ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI LẠI Hóa học lớp 10 Năm học 20212022
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SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
TRƯỜNG THPT ĐÀO SƠN TÂY
ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN THI LẠI
NĂM HỌC: 2021 – 2022
Mơn: Hóa học – Khối 10
NỘI DUNG: Từ bài Halogen đến Cân bằng hóa học
Dạng 1: Hồn thành các chuỗi phản ứng sau (ghi rõ điều kiện, nếu có)
a. FeS2
1
→
(1)
→
c. Zn
d. KMnO4
SO2
→
ZnS
(1)
→
→
O2
g. S
(1)
→
h. SO2
i. FeS
H2S
( 2)
→
→
S
→
H2S
1
→
1
→
FeS
SO2
2
→
→
S
( 3)
→
→
→
H2SO4
H2SO4
2
→
S
H2S
→
→
FeS
H2SO4
→
3
→
HCl
HCl
3
→
Na2SO4
(6)
→
H2S
→
(7)
→
SO3
(6)
→
CuO
H2SO4
7
→
H2SO4
(7)
→
SO2
CuCl2
(8)
→
(8)
→
8
→
AgCl
Fe2(SO4)3
Na2SO3
(9)
→
SO2
→
NaCl
(5)
Na2S
(4)
→
4
→
Na2SO4
Cu(OH)2
6
→
(5)
( 4)
H2S
SO2
(5)
→
(4)
(3)
→
H2SO4
CuSO4
5
→
(5)
( 4)
→
(3)
SO2
4
→
( 4)
( 3)
(2)
→
SO3
H2SO4
→
SO2
(2)
O2
3
→
( 3)
( 2)
(1)
→
f. SO2
SO3
( 2)
(1)
e. KClO3
2
→
Cl2
Cl2
(5)
→
5
→
4
→
PbS
NaClO
FeCl3
NaCl
(6)
→
5
→
Fe(OH)3
AgCl
6
→
Ag
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Dạng 2: Hồn thành phương trình hóa học
1. Mg + H2SO4 loãng .........................................................................................................................
2. CuO + H2SO4 loãng........................................................................................................................
3. Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 loãng..................................................................................................................
4. NaOH + H2SO4 loãng......................................................................................................................
5. K2CO3 + H2SO4 loãng.....................................................................................................................
6. Ba(NO3)2 + H2SO4 loãng.................................................................................................................
7. FeS + HCl.......................................................................................................................................
8. SO2 + Br2 + H2O..............................................................................................................................
9. H2S + O2 dư.....................................................................................................................................
10. C + H2SO4 đặc....................................................................................................................
11. Al2O3 + H2SO4 loãng.......................................................................................................................
12. Fe + H2SO4 loãng............................................................................................................................
13. SO2 + NaOH dư.................................................................................................................
14. Na2SO3 + H2SO4 lỗng....................................................................................................................
Dạng 3: Khơng dùng quỳ tím, bằng phương pháp hóa học hãy nhận biết các dung dịch mất nhãn
sau:
1. Na2SO4 , Na2SO3, CaCl2, Zn(NO3)2
2. NaBr, Mg(NO3)2, K2SO4, Na2S
3. KBr, K2SO3, K2SO4, Ba(NO3)2
4. NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2S, NaNO3
5. Ba(NO3)2, K2SO3, K2SO4, KCl
Dạng 4 : Điều chế
Câu 1. a/ Từ KMnO4, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế khí O2
b/ Từ quặng pirit sắt (FeS2), khơng khí, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế khí
SO2
Câu 2. a/ Từ KClO3, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế khí O2
b/ Từ SO2, nước clo, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế axit H2SO4
Câu 3. a/ Từ Fe, khí Cl2, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế FeCl3
b/ Từ khí H2S, khí SO2, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế khí S
Câu 4. a/ Từ khí SO2, khơng khí, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế SO3
b/ Từ Al2O3, axit H2SO4, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế khí Al2(SO4)3
Câu 5. a/ Từ P, axit H2SO4 đặc, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế axit H3PO4
b/ Từ NaCl, axit H2SO4 đặc, điều kiện và chất xúc tác có đủ. Viết PTHH điều chế khí HCl
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Dạng 5 : Giải thích hiện tượng và viết PTHH
Câu 1. Giải thích hiện tượng và viết PTHH khi cho đá vôi vào dung dịch axit HCl dư
Câu 2. Giải thích hiện tượng và viết PTHH khi sục khí H2S vào nước brom
Câu 3. Giải thích hiện tượng và viết PTHH khi sục khí SO2 vào nước brom
Câu 4. Giải thích hiện tượng và viết PTHH khi sục khí H2S vào dung dịch Cu(NO3)2 hoặc Pb(NO3)2
Câu 5. Giải thích hiện tượng và viết PTHH khi sục khí SO2 vào dung dịch Ca(OH)2 hoặc Ba(OH)2
Câu 6. Giải thích hiện tượng và viết PTHH khi cho axit H2SO4 đặc vào cốc chứa đường saccarozơ.
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Dạng 6 : Cân bằng hóa học
Câu 1: Xét phản ứng thuận nghịch sau đây: N2(k) + 3H2(k)
Cân bằng sẽ chuyển dịch theo chiều nào nếu:
a) Tăng áp suất.
b) Giảm nhiệt độ.
→
¬
2NH3(k) (H < 0)
c) Lấy bớt khí NH3.
d) Tăng thêm khí N2.
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→
¬
Câu 2: Xét phản ứng thuận nghịch sau đây: 2HI (k)
Cân bằng sẽ chuyển dịch theo chiều nào nếu:
a) Giảm áp suất.
b) Tăng nhiệt độ.
I2 (k) + H2 (k) (H > 0)
c) Lấy bớt khí HI.
d) Tăng thêm khí H2.
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Câu 3: CaCO3 (rắn)
→
¬
CaO (rắn) + CO2 (khí) (H > 0)
Cân bằng sẽ chuyển dịch theo chiều nào nếu:
a) Giảm áp suất.
b) Tăng nhiệt độ.
c) Lấy bớt khí CO2.
d) Thêm CaCO3.
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Câu 4: 2SO2(k) + O2 (k)
→
¬
2SO3 (k)
(H < 0)
Cân bằng sẽ chuyển dịch theo chiều nào nếu:
a) Tăng áp suất.
b) Tăng nhiệt độ.
c) Lấy bớt khí SO3.
d) Tăng SO2.
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Dạng 7 : Bài toán H2S/SO2 + dung dịch kiềm NaOH/KOH
Câu 1: Tính khối lượng muối thu được khi hấp thụ hồn tồn 4,48 lít khí H 2S (đkc) vào 400 ml dung dịch
NaOH 1,5 M.
Câu 2: Hấp thụ hoàn tồn 3,36 lít khí H2S (đktc) vào 150 ml dd NaOH 1M. Tính khối lượng muối thu được .
Câu 3: Hấp thụ hoàn toàn 6,8g H2S vào 400ml dd KOH 1,2 M. Tính khối lượng muối thu được.
Câu 4: Tính khối lượng muối thu được khi hấp thụ hoàn toàn 5,6 lit khí SO2 (đkc) vào 500 ml dung dịch
KOH 1 M.
Câu 5: Cho 12,8g SO2 vào 200 ml dd NaOH 1M. Tính khối lượng muối tạo thành sau phản ứng.
Câu 6: Cho 16g SO2 vào 500 ml dd NaOH 1M. Tính khối lượng muối tạo thành sau phản ứng.
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Dạng 8 : Bài toán hỗn hợp
Câu 1 : Cho 15,15 g hỗn hợp gồm Fe, Al tác dụng hết dung dịch H 2SO4 đặc, nóng thu được 13,44l khí
SO2 (đktc). Tính thành phần % theo khối lượng mỗi kim loại.
Câu 2 : Cho 6,8 g hỗn hợp X gồm Mg và Fe vào dung dịch H 2SO4 đặc, nóng dư thì thu được 4,48 lít khí
SO2 bay ra (đkc). Tính % khối lượng mỗi kim loại trong hỗn hợp đầu
Câu 3 : Hòa tan hết 22 g hỗn hợp gồm Al, Fe bằng dung dịch H2SO4 đặc nóng thu được 20,16 lít SO2
(đktc). Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp
Câu 4: Hòa tan hết 11,8 g hỗn hợp gồm Al, Cu bằng dung dịch H2SO4 đặc nóng thu được 8,96 lít SO2
(đktc). Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp
Câu 5 : Hòa tan hết 20,8 g hỗn hợp gồm Cu, Fe bằng dung dịch H2SO4 đặc nóng thu được 10,08 lít SO2
(đktc). Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp
Câu 6 : Hòa tan hết 17,2 g hỗn hợp gồm Ag, Cu bằng dung dịch H2SO4 đặc nóng thu được 3,36 lít SO2
(đktc).
a) Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp đầu.
b) Tính khối lượng dung dịch H2SO4 95% đã dùng.
Cho Fe=56, Cu=64, Al=27, Ag=108, Zn=65, O=16, S=32, K39, Na=23,Mg=24
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