanh than sau thd gian ldm vific mdt
moi. Co ngud Idp phti, Ifip dan, thd Ddc
Phdt. Mpt bfi phdn ldn thudng dn chay,
mem Phfit vao ngdy ll hay theo mdt chu
^ da dinh sdn nhu r&m, mdng mfit, mdng
tdm, mUd tdm, hai ba.hodc cd bidt cfi
ngud cit tfic fi tu, dpc thupc cdc gido ly
nhd Phat, cdc vfih dl vl gid ludt...
Thdi dai ngdy nay la thd dai cua sy
phat trien vl tri thdc, vl kinh te, chinh tri,
xa hpi..; bin canh diy ciing Id sy phdt trien
cua cdc van nan xa hfii.

59

cdm" trd thdnh mfit cdn bdnh cua mdt bfi
phfin ngud trong xfi hdi. Bin canh dfi, sy
dnh hudig ciia nin kinh td thi trudng, ldm
cho mdt sd ngud Igi dyng ydu tjS tdm linh,
sy Mdu bidt khfing diy dii aia ngudi dfin
vl d^o Phit dl bufin thdn bdn thdnh, ldm
Igi cho bdn thfin.
Nfit dep ciia cdc Mnh thdc fi ll chda,
hdi chiia, IS bdo Mdu, 1§ xd tdi, thip hUOng
r&m, mfing mfit mang ^ ngMa tdm linh.
Mfit tdt Id cdc ngM ll ndy dfi dugc kit hgp,
chuyin hfia b&ng boat ddng td tMdn, b&ng
cdc chuong tiinh nhfin dao, gidp dd tre em
hi bfi rd, ddng viln tmh thin ngudi b|nh
Mim nghdo, phdt tdm cijtu giup ngudi
nghdo, thdnh Idp tMin vidn... Nhuttig, cung
cfi nMlu ngM ll tMin vl hinh thdc, tMlu
vdn hfia. Cdc chda thudng Ifip ddn, ehan td,
ky an, ciu silu, ma chay...vdo ngdy r&m,
mong mpt hay nhiing ngdy diu ndm, ngud
fi le chua chen chdc, xfi diy nhau de dugc
ll. Phin ldn trudc cdng den chua da dugc
thuong mai hfia, fin do mua bdn diy du cdc
mdt hdng, gid ca lai dit do, ldm mat fi
cdm gidc thdnh tMdn cua ddi sdng tdm
linh, ldm viy due cfii tMlng...
Tinh trang ml tin di doan mfit cdch me
mudi, cuong tin, thdi qud, huyIn hodc nhU
ddng bfing td phii, ddng cfi bfing cdu, xin
xdm, vay tiln thdnh, xin lpc, xinfin...ciing

dang nd rp.

Cfi thd nfii, thd ky ndy Id mot thd k^
Cai tfii cd nhfin lan dt, chii nghia vi ky
ra ddi, vd con ngudi quay theo guong quay diy lo fiu, con ngudi lufin sfi'ng trong tdm
ciia xa hpi, quen fi tinh ldng ngMa xfim, trang bat an cho nen hp lim dl'n vd vdn
tinh dfing cM, dfing ngMlp, tinh ngudi. "Vfi hfia tfim linh - trong do co dao Phgt nhd


60
mt)t 18 tif nhiSn dS tim of blnh an.
Hutag tai Ph$t Ui hadng ttim linh, "TSm linh lit cujc sSng theo
chiiu sftu, trong chiiu sAu t6i thu^g. Bfin
dinh tim t^u chinh bin thl minh". NhU
v$y, sting tim Unh li sting vdi chinh minh,
v«i tim hin minh. Dudng nhu, khi cuOc
sing ngiy m^t hi$n d|u vi vin minh, con
ngudi 1^ cing mutfn tim vi nhOng gii trj
c6 xua, nhOng ytfu ttf tim Iinh huyin bi.
NguM din huang vi dfio Phit, di li chda
vdi nliiiu tim nguydn vi nhiiu m^c dich
khic nhau. Theo chiing ttfi, c6 03 myc dich
CO bin mi con ngiidi dtfn noi ciJra Phit, thd:
nhtft li hp mutfn dupc an tim; thU hai li
cAu lpi; thii ba li vi itf stfng.
2. V$y thl, chung ta ph&i l&m th£ n i o
de ngifv i n hoa Ph^t gido vijia diing tinh
thSn ciia Ph$t giao, vite phii h ^ vdi

v i n hoa ngi/cii Vi$t
2.1. Phtft khtfng phii li mOt vj thSn
thinh c6 nhilu ph^p thSn thdng bien h6a
mi Phit li m$t nhi tU tudng. Ciu chuyan
lich siJr vi thii tur Ttft Bat Da sau btfn muoi
chin ngiy thiin dinh da dat trang thii an
lac, thanh tinh tuy^t dtfi, trong diu tif
nhiin phit sinh ra sU hitfu bitft tai sao con
ngudi khtf, nguy&n nhin vi con dudng
chtfm dut noi khtf tfy da lim sing rd y
nghia c5i Phit. Di theo duTc Phit nhu thtf
nao li dung vi phu hpp vdi vin hda, tinh
than ngudi Vi^t? Khtfng phii nhiitng ngudi
trtfn trinh trich nhi$m vdi cutfc ddi, b6

Nghien Cliu Ddng Nam A 6/2012
nhi, b6 aia, b6 gia ifinh lin stfng trtfn
chtia, sutft ngiy thip huong gd mi, dpc
kinh niy, chti np, nitfm phit, cAu siSu, cdu
an, t u nhOng ngudi d6 mdi li Chinh
Ph$t; hofic li bii thit ldn, hiu ding mtft
cich cuing si, ciir tudng tupng ndnh c6 cin
niy qui np, vi nhi l^p phii, lip ditfn thd
nguy nga tring Itf hay dpc thutfc cic giio
If phtft giio mtft cic vft thUc, in chay theo
ljch trinh di djnh sfin nhu mtft nghi li ...
tM mdi li ngudi c6 Tim Phit. Titfp nhtfn
giio \$ Phtft giio, chung ta ciin phin bitft
giCta chinh tin vi mtf tin. Trd lai ciu
chuytfn vl thii tur Ttft Dat Da thinh Phit,

vitfc di theo Phtft li thuc hinh nhilu
phuong phip khic nhau dtf cin bhng
trang thii tuih thin, diiu chinh tU duy,
lim cho diu dc ctia minh thanh tinh; li
loai bd nhiing Tham - Sin - Si, md ra su
hiiu bitft, trong dtf die bitft thtfy ro
nguygn nhin cua dau khtf, ciia sU htft an,
thtft vpng vi con dudng hanh phiic ctia
chinh hin thin minh dtf stfng vi phtfn dtfu
theo hudng Chin - Thitfn - My . WMI vtfy,
vtfn di li con ngudi phii hiiu bitft vi thay
doi tu duy, lim chu vi kiem soit difpc "cii
dtfu" (chO' ditng ctia "Duy tu$"), dd mdi li
lim theo con dudng ciia Phtft.
2.2. Vitfc thd phung 11 bii trong nhi vi
tr6n chua ciing can dupc thuc hinh theo
diing giio 1^ nhi Phtft vi bin stfc vin hlia
truyin thtfng ctia din ttfc. Xua nay, trong
mii gia dinh ngudi Vijt cd truyin thtfng
thitft lip bin thl dl thd cung vi 11 bii.
Thd nghia li biy td sU ttfn kinh, nilm tin,
tri in, bio in qui khii, nhu thd Ttf qutfc,


Trdn Thf Di$u Thdy • Mdt sdtrao ddi vi vi$c thifc hdnh ling xH...
thd Phfit, thd Td tifin, 6ng Bd, Cha Mp.
Nhdng fi dnh, nhiing nin huong, nhdng
ddi ndn, nhiifng cdnh hoa tdd ... Id g^ch ndi
giao cdm tfim linh giCTafingbd, t l tidn, chU
Phdt mud phuoi^ vd tfim Unh ciia mfin

dfi, dd td vd ciia con chdu hp hdng; chd
khfing phdi ddt thfit nMlu vdng mfi, cting
heo quay thfit ldn.. md Id tfin kinhl
Di ll chda Id nfit vdn hfia dpp ciia ngud
\^dt nfii riing, ngud phuong Dfing nfii
chung. Cting mdt It hoa qud, mdt cdnh hoa
tud, thip ndn nhang, ddnh mdt tidng
chufing hay mfi ngfin lln trong khfing gian
yIn t^iih cua cdnh chda dl tu minh, gd
lfing minh hudng theo cfii Ph^t Id nit dep
ciia vdn hfia tam linh. Dilu cin chu f kM
fi ll chda Id chung ta chd f dl'n cdch dn
mdc. Id nfii, bUdc fi phd hgp vd khfing kW
cua nhd dida chd khfing phai b sy sang
trpng phd hoa kech cdm. Chiing ta can lln
dn mdt sd ngUdi Igi dyng mIm tin vd su
Meu bidt nfing can ctia da sd quin chiing
trong vipc thd cung vd ll bdi. Hg khai thdc
van dl me tin, di doan nh&m bufin thin
bdn thdnh dl tryc Id. Hg bdy vl thlm
nMeu le ngM mo hfi v6 ngMa, kMln cho
viec thd cung vd ll bdi trd nin phdc tap
Idm giam gid tri truyin thdng vdn hfia ldu
dd cua ddn tfic.
2.3. Can tJtng dung gid lu^t vdo trong
cupc sdi^ mdt cdch linh hoat khfing mdy
moc. Gidi ludt, kinh Phat khfing phai Id
fieu gi cao xa, bi Mim md gin gui vd cudc
sdng binh thudng h&ng ngdy. Thd dai
ngdy nay, cdi tfii, cdi vi 1^, khdt vpng tiln

61

b^c, cfing danh, dia vi lin dt mfit nhfin
bdn. Con ngUdi tdn phd tMin nMIn, hiiy
ho^i ndi rimg. Cdc lodi ddng vdt qu^ MIm
dang trin dUdng b) tuydt chiing, mfii
trudng dang bi tdn phd... dfi Id chdng ta
dang vi ph^m tuih thin "bit sdt" »ia ngu
gid. Thyc hdnh khfing "Bit dao" tdc
khfing Iiy hay cMlm dopt cua cdi, tdi sdn
ciia ngud khdc, bao gfim cd hdnh vi Ida
gpt, mi ddn nhu diu co, Ip gid, cho vay
nfing ldi. Khfing td dfim, sdng ldnh manh
trong hdn nhfin, chung thiiy mdt vg mfit
chdng, gid gin hanh phdc gia finh. Khfing
nfii sai sU thfit; khfing nfii ddi, khfing nfii
Id thiu ddt, hai mdt, hung dc dem lai bit
an cho ngud khdc. Khfing rugu bia be tha,
ma ttiy ldm te Ufit h$ thin kinh, gidm kha
ndng dl khdng, tdn hai co thl, gay chdt
chfic khd dau, bpnh tat.
Chiing ta cin cfi ddc tin chfin chinh
ldnh manh ldm chfi dua tin thin dd vUon
lln trUdc nhdng khfi khdn cua cupc dd.
Bidt phdn bidt chdnh tin vd ml tin, ndm
ro the ndo Id tin ngudng cfi vdn hfia vd
khfing vdn hfia, loai trd than quyen, tin
ngudng vong bdn, xem con ngud Id cfing cu
dl phuc vy thin quyen qud Id mpt de dga

trim trpng cho vdn hfia dfin tfic.
2.4. Sy qudn 1^ cua nhd nUdc vd vdn hfia
Phdt gido rit cin tMet vd quan trpng.
Cdc cip chinh quyin nudc ta cfi truyen
thdng tfin trpng ty do tin ngudng; nhdn
ddn ta ihig xd hfia Mdu, mem dio vd cdc
tdn gido cung da td lau dd. Ciing nhu cdc
tfin gido khdc, Phgt gido lufin dugc nhd


62

Nghiin nhl Ddng Nam A 612012

nude quan tfim, t^o mgi filu kidn thuin Igi
dl tdn t ^ vd phdt triln. Song, dl filu
cMnh vide th\ft: hdnh tin ngUdng theo dting
gido 1^ nhd Phit vd vfin hfia dfin tdc, nhd
nudc cin cfi gidi phdp xfty dgng nip sdng
vfin hfia tin ngudng md, giio dye ddc tin
vd dd sdng vdn hfia tfim Unh ddng din cho
ngud ddn.

lufin Id mfit filu cin tMdt dl dem lai sU an
blnh cho con ngUd vd xfi hdi-

Phai kdt hgp vdi gido hdi Phdt gido
thanh Igc ddi ngu tu sy khfing ddng din;
tdng cUdng gido due tdng ni, ph$t tii dl hp
vda cfi tri thdc vda cfi dao ddc vd hdnh dao

dung phuong chfim tdt ddi, dep dao.

thyc hdnh tfin gido dai chdng dat t d chit
lugng dd sdng tfim linh nhU thl chinh Id
nhdng gid tr; vdn hfia fich thuc, gfip phin
tao dyng nin vfin hfia Phfit gido \^dt Nam
d&n tfic vd Mdn dai.

Vd tinh chit mfit nin vfin hod cfi cMlu
sfiu, cfi khd ndng tdc ddng sfiu sie, nudi
dudng vd phit triln ddi s5ng tfim linh ciia
m&i ngUd, sg hod gidi, Uln muih giiia
chfnh tri vd tfin gido Id mdt filu cin thilt
dl tfto ra qud trinh phit triln cfi tinh chit
Nhd nudc cin ban hdnh d^o luit xiHr quAn binh vd tofin fid" cbo dit nudc.
ph^t ngMlm minh cie hdnh vi vi ph^m
Phit giio cfi khd nfing ndng cao nhin
ndp sdng vdn hfia tfim Unh cda dfin tdc nfii thdc vd quy ty luong tri, tfim linh con ngud
chung, ctia d^o Phfit nfii riing. Nhdng Mdn hudng vl nhiing gid tri nhfin bdn. Rd rdng,
tugng cufing tin, nhdng kl Igi dyng mdm Phit gido khfing thl Idm thay cdc cfing
tin tMdu CO sd khoa hgc cua nhfin dfin dl vide thudc vl thl chd xfi hdi nhU sU qudn
hdnh nghi, tryc Igi. biln nhdng nd linh 15^ hdnh chinh, phdp luit, giio dye. nhUog
tMlng ciia vdn hfia ddn tdc thdnh nd mua hodn todn cfi thl tham gia filu cMnh khd
- bdn, vay - trd mdt cdch trin tuc cin cfi ndng nhin thdc, khuyin kMch filu tMdn
chd tdi loai bfi..
vd ngdn ch$n cdi dc, lfing tham. Mdt sU

3. Cd thi ndi, sU ddng gdp cOa Phdt gido So vd cdc giai do?ui trudc dfiy trong Uch
vda qud trinh x&y difiig vd phdt triin vdn sijr, giai doan Mdn nay Id giai doan tMdi
hod ddn tdc Id mot sU ddng gdp v6 gid, ddchgp nhit cho su xuit Mdn mfit loai thd eo

bi%t Id tr&n phuang di&n tU tudng vd tinh
dfic bidt md chting ta thudng gpi Id thdi ca
thdn. Ching han nhu khfing thl nfii ddn vdn hod. Ddy chinh Id thd co thuan Igi dl
ddc khoan dung nhU mdt trong nhiing tdp trung suy ngM, thdo lu$n vd hdnh dfing
phim chit dfic trung cua vdn hod \^idt vl nhiing vin dl cfi Uln quan ddn vdn hod
Nam ndu khfing dl cfip ddn su dnh hudng cd trin phuong fifin vi mfi lin vi mfi. Via
sdu sic tinh thin vd ngd cua Phfit gido. de tdng hpp vdn hod • mfit filu khfing thl
Trong mdt thd dai cfin mang diy tinh tMdu trong qud trinh xfiy dUng vd phdt
than cd chap vd cufing tfn nhU thdi dai triln nen vdn hod ddn tfic da den luc d n
ngdy nay thi tinh thin vfi nga vd bao dung phdi ddt ra vd suy ngM ngMlm tuc./.