- Trang chủ >>
- Khoa học tự nhiên >>
- Vật lý
BÀI TẬP NHÓM VẬT LÝ HẠT NHÂN VÀ HẠT CƠ BẢN PHẢN ỨNG HẠT NHÂN
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (782.72 KB, 29 trang )
2013
!"#$%!&#'()#$*+#,' /'01'!2#,
34(5#$!#'61' 789:
!;.,<=>
?@=/'A#$BB#C.7DBE
FF
3
3 'G#HIJ!K'"#6#$'J/#'G#
B3L#'#$'MN
!!"
#$%!&!#$!'(%!!)%*+
*,
-./$$012314
56667&!#$!!#$$$3456
73'G#HIJ!K'"#6#$'J/#'G#
8#$!89!"'
8#$!89!":!$;<3'=>?@
8#$!89!"5.6
!
A!$B3<C3!DEF(45%!6
GH!I!$!'#$$8J$%)$K!"LM%N
$O!!!'%!6
5331<P#$#$Q$
5331R$($%:!:!J$$SR$3T
!U*+
*V
E6
"# $ %
3!&3$;3/
53@6?J$$SI!IEA!$B35331
LF# E#$J$$$-2!U*+
W*
E76
"# &' (
X$ !#$Y3!I$Z!!%!6
GJ$3[$<
N3'"#6#$'J/#'G#/'01O0
C3!!:!F0-31!"0$E\
/$RJ$!#$06
NP→PQ
?<]!DE3^!"3
0!D0E3
_N$`!J$%$;<Y207]6
GB!DB0#$0E3!D$207Q$
%-2076
Ví dụ:
*ab *aVc *ab *aVc
2 7 ) * ) ) )+ → +
*ab *ad *ab *ad
2 7 ) + ) +
γ γ
+ → +
,-#.
?$$$!"!! !%N/$5
4!"!!$/$2Be$($! 07
fY→Yf gX-2Y7h
Y<iD$45! 0
Ví dụ:
,-#.&/
iEA/$$$$!"!! !6
fY→Ycf gX-2Yc7h
?Yc!D($45%:!:!
!D($%!
jk$3%-36?k$%-!l!$%-%-
6jNE<
W+d W+d
0 0+ → +
G$ZFZ!"3!I5!!mJ389!!m
0%B3!D!I'n$%-F
mN$6
3RS
1. L#'H?T/Q"I/IU#V!2#/W1'%UOX#?1HI#
N3L#'H?T/Q"I/IU#V!2#/W1'YZ[
G$Z$-!A!$;!)o<?/$Ep$;:!!"!!
$30o/$Ep$;:!!!E3^!"36
123
Q3L#'H?T/Q"I/IU#OX#?1HI#
?!!3NJ2%NE$37Ep!
315!0
2. L#'H?T/Q"I/IU##C#$H(\#$%U]?#$H(\#$
P!%:!#!F)2!U*+
*W
!7$-%BQ!$n!!-
.$F);$ !#$!I';!N3
8<?/45!q5!"!!;5!0
N[C#$H(\#$K'"#6#$
rs3 m045$B<
2[6W6*7
?<?
$
4!"$
?
*
t?
f?
Y
4#!36
?
W
t?
0
f?
]
4#!36
* b b *
* [ u +
+ 4 56 + → +
W W
2 7! 2 7!
) ) 5 5
- - - -+ + + = + + +
?JY20$7-2?
Y
t+7⇒?
*
t?
2[6W6*7
5!<
_& Q$45D
G$!v
+*
≠v
+W
%$; 5!Q$45!"36X$;
w<
2[6W6W7
x45!"33145w)0o$;$n
4E#!36
?y0$I!2[6W6W7E;!<
P;!!)owz!
W
#$H%p$5 !"4
5$$34536
G45)3!I:A!$B3y%p$5
!"!!$36GB!!%p$5!0$B!:!
2J]7!I:5!%p$5BT0$Bwy!!$m
4A!$B36
c@?^_D<?3%{'EA)4J45D
$$Q$3)46)4!I#$0F%|4
5!"#$2B45"I5Bi0!"
B#$:!$;76
x:89<)4
G45/53!"}̴*+
V
1# 45Q!
!:453$;63!
~$2~
W[,
7!q!$)4!45!UW++j'x(8!"B
4!"!!6
( ) ( )
W
Y 0 ] W *
f f ! t ? ?
W W
+* +W
2 7! • 2 7!
) 5
7 7 = + = +
+* +W
7 7−
+* +W W *
8 7 7 - -= − = −
( ) ( )
Y 0 ]
f f
8
=
[ *
W +
u *
W +
[W,
*bV
* * +6 8 961
* - +6 8 961
+ → + =
+ → + =
c@?^`D,?3%{'EA445DJ$;!$
4Q$3464!D%$45
#$"!<
xy
E
i!3
b
C$237
u
b
]'
u
a
]'2€7
W
u
P'
b
*u
G2=37
d
b
•Z!wg+w‚2*fW7
j'x
123 ?:w!"3E<
t2u++[dVf*u++b,[72*+++d*[f*b++u,+7
t+++*Wu2%7
G-wt+++*Wu6a[*t**V2j'x7
0:;<<=961
c@?^aD<ƒ#$J53R$`! m
0%Nn`#$4531!l!#$45
D4!"y$362GH!%p$5!"y
76
Q3bcd#e#$H9\#$1fNK'"#6#$'J/#'G#3
?y '„m05<
2[6W6[7
?JJ t+ 6?'$$B!"G6]!I'3
'$$$„6
!N!cIJ#B, …$„l$††lMl33†
W *
8 - -= −
* W
- - 8= +
u *u *b *
W b d *
+6 > ++ → +
2 7
+ >
α
∆ = + − +
* W
- -=
+* +W
7 7=
) 5+ → +
Y ] 0
+ = +
ur ur ur ur
Y
ur
] 0
= +
ur ur ur
P+!!!Ep!m2$;:!%p$5;
p!!!45‡3$@7!J$$Ep%!Uh*+
*V
EQ$
53316
!N!cIJ#7, …$$„l3ˆlMl33†
?'$‰$-!‰G6]<?!!ˆ!!l$†
ˆ$l8G6]„-†M!!!„Ml!'†M!lM$
$N!!3‰Nl$l!‰lMl$!
$-l!$‰$$!-†3‰l6‰l„Ml!N‰
'!M!-Ml33†E<
fr→i
c
→0fŠ
?„i
c
†lMl33†M‰l$%$!$!6i
ˆ$†8%$l„l„$†l0$rl†!!l
Ml33†i
c
M‰l$%$!$!6Pl„l2!-‰†Nl7
„Ml!!N†ˆ!-‰„NlNˆl!!!N!‰l
6X$„TMl%$!$!†l„l„†!„Ml!
!$E'ˆ!!!!N%!6?l$$‰0-†i
c
N†l$M†$$
!Mˆ*+6*+
V
E†3ˆ†$l0†Š
jNllMl33†i
c
!-‰3ˆ†$-†!!%‰
8$ˆ6iT‰l![!!%‰8$ˆl†lMl33††[!!
%‰8$ˆ†!-‰3ˆ<
+ )+ →
+ 5→ +
]%$-‰l†lMl33†
jNl%$-‰0%†[%$-‰l†lMl33†„-†!-‰
8ˆM$Nl%$-‰3ˆ0%†[%$-‰$-6
'g#$/N]h/$!N!cIJ#ci?,
f‹m05<
f‹m0T5< 2[6W6u7
?„
+
+
c
!
W
?
+
15„TT5D„T!"
5331+!"$%:!:!6
?: 2J53%NM„p$H?
j*+j'x7
2[6W6,7
?:?
+
< 2[6W6V7
+ )+ →
+
=
ur ur
( )
W c W
Y + +
! ? ! ? + + = +
c W
+
!
( )
W c W
Y + +
! ? ! ?+ + = +
( )
c W W
+ Y +
! ! ? ?⇒ = + + −
W W
+
+ +
c c
+ +
2 7
W W
0 0
- 0 0
= = =
r r
?y0$I!2[6W6,7E< 2[6W6b7
?Fo2[6W6b7 Ep5F)MEp<
2YEp%p$5/!!"$Yt7
(1„`0!F!I!$<
> „ 0$I ! 1 „` 0! $ !" ! I $B <
2[6W6d7
!I$B< 2[6W6a7
]$B%p$5!"5331%:!:!
+
c
!I!m45
%:!:!!"<
2[6W6*+7
c W W
+
c
+
2 7 2* 7
)
-
= + + −
c
+
* *+
- - 961
− < ≤
÷
W
Y
2 7! ‚ a[* j'x )+
( )
c W W
+ )
≈ +
c W
+
!
( )
c W W
+
*
)
)
-
= + + −
÷
+
( )
W
)
)
)
-
= + +
÷
+
+
c
+
2 7
- -
=
+
2 7
)
- -
=
+
c W W W
+ + +
2 7
)
)
)
? -
= − = + − +
+
?„EpFT5$-%B!"„p$#$
•%$; Ep$„T!"!!Y;
%p$%$;?
*
Œ
!lQ$„TM„p$6
GT5%:!:!!"5331
GB !%$ 2H 7!lB !$$
316
f1 8e„I%:!:!53316
f1 8e!!I„!"53316 6
i`T0$I8$O-5331%:!:!'EM„RT
53T$]0$J53wh+wg+6
?Œ
W
4 p$!"0];%p$ 6)4
6?J5334 8<
H 2[6W6**7
2 7
ε
•
*
2 7
? -
ε
= +
+? ≠
•
*
+- =
+
- = +
- ≠
-
•
*
)
)
- -
=
+
+
)
- -
=
+
•
* +
- - -+ =
• •
W *
8 - -
ε ε
= − = −
• •
W *
+8 - -= − <
• •
* W
- 8 -= +
•
*
- 8≥
>F0o#$$m)F!"4 p$!"!!Y
3!I5!
?! E$Z%$;45)F!"0#$3
!IQ$U!"36
H<
?F@-
A
# 5!:0o4!"53316
!"!/'W1'O5Vd#C#$H(\#$1fNK'"#6#$/kN#C#$%U/'?#C#$,
<G45D!"5331($! 0$
%:!:!6
<?/45D!"!!3316
<?/45D!"!!E3^6
?
*
Œ<4I%:!:!5331
BCD!E:
P5331y$! 05!-$%:!:!R$(
$%:!:!J$$S3T$E3^0](
Z$! 06)45 6?F9!
45#y8#$--3)4%p$5!"!!
•
* $
2 7- 8=
•
*
)
)
- -
=
+
( )
$
$
)
)
)
8 8
)
- -
+
= ⇒ =
÷
+
$ $
2 7 2 7
) )
- 8 8 8 -
= + = +
+
( ) ( )
+
$ $
- 8 -= +
8
W
+
W
+
( )
W
)
+
( )
W
5
+
• •
W *
8 - -
ε ε
= − = −
E3^0$J!q) %p$5!"!!3128$;59
%p$7- o(!45! 6?yE RF
#$J53!"3)46
? A!J5334!q!< 6
* Xét phản ứng hạt nhân
wt+aWj'x2[6W6*u7
_4)F!"'I3<
C`!($mU!"3 !I;
3l:$;#$!ep!6G4!"5331<
5!3!$Z!!!E3^'%p$
5!"!`6
H
i`o4!"3)F*X'xHNN%!
%N2;3l:$;7%N0$J) *X'x6
Xét hai phản ứng tổng hợp hạt nhân nhẹ tỏa năng
i!3!5!!!'F 46?sJ53
&!0$;%$02'708#$!a+
+
E#$3 !"!
892>''76
( )
W
)
+
( )
W
5
+
• •
W *
+8 - -= − >
• •
W *
+8 - -= − <
[W [W
*V *,
F + → Ρ +
( )
$
*
+aW [W +a,
[W
)
)
- 8 961
= + = + ≈
÷
÷
• •
* W
+- 8 G -= =
+
6
)
- -
=
÷
+
*
*
6+a, ++[
[[
- 961
= =
÷
[W
*
[W
-
-
Ρ
=
+
*
6 *
[[
- - H61= ≈
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
W W [
* * W
W [ u
* * W
[W, [6W6*V
*bV [6W6*b
+ + +6 8 961
+ + +6 8 961
+ → + =
+ → + =
_m05<
t
0
f
]
2Y01-76
?
t?
*
•?
0
f?
]
t?
W
•wt?
W
?
*
•?
fwt?
W
t?
0
f?
]
2c7
W
f
0
W
t
]
W
?y!N!
W
tW?!<
?y2c72cc7!< 2[6W6*d7
x#$$m4!U?
Ž+Wj'x3F6?J53
4!"'08#$!a+
+
E#$!e8''#$<
2#$37
2#$307
E3!"#Vd]?#$H(\#$1fNK'"#6#$'J/#'G#6
N3A#]JVU#'d!1fN1A1'J/%U$!"#Vd]?#$H(\#$/4I#$/A#]J
* Tán xạ đàn hồi:
?R$ !!"$/4!"$
%N/$!D!33p$$4/$$3 !I
!"$6
?A! !R$A!iNA!
6
i!:!$;!45F35!-A!iN6G'!!
:!$;!45!5!-8#$!89!"A!
_&!!Ep!%!!SI2!/$I7Ep5.
'•25.76
( )
cc
5
5 5
- - -
+ =
÷ ÷
5
5
5 5
- 8 -
−
= +
+ +
[ *
6[W, 6+W W,
u u
- 961= + ≈
u W
6*bV 6+W *u
, ,
- 961= + ≈
@?l
7
_l
B
Yl`N[/'mn
B
_n
7
?'! Q!5.!5 #$•g•!q!Dn
$m$<2#$%!!#$17
j'5!"<
o!"#Vd]?#$H(\#$/4I#$/A#]J
GB3 !I!"0m5!0$B2yA!$;7E\!
3 33Q! $I!mp!3 !I!"
0#$3 335!Q$3 33$R56
_I$B3$R5E.89$;Q<;3l:$;;
Q:6
f+%G2%8eIN!9I!!%BA!$;!!$
5!%!!p!@
f +%JKL#28eI3:!!!%BA!$-6?
$I%N!I%p$Q!"$5!!Qp!
Q
?;:5!"$NN0oZ#
5!!$Z6
iN!$-;$np!!";3l:$;;:<
0
ur
2 *7 2 *7 +*W666
ρ λ
= + = + < =
h
( )
*9
ρ
→
= = +h
* W
* W
* W
L
9 9
9 9
+
=
+
r r
r
'6#$.!#',
rsJ53/<
rsW!%p$5j
*
j
W
!I#$p!15
*
W
2s;
3l:$;76:o$n$!$%!!$
$D;#$%p$5<
2c7
iQ•p!QS#$J$E2;?G7Q!"$
E\<
2cc7
?y\!<
2ccc7
?<
:E#$p!•2S#$;?G7
2ccc7⇒2
‘
*
7j
*
tj
W
2
W
‘
7
j
*
‘j
*
*
tj
W
W
‘j
W
6
2
*
f
W
7
tj
*
*
fj
W
W
6
⇒ 6D;#$p!-<
* W
W *
•
•
9 > 9
> 9 9
=
* *
W W
. >9
. >9
=
=
*
* W W
W * W *
•
•
L
L
. .
9 > 9 9
> 9 9 . . 9
−
= ⇒ =
−
* * W W
* W
L
9 . 9 .
.
9 9
+
=
+
* W
* W
* W
L
9 9
9 9
+
=
+
r r
r
GBj
*
tj
W
tj<-!I#$p! 2;
3l:$;7:!";NNo$n%!!!"W
!I#$p! 6
Điều này được mô tả như sau:
X$p$#$;:<
• xp!!"j
*
<
• xp!!"j
W
<
r5!"$<
GBj
*
≠j
W
<:o$n$!$%!!$
$K;m!#$%p$56
r
W
L
=
•
*
W
L
= − =
•
W
+
W
L
= − =−
*
• •
j * *
3
W
9 9= =
W
• •
j W W
3
W
9 9= =−
* W
•
•
9 9
⇒ =
uuur
uuuur
* W
W *
•
•
9 > 9
> 9 9
=
GB9
M
-!l9
<
!I#$p! &p!Q•23l:
$;7(9
M
Q9
<
;3l:$;.Q:>N
.
L
>p!!"9
<
9
M
;:<
r5!"!!;:<
G/5!"$;:NN0o%N6
Xây dựng giản đồ thực nghiệm
…$E.!%p$5j
*
!I#$p! #$!R$#$
-%p$5j
W
2sJ53J&3j
*
gj
W
7
…$E. 0$I8$O5 !"j
*
;3l:$;
#!%$6r5 !"j
W
0o+6
?!$’Y]$K;#$%p$5!"$<
r
*
W
L
L
.
9
. . 9
=
−
*
* W
L
9
. .
9 9
=
+
*
* W
L
9
9 9
=
+
*
•
W
* W
9 L
9
9 9
= − =
+
*
•
*
* W
9 L
9
9 9
=− = −
+
* * *
• •
* W W
*
* W * W
9 9 9
9 9 9
0 9 0
9 9 9 9
= = =
+ +
W W *
• •
W * W
W
* W * W
9 9 9
9 9 9
0 9 0
9 9 9 9
= = − =−
+ +
* W
• •
9 9
→ →
⇒ =−
r
)5
uuur
*
9
0
uuur
W
9
0
uuur
*
W
9)>
>5 9
=
!"#Vd]?#$H(\#$/4I#$/A#]J
<5!"j
*
#!%$;:6
?'m05:!F!";:5
!"j
W
3$0o 5!!$Z6
X$N!"$;:8LB$;!!&3
5$!ON,
r5!"9
<
9
M
E%$<
iIE;Q3l:$;;:!I#$
p!<
?!I!$!e$-!$Z!-n
539!"!I'6
* *
•
W W
* W * W
9 9
9 9
>5 )5 0 0
9 9 9 9
= = =
+ +
uuur
uuur uuur uuur
*
•
9
0
uuur
*
•
9
0
uuur
*
•
9
0 >5=
uuuur uuur
W
•
9
0 >"=
uuuur uuur
*
•
9
0 >*
∨
=
uur
uuur
*
•
9
0 >7
∨
=
uur
uuur
*
* W
L
9
9 9
→ →
=
+
5!0$I8$O0o!!
r5!"j
*
;:E!<
r539I!IZ;3l:$;
?/53W'! < !: <5!"j
*
E%$!
;3l:$;6
? A<
@ P;QR (D S%2%A
x'! 5 !e#$5!"9
<
-
$!-
@TUVWQK;A
x5!"!!;Q:;Q3l
:$;5!0$I8$O(0E<
* *
W
* *
*
* W * W
9 L 9
6
9 9
0 9 0
9 9 9 9
→ → →
= = =
÷
+ +
r
W *
W * W
W
* W * W
9 L 9
6
9 9 9
0 9 0
9 9 9 9
→ → →
= = =
÷
+ +
r
*
9
6
0
→
÷
W
9
6
0
→
÷
)>
→
>5
→
*
•
9
0 >*
∨ →
=
uur
( )
*
9
6
0 >)=
uuur uuur
)* >* )>= +
uuur uuur uuur
*
9
0
→
(
W
•
9
0 >7=
uur uuur
( )
W
9
6
0 >5=
ur uuur
*5 >5 >7 >5 >*= + = −
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
>5
uuur
)*
uuur
*5
uuur
*
9
0 )5=
ur uuur
* * W
9 9 9
0 0 0
→ →
→
= +
( (
Để tìm xung lượng của hạt tán xạ và hạt nhân giật lùi ta thực hiện theo các bước
sau:
6x\'! 0o5!"#$<
06>e$I•!$Y]'KEp%p$5
!6?yY\J’*!“#$3 Y]@X #.YSV
Z2%A!Sll$>p$]>
86x\J%:>
<5!"E!6
<!!"j
*
6
<5!"$e$
<!!"$e$6
)5
→
*
9
0 )5
→ →
=
*
W
9)>
>5 9
=
)*
uuur
5)*
θ
∧
=
*5
uuur
*5)
ϕ
∧
=
<!!"j
*
;:#!E%$
!6
<5!"j
W
;:#!E%$
!6
'6_4/!!"$;:<
? • ?Œ
x#$ %p$5`Q6
”6_4!I'!"$<
G-<
><
@-K:[ (9
<
S%G2%A
6_4!"!!j
*
j
W
;3l:$;E!<
cP9
<
•
*>5
θ
∧
=
>"
uuur
>7
uuur
* W
• W • W
* W
• • •
* W
W W
9 9
9 9
- - -= + = +
*
•
W
* W
9
9
9 9
=
+
*
•
*
* W
9
9
9 9
=−
+
W W
•
* W W
* W * W
W W
9 9 9
- -
9 9 9 9
µ
= = =
÷
+ +
* W
* W
9 9
9 9
µ
=
+
( )
* W
W
W
L L
9 9
-
+
=
*
* W
L
9
9 9
=
+
W
*
W
9
- =
W W
* *
* W * W
W
L
9 9
- -
9 9 9 9
= =
+ +
•
L
- - -= +
X$\]^ DM\]<<
cP9
M
<
X$\]^ DM\]<<
?'m045R$<
P;!$n!!"!!;Q3l:$;<
( )
*
W W
* W * W
W
* W
W !E W
9
9 9 9 9
- -
9 9
ψ
+ −
=
+
(
( )
*
W
* W
$
* W
j
9
9
- -
9 9
−
=
÷
+
(
!EW * <
W
H _
π
ψ ψ
= = −
( )
*
9
- -=
(
( )
( )
W
* W
W
* W
W
* !EW
9
9 9
- -
9 9
ψ
= +
+
(
( )
( )
W
* W
W
* W
u
9
9 9
- -
9 9
=
+
(
!EW * <
W
H _
π
ψ ψ
= = −
( )
W
$
+
9
- =
(
* W
9 9
- - -= +
( (
*
W
E$ W
!E W
9
9
ψ
θ
ψ
=
−
*
W
E$ •
!E •
9
9
θ
θ
θ
=
+
