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Academic
Mac OS X: The Missing Manual, Panther Edition
By
David Pogue

Publisher: O'Reilly
Pub Date: December 2003
ISBN: 0-596-00615-2
Pages: 782

With new material on practically every page, the latest update of David Pogue's best-selling title offers a wealth of detail on
the all of the changes in Apple's Mac OS X 10.3, aka "Panther". Written with humor and technical insight characteristic of
the Missing Manual series, the new edition covers everything from the all-new Finder to iChat AV Apple's exciting tool for
video conferencing. The book also deals with features under the hood, such as the Terminal and networking tools. Pogue,
the renowned New York Times computer columnist, tackles his subject with scrupulous objectivity revealing which new
features work well and which do not. An authoritative book that will appeal to novices and experienced users alike.

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Table of Contents

< Day Day Up >


•
Table of Contents
•
Reviews
•
CD-ROM
•
Reader Reviews
•
Errata
•
Academic
Mac OS X: The Missing Manual, Panther Edition
By
David Pogue

Publisher: O'Reilly
Pub Date: December 2003
ISBN: 0-596-00615-2
Pages: 782

Copyright

The Missing Credits


About the Author


About the Creative Team


Acknowledgments

Introduction


What's New in Panther


About This Book


About These Arrows


The Very Basics

Part I: The Mac OS X Desktop

Chapter 1. Folders and Windows


Section 1.1. Getting into Mac OS X


Section 1.2. Windows and How to Work Them


Section 1.3. The Three Window Views
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Section 1.4. Icon View


Section 1.5. List View


Section 1.6. Column View


Section 1.7. Logging Out, Shutting Down


Section 1.8. Getting Help in Mac OS X


Chapter 2. Organizing Your Stuff

Section 2.1. The Mac OS X Folder Structure


Section 2.2. Icon Names


Section 2.3. Selecting Icons


Section 2.4. Moving and Copying Icons


Section 2.5. Aliases: Icons in Two Places at Once


Section 2.6. Color Labels


Section 2.7. The Trash


Section 2.8. Get Info


Section 2.9. Finding Files 1: The Search Bar


Section 2.10. Finding Files 2: The Find Window

Chapter 3. Dock, Desktop, and Toolbar


Section 3.1. The Dock


Section 3.2. Setting Up the Dock


Section 3.3. Using the Dock


Section 3.4. The Finder Toolbar


Section 3.5. Designing Your Desktop


Section 3.6. Menulets: The Missing Manual

Part II: Applications in Mac OS X


Chapter 4. Programs and Documents


Section 4.1. Launching Mac OS X Programs

Section 4.2. The "Heads-Up" Program Switcher


Section 4.3. Exposé: Death to Window Clutter


Section 4.4. Hiding Programs the Old-Fashioned Way


Section 4.5. How Documents Know Their Parents


Section 4.6. Keyboard Control


Section 4.7. The Save and Open Dialog Boxes


Section 4.8. Three Kinds of Programs: Cocoa, Carbon, Classic


Section 4.9. The Cocoa Difference


Section 4.10. Installing Mac OS X Programs


Chapter 5. Back to Mac OS 9
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Section 5.1. Two Roads to Mac OS 9


Section 5.2. Classic: Mac OS 9 on Mac OS X


Section 5.3. Restarting in Mac OS 9


Section 5.4. Three Tricks for Faster Switching


Chapter 6. Moving Data


Section 6.1. Moving Data Between Documents


Section 6.2. Exchanging Data with Other Macs


Section 6.3. Exchanging Data with Windows PCs


Chapter 7. AppleScript

Section 7.1. Running Ready-Made AppleScripts


Section 7.2. Creating Your Own AppleScripts


Section 7.3. Recording Scripts in "Watch Me" Mode


Section 7.4. Saving a Script


Section 7.5. Writing Commands by Hand


Section 7.6. Folder Actions


Section 7.7. Advanced AppleScript

Part III: The Components of Mac OS X


Chapter 8. System Preferences


Section 8.1. The System Preferences Window


Section 8.2. .Mac

Section 8.3. Accounts


Section 8.4. Appearance


Section 8.5. Bluetooth


Section 8.6. CDs & DVDs


Section 8.7. Classic


Section 8.8. Date & Time


Section 8.9. Desktop & Screen Saver


Section 8.10. Displays


Section 8.11. Dock


Section 8.12. Energy Saver

Section 8.13. Exposé


Section 8.14. International


Section 8.15. Keyboard & Mouse


Section 8.16. Network


Section 8.17. Print & Fax


Section 8.18. QuickTime
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Section 8.19. Security


Section 8.20. Sharing


Section 8.21. Software Update

Section 8.22. Sound


Section 8.23. Speech


Section 8.24. Startup Disk


Section 8.25. Universal Access


Chapter 9. The Free Programs


Section 9.1. Your Free Mac OS X Programs


Section 9.2. Address Book


Section 9.3. AppleScript


Section 9.4. Calculator


Section 9.5. Chess

Section 9.6. DVD Player


Section 9.7. Font Book


Section 9.8. iCal, iChat, iSync


Section 9.9. iDVD 3


Section 9.10. Image Capture


Section 9.11. iMovie


Section 9.12. Internet Connect


Section 9.13. Internet Explorer


Section 9.14. iPhoto


Section 9.15. iSync

Section 9.16. iTunes


Section 9.17. Mail


Section 9.18. Preview


Section 9.19. QuickTime Player


Section 9.20. Safari


Section 9.21. Sherlock


Section 9.22. Stickies


Section 9.23. System Preferences


Section 9.24. TextEdit


Section 9.25. Utilities: Your Mac OS X Toolbox

Chapter 10. CDs, DVDs, and iTunes


Section 10.1. How the Mac Does Disks


Section 10.2. Burning CDs and DVDs
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Section 10.3. iTunes: The Digital Jukebox


Section 10.4. DVD Movies

Part IV: The Technologies of Mac OS X


Chapter 11. Security and Accounts


Section 11.1. Introducing Accounts


Section 11.2. Administrator vs. Standard Accounts


Section 11.3. Creating an Account

Section 11.4. Setting Up the Login/Logout Process


Section 11.5. Signing In


Section 11.6. Logging Out


Section 11.7. Fast User Switching


Section 11.8. The Root Account


Chapter 12. Networking


Section 12.1. Wiring the Network


Section 12.2. File Sharing


Section 12.3. Networking with Windows


Section 12.4. Managing Groups

Section 12.5. Dialing In from the Road


Section 12.6. Forgettable Passwords: The Keychain


Chapter 13. Printing, Faxing, Fonts, and Graphics


Section 13.1. Mac Meets Printer


Section 13.2. Making the Printout


Section 13.3. Managing Printouts


Section 13.4. Printer Sharing


Section 13.5. Faxing


Section 13.6. PDF Files


Section 13.7. Fonts—and Font Book

Section 13.8. Font Fuzziness on the Screen


Section 13.9. ColorSync


Section 13.10. Graphics in Mac OS X


Section 13.11. Screen-Capture Keystrokes


Chapter 14. Sound, Movies, Speech, and Handwriting


Section 14.1. Playing Sounds


Section 14.2. Recording Sound


Section 14.3. QuickTime Movies


Section 14.4. Speech Recognition
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Section 14.5. The Mac Talks Back


Section 14.6. Ink: Handwriting Recognition


Chapter 15. Terminal: Doorway to Unix


Section 15.1. Terminal


Section 15.2. Navigating in Unix


Section 15.3. Working with Files and Directories


Section 15.4. Online Help


Section 15.5. Terminal's Window Preferences


Section 15.6. Terminal Tips and Tricks


Section 15.7. Double-Clickable Unix Tools

Chapter 16. Fun with Unix


Section 16.1. Changing Permissions with Terminal


Section 16.2. Enabling the Root Account


Section 16.3. Nine Useful Unix Utilities


Section 16.4. Where to Go from Here


Section 16.5. Putting It Together


Chapter 17. Hacking Mac OS X


Section 17.1. TinkerTool: Customization 101


Section 17.2. Redoing Mac OS X's Graphics


Section 17.3. Replacing the Finder Icons

Section 17.4. Rewriting the Words

Part V: Mac OS X Online


Chapter 18. Internet Setup, Firewall, and .Mac


Section 18.1. The Best News You've Heard All Day


Section 18.2. Connecting by Dial-up Modem


Section 18.3. Broadband Connections


Section 18.4. AirPort Networks


Section 18.5. The Firewall


Section 18.6. Switching Locations


Section 18.7. Multihoming

Section 18.8. Internet Sharing


Section 18.9. .Mac Services


Section 18.10. Internet Location Files


Chapter 19. Mail and Address Book


Section 19.1. Setting Up Mail


Section 19.2. Checking Your Mail
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Section 19.3. Writing Messages


Section 19.4. Reading Email


Section 19.5. The Anti-Spam Toolkit


Section 19.6. Address Book

Chapter 20. Panther's Internet Software Suite


Section 20.1. Sherlock


Section 20.2. iChat AV


Section 20.3. iCal


Section 20.4. iSync


Section 20.5. Safari


Chapter 21. SSH, FTP, VPN, and Web Sharing


Section 21.1. Web Sharing


Section 21.2. FTP


Section 21.3. Connecting from the Road

Section 21.4. Remote Access with SSH


Section 21.5. Virtual Private Networking

Part VI: Appendices


Appendix A. Installing Mac OS X 10.3


Section A.1. Getting Ready to Install


Section A.2. Four Kinds of Installation


Section A.3. The Basic Installation


Section A.4. The Upgrade Installation


Section A.5. The Clean Install


Section A.6. The Setup Assistant

Section A.7. Uninstalling Mac OS X 10.3


Appendix B. Troubleshooting


Section B.1. Problems That Aren't Problems


Section B.2. Minor Eccentric Behavior


Section B.3. Frozen Programs (Force Quitting)


Section B.4. The Wrong Program Opens


Section B.5. Can't Empty the Trash


Section B.6. Can't Move or Rename an Icon


Section B.7. Application Won't Open


Section B.8. Startup Problems

Section B.9. Fixing the Disk


Section B.10. Where to Get Troubleshooting Help
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Appendix C. The "Where'd It Go?" Dictionary (Mac Version)


Section C.1. ~ATM control panel


Section C.2. Appearance control panel


Section C.3. Apple DVD Player


Section C.4. Apple Extras


Section C.5. Apple ( ) menu


Section C.6. Apple Menu Options control panel

Section C.7. AppleCD Audio Player


Section C.8. AppleScript


Section C.9. AppleTalk control panel


Section C.10. Application menu


Section C.11. Audio CD AutoPlay


Section C.12. Balloon Help


Section C.13. Battery Level


Section C.14. Button View


Section C.15. Chooser


Section C.16. Clean Up command

Section C.17. Click-and-a-half


Section C.18. CloseView


Section C.19. -Drag to scroll an icon-view window


Section C.20. Shift- -3, Shift- -4


Section C.21. Collapse box


Section C.22. ColorSync control panel


Section C.23. Contextual Menu Items folder


Section C.24. Control panels


Section C.25. Control Strip control panel


Section C.26. Date & Time control panel

Section C.27. Desktop clippings


Section C.28. Desktop printers


Section C.29. Dial Assist control panel


Section C.30. Disk First Aid


Section C.31. Disk icons


Section C.32. Draggable window edges


Section C.33. Drive Setup


Section C.34. Edit menu


Section C.35. Eject
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Section C.36. Empty Trash

Section C.37. Encrypt


Section C.38. Energy Saver control panel


Section C.39. Erase Disk


Section C.40. Extensions


Section C.41. Extensions Manager control panel


Section C.42. Favorites


Section C.43. File Exchange control panel


Section C.44. File menu


Section C.45. File Sharing control panel


Section C.46. File Synchronization control panel

Section C.47. Find Similar Files


Section C.48. Finder (the application)


Section C.49. Finder Preferences


Section C.50. Fonts folder


Section C.51. FontSync


Section C.52. Force quitting


Section C.53. General Controls control panel


Section C.54. Get Info


Section C.55. Graphing Calculator


Section C.56. Grid Spacing

Section C.57. Help menu


Section C.58. Hide commands


Section C.59. Info Strip


Section C.60. Infrared control panel


Section C.61. Internet control panel


Section C.62. Internet Utilities


Section C.63. iTunes


Section C.64. Key Caps


Section C.65. Keyboard control panel


Section C.66. Keychain Access control panel

Section C.67. Label command


Section C.68. Launcher control panel


Section C.69. Location Manager


Section C.70. Locked


Section C.71. Mac Help
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Section C.72. Mac OS Runtime for Java


Section C.73. Map control panel


Section C.74. Memory control panel


Section C.75. Modem control panel

Section C.76. Monitors control panel


Section C.77. Mouse control panel


Section C.78. Multiple Users control panel


Section C.79. New Folder command


Section C.80. Note Pad


Section C.81. Numbers control panel


Section C.82. Open Transport


Section C.83. Picture 1, Picture 2


Section C.84. Pop-up windows


Section C.85. Preferences folder

Section C.86. PrintMonitor


Section C.87. Put Away command


Section C.88. QuickTime Settings control panel


Section C.89. Quit command


Section C.90. Remote Access


Section C.91. Reset Column Positions


Section C.92. Restart


Section C.93. Script Editor


Section C.94. Scripting Additions


Section C.95. Search Internet

Section C.96. Security


Section C.97. Select New Original


Section C.98. Set to Standard Views


Section C.99. Sherlock


Section C.100. Show All


Section C.101. Show Clipboard


Section C.102. Show warning before emptying Trash


Section C.103. Shut Down


Section C.104. Shutdown Items


Section C.105. Simple Finder

Section C.106. SimpleSound


Section C.107. SimpleText
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Section C.108. Size box


Section C.109. Sleep


Section C.110. Smart scrolling


Section C.111. Software Update control panel


Section C.112. Sorting triangle


Section C.113. Sound control panel


Section C.114. Special menu

Section C.115. Speech control panel


Section C.116. Spring-loaded folders


Section C.117. Startup Disk control panel


Section C.118. Startup Items


Section C.119. Stationery Pad


Section C.120. Stickies


Section C.121. Systemfile


Section C.122. System Folder


Section C.123. TCP/IP control panel


Section C.124. TCP/IP, AppleTalk

Section C.125. Text control panel


Section C.126. Trackpad


Section C.127. USB Printer Sharing


Section C.128. View menu


Section C.129. View Options


Section C.130. Warn before emptying


Section C.131. Web Pages folder


Section C.132. Web Sharing control panel


Section C.133. Window collapsing


Section C.134. Zoom box

Appendix D. The "Where'd It Go?" Dictionary (Windows Version)


Section D.1. About [This Program]


Section D.2. Accessibility Options control panel


Section D.3. Active Desktop


Section D.4. Add Hardware control panel


Section D.5. Add or Remove Programs control panel


Section D.6. All Programs


Section D.7. Alt key


Section D.8. Automatic Update
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Section D.9. Backspace key

Section D.10. Battery Level


Section D.11. BIOS


Section D.12. Briefcase


Section D.13. Calculator


Section D.14. Camera and Scanner Wizard


Section D.15. CDs


Section D.16. Character Map


Section D.17. Clean Install


Section D.18. Clipboard


Section D.19. Command line

Section D.20. Control Panel


Section D.21. Copy, Cut, Paste


Section D.22. Ctrl key


Section D.23. Date and Time


Section D.24. Delete Key (Forward Delete


Section D.25. Desktop


Section D.26. Directories


Section D.27. Disk Defragmenter


Section D.28. Disks


Section D.29. Display control panel

Section D.30. DLL files


Section D.31. DOS prompt


Section D.32. Drivers


Section D.33. End Task dialog box


Section D.34. Exiting programs


Section D.35. Explorer


Section D.36. Favorites


Section D.37. Faxing


Section D.38. File Sharing


Section D.39. Floppy Disks

Section D.40. Folder Options


Section D.41. Fonts


Section D.42. Help and Support


Section D.43. Hibernation


Section D.44. Internet Explorer
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Section D.45. Internet Options


Section D.46. IRQs


Section D.47. Java


Section D.48. Keyboard control panel

Section D.49. Logging in


Section D.50. Mail control panel


Section D.51. Maximize button


Section D.52. Menus


Section D.53. Minimize button


Section D.54. Mouse control panel


Section D.55. My Computer


Section D.56. My Documents, My Pictures, My Music


Section D.57. My Network Places


Section D.58. Network Neighborhood

Section D.59. Notepad


Section D.60. Personal Web Server


Section D.61. Phone and Modem Options control panel


Section D.62. Power Options


Section D.63. Printer Sharing


Section D.64. Printers and Faxes


Section D.65. PrntScrn key


Section D.66. Program Files folder


Section D.67. Properties dialog box


Section D.68. Recycle Bin

Section D.69. Regional and Language Options control panel


Section D.70. Registry


Section D.71. Run command


Section D.72. Safe Mode


Section D.73. ScanDisk


Section D.74. Scheduled Tasks


Section D.75. Scrap files


Section D.76. Screen saver


Section D.77. Search


Section D.78. Shortcut menus

Section D.79. Shortcuts


Section D.80. Sounds and Audio Devices
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Section D.81. Speech control panel


Section D.82. Standby mode


Section D.83. Start menu


Section D.84. StartUp folder


Section D.85. System control panel


Section D.86. System Tray


Section D.87. Taskbar

Section D.88. Taskbar and Start Menu control panel


Section D.89. "Three-fingered salute"


Section D.90. ToolTips


Section D.91. TweakUI


Section D.92. User Accounts control panel


Section D.93. Window edges


Section D.94. Windows (or WINNT) folder


Section D.95. Windows logo key


Section D.96. Windows Media Player


Section D.97. Windows Messenger

Section D.98. WordPad


Section D.99. Zip files


Appendix E. Where to Go From Here


Section E.1. Web Sites


Section E.2. Free Email Newsletters


Section E.3. Advanced Books, Programming Books


Appendix F. The Master Mac OS X Secret Keystroke List


Section F.1. Startup Keystrokes


Section F.2. In the Finder


Section F.3. Power Keys

Section F.4. Managing Programs

Colophon

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Copyright © 2003 Pogue Press, LLC. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by Pogue Press/O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
December 2003: First Edition.
January 2004: Second Printing.
March 2004: Third Printing.
Missing Manual, the Missing Manual logo, and "The book that should have been in the box" are registered trademarks of
Pogue Press, LLC.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where
those designations appear in this book, and Pogue Press was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been
capitalized.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility
for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
ISBN: 0-596-00625-2

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The Missing Credits

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The Missing Credits
About the Author
About the Creative Team
Acknowledgments

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About the Author

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About the Author

David Pogue is the weekly computer columnist for the New York Times and the creator of the Missing Manual series. He's
the author or co-author of 25 books, including ten in this series and six in the "For Dummies" line (including Magic, Opera,
Classical Music, and The Flat-Screen iMac). In his other life, David is a former Broadway show conductor, a magician, and
a pianist. Family photos await at (
www.davidpogue.com ).
He welcomes feedback about Missing Manual titles by email:
. (If you need technical help, however,
please refer to the sources in
Appendix B and Appendix E.)

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About the Creative Team

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About the Creative Team
Nan Barber (copy editor) co-authored Office X for the Macintosh: The Missing Manual and Office 2001 for Macintosh: The
Missing Manual. As the principal copy editor for this series, she has edited the titles on iPod, iMovie 3 & iDVD, Mac OS X
Hints, Dreamweaver MX, and Windows XP. Email: .
Rose Cassano (cover illustration) has worked as an independent designer and illustrator for 20 years. Assignments have
spanned everything from the nonprofit sector to corporate clientele. She lives in beautiful southern Oregon, grateful for the
miracles of modern technology that make living and working there a reality. Email:
. Web: www.
rosecassano.com .
Dennis Cohen (technical editor) has served as the technical reviewer for many bestselling Mac books, including several
editions of Macworld Mac Secrets and most Missing Manual titles. He is the author or co-author of iLife Bible, Mac OS X
Bible, AppleWorks 6 Bible, Mac Digital Photography, and numerous other books. Email:
.
Adam Goldstein (technical editor) is the 15-year-old founder of GoldfishSoft, a Macintosh software development company.
His games and utilities have been featured in several international magazines, as well as on numerous Mac news sites.
When he's not programming, Adam goes to school and edits technical books (not at the same time). You can reach him via
email at
.

Phil Simpson (design and layout) works out of his office in Stamford, Connecticut, where he has had his graphic design
business since 1982. He is experienced in many facets of graphic design, including corporate identity, publication design,
and corporate and medical communications. Email:
.

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Acknowledgments

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Acknowledgments
The Missing Manual series is a joint venture between Pogue Press (the dream team introduced on these pages) and
O'Reilly & Associates (a dream publishing partner).
I'm grateful to all of them, and to AppleScript genius Bill Briggs for his help on
Chapter 7; O'Reilly's Chris Stone for the two
Unix chapters; Apple's Ken Bereskin, Mike Shebanek, and Anuj Nayar for their technical assistance; to Wacom's Burt
Holmes; and Jennifer Barber, Chuck Brandstater, John Cacciatore, Stephanie English, and Danny Marcus for their
proofreading smarts.
And introducing Adam Goldstein! is what movie credits would say about the gifted 15-year-old who met me at a book
signing one day and eventually became my right-hand man. He wrote this book's discussions of FileVault, journaling, and
the new Disk Restore feature; revised the Mail chapter; and polished many other discussions to a shine. You'll be hearing a
lot more from this guy.
Thanks to David Rogelberg for believing in the idea, and above all, to Jennifer, Kelly, and Tia, who make these books—and
everything else—possible.
—David Pogue
The Missing Manual Series
Missing Manual books are designed to be superbly written guides to computer products that don't come with printed
manuals (which is just about all of them). Each book features a handcrafted index; cross-references to specific page
numbers (not just "See Chapter 14"); and a promise never to use an apostrophe in the possessive word its. Current and
upcoming titles include:
● iPhoto 2: The Missing Manual by David Pogue, Joseph Schorr, & Derrick Story
● iMovie 3 & iDVD: The Missing Manual by David Pogue
● iPod: The Missing Manual by J.D. Biersdorfer (covering iTunes, MusicMatch, and the iTunes Music Store)
● Google: The Missing Manual by Sarah Milstein
● Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual by David Pogue
● Mac OS X Hints, Panther Edition by Rob Griffiths
● FileMaker Pro: The Missing Manual by Geoff Coffey

● Dreamweaver MX 2004: The Missing Manual by David Sawyer McFarland
● Office X for Macintosh: The Missing Manual by Nan Barber, Tonya Engst, & David Reynolds
● AppleWorks 6: The Missing Manual by Jim Elferdink & David Reynolds
● Windows XP Home Edition: The Missing Manual by David Pogue
● Windows XP Pro: The Missing Manual by David Pogue, Craig Zacker, & L. J. Zacker

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Introduction

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Introduction
Without a doubt, Mac OS X is a stunning technical achievement. In fact, many tech reviewers and experts have called it the
best personal-computer operating system on earth. But beware its name.
The X is meant to be a Roman numeral, pronounced "ten." Unfortunately, many people see "Mac OS X" and say "Mac O.S.
ex." That's a sure way to get funny looks in public.
Then there's the "Mac OS" part—what a misnomer! Mac OS X is not, in fact, what millions of people think of as the Mac
OS. Apple designed Mac OS X to look something like the old Mac system software, and certain features have been written
to work like they used to. But all of that is just an elaborate fake-out. Mac OS X is an utterly new creation. It's not so much
Mac OS X, in other words, as Steve Jobs 1.0.
If you've never used a computer before, none of this matters. You have nothing to unlearn. You'll find an extremely simple,
beautifully designed desktop waiting for you.
But if you're one of the millions of people who have grown accustomed to Windows or the traditional Mac OS, Mac OS X
may come as a bit of a shock. Hundreds of features you thought you knew have been removed, replaced, or relocated. (If
you ever find yourself groping for an old, favorite feature, see
Appendix C and Appendix D—the "Where'd it go?"
dictionaries for Mac OS 9 and Windows refugees.)
Why did Apple throw out the operating system that made it famous to begin with? Well, through the years, as Apple piled

new features onto a software foundation originally poured in 1984, performing nips and tucks to the ancient software to
make it resemble something modern, the original foundation was beginning to creak. Programmers (and some users)
complained of the "spaghetti code" that the Mac OS had become.
Apple felt that there wasn't much point in undertaking a dramatic system-software overhaul if they couldn't master every key
feature of modern computer technology in the process, especially crash-proofness. Starting from scratch—and jettisoning
the system software we'd come to know over the years—was the only way to do it.
The result is an operating system that provides a liberating sense of freedom and stability—but one that, for existing
computer fans, requires a good deal of learning (and forgetting).

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What's New in Panther

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What's New in Panther
The main thing you gain by adopting Mac OS X is stability. You and your Mac may go for years without ever witnessing a
system crash. Oh, it's technically possible for Mac OS X to crash, but that's an extremely rare event. Rumors of such
crashes circulate on the Internet like Bigfoot sightings. (If it happens to you, chances are good you've got a flaky hardware
add-on. Turn promptly to
Appendix B And by the way: Your programs may crash, too, but that doesn't affect the Mac
overall. You just reopen the program and carry on.)
Underneath the gorgeous, translucent desktop of Mac OS X is Unix, the industrial-strength, rock-solid OS that drives many
a Web site and university. It's not new by any means; in fact, it's decades old, and has been polished by generations of
programmers. That's the very reason Steve Jobs and his team chose it as the basis for the NeXT operating system (which
Jobs worked on during his twelve years away from Apple), which Apple bought in 1997 to turn into Mac OS X.
But crash resistance is only the big-ticket item. The list below identifies a few of the key enhancements in Panther. (Apple
says it added 150 new features to Mac OS X 10.3. The truth is, Apple undercounted.)
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION

All About "Panther"
What's this business about Panther?
Most software companies develop their wares in secret, using code names to refer to new products to throw
outsiders off the scent. Apple's code names for Mac OS X and its descendants have been named after big
cats: Mac OS X was Cheetah, 10.1 was Puma, and 10.2 was Jaguar.
Usually, the code name is dropped as soon as the product is complete, whereupon the marketing department
gives it a new name. In Mac OS X 10.3's case, though, Apple thought that its cat names was cool enough to
retain for the finished product. It even seems to suggest the new system's speed and power.
You do have to wonder what Apple plans to call future versions. Apple increases only the decimal point with
each major upgrade, which means it has six big cats to go before it hits Mac OS XI.
Let's see: Bobcat, Cougar, Leopard, Lion Tiger um Ocelot?
● Desktop features. Mac OS X in general makes navigating disks and folders extremely easy, thanks to features
like the Dock, the Finder-window toolbar, and column view, which lets you burrow deeply into nested folders
without leaving a trail of open windows.
In version 10.3, the Finder achieves maturity, turning from a squeaky-voiced teenager to a star college athlete. It's
faster than previous versions of Mac OS X, for starters. The new Sidebar is a huge idea. It eliminates much folder
navigation altogether, because one click reveals the contents of any frequently used folder or disk you park there.
Other new touches include color labels that you can use to categorize your icons, a brushed-metal look for all disk
and folder windows, and an Action pop-up menu (shaped like a gear) that brings the power of contextual (Control-
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What's New in Panther
key) menus to people who didn't even know they existed.
● Security. In an age when viruses and hackers are taking all the fun out of PCs, it's great to be on Mac OS X. To
date, not a single Mac OS X virus has emerged—partly because the Mac represents a smaller "audience" for virus
writers, and partly because the Mac's technical plumbing is more difficult to penetrate.
In Panther, Apple has capitalized on Mac OS X's reputation for security by adding Secure Empty Trash (which
deletes files you've put into the Trash, then scrubs the spot on the hard disk seven times with random gibberish to
prevent recovery); FileVault (which encrypts your Home folder when you log out, so that nobody can access your
files by restarting from another disk); and a new feature that closes down your account after a specified period of
inactivity (so that the guy in the next cubicle can't rifle through your stuff when you step away to the bathroom).

● Timesavers. You no longer have to close out your account if somebody else in your family, school, or business
wants to duck in to check their own email. Thanks to Fast User Switching, you can keep your programs and
documents open in the background, even while somebody else logs in.
UP TO SPEED
Extremely Quartz
When you use Fast User Switching to change accounts, your entire screen appears to rotate off the
monitor to the left, as though it's on the face of a giant cube.
You're witnessing Mac OS X's powerful graphics technologies at work—Quartz Extreme (for two-
dimensional graphics) and OpenGL (for three-dimensional graphics). These are the same
technologies that give you smooth-looking (antialiased) lettering everywhere on the screen,
translucence (of open menus, the Dock, and other onscreen elements), smoothly crossfading
slideshows in iPhoto and the screen saver, and the ability to turn any document on the screen into an
Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file (
Section 13.6).
Quartz Extreme works by offloading graphics calculations to your Mac's video card to make them even
faster.
Note, though, that not all Macs benefit from Quartz Extreme. Your Mac's video card must be on The
List: GeForce2 MX, GeForce3, GeForce4 MX, and GeForce4 Ti cards, or any "AGP-based ATI
Radeon" card. Unfortunately, this list excludes colored iBook models, the white iBooks sold in 2001
and 2002, G3 desktops, early G4 desktops, some fruitcolored iMac models, and older PowerBooks.
Exposé is another important advance in navigating today's cluttered screens. It provides a single keystroke that
shrinks and arranges all windows in all programs, so that you can click the thumbnail miniature you want and bring
it to the front. (As you'll find out in
Section 4.3, it's nothing like the Tile command in Windows.) Another Exposé
keystroke shoves all open windows off to the edges of the screen for a moment, so that you can duck back to your
Finder desktop to create a folder, burn a CD, locate a file, and so on.
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What's New in Panther
UP TO SPEED
Mac OS X: The Buzzword-Compliant Operating System

You can't read an article about Mac OS X without hearing certain technical buzzwords that were once
exclusively the domain of computer engineers. Apple is understandably proud that Mac OS X offers all
of these sophisticated, state-of-the-art operating system features. Unfortunately, publicizing them
means exposing the rest of us to a lot of fairly unnecessary geek terms. Here's what they mean:
Preemptive multitasking. Most people know that multitasking means "doing more than one thing at
once." The Mac has always been capable of making a printout, downloading a file, and letting you
type away in a word processor, all at the same time.
Unfortunately, the Mac OS 7/8/9 (and Windows 95/98/Me) version of multitasking works by the rule of
the playground: the bully gets what he wants. If one of your programs insists on hogging the attention
of your Mac's processor (because it's crashing, for example), it leaves the other programs gasping for
breath. This arrangement is called cooperative multitasking. Clearly, it works only if your programs are
in fact cooperating with each other.
Mac OS X's preemptive multitasking system brings a teacher to the playground to make sure that
every program gets a fair amount of time from the Mac's processor. The result is that the programs get
along much better, and a poorly written or crashing program isn't permitted to send the other ones
home crying.
Multithreading. Multithreading means "doing more than one thing at once," too, but in this case it's
referring to a single program. Even while iMovie is rendering (processing) a special effect, for
example, it lets you continue editing at the same time. Not all Mac OS 9 programs offered this feature,
but all programs written especially for Mac OS X do. (Note, however, that programs that are simply
adapted for Mac OS X—"Carbonized" software, as described in
Section 4.8—don't necessarily offer
this feature.)
Symmetrical multiprocessing. Macs containing more than one processor chip are nothing new. But
before Mac OS X, only specially written software—Adobe Photoshop filters, for example—benefited
from the speed boost.
No more. Mac OS X automatically capitalizes on multiple processors, sharing the workload of multiple
programs (or even multithreaded tasks within a single program), meaning that every Mac OS X
program gets accelerated. Mac OS X is smart enough to dole out processing tasks evenly, so that
both (or all) of your processors are being put to productive use.

Dynamic memory allocation. Mac OS X programs don't have fixed RAM allotments. The operating
system giveth and taketh away your programs' memory in real time, so that no RAM is wasted. For
you, this system means better stability, less hassle.
Memory protection. In Mac OS X, every program runs in its own indestructible memory bubble—
another reason Mac OS X is so much more stable than its predecessors. If one program crashes, it
isn't allowed to poison the well of RAM that other programs might want to use. Programs may still
freeze or quit unexpectedly; the world will never be entirely free of sloppy programmers. But instead of
a message that says, "Save open documents and restart," you'll be delighted to find that you can go
right on working. You can even open up the program that just died and pick up right where you left off.
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What's New in Panther
You can now send and receive faxes right from the Mac, too, using Apple's first homegrown, fully integrated faxing
software.
● Networking. When it comes to hooking up your Mac to other computers, including those on the Internet, few
operating systems can match Mac OS X. It offers advanced features like multihoming, which keeps all networking
connections (via Ethernet cable, AirPort wireless card, dial-up modem, Bluetooth cellphone, and even Firewire
cable) open simultaneously. For laptop lovers, that means that your laptop can switch automatically and invisibly
from its cable modem settings to its dial-up modem settings when you take it on the road.
In Mac OS X 10.3, you can still connect to another networked computer using the Go
Connect to Server
command. But there's a far easier way now: Just click the Network icon in the Sidebar. It reveals all of the Macs
and PCs on your home, school, or office network, without your having to configure anything or know their
addresses.
● Accessory programs. Perhaps the least publicized new Panther feature is the set of upgrades Apple made to the
50 accessory programs that come with the Mac.
For example, iChat AV (ordinarily $30) comes with Panther, making it possible for you to conduct free long-
distance phone calls and even video calls over the Internet. A new program called Font Book acts like a junior
version of Font Reserve or Suitcase; it reveals all of your fonts, makes it simple to install or remove them, and lets
you switch off sets of fonts at will.
The TextEdit word processor now offers style sheets, and it can create and open full-fledged, true-blue Microsoft

Word documents. Preview, which began life as a humble graphics viewer/converter, is now a fast, powerful PDF
reader like Adobe Acrobat Reader (which no longer comes with Mac OS X).
Image Capture can operate Epson scanners and many others—and it offers a mind-blowing new spycam feature
using an ordinary digital camera. The Mail email program and Safari Web browser have been beefed up, too. And
the humble Calculator now has a graphing mode, although you have to unlock it yourself, as described in
Chapter
9.
The complete list of changes in Mac OS X 10.3 would fill a book—in fact, you're holding it. But some of the nicest changes
aren't so much new features as renewals. Panther comes with an even more full-blown collection of printer drivers, for
example, and the latest versions of its underlying Unix security and Internet software.

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