Vài nét tiểu thuyết đô thị miền Nam 1954-1975 pdf

VAI
NET VE
TIEU
THUYET
DD
T*H
MllN
NAM 1954 -1975
L
a mot bo phan cua nen van hoc
Viet
Nam,
nhung cho den nay van hoc do
thi
mien Nam
giai
dogn 1954-1975 van
chua
dugc
cac
nhd
nghien cuu quan tarn thoa dang, de tu do co
su ddnh gid todn dien.
1.
Van hgc dd thj mien Nam
giai
dogn
1954-1975 khd da dgng ve the
logi
vd cd su
phdt trien tuong ddi ddng deu. Tha ca nd

rd,
tieu
thuyet
dugc
mua, truyen ngdn vd
kjch
phdt trien
mgnh
Tren mat bdng chung d'y, tieu thuyet vd
tho
van
Id
2 the
logi
trdi
han cd, nhdt
Id
tieu muye't.
So
vdi
thdi
ki
trudc 1954 (tren cd 2 mien Nam,
Bdc),
so lugng tdc gid viet tieu thuyet d dd thj
mien
Nam 1954-1975 ddng ddo han hdn. Tu
1954-1975, so lugng tieu thuyet
dugc
xud't bdn

len
den con so hang nghin cudn; mdi nam, cd cd
tram
cudn tieu thuyet mdi
dugc
ra ddi. So lugng
nhd
van ddng ddo, tdc phdm ddi ddo, tieu thuyet
dd
thi
mien Nam con
dugc
phdn chia thdnh nhieu
khuynh
hudng khdc nhau. Dugc thua nhdn cd gid
trj
nhdt Id khuynh hudng tieu thuyet viet ve thdn
phdn con ngudi.
2.
Qua
trinh
phdt trien cua tieu thuyet dd
thj
mien Nam 1954-1975
2.1.
Giai dogn
tu 1954 den 1959: Trong
giai
dogn ndy, tieu thuyet
chua

cd ddng gdp gi
ddng ke, bdi it ve lugng vd
ngheo
ve chdt. Cdc
nhd
van da phdn tiep tuc
Idi
viet
cu
thdi
tien chien,
hgc
theo
vdn chuang cua Tu lyc Vdn dodn vdi
nhung tieu thuyet xoay quanh chuyen
tinh
yeu
ddi
lua, vdi gigng van ke le khdng gdy
dugc
an
tugng gi. Vdo cudi
giai
dogn, thdp thodng mdt
vdi
tdc phdm ddng
dugc
ggi Id thdnh cdng han
cd
nhu «Dd dgc" cua

Binh
Nguyen Ldc (xudt
bdn
ndm
1
959),
«Nhung ngudi
do
trdng"
cua
Nhdt
Tien
(xud't
bdn ndm 1959) Nhung tdc phdm
ndy
dd thodt
khdi
Idi
viet cu mdn, nhdm nhgt vd
cot truyen quanh qudn, gian dan, chi hudng den
myc dich
gidi
tri md cd
tinh
chdt cdng phu, tim
tdi,
sang
tgo hem. «D6 dgc" cua
Binh
Nguyen

Ldc
tuy
chua
thodt
li
hdn the
logi
tieu thuyet phdn
tich
tdm li
tinh
cam, phdn cdt yeu nhdt cua tdc
Q
NGUYEN
THI
VIET
NGA*
phdm
vdn
di
vdo mieu td nhung
mdi
tinh
tho mdng
nai
thdn dd nhung tdc gid dd cd nhung thdnh
cdng nhdt dinh trong viec xdy dyng nhdn vdt cd
cd
tinh
rd ret vd gigng dieu da thanh, ket hgp

giua cdi sdu ndo, u budn, ma mdng vdi tieng
cudi
trao phung; cdc
tinh
tiet
dugc
xdy dyng hgp
li,
hd'p dan.
Ngdi
but cua
Binh
Nguyen
Ldc
trong
«D6 dgc"\a\
tinh
khi khai thdc hogt ddng, ngdn
ngu,
tinh
cam chdn that cua con ngudi Nam bp;
phdng khodng khi mieu td cdnh vdt thien nhien.
«Nhung ngudi
do
trdng"
cua Nhgt Tien
dugc
viet
khd ki cdng. Tdc gid cd nhung thdnh cdng
nhdt djnh khi mieu td nhung ndi cd ddc, ba va,

tui
nhyc, nhung ban khodn, khdc khodi trong
tdm
hdn
nhung dua tre md cdi phdi song trong cd
nhi
vien. Khdng khi dm dgm, Ignh lung, u budn
cua
trgi
tre md cdi dy dudi ngdi but cua nhd vdn
cd
sue dm dnh rd ret.
Vugt
qua nhung tdc phdm
tieu
thuyet di
tinh
duang
thdi,
«Nhung ngudi
do trdng"
chiem
dugc
cam
tinh
cua ddng ddo
ddc gid bdi tdc gid dd bay td sy cam thdng vdi
nhung phdn ddi cdi cut, bd't hgnh vd dy cam bd't
an trudc xd hdi logn Igc, khd dau. Mdt
sdtdc

gid
dd
cd cd gang trong viec xdy dyng nhdn vdt,
mieu
td khdng
khi
xd hdi vd tim tdi Idi viet mdi.
2.2. Giai dogn
tu 1960 den 1965: Day Id
giai
dogn tieu thuyet cd nhieu cd gdng cy the
vdi
nhung ddu hieu ddi mdi rd ret. Tuy nhien, d ddu
giai
dogn, vdo nhung ndm
1961
-1
962 cd sy
trdi
day cua cdc tdc gid tieu thuyet
cu.
Tieu
thuyet
tien
chien cua Nhdt
Linh
ludn ddn ddu ve so lugng
phdt hdnh, so Idn tdi bdn. Rdi,
logi
truyen ddi ki

in
bdo, viet
vdi
vdng, de
ddi,
chi chu y khia cgnh
gidt
gdn hay Idm li bi ddt de chieu
theo
thj
hieu
cua ddc gid binh ddn
dugc
xudt bdn thdnh
sdeh
hang logt, nhu cdc tieu thuyet:
«Ddi
mdt
ngudi
xua", «Nudc
mdt
ngudi
ddn bd" (2 tap) cua
Nggc
Linh;
«Ld
lang", «Nhung thien tinh
hdn"
cua
Le

Vdn
Truang;
«Nggc tuyen thdm
su" cua
Thdm
The Hd Ngodi ra, con nhung bd truyen
kiem
hiep ra ddi d gt vdo ndm
1
962 vdi nhung
*
Hoi
Van
hoc
nghe
thuat
tinh
Hai
Dirong
Tap chi Giao due so 261 (ki i - 5/2011)
cudc thu- hung vd phai loan xq. Nhung
loqi
tieu
thuyet nay chi mang hnh
giai
tri, khdng co sy
dau tu nghiem tuc ve
nghe
thuat.
«Y

thuc xa hoi
trong
da so
tieu
thuyet
Id
md
nhat, cam
tfnh,
khdng
soi
sang
them cho ngudi doc nhung gi rd ret, cy
the ve nhung con ngudi vd cdnh ddi trudc mat".
Ngudi
cam but
«bdt
chung ta chd'i bd cudc ddi
trudc mdt, hodc dua chung ta di xem trien Idm
nhung mdn do chai cham trd' cdng phu" (Cd
Phuang Thdo -
«Tieu thuyet
nam 1961" - Bach
Khoa
121,15/1
/l
962). Nhung dan dan, nhung
ten
tudi
cu dd nhudng chd cho nhung cdy but

mai,
xudt hien ngdy mdt ddng. Ngudi dpc ddi
hdi
d tieu thuyet
«ngodi
sy
gidi
tri
con mudn tim
trong
van chuang
it
nhieu sy thyc ve nhung cdnh
ddi
trudc mdt vd trong nhung cdnh ddi dy ngudi
dpc con mong
tim
gap
Iqi
minh,
con ngudi dang
song, hieu sy song". Cdc tdc
gid
tre nhu
Vd
Phien
[«Dem xuan trang sang"),
Trdn Nhdt Tien
(«Them hoang" -
tdc phdm

duac
gidi
vdn chuang
1962 cua Trung tdm Vdn but
Viet
Nam),
Phan
Van
Tqo
(«Cdi bong bong Ian"),
Lan
Dinh
[«Dudng
xa chi
may"),
Pham Pham
[«D6i
mat"),
Mac Thu
[«Bdt
com bat
mau"),
Do Thuc
Vjnh
(«Mua
do
dnh"),
Binh
Nguyen
Ldc

(«Nhen
chd
mdi
ai")
dd mang Iqi ludng sinh khi mdi
cho
vdn
chuang
ndi
chung
vd
tieu
thuyet
ndi
rieng.
Nhung
tdc gid tre ndy dd cd cd gdng trong viec
tim
tdi
cdi mdi, khdng loanh quanh vdi de tdi cu,
quanh qudn trong vdi ba mdi
tinh
ddm le md
nghieng ve phia nhung con ngudi bj bac ddi
trong
xd hdi, nhung thdn phdn dau khd, khdn
cung.
Tieu
thuyet dd bdt ddu de cap tdi nhung
van

de xd
hdi:
cudc song
ngheo
khd, tdm tdi bdi
chien tranh
(«Jhem hoang", «Bdt
cam bdt
mdu");
kiep song budn bd, cd dan, vd nghTa cua
con
ngudi trong cudc ddi
(«Mdy hoang
hdn"
cua
Nhdt
Tien)
Cdc nhd van dd td ra can trong,
cdng phu han trong
Idi
viet.
Sau ndm 1963,
tinh
hinh chinh
trj,
xd hdi d
dd
thj mien Nam cd nhieu bien ddng du dpi,
khien
cho van hoc

nghe
thudt cung bien ddng
theo. Sy kien Phdt ddn ngdy
8/5/1963
vdi
sy ty
thieu
cua hda thuang
Thich
Tri
Qudng phdn ddi
sy ddn dp, thien vj ton gido (chi de cao Thien
Chua gido, ddn dp Phdt gido) cua che dp Ngd
Dinh
Diem
dd Idm day len Idn song cam phdn
trong
todn xd
hdi ddi
vdi
chinh phu hq
Ngd.
Chien
tranh ngdy cdng khdc
liet
han.
MTthyc
hien
«chien
tranh ddc biet" tai mien Nam

Viet
Nam. Nhung
trdn
ddnh Idn nd ra
lien
tiep.
Sy cdng thdng, ngdt
ngqt bao trum cudc song nhdn ddn. Cudc ddo
Tap chi Giao due so 261 (ki i. shorty
chinh
ngdy
1/11/1961
Idt dd Ngd
Dinh
Diem
dd
day chinh phu
Viet
Nam cdng hda vdo khung
hoang tram trong.
Bdo
tdthdi
dai tdc ddng manh
me den cdc nhd van. Hp y thuc
duac
ddi hdi mdi
cua xd hdi ve van
nghe
nhung chua the ngay lap
tuc chuyen hudng ngdi but cua

minh.
Ldi
viet tieu
thuyet
cu
khai thdc chuyen
tinh
yeu, khai thdc tdm
li
con ngudi dd trd nen qua nhdm chdn. Cudc
song nhieu bien ddng trudc mdt ddn day con
ngudi
vdo nhung hodn cdnh khdc
liet.
Tdm
li
con
ngudi
ddi khdc, nhung cam nhdn,
khdt
vpng
cung
khdc di ddi hdi van chuang cung phdi cd sy
chuyen bien rd ret de the hien
duac
con ngudi
thdi
dai. Cd the ndi
giai
doan 1963-1965

Id
thdi
gian
chudn bj cua cdc nhd vdn dd
thj
mien Nam
de di den sy ddi mdi manh me trong nhung ndm
tiep
theo. Trong
thdi
gian chudn bj dy, cd luc tieu
thuyet bj chung
Iqi
nhu the
Idm
vdo be tdc (nhdt
Id
nhung nam
1
962, 1963 vd nua ddu ndm
1964),
«khdng
cd mdt nhdm vdn
nghe
ndo xudt
hien
them, khdng cd mdt dudng Idi ndo mdi me
duac
phdt hien, khdng cd mdt tim tdi mdi ve kT
thudt". Hodn cdnh chien tranh, sy khd khdn

ciia
cudc song tdc ddng nhieu den cd ngudi viet vd
ngudi
dpc. Cdc nhd vdn lo viet bdo kiem tien,
khdng
cd
thdi
gian, tdm tri ddn vdo nhung tieu
thuyet ddi hai. Ngudi doc ludn phdi ddi mdt vdi
cudc song cdng thdng, khong du
tiln
dd mua tieu
thuyet. Neu cd
tim
den
vdn
chuang
nghe
thudt,
lya
chpn hang ddu cua da sd ngudi dpc Id nhung
truyen
gidi
tri de tqm
thdi
quen di nhung lo du,
thdp thdm cua cudc sdng. Tuy vdy, cdng ve cudi
giai
doan (nua cudi ndm 1964, ndm 1965), tieu
thuyet cdng cd nhieu

tin
hieu ddi
mai.
Sy
xudt
hien
cua cdc cdy but tre
vdi
cdch nhin, cdch cam tao
bao ve con ngudi vd cudc sdng dd mang Iqi cho
tieu
thuyet mdt huong
vj
mdi me, mdt ludng sinh
khi
mdi,
tuy sy gdp mat cua hq tren vdn ddn vdn
con
rdi rqc, le te. O cdc tdc gid ndy, khdng con
ddu
vet cua
Idi
vdn chuang Idm ddng, muot md,
dem dep hay Idm
li,
sudt mudt. Con ngudi trong
tieu
thuyet budc ddu y thuc ve thdn phdn dau khd
cua
minh

giua mdt xd hdi loan lac vd phi
li.
Thdi
dp phdn khdng vd phd phdeh cua nhdn vdt cung
dugc
bdt ddu tu nhung cdy but
mdi
ndy.
Ndm
1
965 Id nam ddu mdc rd rdng nhdt cho
sy chuyen hudng cua tieu thuyet. Nhieu tu tudng
mdi
cua phuang Tdy ve vdn hoc
nghe
thudt vd
triet
hoc qua mdt
thdi
gian dugc
gidi
thieu dd cd
dnh
hudng sdu sdc den sdng tdc, phe binh van
hgc
nghe
thudt, den Idi sdng cua con ngudi dd
thj,
ddc biet Id tdng lap thanh nien vd tri thuc.
Nhieu

trudng phai van
nghe
tranh luan vai nhau
ve
duang
Idi, lap truang, quan diem
sdng
tdc.
Ddu
an cua nhung tu tudng, hoc thuyet mdi ve
triet
hoc, vdn hoc
nghe
thudt dd xudt hien trong
cdc
sdng
tdc van cnuang, nhdt Id tieu thuyet.
Trong
dd, sy dnh hudng cua triet hoc hien sinh,
vdn
hoc hien sinh trong tieu thuyet
Id
rd ret nhdt.
Van
de thdn phdn con ngudi
budc
ddu
dugc
khai
thdc vd tqo nen nhung an tuang nhdt

djnh.
Cdc cdy but tieu thuyet
khi
nghieng ve thdn phdn
con ngudi cung dd gdt hdi
duac
nhieu thdnh
cdng han. Vd Phien vdi cudn tieu thuyet
«Mot
minh"
dd td ra
tinh
vi han khi khai thdc ndi tdm
nhdn vdt. Ta thdy trong
«Mot minh"sy
dnh hudng
khd
rd ret cua triet hoc hien sinh, cu the han nua
Id
cudn
«Bu6n
non" cua J.P.
Sartre.
Con ngudi
ddi
dien
vdi
bdn thdn, nhin thdng vdo chinh minh
de nhdn ra mdt sy that bi ddt: minh cd don tuyet
ddi.

Khdng cd ai hieu minh, khdng cd ai yeu
minh,
con ngudi chi Id mdt hien huu cd dan giua
the
gidi
ddng due xung quanh. Nguyen
Dinh
Todn
xudt bdn cudn tieu thuyet
«Con dudng",
khai
thdc de tdi ve thdn phdn con ngudi bj
cudc
ddi
quen lang vd sy khdc
liet
cua
cudc
sdng
xung
quanh. Cd the thdy, trong
«Con dudng",
Nguyen
Dinh
Todn chju dnh hudng nhieu tu
Idi
trinh
bay
cdu ki cua J.P.
Sartre.

Tdc gid Thanh Tdm Tuyen
vdi
nhung tieu thuyet
«Khudn
mat",
«Ung
thu"
(ddng ddi
ki
tren tap san
Vdn)
vd
«Cdt
lay" (ddng
ddi
ki tren tap chi Bach Khoa) dd dyng len mdt
the
gidi
u udt den
nghet
tha. Trong the
gidi
dy,
nhung nhdn vdt cua dng mang tdm trang tdt
nguyen, ddi luc bdc ddng. Hq
khao
khdt
sdng
manh
liet,

sdng
mdt
cudc
sdng
cd y nghla dich
thyc chu khdng phdi lay Idt, vdt vd nhu nhung
bona
ma, nhung
cudc
sdng
budn te, chdn chudng
cu
nhdn chim hp. Long khdt
sdng
manh
liet
bien
thdnh sy phd phdeh. Con ngudi mudn dap dd,
hd't tung nhung thdnh luy cu, nhung khudn sdo
reu phong, chdt hep, nhung ket cue chi Id tdm
trang chdn nan rd rdi trudc thyc
tai
Tdc gid
Duyen Anh vdi mdt loqt tieu thuyet viet ve
«the
gidi
he phd":
«Thang
Vu",
«Ludt

he phd",
«Dieu
ru
nude
mat" dd bay td cdi nhin cam
thdng, trdn trong ddi vdi nhung con ngudi bj hd't
ra ngodi le
cudc
sdng. Duyen Anh nhdn ra khdt
vpng
sdng
manh
liet,
khdt vpng hudng ve hanh
phuc,
tinh
yeu tiem an trong mdi than phdn dau
khd
dy. Cd dieu,
cudc
sdng
day nhung phi
li
dd
ddn day hp den
budc
dudng cung, tudc cua hq
nhung ca hdi hanh phuc. Giua bdo tap cua sd
phdn, thdn phdn con ngudi rat
ddi

mong manh
Rdi,
nhung tieu thuyet cua The Uyen,
Y
Uyen,
Minh
Due
Hodi
Trinh,
Nguyln
Thj
Thuy
Vu,
Thanh Nam,
Hodng
Anh
Tudn
suy
tu
ve thdn phdn con ngudi
trong thdi dai nhieu bien ddng vdi Idi viet thdng
thdn, tao bao, cd cd phd phdeh, bd't can.
2.3. Giai dogn
tu 1966 den 1975
^
Day Id giai doan tieu thuyet
dilm
tinh
udt at,
tieu

thuyet
trinh
thdm,
gidt
gdn khdng con ddt sdng.
Tinh
hinh
sdng
tdc cung nhu xudt ban tieu thuyet
may ndm trudc tudng nhu Idm vdo be tdc thi den
giai
doan ndy
duac
khai thdng.
«Trong
mdt vdi
ndm gdn day, ngudi ta bdt ddu chju mua
sdeh
dpc, ddc biet Id tieu thuyet. Cdc nhd xudt bdn thi
nhau ra ddi, tung ra
hang
loqt tdc phdm cu mdi,
gdy nen khung cdnh ndo nhiet
chua
tung
thdy
trong
dja hat
tieu
thuyet trong vdng 10 ndm trd

Iqi"
(Nhdt
Tien
-
«Sinh hoat tieu thuyet
mot
nam
qua"
-
Bach
Khoa 265, 266 ngdy 15/1/1968). Tieu thuyet dd
doan tuyet hdn vdi nhung chuyen
tinh
yeu qudn
quanh, nhdm
nhat
md di sdu vdo khai thdc van de
thdn phdn con ngudi trong
cudc
sdng
day bien
ddng vd bdt trdc khd ludng. Ndi dau thuang cua
con ngudi trong chien tranh
trd
thdnh
dm dnh trong
hdu het
tieu
thuyet
giai

doan ndy. Nhd
di
sdu khai
thdc nhung van de cdt yeu cua
cudc
sdng
hien tai,
cat len tieng ndi cua con ngudi
duang
thdi,
tieu
thuyet cd
duac
sy ung hp nhiet
tinh
cua ban dpc.
Day Id giai doan thdnh cdng nhdt cua tieu thuyet
dd
thj mien Nam
1954-1975
ndi rieng vd cua
vdn
hoc dd
thj
mien Nam ndi chung.
Tu
nam 1961, tren vdn ddn dd cd sy gdp mat
deu dan cua cdc cdy but nu, vdi nhung ten tudi
ban ddu nhu
Linh

Bdo (tieu thuyet
«Tdu ngua
cu", «Nhung
dem mua" xudt bdn 1961), Mdng
Tuyet (tieu thuyet
«Ndng
Ai Ca
trong chdu
up"
xudt bdn ndm 1961), Thu Vdn (tieu thuyet
«Mdu
mua
dem" xudt bdn ndm 1961), mudn han mdt
chut
Id
Tuy
Hong,
Nguyen
Thj
Hodng (Hodng Ddng
Phuang),
Nguyen
Thj
Vinh,
Minh
Due
Hodi
Trinh,
Nhd
Ca Tu ndm 1967 trd di, cdc cdy but nu

Idm
mua Idm gid trong h"nh vyc tieu thuyet. Cdc
tdc gid xudt hien trudc dd nhu Tuy Hong, Nhd
Ca them phdn gid ddn, tdc phdm gdy
duac
tieng
vang ddi vdi ban doc, khudy ddng khdng khi
vdn
ddn. Tieu thuyet
«Dem nghe tieng
dgi bdc"
cua Nhd Ca (xud't bdn ndm
1
967) ngay lap tuc
trd
thdnh
sdeh
«best
seller", tdi bdn trong vdng
khdng day 2 thdng. Cudn tieu thuyet ndy
dugc
ddnh gid Id
«trong
ndm 1967, khdng mdt tieu
thuyet ndo
dugc
ngudi ta nggi khen nhieu nhu
the" (Nhdt Tien -
Sinh hoat tieu thuyet
mot nam

qua
- Bach Khoa 265, 266 ngdy 15/1/1968).
«Dem nghe tieng
dgi bdc" chiem
dugc
cam
tinh
cua ddng ddo ddc gid bdi day Id cudn tieu
Tap chi Giao due so 261 (ki 1 - 5/2011)
thuyet ddu tien cua van hoc do
thi
mien Nam viet
ve
cuoc
sdng
cua nguai dan do thj trong khong
khi
chien tranh vai tdt cd nhung dau khd, lo lang,
bi
thuang trong
Idi
viet trung thyc vd truyen cam.
Thdn
phdn be nhd cua con ngudi dudng nhu bi
nhdn chim trong bien lua chien tranh. Sau
«Dem
nghe tieng
dgi bac", de
tdi
cudc

sdng
cua ngudi
ddn dd thj trong chien tranh tiep tyc
duac
Nhd
Ca khai thdc trong nhung tieu thuyet tiep theo:
«Xudn
thi",
«Ngudi tinh ngodi
mat
trgn",
«Sdng
mot
ngay"
Nhung tieu thuyet dy dd
dua Nhd Ca len
hang
nhung nhd vdn «dn khdeh"
vd
dupe
yeu men cua dd
thj
mien Nam. Cdng ve
sau, trong tieu thuyet cua Nhd Ca, chien tranh cdng
trd
nen dm dnh
kinh
hodng, thdn phdn con ngudi
cdng
trd

thdnh van de
nhue
nhdi (
«Dodn nuhinh
mua
thu",
«Mgt
mai khi hda
binh", «Mua tren
cay
sdu
dong" ).
Gat di nhung yeu td ve quan
diem,
lap trudng
chfnh
trj,
tieu thuyet cua Nhd Ca
dd
ndi
duac
mdt cdch thdm thfa vd dau xdt ve
than phdn mong manh cua con ngudi trong mjt
mu
khdi
lua chien tranh.
Tdc
gid
Nguyen
Thj

Hodng,
tieu
thuyet ddu tay
«V6ng
tay hgc trd"
in
ddi
vai
kl
tren tap
chi
Bach Khoa (ndm 1967,
vdi
but danh
Hodng Ddng
Phuang)
dd gdy phdn ung 2 chieu:
cd
nhung ngudi khen het
Idi
nhung cung cd sy mat
sat thdm te. Tuy nhien, du khen hay che
thi
nhung
y
kien ndy
chi
hudng ve van de dao due
duac
neu

ra trong tdc phdm. Nhung den tieu thuyet
«Vdo
noi
gid cat" (cung ra ddi ndm 1967), ben cgnh
chuyen
tinh
yeu ddi lua
Id
bdng ddng khung khiep
cua chien tranh bao trum. Chien tranh Idm nen
cho chuyen
tinh
dau khd. Nhung tieu thuyet sau
ndy cua Nguyln
Thj
Hodng nhu
«Tudi
Sai Gdn",
«Ve trong suong
mu",
«Vyc nude
mdt",
«Tienq
hat
len
trdi", «Tinh
yeu dia
ngyc", «Trdi xanh
tren
mdi cao",

«Bdng
tdi
cudi cung", «Dinh
menh
con go cua",
«B6ng
Id hdn
hoa"
deu
viet
ve
tinh
yeu trong chien tranh
vdi
nhung sd phdn
dam
nude
mdt. Ben cgnh dd, Nguyen
Thj
Thyy
Vu,
Trjnh
Thj
Dieu Tan, Do
Phuang
Khanh,
Minh
Due
Hodi
Trinh,

Minh
Qudn cung Id nhung tdc gid
nu
ddng chu y cua
vdn
hgc dd
thj
mien Nam 1954-
1975 trong hnh vyc tieu thuyet. Tdc phdm cua hp
deu xoay quanh vdn de thdn phdn con ngudi, ndi
dau khd cua con ngudi trong
cudc
sdng
nhieu eo
le,
dau khd, thuang tdm.
Cdc tdc gid khdc cung ddng gdp khdng nhd
cho tieu thuyet dd thj mien Nam
1954-1975
vd
sdng
tdc cua hg cung thdnh cdng han cd Id giai
dogn tu 1965 trd ve sau. Tieu bieu Id Vd Phien,
Nguyln
Dinh
Todn, Vd Hong, Duang
Nghilm
Mdu,
Binh
Nguyen Ldc, San Nam, Duyen Anh,

Tap chi Giao due so 261 (k. 1-5/2011)
Nguyln
Thuy Long, The Uyen, Y Uyen, Do Tien
Due, Bui Kim Dmh, Nguyen Vu The
gidi
tieu
thuyet cua Nguyln
Dinh
Todn nhieu suy tu, ddn
vdt,
hodi nghi ve
cudc
sdng
vd con ngudi. Duyen
Anh
viet nhieu ve than phdn tre tha bj vui dap,
qudn qugi giua bdo to
cudc
ddi
(«Bdn
lua",
«Cd
non",
«Trdn
Thi
Diem Chdu" ).
Nguyln
Thyy
Long Igi di vdo mieu td the
gidi

cua nhung
ke
song
ben le xd hdi vdi mdc cam tdi Idi md
khdng
dugc
xd hdi ddnh cho ca hdi cdi tgo. Ngdi
but cua Thyy Long dugm ve
chua
xdt, bi thuang.
Y
Uyen, Do Tien Due, Bui Kim
Dinh
xud't hien
mudn, gia nhdp lang vdn vdo khodng ndm 1967
nhung nhanh chdng cd tdc phdm gdy
dugc
tieng
vang nhu
«Tugng
dd
sudn
non",
«Que
nhd"
(Y
Uyen), «Md
hong"
(Do
Tien

Due), «Chgdem",
«Ddt
xdc" (Bui Kim
Dinh)
Tieu thuyet cua hg
hdu het
viet
ve chien tranh
vdi
nhung dau khd, eo
le ddi len thdn phdn con ngudi.
3. Tieu thuyet dd thj mien Nam
1954-1975
gdt
hdi
dugc
nhieu thdnh tyu nhdt trong giai dogn
1966-1975. Day cung Id qudng thdi gian khdc
liet
nhdt cua
cudc
chien tranh, con ngudi phdi
hang
ngdy,
hang
gid
dd'i
mat
vdi
chet

choc, dau
thuang. Tdm
li
cua hg
hodc
hoang
mang, sg hdi,
hodc
chdn nan, bd't can. Trong nam nap lo du vd
ngut ngdn dau khd dd, triet hgc hien sinh - triet
hgc ve thdn phdn con ngudi du nhdp vdo dd thj
mien
Nam, nhanh chdng
dugc
ua chudng vd dnh
hudng cua nd dd in ddm trong
Idi
sdng
cung nhu
trong
sdng
tdc van hgc
nghe
thudt. Tieu thuyet dd
thj
mien Nam dd cdt len tieng ndi thdm thia ve
thdn phdn con ngudi trong chien tranh. Dd Id
thdn phdn cd ddc trong mdt the
gidi
phi

li.
Sy cd
ddc nhu mdt thu
djnh
menh con ngudi phdi mang
tren vai, khdng ngudi se dd, khdng ke thdu hieu.
The
gidi
phi
li
nhieu ddo Idn d'y dd tan nhdn tudc
cua con ngudi
mgi
thu,
chi
con
Igi
ndi dau thuang,
trdng vdng. Con ngudi, ddu cd nd lyc phdn khdng
Igi,
cdi hda djnh menh thi cung chi Id sy cdi hda,
phd phdeh trong
tuyet
vpng.
Tieu
thuyet dd
thj
mien
Nam
1954-1975

Id tieu thuyet ve thdn phdn dau
khd
cua con ngudi. Nhung chiem nghiem nhieu
chieu, da sdc ve thdn phdn con ngudi Id ndi dung
ca bdn, ddng chu y cua tieu thuyet dd thj mien
Nam 1954 - 1975. Tuy nhien, ben cgnh nhung
thdnh tyu dd, tieu thuyet
giai
dogn ndy con khdng
it
hgn che nhu sy khai thdc qua dd cdc yeu td
tinh
dye, cdi nhin lech Igc ve chien tranh, sy be tdc
hodn todn trong
cudc
sdng
Tuy
vdy,
day cung Id
giai
dogn ghi dd'u sy phdt trien nhdt
djnh
cua vdn
hgc
Viet
Nam hien dgi.
(Xem tiep trang
39)
chua
Idi

trong bdi vdn cung khdng phdi dl ddng.
De
BT
sua
chua
hieu dinh cd hieu qua
tfch
cue
vdi
HS, GV can tdch biet ra tung
loqi
Idi,
chpn,
phdn
tfch
vd
chua
cdc Idi dien hinh, xud't hien
phd bien.
Vdi
bdi
«Mieu
td
trong
van ty sy", chung tdi
chi
dua ra
BT
phdt hien vd sua
chua

Idi
ve
phuang
thuc bieu dat chinh - nghTa Id HS nhdm Idn ve
phuang
thuc bieu dat
khi
viet van, bdi vdn khdng
mang ddc trung cua vdn ty sy md mang ddc trung
cua
phuang
thuc mieu td.
Vidy: Vdi
de bdi
«Hdy
viet
mdt
dogn
vdn ke ve
Ian
dau
tien
em di hgc",
mdt
bgn HS dd
viet dogn
vdn sau:
«Trudng
hgc
dau tien

cua tdi Id mdt cdi kho
thdc
bd
khdng,
tudng trdc Id thdnh
vd
sd nhung hinh
thu ki
qudi.
Cho
den gid,
tdi
con nhd y
nghuyen nhung chiec
bdn
ghe xdu xi vd gdm
ghie'e. Chung dugc
tan
dyng
vd lap tu
nhung
tdm go bd di,
chua
kip
bdo.
Mat bdn cd
rd't nhieu hang
hoc vd tu dd
thinh thodng
lao vyt ra mdt con

gian hogc
mdt
con nhen. Cung
cd
khi Id
mdt bdc sdu
dung dinh,
ngo ngdc nhin cudc
ddi."
Theo
em, bgn dd dd
viet dung
yeu cau de bdi ra
chua?
Neu
chua
dung
thi em se sua nhu the
ndo?
He thdng
BT
ndy cd the xdy dyng tuang ty ddi
vdi
cdc cdc
phuang
thuc bieu dat khdc cd the ket
hap d kieu
VBTS.
Nhu
vdy, viec de xudt su dyng he thdng BT

nhdm
RLKN
van dyng ket hap cdc
phuang
thuc
bieu dat cho HS THCS d kieu VBTS Id rat can
thiet. Ddc biet, kieu
VBTS
Id kieu vdn bdn cdc em
thudng gap
vd
van dyng thudng xuyen nhdt trong
thyc te.
BT
Id mdt trong nhung
phuang
tien luyen
tap huu dyng nhdt
duac
hinh thdnh tren ca sd
dmh hudng rd ret vd khoanh vung ve mat ndi
dung nhdm myc dich hien thyc hod phdn
li
thuyet.
Tuy
nhien, he thdng
BT
ddu
duac
xdy dyng cdng

phu, cd
kT
thudt vdn can
duac
phdi hap su dyng
vdi
cdc
phuang
phdp vd
phuang
tien day hoc
khdc de qua
trinh
day hoc cua GV vd HS dat ket
qua nhu mong mudn.Q
Tai
lieu
tham
khao
1.
Le
A
-
Nguyen
Quang
Ninh
-
Bui
Minh
Toan.

Phuong
phap
day hoc
tieng
Viet.
NXB
Gido due,
H.
1998.
2.
Nguyen
Khdc
Phi
(t6ng chu
bien).
Ngu
van
9, tap 1.
NXB
Gido due,
H.
2005.
3. D6 Ngoc Thong. Bai tap
trac
nghiem kien thuc
Ngu
van
9.
NXB
Gido due,

H.
2007.
4.
D6
Ngoc
Thong.
Lam van.
NXB
Dgi hoc supham,
H.
2007.
5. D6 Ngoc Thong. Lam van tu
li
thuyet den thuc
hanh.
NXB
Gido due,
H.
1997.
Vai
net ve tieu thuyet
(Tiep theo trang
35)
Vdi
chdng dudng hon 20 ndm phdt
trien,
van hoc cdc do thj mien Nam, do
hodn cdnh
Ijch
su cy the, tuy khdng the hod

nhdp vdi ddng vdn hoc chinh thdng, phdn
dnh
cudc
sdng
hdo hung vd
vT
dai cua ddn
tdc trong
cudc
khdng chien chdng
MT
nhung
khdng phdi
vi
the
md
chung ta bd qua nhung
gid
trj
can
duac
ddnh gid vd ghi nhdn trong
vdn
hoc giai doan ndy. Se Id khiem khuyet
Idn
neu trong nghien cuu tien
trinh
Ijch
su
van hoc ddn tdc con de

Iqi
mdt khodng trdng
Id
vdn hoc dd thj mien Nam giai doan
1954-1975.
Dd
den luc trong he tndng gido
dye
qudc
ddn - md trudc het Id trong cdc
trudng dai hoc
vd
cao ddng ddo tqo chuyen
ngdnh Ngu van,
chuang
trinh
gidng day
vd
nghien cuu can phdi
duac
bd
sung
ve vdn
hoc giai doan vdn hoc ndy de sinh vien cd
cdi
nhin day du, todn dien han ve
Ijch
su
vdn
hoc ddn tdc. •

Tai
lieu
tham
khao
1.
Tran
Trong
Dang
Dan.
Van
hoa
van
nghe
Nam
Viet
Nam
1954-1975.
NXB
Van hod Thong tin,
H.
2000.
2.
Phan
Cy
De
(chu
bien).
Van hoc
Viet
Nam the

ki
20.
NXB
Gido due,
H.
2000.
3. Cao Huy Khanh. "Sa
khao
15 nam van xuoi mien Nam
1955-1969".
Khai hanh,
so' 74/1970.
4.
Le
Dinh
Ky.
Nhin
lai
tu
tutrng
van
nghe
thui
Mi
-
Nguy.
NXB
Thdnh
phd
Ho Chi Minh,

1987.
5. Thanh Lang. Bang lucre do van hoc
Viet
Nam (quyen
thuang).
NXB
Trinh Bay,
Sai Gon, 1967.
6. Nhieu tac gia. Van hoa van
nghe
mien Nam duoi che do
Mi
-
Nguy.
NXB
Vdn hod,
H.
1977.
7.
Vo
Phien.
Hai
muoi
nam van hoc mien
Nam
(1954-1975).
NXB
Van nghe,
CA
-

USA,
1987.'
8. Nguyen Sa. Mot bong hong cho van
nghe.
NXB
Trinh
Bay,
Sai Gon, 1967.
9.
Pham
Van
ST.
Van hoc giai phong mien Nam.
NXB
Dai
hoc
va
trung hoc chuyen nghiep,
H. 1976.
10.
Tran
Huu
Ta.
Nhin
lai
mot
chang
dutyng
van hoc.
NXB

Thanh
phd
Hd Chi Minh,
2000.
11.
Uyen Thao. Cac nha van nu
Viet
Nam 1900-1970.
NXB
Nhdn Cu,
Sai Gon, 1973.
12. Ta Ty.
Mtrui
khuon mat van
nghe
horn nay.
NXB
Ld
Bdi,
Sai Gon, 1972.
Tap chi Giao due so 261 <k. i. 5/201 n