Báo cáo khoa học:Chủ nghĩa tư bản nhà nước trong thời kỳ quá độ lên chủ nghĩa xã hội potx

CHU NGHIA
TU^
BAN NHA
Nl/6C
TRONG THOI KI QUA DO
LEN CHU NGHIA XA HOI
ThS.
PHAM THI MINH PHUONG
Khoa Ly lugn chinh tri
Tru&ng
Dgi hpc
Giao
thdng Van tdi
Tdm
tdt:
Su
ton tgi nen kinh
te nhiiu
thdnh phdn trong thai
kl
qud
do
len
chu nghia
xd
hdi
la
mdt
tdt
yeu
khdch

quan.
Cdc
thdnh phdn
kinh ti ndy tdn tgt dan xen vd cd moi
Hen
hi vai
nhau.
Trong
cdc
thdnh phdn kinh
te
dy,
kinh te tu
bdn
nhd
nudc
Id
mgt
hinh thiec kinh
ti
cd
vai trd dgc
biit quan trgng trong
viic
hudng kinh
te
tu
nhdn dl vdo quy dgo ciia chii nghia
xd hgi
Tie viec tim

hieu ly
ludn ciia
V.
I.
Lenin
ve
chu
nghia
tu
bdn
nhd
nudc,
tdc gid
neu len
mdt
sd
gidl phdp nhdm .^ie dung cd hiiu qud kinh
te
tie bdn nhd nudc
a
nuac
ta.
Summary:
ji^g existence
of
multi-component economy In
period of
transition
to
socialism Is

an objective
Inevitable.
Those economic sectors exist altogether
and
closely relate
to
each
other.
In
those
economic
sectors,
state
capitalist economic
sector
Is
a sector which has a
particularly
Important role in
orienting
private economic sector Into the orbit
of socialism.
From reseaching
V.L Lenin's
theory about state capitalist economic
sector,
the
author gh>es
some solutions In order to using this economic sector effectively In
our

country.
I. DAT VAN DE
Su tdn tai khach quan va lgi ich cua nen
kinh te nhieu thanh
phan
trong thdi ky
qua
do
len chil nghTa xa hdi la dieu da dugc khang
dinh
til'
lau
ca ve ly luan va thuc tien. Trong
nen kinh te nhieu thanh phan ay, kinh te tu
ban
nha
nudc cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng
nham hudng kinh te tu nhan di
vao
quy dao
cua chil nghTa xa hdi. Vi vay, viec trd lai
nhung nguyen ly cua Lenin ve
chii
nghTa tu
ban
nha nudc de de xuat mdt sd giai phap
nham sir dung cd hieu qua thanh phan kinh te
nay d nude ta hien nay van la van de can thiet.
II.
NOI DUNG

Theo Lenin, chu nghTa tu ban nha nudc
(CNTBNN) la san pham
ciia sir
can thiep cua
nha nudc vao boat ddng cua xi nghiep tu ban.
Neu nha nudc la giai cap tu san, CNTBNN
phuc vu lgi ich
ciia
giai
cap
tu san. Neu nha
nudc la cua giai cap cdng nhan thi CNTBNN
phuc vu lgi ich cho giai cap cdng nhan. Vi
vay, CNTBNN dirge thilt lap trong thdi ky
qua do len Chu nghTa xa hdi la thu CNTBNN
dac biet. Tinh chit dac biet
ciia
nd
tbi
hien, vl
mat chinh trj: Tinh chit cua nha nudc da thay
doi.
Dd
la
nha nude cua dan, do dan va vi dan.
vl mat kinh tl, nha nude da cd trong tay mdt
khu vuc kinh tl nha nudc nim giu nhung vi
100
tri then chdt trgng ylu trong
nin

kinh tl.
Trong thdi ky qua do len Chu nghTa xa
hdi,
Lenin
chii
truong sii' dung
Chii
nghTa tu
ban Nha nude de cai tao va
xay
dung
Chii
nghTa xa hdi, Chu nghTa tu ban Nha nude
la
hinh thuc de cai tao tu ban tu
nhan
di theo
Chu nghTa xa hdi "Chu nghTa tu
ban
Nha nudc
ve kinh te cao hon
rat
nhieu so vdi nen kinh te
hien nay
ciia
nude ta"'. Dudi su kiem soat cua
nha nudc ddi vdi cac nha tu ban kinh doanh
trong
cac ITnh
vuc cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep,

thu'O'ng nghiep, dd la thir CNTBNN boat dgng
theo "tay
iai"
ciia
nha nudc vd san.
La
san
pham
ciia
ljch
sii',
kinh te tu
ban
nha nudc dat tdi trinh do phat trien cao, Lenin
nhin thay d do da xuat hien nhan td tien de
cho viec
xay
dung Chu nghTa xa hdi. Ngudi
viet: "Khdng cd ky thuat tu ban dugc
xay
dung tren nhung phat minh mdi nhat
ciia
khoa
hgc hien dai, khdng cd mdt td chuc nha nudc
cd ke hoach khien cho hang chuc trieu ngudi
phai
tuan
theo het
siic
nghiem ngat mdt tieu

chuan thdng nhat trong viec san
xuat
va
phan
phdi san pham thi khdng khdng the ndi den
Chu nghTa xa hgi dugc"".
Tir nhu'ng ly giai ndi tren, cd the
thay
ndi
dung chu yeu
ciia
CNTBNN bao gdm:
Mdt
Id:
CNTBNN khdng chi la mdt
thanh phan kinh te hdn hgp, mdt hinh thuc
kinh te hdn hgp giua nha nudc vd san vdi tu
ban tu nhan trong va ngoai nude
ma
dd cdn la
mdt boat ddng kinh te coi trgng lgi ich vat
chat, van dung co che thj trudng de lam ddng
luc thuc
day
kinh te phat trien, bdi vi,
CNTBNN sinh ra do chinh ta phai lgi dung
ban tay tu ban,
ma
tu ban chi cd the ra ddi
tren

nin
kinh te hang boa phat trien cao.
Hai la: CNTBNN cdn la su hgc tap, su
van dung cao do nhQng thanh tuu khoa hgc ky
thuat cdng nghe va thanh tuu khoa hgc quan
ly kinh te, dilu hanh kinh tl
ciia Chii
nghTa tu
ban. Ngudi vilt "Chi khi nao nhung ngudi
cdng san biet dimg ban tay
ciia
ngud'i khac de
xay dung nen kinh te ay va ban than minh,
hgc tap giai
cap
tu san ay va hudng giai
cap
ay theo con dudng minh mudn, khi dd chiing
ta mdi cd the lanh dao dugc
nin
kinh tl
^
Nhu vay, quan niem cua Lenin ve su phat
trien
ciia
CNTBNN trong thdi ky qua do len
Chii nghTa xa hdi d hai muc do: Nd la mdt
hinh thuc kinh te
qua
do

va
nd la mdt giai
doan phat trien - giai doan "trung gian", dugc
vi nhu chiec
"cau
nhd" vQng chac de dua san
xuat
nhd len san xuat ldn xa hgi
chii
nghTa bd
qua giai doan phat trien tu ban chu nghTa.
Vdi tu
each la
mdt hinh thiic kinh te qua
do,
Lenin chi ra, CNTBNN nhu la mdt thanh
phan kinh te trong thdi ky
qua
do len Chu
nghTa xa hdi. Trong thanh phan kinh te nay nha
nudc ciing vdi cac nha tu
ban
lien ket, lien
doanh de tien hanh san xuat
va
tieu thu hang
boa d day cd 4 loai hinh chu yeu. Dd la:
- Td nhugng: Dd la loai hinh ma nha
nudc vd
san

nhudng cho tu ban nude ngoai
quyen khai thac mgt sd xi nghiep, ham md,
dat dai, khu rirng dudi su kiem soat cua nha
nude. Nha nudc vd san va nha nudc tu ban
nudc ngoai ciing nhau ky ket hgp ddng quy
djnh thdi han td nhugng, quy md xi nghiep,
doanh lgi mdi ben v.v Dudi hinh thiic td
nhugng, Lenin chi rd ca nha tu ban va nha
nudc cimg cd lgi. Ddi vdi nha tu ban dd la lgi
nhuan cao,
la
ngudn nguyen lieu quy hiem,
cdn doi vdi nha nudc vd san, qua td nhugng
ma thuc diy san xuat phat trien, tang sd lugng
san phim trong dieu kien nha nudc vd san cdn
thilu thon du mgi phuong tien. Td nhugng la
hinh
thu'c
CNTBNN don gian nhit, sang td
nhit, cd hinh
thii
rd ret nhat.
- Hinh thirc thu' hai cua CNTBNN la hgp
tac xa
ciia
nhung ngudi tieu ndng, tieu san
Tap
chi
KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 32 -
11/2010

101
xuat. Theo Lenin so vdi td nhugng thi hgp tac
xa it don gian hon, cd hinh
thii
it rd ret hon,
phiic tap hon. Song "Chu nghTa tu
ban
hgp tac
xa gidng CNTBNN d chd nd tao dilu kien
thuan lgi cho
sir
kiem ke, kilm soat, theo ddi,
cho nhung quan he da ghi trong hgp ddng
giira nha nudc vdi nha tu ban. Nlu xet vl mat
thuong nghiep thi hgp tac xa cd lgi va cd ich
hon thuong nghiep tu nhan ching nhung vi ly
do neu tren
ma
cdn vi nd tao nen dieu kien
thuan lgi cho viec lien hgp
va
td chiic hang
trieu ngudi sau dd toan the
dan
chiing, va tinh
hinh
ay
lai
la
mdt dieu lgi rit ldn cho budc

qua do tuong lai tir CNTBNN len
Chii
nghTa
xa
hdi"\
- Hinh thiic thir ba cua CNTBNN la nha
nudc ldi cudn nha tu ban vdi tu each mgt nha
budn lam dai ly de hg ban
san
pham cho nha
nude
va
mua
san
pham cua nhtrng ngudi san
xuat
nhd cho nha nude, nha nudc tra tien hoa
hdng cho hg.
- Hinh thirc thir tu la nha nudc chd tu ban
tu nhan trong nudc thue de kinh doanh mdt xi
nghiep, viing md, khu dat v.v d
day
hgp
ddng cho thue gidng hgp ddng td nhugng.
Vdi tu
each
la mgt giai doan phat trien,
Lenin coi CNTBNN la giai doan gan lien vdi
thdi ky qua do len Chu nghTa xa hdi. Dd la
giai doan chuan bj vat chat

day
du nhat de tien
vao CNXH ma bat ky mdt dat nudc nao tien
len Chu nghTa xa hdi cung phai trai qua. Dieu
dd lai cang
can
thiet hon cho cac nude cd nen
kinh te kem phat trien di len
Chii
nghTa xa hdi
bd qua giai
doan.phat
trien tu ban chu nghTa.
Ddi vdi nude ta hien nay, vdi diem
xuat
phat thap song lai cd dieu kien qudc te thuan
lgi,
mudn nhanh chdng cd "phdng chd", mudn
lgi dung cd hieu qua nhan td qudc te phai biet
"mugn ban tay"
ciia
Chu nghTa tu ban, phai
van dung CNTBNN. Song trudc het phai
xae
djnh rd muc dich
ciia
su van dung la d chd
nha nudc
ciia
giai eip vd san Igi dung ''

tay" cua tu ban dl phat triln kinh
t !
trudng, de chuyin giao cdng nghe
vs 'ih
tuu khoa hgc quan Iy hien dai, qua dd chuan
bj
CO
sd vat chit, tao "phdng chd" dl di vao
Chu nghTa xa hdi. Mudn vay qua trinh van
dung phai tuan
thii
cac nguyen tic sau.
- Bit cir trong quan he kinh tl, ky thuat
nao
cung phai
dam bao nin
kinh tl phat trien
diing djnh hudng xa hdi chu nghTa.
- Binh dang, tdn trgng
lln
nhau, ciing cd lgi
trong quan he vdi tu
ban
trong
va
ngoai nudc.
- Tren co sd phan tich dimg din tuong
quan
lire
lugng, tuy thudc tinh chit va trinh do

quan ly de
lira
chgn va quyet djnh
eac
hinh
thirc kinh te tu ban nha nudc thich hgp.
Lenin tung nhan manh: CNTBNN la chu
nghTa phuc tiing su dieu tiet
ciia
nha nudc
(giam sat, kiem tra, quy djnh cac hinh thirc
trat
tu ).
Dieu do cd nghTa la CNTBNN gin
lien vdi nha nudc, phu thudc
vao
ban chat cua
nha nudc, kha nang dieu tiet
ciia
nha nudc
va
phu thudc vao su vung manh cua nha nudc.
Khi luan giai ve su "khdng dang sg"
Lenin da dat niem tin vao su lanh dao vung
vang cua Dang cdng san, tinb chat vai trd
ciia
nha nudc Xd viet. Ngudi viet: "Vay thi hay
thir dem nha nudc Gioongke tu ban, nha nudc
ciia
bgn dja

chii
va tu ban, thay bang nha nudc
each mang, cac ban se thay rang trong mdt
nudc
dan
chu each mang that su thi CNTB
DQNN tat nhien va nhat djnh phai cd nghTa la
mdt budc tien len Chu nghTa
xa
hdi". Vi vay,
de van dung CNTBNN, de giu' vQ'ng djnh
hudng xa hdi chu nghTa ddi hdi mdt sd dieu
kien cd
thi
coi nhu la
nbOng
thach thirc
bit
budc phai vugt qua.
Mdt
Id,
phai giu vung
sir
lanh dao
ciia
Dang cdng san, chinh
dang
cua giai cap cdng
nhan Viet Nam.
Day

la mdt thach thiic ma tinh
102
Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO
THONG
VAN
TAI:
So 32-11/2010
kha thi cua nd phu thudc vao viec Dang phai
tu ddi mdi, tu dilu chinh theo hudng: Tri tue
boa, dan chu boa trong sach va lanh manh boa.
Hai
Id,
phai cd mdt nha nudc phap quyln
day dii
tri tue va cd nang
lire,
cd uy tin, trong
sach, the hien dugc trong thuc tl tinh chit cua
mdt nha nudc cua dan, do dan va vi dan.
Ba
Id
phai khac phuc cd hieu qua te budn
lau va tham nhung dang tdn tai nhu mdt "qudc
nan" cd lien quan den nguy co "di chech hudng
xa hdi chu nghTa" bang mdt co che khoa hgc va
cd mdt thai do xu' ly nghiem minh.
III.
KET LUAN
Ly luan ve CNTBNN cua Lenin khdng
chi cd y nghTa ddi vdi nudc Nga trong thdi ky

khdi phuc va phat trien kinh te sau chien tranh
ma cdn cd y nghTa phd bien ddi vdi tat ca cac
nudc di len
Chii
nghTa xa hdi, dac biet ddi vdi
nhting nudc tir nen san xuat nhd di len Chu
nghTa xa hdi bd qua giai doan tu ban chu
nghTa. Tuy nhien, hinh thirc
miic
do, phuong
phap
van
dung phai
tuy
thudc vao dieu kien
eu the cua mdi nudc cung nhu dieu kien qudc
te trong tirng giai doan. Ddi vdi nudc ta, de
sii
dung cd hieu qua kinh te tu ban nha nudc ddi
hdi ddng bd nhieu dieu kien, trong dd dieu
kien tien quyet
la
phai giu vung
nang
cao
nang luc lanh dao cua Dang cdng san Viet
Nam ddng thdi
xay
dung
va

cung cd nha nudc
phap quyen xa hdi chu nghTa.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1].
V.l.
Lenin,
tohn
tap, tap 43 trang 252-253.
[2].
V.l.
Lenin,
toan tap tap 43 trang 252.
[3].
V.l.
Linln,
toan
tap, tap 45 trang
117.
[4].
V.I.
Lenin,
toan tap, tap 45 trang 250.
[5].
V.I.
Linln,
toan
tap, tap 44
trang418*
CONG TAC TUT
TUdNG,

LY
LUAN
VA
BAO
CHI
CUA
DANG
(tiep
theo trang 76)
- Doi m&i tdng cu&ng su Idnh dgo
eita
Ddng, ndng cao chdt luong hieu luc, hieu qud
qudn ly Nhd nu&c ddi v&i bdo chi. Giai phap
quan trgng
la
coi trgng, eham lo lam cdng tac
xay dung Dang trong cac co quan bao chi.
Quy djnh tham quyen, trach nhiem, co cbl
phdi
hgp
gitra 4 co quan sau: chi dao bao chi
ciia
Dang, quan ly bao chi
cila
Nha nudc, hdi
nha bao va co quan chu bao chi ddi vdi co quan
bao cbi va ngudi lam bao. Xay dung che tai
dii
manh, xir ly dirt diem, kjp thdi, nghiem chinh
cac sai pham. Nghien cuu phan loai bao chi theo

chiic nang, nhiem vu vdi can bd bao chi.
Doi
v&i
dpi ngU cdn bp cdng tdc bdo chi:
Ddi mdi,
nang
cao chat lugng hieu qua cdng
tac
dao
tao bdi dudng pham chat chinh tri,
trinh do nghiep vu, nang
lire
chuyen mdn va
dao
diic
nghe nghiep.
Ddi
v&i
cdc bdo, ddi, tgp chi chu luc: Cd
ke hoach dao tao, bdi dudng, bd sung can bd
ed du pham chat, nang luc. Ddi mdi, nang cao
chat lugng ve ndi dung hinh thiic, tang tinh
thuyet phuc, tinh
hap
dan, lugng phat hanh,
pham vi phat sdng.
Doi
v&i
hogt dpng
thdng

tin ddi ngogi bdo
chi Tiep tuc md rdng sdng phat thanh, truyen
binh, bao dien tir ra cac nude, khu vuc. Dua
nhieu
san
pham van hda tdt ddi vdi ddng bao d
nudc ngoai va qudc te. Tang cudng gidi thieu ve
dat nudc va con ngudi
Viet
Nam tren the gidi.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1].
Giao trinh Dudng lli
each
mang
ciia
Dang
Cgng
san
Viet Nam, NXB Chinh tri QuIc
gia.
Ha
Ngi,
2009.
[2].
Tap chi Ijch sir
Dang, 2007.
,'
[3].
Van kien Dai hgi dai bieu

toan
quoc
ciia
Dang
Cgng San Viet Nam lin thir X, NXB Chinh trj
Quicgia,
HaNoi,
2006•
Tap
chi
KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN
TAI
S6
32 -
11/2010
103