RELATIVE CLAUSE GIỚI TỪ VỚI ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

XII. RELATIVE CLAUSES
THEORY
Cách sử dụng các đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH:
S (chủ ngữ)

O ( tân ngữ)

P( sở hữu)

Danh từ chỉ người

Who/that

Who/whom/that

whose

Danh từ chỉ vật

Which/that

Which/that

Whose/of which

Dt vừa người & vật

That

That

Nơi chốn

Where = in/at/on which

Thời gian

When = in/at/on which

Lý do

Why

Bất kỳ ai

Whoever

= for which

Whoever

Các loại mệnh đế quan hệ:
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ có giới hạn (khơng dấu
phẩy):

Ex: The book is interesting. I bought it yesterday.
=> The book (which) I bought yesterday is interesting.

- thường được dùng khi danh từ đứng trước
ĐTQH có mạo từ “a/an/the”
- B ỏ “who, whom, which, that” khi nó làm túc từ

(khơng có giới từ đứng trước)/ bỏ
why/when/where.
2. MĐQH khơng giới hạn ( có dấu phẩy):
- MĐQH không giới hạn xuất hiện khi danh từ
đứng trước đại từ quan hệ là các loại danh từ
sau:
+ Danh từ riêng
+ Danh từ có tính từ chỉ định
(this/that/these/those)
+ Danh từ có tính từ sở hữu
(my/his/her/your/their/our/its)
+ Sở hữu cách ( Tom’s, …)
- Không dùng “ THAT” trong MĐQH không giới
hạn.

Ex1: Tom, whom you met last night, is my son.
Ex2:That man, who has sent you a gift, lives next door to
me.
Ex3: His book, which was bought last night, is
interesting.
Ex4: Lan’s book, which was bought last night, is
interesting .

- Không được bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân
ngữ ( WHO, WHOM, WHICH) và các trạng từ
quan hệ trong MĐQH không giới hạn.
- Trong MĐQH khơng giới hạn “ WHICH” có thể
được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho cả câu.
- Khi muốn thêm thơng tin về tồn bộ hoặc 1 phần
số vật hay người cụ thể , ta dùng mđqh không giới

hạn với “ of which , of whom, of whose, most
of, half of , plenty of, some of , one of , neither of,
all of, several of, both of, ten of, a few of ….”

Ex5: Peter failed again, which does not make us
surprised.
Ex6: I received two jobs offers .I accepted neither of
them


=> I received two jobs offers, neither of which I
accepted
Ex7: I have two friends .One of their problems is poor
study habit
=> I have two friends, one of whose problems is poor
study habit
GIỚI TỪ VỚI ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có 2
vị trí đứng:
- Giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ hoặc giới từ
đứng sau động từ.
- Lưu ý: Giới từ không đứng trước đại từ quan
hệ “ who và that”
- Khi giới từ là thành phần của cụm động từ thì
khơng thể đem giới từ ra trước “whom, which,
whose”
- Giới từ “ WITHOUT”không được đặt sau động
từ mà phải đặt trước đại từ quan hệ.

Ex1: She is the woman about whom I told you

She is the woman who/whom/ that I told you about.

Ex2:Did you find the world which you were looking up
? (NOT : _____the world up which you were
looking ? )
Ex3: The woman without whom I can’t live is Jane
( NOT : The woman whom can’t live without is Jane )

DẠNG RÚT GỌN MĐQH THÀNH NGỮ PHÂN TỪ:V-ING, V3, TO V
1. Ngữ hiện tại phân từ ( V-ing) được dùng khi
động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động.

Ex: That man, who is standing over there , is my best
friend.
=> That man , standing over there, is my best friend

2. Ngữ quá khứ phân từ(V3/ed) được dùng khi
động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động.

Ex:The boy who was injured in the accident was taken
to the hospital.
=> The boy injured in the accident was taken to the
hospital.

3. “To infinitive” có thể được dùng khi đại từ quan Ex: He was the last man who left the burning building.
hệ làm chủ ngữ đứng sau “the first, the second, …, => He was the last man to leave the burning
the last, the next, the only, the one, dạng so sánh building.
nhất( the + adj ngắn + est/ the most + adj dài)
hoặc để chỉ mục đích, sự cho phép)
Cách làm bài tập dạng điền đại từ quan hệ vào chỗ trống

1. ______ N(chỉ người) + WHO/ THAT (làm chủ ngữ)

+ V +…

2. ______ N(chỉ người) + WHO/WHOM/THAT

+ S + V +…(làm O)

3. ______ N(chỉ người) + WHOSE (làm ttsh)

+ N + V/ N + S + V+…

4. ______ N(chỉ vật)

+ WHICH/ THAT

+ V+ …

5. ______ N(chỉ vật)

+ WHICH

+ S + V+…

6. ______ N(chỉ vật)

+ WHOSE

+ N + V/ N + S+V+….

7. ______ thời gian

+ WHEN (= on/in/at + which)

+….

8. ______ nơi chốn

+ WHERE (= on/in/at + which)

+….

9. ______ lý do

+ WHY + (= for which)

+….

Không dùng “ THAT” trong MĐQH khơng giới hạn (có dấu phẩy)


Dạng kết hợp hai câu hai mệnh đề thành 1 câu sử dụng ĐTQH:
- Xác định hai từ giống nhau trong hai câu, hai mệnh đề.
- Thay đại từ quan hệ cho từ giống nhau ở MĐ thứ 2.
- Đặt đại từ quan hệ ngay sau từ giống ở MĐ thứ 1.
- Xác định loại danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ để xem xét có sử dụng dấu phẩy hay không
PRACTICES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. That book is by a famous anthropologist. It's about the people in Samoa__________for two years.
A. that she lived

B. that she lived among them

C. among whom she lived

D. where she lived among them

2. The missing man's family is desperately seeking anyone____________information about his activities or
whereabouts.
A. has

B . having

C. who have

D. have

3. The publishers expect that the new biography of Simon Bolivar will be brought people __________in
Latin American history.
A. who they are interested

B. are interested

C. interested

D. they are interested

4. I have always wanted to visit Paris,_____________of France.
A. is the capital

B. which the capital is

C. that is the capital

D. the capital

5. The chemistry book ____________was a little expensive.
A. that I bought it

B. I bought that

C. what I bought

D. I bought

6. Have you ever met a man __________over there? - Yes, I do.
A. stands

B. standing

C. is standing

D. who he is standing

7. Do you have the book ____________the teacher? - Yes, I do.
A. that it belongs to

B. to which belongs to

C. to which belongs

D. that belongs to

8. The voters were overwhelmingly against the candidate ___________proposals called for higher taxes.
A. who his

B. whose

C. whom he had

D. that his

9. Do you remember Mr. Goddard, ___________taught us English composition? ~ I certainly do.
A. who

B. whom

C. that

D . which

10. I have three brothers, _________________are businessmen.
A. that all of them

B. who they all

C. all of whom

D. who all of them

11. Were you able to locate the person __________wallet you found? – Luckily, yes.
A. which

B. that his

C. whose

D. that's

C. fish fresh

D. fresh fish is caught

12. Some fish is frozen, but___________ is best.
A. fish is fresh

B. fresh fish

13. Why do you get up at 4 A. M. today? ~ Because it's the only time__________without being interrupted.
A. when I can work on my book

B. when I can work on my book at

C. when I can work on my book then

D. at when I can work on my book

14. You seem so happy today. ~ I am. You are looking at a person______ has just been accepted into medical
school.

A. who

B. who she

C. whom she

D. whom

15. The movie __________ last night was terrific. - What's it about?
A. I went

B. I went to it

C. I went to

D. that I went

16. Many people lost their homes in the earthquake. The government needs to establish more shelters to care
for those ________________have homes.
A. who doesn't

B. who don't

C. which doesn't

D. which don't

17. The problem never______________ occurs.
A. I had expected it

B. who I had expected

C. I had expected

D. that I had expected it

18. I had to drive to the factory to pick up my brother,____________car wouldn't start.
A. who his

B. who

C. who's

D. whose

19. I read a book about Picasso, __________.
A. is a Spanish painter B. a Spanish painter
C. who a Spanish painter is

D. that is a Spanish painter

20. The people __________the acrobat turn circles in the air were horrified when he missed the outstretched
hands of his partner and fell to his death.
A. watched

B. watch

C. watching

D . were watching

21. My writing has improved a lot in this class. – Mine has, too. All the students _________do well in
writing.
A. whom Mr. David teaches them

B . which Mr. David teaches

C. that Mr. David teaches them

D. Mr. David teaches

22. Have you seen the place__________the graduation ceremony will be held?
- Yes. It's big enough to hold 5,000 people.
A. in that

B. where

C. is where that

D. which

23. How's your class this term? – Great. I have seventeen students, most of _________speak English very
well.
A. who

B. those

C . whom

D. which

24. Will everyone like the book? - No. Only people ___________interested in anthropology.
A. are

B . who are

C. in whom are

D. that is

25. How did you enjoy your dinner with Mr. Jackson? ~ It was boring. He talked only about
himself,_________almost put us to sleep.
A. which

B. that

C. who

D. that he

26. My grandfather, __________ a wise man, has greatly influenced my life.
A. is

B. that is

C. who is

D. who he is

27. Is Dr. Brown the person __________ you wish to speak? - Yes, please.
A. that

B. whom

C. to that

D. to whom

28. In the movie, a teenager _____ to pursue a singing career meets resistance from his strong-willed father.
A. wants

B. wanted

C. wanting

D. who want

29. Excuse me, but there is something about ______immediately. ~ Certainly.
A. which I must speak to you

B. which I must speak to you about it


C. that I must speak to you about

D. that I must speak to you

30. Little Women,___________in 1868, is my sister's favorite book.
A. is a novel published B. a novel published

C. a novel was published

D. was a novel published

31. Who is eligible for the scholarship? – Anyone _________scholastic record is above average can apply
for the scholarship.
A. who has a

B. has a

C. who's a

D. whose

32. Dr. Sales is a person______
A. in whom I don't have much confidence
B. in that I don't have much confidence
C. whom I don't have much confidence in him
D. I don't have much confidence
33. Is April twenty-first the day _______? ~ No, the twenty-second.
A. you'll arrive then

B. when you'll arrive

C. on that you'll arrive D. when you'll arrive on
34. The severe drought occurred last summer ruined the corn crop.
A. that it

B. which it

C. it

D. that

35. Florida,______________the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.
A. is

B. known as

C. is known as

D. that is known as

36. The new shopping mall is gigantic. It's as a place you can find just about __________anything you
might want to buy.
A. where

B. which

C. in where

D. in that

37. Lola's marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man ________
A. that she hardly knows him

B. whom she hardly knows him

C. she hardly knows

D. she hardly knows him

38. People who exercise frequently have greater physical endurance than those__________
A. who doesn't

B. that doesn't

C. which don't

D. who don't

39. Is this the address to ____________you want the package sent?
A. where

B. that’s

C. which

D. whom

40. Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, __________ surprised everyone.
A. which

B. that

C. who

D. that it

Find and correct the mistake in the following sentences.

1. Last Saturday I attended a party giving by one of my friends. My friend, who his apartment is in another
town, was very glad that I could come.
2. Dr. Darnell was the only person to whom I wanted to see.
3. There are eighty students, are from all over the world, study English at this school.
4. The people who we met them on our trip last May are going to visit us on October.
5. Dianne Jones that used to teach Spanish has organized a tour of Central America for senior citizens.
6. There is an old legend telling among people in my country about a man lived in the seventeenth century
saved a village from destruction.


7. I've met many people since I came here who some of them are from my country
8. An old man was fishing next to me on the pier was muttering to himself.
9. People can speak English can be understood in many countries.
10. When I was a child, I was always afraid of the beggars whom they went from house to house in my
neighborhood.
11. One of the people which I admire most is my uncle.
12. Baseball is the only sport in which I am interested in it.
13. My favorite teacher, Mr. Peterson, he was always wiling to help me after class.
14. There are some people in the government who is trying to improve the lives of poor people.
15. I have some good advice for anyone who he wants to learn a foreign language.
Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown.
1. The hotel was full of guests. The hotel was miles from anywhere. The guests had gone there to admire the
scenery.
→The hotel _________________________________________________________________
2. I lent you a book. It was written by a friend of mine. She lives in France.
→The book _________________________________________________________________
3. A woman's jewels were stolen. A police officer was staying in the same hotel. The woman was
interviewed by him.
→The woman ________________________________________________________________
4. A goal was scored by a teenager. He had come on as a substitute. This goal won the match.

→The goal __________________________________________________________________
5. I was sitting next to a boy in the exams. He told me the answers.
→The boy __________________________________________________________________
6. My wallet contained $ 100. It was found in the street by a boy. He returned it.
→My wallet_________________________________________________________________
7. My friend Albert has decided to buy a motorbike. His car was stolen last week.
→My friend Albert ___________________________________________________________
8. Carol is a vegetarian. I cooked a meal for her last week. She enjoyed it.
→Carol _____________________________________________________________________
9. I got on a train. I wanted to go to a station. The train didn't stop there.
→The train __________________________________________________________________
10. I read a book. You recommended a book to me. This was the book.
→The book _________________________________________________________________
11. The ship hit an iceberg and sank. Warning messages had been sent to it. The ship ignored these.
→The ship___________________________________________________________________
12. The postman realized I was on holiday. You had sent me a parcel. The postman left it next door.
→The postman _______________________________________________________________
13. I used to own a dog. People came to the door. The dog never barked at them.
→The dog___________________________________________________________________
14. I bought my car from a woman. She lives in a house. You can see the house over there.


→The woman ________________________________________________________________
15. We went to a beach on the first day of our holiday. It was covered in seaweed. This smelled a lot.
→The beach _________________________________________________________________
16. My neighbors have three small children. The children make a lot of noise. My neighbors never
apologize.
→My neighbors ______________________________________________________________
17. I lost my wallet last week. It was found by a man. He was digging a hole in the street outside our house.
→The wallet _________________________________________________________________

18. Carol slammed the door behind her. Her father had given a car as a present. She drove off in it.
→Slamming _________________________________________________________________
19. At the end of the street was a building. The street was crowded with shoppers. Tom had not noticed the
building before.
→At the end of the street _______________________________________________________
20. Some people have just moved in next door. They have the same surname as some other people. Those
other people have just moved out.
→The people ________________________________________________________________
21. The journalist will interview the old man. His house was broken into last night.
→The journalist ______________________________________________________________
22. I listened to George patiently until he started insulting me. At that point I told him a few home truths. He
didn't like it.
→George ___________________________________________________________________
Put one suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the space blank if possible.
Murder at the station (by Loraine Small. Episode 5)
The story so far: Jane Platt (1)________is traveling to London because of a mysterious letter, is the only
person (2)________witness a murder at Victoria Station. The detective to (3)________she gives her
statements then disappears. Jane goes to an office in Soho to answer the letter (4) ________she has received.
There she discovers that her uncle Gordon, (5)________lives in South America, has sent her a box
(6)________she is only to open if in trouble. Jane, (7)________parents have never mentioned an Uncle
Gordon, is suspicious of the box, (8)________she gives to her friend Tony. They go to Scotland Yard and see
inspector Groves, (9)________has not heard of the Victoria murder, (10)________was not reported to the
police. Jane gives Inspector Groves the murdered man's ticket (11)________she found besides his body.
Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill, (12)________was the town (13)________the murdered man
had come from. On the train they met a man, (14)________face is somehow familiar to Jane,
(15)________says he knows her Uncle Gordon. Now read on.
Sherlock Homes
Sherlock Homes, (1)________name is well-known, didn't really exist. However, for many (2)
________have read his adventures, he might as well have been a real person.
The man (3)________created Holmes was Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Edinburgh in 1859. He

trained as a doctor, but found he could earn more money by writing than practicing medicine. He wrote not
only stories about Holmes, but many other books (4)________people also liked. However, it is for the
detectives stories (5)________he wrote that he is most remembered. The place (6)________the Holmes
mysteries are set is Victorian England. Holmes, (7)________________is a brilliant detective, uses his
intelligence and scientific knowledge to solve the mysteries. Even though Doyle wrote many Holmes
mysteries, we'll never know the reason (8)________he gave us so little information about Holmes' private
life. All the books were written in the first person, not by Holmes, but by his assistant, Dr. Watson,
(9)________knowledge of his master's private life was limited.


Rewrite each sentence so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I like Brenda, she is my kind of person.

(THAT)

→__________________________________________________________________________
2.The whole summer was sunny and warm for a change.

(WHICH)

→__________________________________________________________________________
3.Jean was the first person I asked for advice.

(WHOSE)

→__________________________________________________________________________
4.Not a single house in the street had escaped undamaged.

(WHICH)

→__________________________________________________________________________
5.Then I realized that I had left my wallet at home.

(WHEN)

→__________________________________________________________________________
6.I don't really approve of his proposal.

(WHAT)

→__________________________________________________________________________
7.It is an event I would rather forget.

(WHICH)

→__________________________________________________________________________
8.I have read all of her books but one.

(WHICH)

→__________________________________________________________________________
MORE EXERCISES
I. Fill in the blanks with Relative pronoun or Relative adverbs, Put commas wheel they are needed.
1.

Alexander Flemming ______ discovered penicillin received the Nobel Prize in 1945.

2.

The book _

3.

Here is the beach

4.

Do you know the American woman_

5.

Jim

6.

John found a cat

7.

Don’t sit on the chair the leg ______is broken.

8.

This tree

9.

The child smiled at the woman

10.

That woman_ _

11.

Children enjoy reading the books__ ________have coloured pictures.

12.

I met someone

said he knew you.

13.

The noise_______

he made woke everybody up.

14.

The film is about a spy

15.

Those girls______

serve in the restaurant are the owner’s daughters.

16.

The house____

walls and roof are made of glass is a green house.

17.

Rod Lee

18.

Mr Bake will buy the house__

19.

You have to take care of the books__

20.

Karl Marx _____

_____I need can’t be found in the library.
____is the safest for swimmers.
name is Margaret Mitchell?

___I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends.
___leg was broken.

_branches are dry should be cut down.
he didn’t know.

name I don’t remember is a doctor.

wife betrays him.

sister I know is a film actor.
is opposite to my house.
you borrowed from the library.

theories have changed the world’s history is the German Philosopher.


21.

Let me see all the letters

___you have written.

22.

Is there anyone

_is only 34 is the director of this company.

24.

The chief of Police,

_______work is very important, takes care of the public safety.

25.

I know a place

___roses grow in abundance.

26.

The teacher with

____we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.

27.

They showed me the hospital __

buildings had been destroyed by bombings.

28.

We saw many soldiers and tanks

___were moving to the front.

29.

We must find a time ______we can meet and a place we can talk.

30.

The decision was postponed, _

II.

Reduce relative clauses to phrases.

was exactly what he wanted.

1.The man who is standing there is a clown.
2.The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
3.Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes,
perfumes and explosives.
4.My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
5.The students don’t know how to do the exercises which were given by the teacher yesterday.
6.The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of the year
1812.
7.The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.
8.All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
9.All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
10.I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.
11.The street which leads to the school is very wide.
12.The system which is used here is very successful.
13.Mr Jackson, who teaches my son, is my neighbour.
14.Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
15.The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.
16.We are driving on the road which was built in 1980. 
17.Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.
18.The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
19.My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm.
20.The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.

III.

Replace the Relative clause by an infinitive or infinitive phrase.

1.We had a river in which we could swim.
2.The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
3.I have some letters that I must write.
4.If she had a family that she had to cook for, she would be more interested.
5.I haven’t anyone that I can go with.
6.We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything that we could sit on.


7.I wish I had a box that I could keep my letters in.
8.She hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards.
9.Have you got a key that can unlock this door?
10.There are six letters which have to be written today.
11.There is a bench that your children can sit on.
12.We have some picture books that children can read.
13.He was the second man who was killed in this way.
14.Hee is the novel that she should read.
15.

The man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.

IV.

Replace the To-infinitive phrases by Relative clauses.

1.Lady Astor was the first woman to take her seat in Parliament.
2.The last student to be interviewed was John.

3.I was the only person to see the difficulty.
4.The last person to leave the room must turn out the lights.
5.The air-hostess was the only person to survive the crash.
6.Jim was the first boy to reach the top.
7.He was the first man to leave the burning building.
8.We had a lake to swim in.
9.Here is an application form for you to fill in.
10.I have some letters to type right now.