Drum occupation in red river delta (case study of Doi Tam drum village, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province) = nghề làm trống ở đồng bằng sông Hồng (nghiên cứu trường hợp làng trống Đọi Tam, xã Đọi Sơn, huyện Duy Tiên, tỉnh Hà Nam)

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI
INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES






PHAN THI HUONG GIANG




DRUM OCCUPATION IN RED RIVER DELTA
(CASE STUDY OF DOI TAM DRUM VILLAGE,
DOI SON COMMUNE, DUY TIEN DISTRICT,
HA NAM PROVINCE)




MASTER'S THESIS
Major: Vietnamese Studies
Code: 60.31.60



Supervisor: Associate prof. Dr. Le Sy Giao

HA NOI – 2012



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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION Error!
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1. Reason for topic selection Error!
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2. Scientific and practical meaning 5
3. Objects and scope of the study 5
4. History of issue study Error!
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5. Studying method Error!
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6. Structure of the thesis Error!
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Chapter 1: FORMATION CONDITIONS OF DRUM PRODUCTS IN DOI
TAM VILLAGE Error!
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1.1. Cultural space of Doi Tam drum village Error!
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1.2. Drum founder Error!
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1.3. History of drum craft village Error!
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Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF A DOI TAM DRUM Error!
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2.1. Productional materials Error!
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2.1.1. Wood Error!
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2.1.2. Leather Error!
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2.1.3. Other materials Error!
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2.2. Productinal tools Error!

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2.2.1. Sawing tools Error!
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2.2.2. Planing tools Error!
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2.2.3. Cuttingtools Error!
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2.2.4. The other tool Error!
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2.3. Productional techniques Error!
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2.3.1. Leathering Error!
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2.3.2. Drum body manufacturing Error!
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2.3.3. Drumhead stretching Error!
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2.3.4. Drum painting and maintaining 42
Chapter 3: TRADITIONAL AND MODERN DRUM PRODUCTS OF DOI
TAM VILLAGE Error!
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3.1. The traditional drum Error!
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3.1.1. Thunder Drums: Error!
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3.1.2. Large drum Error!
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3.1.3. “De” (base) drum Error!
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3.1.4. “Khau” (mouth) drum Error!
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3.1.5. “Bong” drum Error!
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3.1.6. “Manh” drum Error!
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3.1.7. “Chien” (fighting) drum Error!
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3.1.8. “Ngu loi” drum Error!
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3.1.9. Paper tambourine Error!
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3.2. Drum of the ethnic group Error!
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3.2.1. Acur drum Error!
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3.2.2. “Ghi nang” drum Error!
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3.2.3. “Tang sanh” drum Error!
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3.2.4. “ Hagunsit” drum Error!
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3.2.5. Paranung drum Error!
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3.3. Modern Drum Error!
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3.3.1.Jazz Drum Error!
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3.3.2. “Seng” drum 64
3.3.3. Meca drum Error!
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3.3.4. “Sai dam” drum Error!
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Chapter 4: DRUM PRODUCTS IN DAILY LIFE OF DOI TAM Error!
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4.1. Effects of drums occupation economic life of Doi Tam village Error!
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4.2. Effects of drum occupation on cultural life of Doi Tam village Error!
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4.3. Effects of drums occupation on social life Doi Tam village 78
4.4. Open issues Error!
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CONCLUSION Error!
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REFERENCES 99
LIST OF INFORMANTS 103






INTRODUCTION
1. Reason for topic selection
- Since a long time ago, drum is a mean of communication of
many ethnic groups, including the Kinh. Drum involves in many human
events such as notifying events of the village (dyke maintenance, flooding,
fire, etc.), notifying festivals, funeral, etc
- The drum is a cultural product of each region, each ethnic group.
- Over the course of historical development, nowadays, drum is
still a mean of communication, an important musical instrument in the
cultural life of the nation.
- In the past, Red River delta that has many drum village such as
Lieu Thuong ( Duong Hao, Hung Yen), Doi Tam (Duy Tien, Ha Nam),

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Tong Xa (Yen Xa, Y Yen, Nam Dinh), Gia Vinh (Thanh Thuy, Thanh
Oai, Ha Tây). But now Doi Tam is only drum village in this area.
- In major festival including 990th, 1000th anniversary of Thang
Long – Hanoi, there was participation of great thunder drum as well as
spectacular drum teams. They are all products of craftsmen in Doi Tam
village.

- Being located 60km far from the Capital and limited in
development of a craft village, the reputation of Doi Tam village has not
been known yet.
For the desire of discovering products of Doi Tam village from
formation, material, structure and classification, the writer wants to get
closer access to the life of a craft village in northern delta. Also, the writer
wants to go further to find out shortcomings and disadvantages of the
village and propose solution to make the village and its products more
complete and public
2. Scientific and practical meaning
* Scientific meaning: The thesis will contribute to enrich the
materials sources on the village. The drum product of the village will be
systematically presented from formation conditions and factors, type of
drums to its meaning to people’s lives in the Doi Tam village.
* Practical meaning: Studying the products of Doi Tam village, the
writer also has closer approach to the village life in all aspects of economy,
society and culture, to see not only the achievements but also shortcomings
and short-term limitation of the village
3. Purpose of the study

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- Purpose: Find out drum products of Doi Tam village from tradition
to modern type and have holistic view of Doi Tam drum craft village in
term of economy, culture and society, etc.
4. Objects and scope of the study
- Objects of the study: studied objects of the thesis are drum products
of Doi Tam Craft village – a typical drum making village in Red River
delta.
- Scope of the study: Thesis on traditional and modern products of
Doi Tam village (Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam

province), in which the thesis focuses on studying traditional products of
Doi Tam village.
5. History of issue study
There is hardly any intensive document on drum of the village.
Products of Doi Tam is mentioned much in internet journals such as Ha
Nam Portal, marketing websites of enterprises in Doi Tam or e-journals
Basing on materials of culture books, practical experience and
materials from internet, the writer has selected, systemize them to present
her specific idea in the thesis of “Drum occupation in red river delta (case
study of Doi Tam drum village, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha
Nam province)”
6. Studying method
- Historical method
- Ethnological fieldwork method
7. Structure of the thesis
Besides the introduction, conclusion, the thesis will include 4
chapters:

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Chapter 1: Formation conditions of drum products in doi tam village
Chapter 2: Components of a doi tam drum.
Chapter 3: Traditional and modern drum products of doi tam
village.
Chapter 4: Drum products in daily life of doi tam

Chapter 1: FORMATION CONDITIONS OF DRUM
PRODUCTS IN DOI TAM VILLAGE
1.1. Cultural space of Doi Tam drum village
Doi Tam or Giap Ba, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam
province is a separate administrative unit established during the separation

of villages. Doi Son is located in the South East of Duy Tien district.
Doi is a sacred mountain; name in Han script is “Long Doi Son”
(Dragon mountain). At the foot of the mountain there is a well deep into
the mountain like dragon’s mouth. There are 9 natural wells near Doi
River. According to ancient notions, this is the land of the king, thus there
are a lot of brick Han tombs.
1.2. Drum founder
Drum career has existed for very long time, no one remembers. They
only know that Mr.Nguyen Quy Cong or Phuc Nang in Han script is now
being worshiped as the founder and founder’s grave is built as imperial
tomb in the eastern side of Doi Mountain. On anniversary of the founder’s
death – January 07th each year is the actual evidence proving the living of
drum career in the lives of local people.
1.3. History of drum craft village

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Before the Queen mother Y Lan and the king Ly Nhan Tong came
Doi Son to build Long Doi Son pagoda (1118), Doi Tam drum village had
been over 200 years old.
During feudal time, the drum career of the village was
undeveloped. Drums were used only for festival or emergency of the
village such as patrolling, dyke maintenance, etc.
In subsidy period, drum craft of the village developed at wider
scale but still fragmented
Innovation time brought back many changes to Doi Tam drum
making village. People got interested in their spiritual lives, pagodas and
temples were built everywhere leading to the demand for drums. And in
November, 2007, the village was granted with the credit of “Typical Craft
Village of Vietnam” by Vietnam Association of Craft Villages.
Conclusion 1

Thus, in the point of cultural origin, Doi Tam drum craft village
locates in the hollow land of Red River delta with the history of 1000
years. Legend has it that the founder of this craft was Mr. Nguyen Duc
Nang and his grave was built in the eastern side of Doi Mountain. January
7th of each year is the death anniversary as well as the important festival
of the village. Over stages of development: difficult feudal, undeveloped
subsidy time and widely and strongly developed transitional time, by now,
Doi Tam village has produced drums serving people nation wide.


Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF A DOI TAM DRUM
2.1. Productional materials

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2.1.1. Wood
First of all, timber to be done the drum, that is jackfruit wood.This
wood is lemon yellow, smooth plastic, wood grain
Is very small and very soft, rarely warped by the effects of weather,
climate, few termite. Jack fruit forests tend to be larger, the bark rough,
winding consecutive meetings garden plants also have relatives. Jackfruit
wood consists of three parts, inner layers of jackfruit wood called "core"
has bright, that is very yellow. Jackfruit wood in Northern areas are also now
very rare, the workers have to buy wood in the Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha
Tinh, Hue, Da Nang , the areas of ethnic minorities, border areas of Ho Chi
Minh trail orin the Central Highlands.
2.1.2. Leather:
Used to trap buffalo skin drum, is a material commonly used in the
production of empty villages in many rural areas in the country. When
someone ordered the large drum, Doi Tam artisans themselve buying the health,
big buffalo back to. They will flesh of the ox. Male buffalo skin is thick,

crispy, the cost is high. For buffalo skins for drums, as selected taboos
fat buffalo skin because the skin-fat, no guest drum noises and can not be
dried, when wet weather rot prone skin, reducing the durability of
the drum.
When purchasing leather, choosing the more wrinkled skin, sparsehair
is silver and old buffal. After the purchasing of buffalo skin, the workers
have planed, shaved, took the kidney out, but would have to know to reach
for good drumming. Next, they stretch the skin to sun exposure on the iron
frame About two days. After sun exposure, if not used immediately, they must

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maintain good standing buffalo skin because if experience wet conditions,
skin prone to mold, broken. When tight skin, the worker have to know the
right way up place, dinner of the skin, the sound of the drum will circular.
2.1.3. Other materials
- Song Trees: used to do the belt of the drum
-Bamboo: Bamboo is split into stagnation. The stagnation will played
on the drum skin.
- Paint: Past, Doi Tam artisans used Vietnam paint to paint the drum,
now they use western paint. Drums are often painted red, with space given
that the black paint, children's drums, they may more colors: blue, white…
2.2. Productional tools
2.2.1.Sawing tools
Previously, craft workers use a hand saw to cut wood, sawn drum chips.
The vertical saws are long saws, “melon seeds” saws. Recently, workers
have used a chainsaw, it's sawmills into long slabs, cutting machine crushed.
2.2.2.Planing tools
Tools to ensure that, in a stand cell (Cell body length of about 30cm,
width of about 28cm) chips used totrim edges drum) horizontal cells (made
from a piece of wood about 25cm long, hovering on the edge of a curve)

cells used to drum for smooth, smooth). Tools to cell the skin are affectionately
cell, cell range, cell.
2.2.3. Cutting tools
- The Brain is a tool for scraping drum for smooth.
- Opaque thigh: a piece of wood 40cm long, 5cm wide, used to type,
play the belt of the drum.
2.2.4. The other tool: include blow pipe, crabs

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2.3. Productional techniques
2.3.1. Leathering
When buying skin on, spread right down to the meat back up. Then
scrape the skin to. There are two ways to skin, traditional methods are "cells"
columnand how to do it "table cell": to get a piece of wood, may be a pair
of wooden planks, placed onthe skin, then crucified kept around or pull the
cord (taken awl punchskin, insert wire into the surroundings, tied
to a bamboo frames quares). Then the worker will proceed stretch the skin
on the frame by nailing orwiring.
2.3.2. Drum body manufacturing
Purchase of fresh jackfruit wood soaked in lime to bring. When used,
salvaged wood, rinsing with water, lime and water outall the dirt, filth stick.
When wood is drained, it will be dried.
+ wooden box
Tree is split into slabs, sheets, depending on customer requirements,
which cut each log into certain size. Previously, sawn timber workers also
used a hand saw with a chainsaw now, improve labor productivity.
+ Modeling particle
The worker will follow customer requirements in terms of Aneurysm
of the curvature effects that make space available for proper chip. According
to tradition, the workers of Doi Tam drum curvature divided into three

types: interest, four soldiers, the military.
+ Split chips
Drum chips sawn angles and curves. Each particle of about 1-1.5
cm thick. After cutting is completed, the workers must check all just cut
chipsfinished, see the curvature is appropriate. First, use a knife all the fine rough,

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jagged edges on both sides of shavings, chips to the edges flat and smooth.
Thickness, thin shavings of space depends on size of fruit boxes do.
Drum to the particle size to cut thicker.
+ Pairing chips
Get a pair of two chips together, so that the backs of two miles insize
fit the curvature of the press. From the first pair with the second
chips to finish, the second chip with third chip. And so, in turn trans
plant until the chips to do, so that the finalparticle pair had just "fit" with
the first chip. After checking the curvature as well as the joints between
the chip,could be used in. The next stage is to do "advance belt".
Splitting the bamboo into yarn, wrap therope way. The length of the belt
by peripheral drum so that "hug" fit the drum. Temporary wrap belt was done,
in which chips up drum. Sort Order: chip 1, chip 2, 3, 4, 5
Assembled into finished shaped drums to the stage of "cool". Use a
knife to chip, cut and trim the rough part of the mouth or warping drum.
Take the "wedge" wood strapping down. Cells Continue to get the "meniscus
and the "grinding" tomuseums, for the closed circuit chips together and
create therounded, smooth to the drum.
2.3.3. Drumhead stretching
- Make skin face of the drum:
The first step is cutting the drum skin. When cut to the skin
to tear the ship except for review. If small spaceship review section for 3
to 4 cm wide, about 8cm drum to have to. With all kinds of drum cells must

be re-before a turn into the drum trap. Get puncher hole to the string "hips"
skin around the skin edges. When the hips have required perforated punch deep
edge of about 1.5 to 2 cm skin. On average, each one forcing hips to about

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5 button. Use your hipsto force giang crackers for "crackers" are rarely
broken, very soft andelastic, when forced to stretch the skin effect are.
- The step of doing "table":
Showing four square bamboo, get strapped in four corners, So that
the tube for a fixed, known as the four corners. Place the drum on top, so
that the balance in between. And then started the drum trap.
- Trap the drum: To the drum skin to trap mouth to "close the leather
belt.". Place the finished leather, rope start crawling. Threaded wire ropes to
the four corners there, hardwire again the corner, and ligaments in the
middle of a bamboo button. Stretch the wire up, forced through the "anchor",
loop through the"hips". At each junction, as flesh tightly, not to loose wires.
Ligament inserted, remove the "SAM" wood chisel awl into the"anchor"
for interrupt skin, climbed the "lead" drum. Workers to stand up drum, foot
stomp to the beat up and down (about 10 beats) to have simplified all around.
Take the "shell" or a log about 20cm long, 10cm wide, closed at both
ends wedge (twoeach side). Timber close to the "wedge" create power "click"
pushupward drum. Surface tension drums were finished, it is flat and
round. Next is the stage of "towing crucified”. Before crucified, draw
two lines "towing only" at the edge of space.Workers based on this line to
close to flat and nice review. Take abeating Needle opaque ring around the
drum for loose skin all the way down, then the "appraisal", cross the
hole puncher to keep your skin for sure. "Pin", remove the hammer
"guest set" closed loop around anempty result for sure to ensure long hours
to keep. Remove the anchor rods, sticks hips, drawstraps. Making drum belt:
song plants are attractive but after oil, dried split would be to wrap the

drum belt. In addition to tree song, Doi Tam workers also use bamboo to

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make belts. The effects of land outside the aesthetic elements also help seal
theempty vessel, positioning the drum, creating the link between the drum
chips together, not leaking. Now, people began to drum aluminum belt, the
same way. However, aluminum belt fragile fracture, difficulty bending over,
not good form with the title song (clouds) but has the advantage of durability
and convenience.
2.3.4. Drum painting and maintaining
- Paint the drum: . First, using paint mixed with saw dust, stone
powder that strokes along the drum vessels. Then take the clay was filtered
impurities, strokes on the circuit between the shavings drum. Wait
for the paint to dry, use cloth bucket "bundle" again. "Bundle" as many
layers as possible (cloth wrapped around the drum). After baits, assembly
workers take fight for fine paper again and start painting the drum.
Paint is done, about 6-7 hours for them to dry paint and began
painting motifs. Want to look better drum, more color, as "hom" complete re-
coated with a layer of lacquer on the outside. Then draw the figure on the
drum such as the dragons, phoenixes, Yin and Yang and the decorative
patterns: pattern rosette, cross, sine
Recently, workers use western paints to paint the drum, so the steps
are simple, fast. Storage the drum: The drum is placed in a dry, airy.
Sometimes it brings out the sun for the drum skin tension. When the drum
is white mold due to the long, low use, you can use a dry rag to clean
dirt off mats, then brought the sun. To hook up blank, slightly moist soil to
prevent as well as the prevention of type mice, bugs out drum (because the
mouse like buffalo skin very much , so the drum or rodents).
Conclusion 2:

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Thus, the drum is formed from two basic materials are buff and jackfruit
wood. Wood was chosen as the meeting of perennialwood and leather is
leather buffalo drums and the elderly. In addition, there are materials
available to the tree belt but empty, drum paint to decorate the west
The drum tool: sawing tools, tool cell, carved trim tool improved more
help for workers to use more machines andimprove labor productivity.
From the materials and tools available to make up a blank, Doi Tam worker
must undergo three phases very thorough, meticulous: create empty body,
leather processing, paint and trap dums. Each stage has its technical step
is the professional secret thatworkers never Doi Tam village known to outsiders.
Doi Tam drum is not only famous but also famous in the whole country is at
handthanks to talented, skillful, experienced worker Doi Tam has incorporated
many elements make up the drums full circle,sonorous.





Chapter 3: TRADITIONAL AND MODERN DRUM PRODUCTS
OF DOI TAM VILLAGE
3.1. The traditional drum
3.1.1. Thunder Drums
Thunder drum is the extreme drum, the drum has a diameter of
1.5m or more, high drum from 1.7 m or more, are used in major national
events such as celebrating 990 years and 1000 years of Thang Long -
Ha Noi. In the 990 year anniversary of Thang Long - Hanoi, Doi Tam has

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workers should contribute to high thundering drums 2m65; the drumhas a

diameter of 2.01m; body has played drums with bamboo nails1999; assembled
drum 34 pieces of blank chips. Recently, the workers also made Doi Tam drum
thunder largest water for the 1,000 th anniversary of Thang Long - Hanoi. The
drum has a diameter of 2.35 m, height 3.1 meters, weighs 1300kg.
3.1.2. Large drum
The drum used in the case of drums summoned the villagers, the
war drums, feshivan drum, meeting space, in the scene, churches drum, schools
drum, command drum, water drums, cheo drum, the drum that report
with the robbery, the broken dike, fire. The bass drum, echo, fit, hit slow
sound vibrations poise, type faster then heated jubilantly. Drum has three types
of statistics: Statistics onplane crashes on the price or force on a blow for
two people carryingbamboo. Drum for a user. They beat drums with wooden
awlsrounded at both ends.
3.1.3. “De” (base) drum
The drum with double-sided drum circle diameter equal about 15 cm,
usually appeared in cheo and ca tru. About 18cm high drum, raw jackfruit
wood floors song called, but when approved by the jackfruit wood scraps,
painted outside, often appear in opera and song categories. In the opera
theater, opera, the sound of this drum clearly the attitude of the fight.
3.1.4. “Khau” (mouth) drum
Khau drum, the diameter of about 18-20cm, a height of about 6cm,
participating in the drum woods, along with the drums, cymbals, drum, used
in controlling go fast or slowly, balancing with the rhythmic signal is
specified, a case reviewby the tune, commander of the dances. Drum password

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is used in funerals. The tunes, can sound, rhyth miccrowd the vacant
post is more of an aerobic.
3.1.5.“Bong” drum
Bong drum is used in the ensemble with drum, cymbals and students

money, create a joyful atmosphere, bustling in the festival village, the procession
and Spring Assembly. Bong drum has two types of dance bong drum and rice
bong drums. The dance bong drum has a diameter of about 10cm, the
length of the drum about 40 cm, is used in place is the familiar gam rice
drum: cottonis mounted on the inside a piece of crushed rice "polish whore".
At lunch drum artisans sat down on the floor, space located on the floor,
using my knees hold drum camp.
3.1.6. “Manh” drum
Drum is often used to sing gray. Drum only one side, covered with buffalo
skin, diameter 10 cm. Wider than the bottom diameter of 15 cm did not block
the skin. Manh drum is beaten with a small wooden awls, spikes, gradually
tapering. The type (usually damaged eyesight) also slipped his hand into a
hand drum. The remaining one-handed typing senh play a rhythm pattern,
the other hand holding blank awl type "flicker" on two drums dotted piece
is clamped in the arms and lap statistics, there are many who also played
the deck beat the tableon foot, with awl finger sandwiched in, and can
accompany vocals or singing.
3.1.7. “Chien” (fighting) drum
Drum made of jackfruit wood about 34 cm high. Drum has a diameter
of about 30 cm, trap buffalo leather, awls made of gang wood. That instrument
ensemble participated in the festival orchestra, especially in war are the
backbone of the orchestra and operatheater, is given for punctuation, open

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question, inspired rhythms, creating a rhythmic dance opera. In Central, south,
war drums are present in the band festival, when a holiday home, funeral
3.1.8. “Ngu loi” drum
This is a drum set, including four small drum and one big drum. This
drum is used in the eight sound orchestra combine with cymbals, brain canvas,
gongs on the festival, joyful sound, crisp wine. Largest drum, the diameter

50cm, height 60cm, the four remaining open surface with a diameter of
about 25cm and a height of about 30cm.
3.1.9. Paper tambourine
This is dum of the children in the moutain and the delta. This drum
is the same as khau drum but smaller and with grip, especially with
two terracotta
member attached to both ends of two wires, two wires force to the
drum.
3.2. . Drum of the ethnic group
Doi Tam workers go to the other places as well as learning new
techniques and create new drum product characteristics of each region,
ethnic group.That is:
3.2.1. Acur drum
This drum in Ta oi. A log drum is perforated hollow inside about 50 cm
high, two-sideddrum with a diameter of about 27 cm is cǎng cow leather.
3.2.2. “Ghi nang” drum
This drum in Cham ethnic groups in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan.
Remember capacity cylindrical shape, slightly swollen in the middle,
instant drum, made from a piece of iron wood or even wood coffee height
of 75-80 cm and a diameter of 26-28 cm. The drum has two aspects, the large

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trap buffalo leather, slightly smaller surfacecovered by goatskin or leather
roebucks.
3.2.3. “Tang sanh” drum
In San Chay ethnic. Drum made of clay about 50 cm high at the waist.
Two leather trǎndrum, big face about 20cm in diameter, the smaller diameter
10 cm, connected by leather straps. When used, the drum is placed
horizontally, the right hand using bamboo to come with me stock are
stick type soft, rhythmichand clapping in rhythm. The soundof drum casting clay,

not gold. Drum solo instrument is sophisticated,
blanket or as orchestra, and dance in dailybuffer for carnival.
3.2.4. “ Hagunsit” drum
This drum in Cham ethnic groups in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan.
Coke drum of wood about 40 cm high, two-sided abdominalroebucks
leather, diameter 16.5 cm.
3.2.5. Paranung drum
This drum in Cham ethnic groups in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan. In
only one hand, a diameter of about 45-50 cm, covered with leather
or goatskin roebucks. Drum made from iron wood instant coffee oreven
wood, about 9 cm.
3.3. Modern Drum
3.3.1. Jazz Drum
This drum include one drum in the middle, and 4-5 drums around. Hand in
the abdomen with acrylic, inox or stainless steel. Drums are more, but only
by a solo, hit on each drum has a different language. The drum is used in the wedding
or party.
3.3.2. “Seng” drum

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This drum has special structure is compared with other types of
iron drum, there are some hang seng around the same. Drums are still Lowland
buffalo leather.
3.3.3 Meca drum
This drum has stainless steel frame, acrylic surface, when do they
get the screws to attach to the frame, for children on the occasion of school, or
mid-autumn festival, and are also used in the orchestra Catholics. Students
can throw line over his shoulder, wearing drum chest, walkto the rhythm
of the beat team.
3.3.4. “Sai dam” drum

This drum is a unique percussion instrument in the musical repertoire
of the southern ethnic Khmer. Along with the drum as the drum type puncher,
racks, drum strap, carrying drum attack is designed to suit each type
of drum. Stifle is made of teak wood or wood glue, the workers use lathes
rounded at both ends awl, tapering in the middle, the side hand lesare also tapered
awl to fit the users hand. Drum hangers or wooden timber for glue. Price has
two types of leg or rack price. Schools are often drum hanger, may be two-
sided drum beat. Drums in the festival is often used to stand prices, price fitted
with four wheels beneath, above the drum. Carrying empty timber blow is square
orround, the top hit the dragon, also painted red, are used to carry
thedrum in the team dragon dance, lion dance
Doi Tam village is also famous for drum team is composed
of 60 members (including 48 women). The thunder drum, nomarl drum, small
drum are held by women. Early days of the village, the drum of women
Doi Tam drum teamjubilantly, echoing at blizzard combat drum, bass scholarship
at, fun exciting time. Doi Tam drum when female team to perform in other

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places, costumes usually have two sets, one set of traditional and modern
as an actor. Want to be recruited into the village drum team is Doi Tam
village girl who married the daughter of the village or the village
of Doi Tam. Daughter of the village is not married is not selected on the
drum team, lest later she married the other village drum team will lose and
lose the job All the festivals from provincial to district and conference veterans,
women, youth, In the province Doi Tam drum invited to perform the
opening.

Conclusion 3
Thus, the products of the village of Doi Tam drum hugely diverse,
rich with all the sizes, different shapes. The traditional drum is not

only ancient but popular tothisday remain valid. It's thundering drum with
large size usedin the anniversary ofthe country, great for use in temples,
pagodas, drum for use in rowing,ca tru singing, drum using in the
procession procession, cotton,rice appearedin procession, singing piecesin
gray boxes, drum battle in the opera stage, empty bowl contingent
negative error in the orchestra, given to children playing. Besides the
product ismade traditional drums in the village, DoiTam workers to the
places were emptied learning techniques andthe products typical of the empty
regions, ethnic minorities, such asempty Acur, Record heavy, clay drum,
Hagunsit, drums paranung.Today, most people are using the traditional
products available in the village of Doi Tam. Doi Tam workers also
invented the moderndrum drum drum music isa slight (45 fruits) are Lowla
nd stainless steel or a crylic or adhered, seng is empty drum of iron, a
crylic boxes for children, children, in the wrong chip ethnic Khmer At

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the festival village, Doi Tam have the opportunity to demonstrate
thestrength of the village with spectacular female drum, drum setallkindsof
large and small. Theproducts of Doi Tam drum notonlyenrich the musical
treasureof the nation butto the cultural picture of Vietnam richer, more vivid.





Chapter 4: DRUM PRODUCTS IN DAILY LIFE
OF DOI TAM

4.1. Effects of drums occupation on economic life of Doi Tam
village

In the trend of market development increasingly village has 17
manufacturing facilities and 15 drum buff processing facilities, professional
supply raw materials for production of more than 400 households that make
drum. Besides the traditional products, many artisans and skilled workers in the
village also explore, study manipulated the drum product stylized simulation
Dong Son bronze drum, drum unplug (drum string without using nail scissors,
when they will draw a string) or as home appliances: bath medicine, pedicure
are made of wood revenue from craft villages are emptied on average 15
to 17 billion / year, a relatively large contribution to the local budget. In
addition to production workers locally, Doi Tam longer sending workers to
go all the way to the country's production and business space. The production
facilities of Doi Tam drum are present in almost all provinces in the country.

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4.2. Effects of drum occupation on cultural life of Doi Tam
village
Products in the village of Doi Tam drum not only serve the cultural
life of the local but also contribute to enriching the cultural life of the spirit
of the country. At any festival, temples and pagodas has drum. In thegreat
festival of the nation,the important events of the country, the drums always
appeared. On holidays, anniversary craft, holidays Thanh Minh, Long Doi Son
Pagoda Festival, the workers everywhere returned to family reunion. These days,
Doi Tam drum team came again, mixed in lively and cheerful atmosphere
in the whole region.Doi Tam drum of the profession is preserved and kept
in the living museum - these are the artists. All these techniques only
emptied the village passed to his son, first to the daughter. Daughter
and son in law is not transmitted for fear of job offers else where.The
barber did the drums sound thrilled to bring, to make life fun when the
person lies down, the drums will take off their souls. Not only that funeral
in Doi Tam village in which any one of the Kinh in Vietnam and the

drums are present.
4.3. Effects of drums occupation on social life Doi Tam village
+ Drum career help to solve job problem for laborers in rural areas
+ Contributing to the total value of goods and products for the
economy.
+ Contributing to the growing requirements restructuring the rural
economy towards industrialization and modernization.
+ Drum career also attract idle capital, take the time and labor, raise
living standards and limit free migration.

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+ Contribute to increase income, a stable life for Doi Tam people.
Doi Tam workers not only sell their products to businesses and stablishments
in the country but also produces many drums meet the needs of foreign
visitors. Besides the products available, based in wood material is meeting
people Doi Tam also create many unique products such as bathtubs, jugsof
wine - the products have great appeal in the market. The Japanese ordered
the wood products flower pots look nice. Fordomestic orders, the workers
very Doi Tam transactions and exchange In villages, the proportion
of rich households is very high (35%), no hungry households, very
low poverty rate, income from professional drum up the majority of the
total income of residents in the village, the system public facilities,
infrastructure development, high-risebuildings of the mushrooming of households
and increasingmonitoring, the percentage of households using various
types offurniture facility occupies quite expensive.
Needs of increasingly diverse customers to help create permanent
jobs for people Doi Tam. In rural areas almost no idle labor. Young men
and apprentices are largely drums since childhood, growing upin the traditional
family, the young woman determined to escape fromthe primary school
4.4. Open issues

During development, Doi Tam drum trade village exist many problems.
One of the biggest weaknesses of the village is the information and skills market;
lack of alignment and cooperation between artists, producers, managers,
people who search the market; competitiveness and economic integration
in the village are limited, the policy lacks clarity and attention of the State;
status of production "up everyone as" unfair competition in the village;
limited degree, the capacity of employee training; negative impacton the